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Camelina, a traditional oil-producing plant, has gained global interest due to the highquality oil found in its seeds. It has numerous applications, including human dietary consumption, aviation biofuel, and biodiesel production. Seed quality testing is crucial for identifying suitable seed batches for market sale. Currently, vigor tests have been established for a limited selection of commercially cultivated plant species, including camelina. This study aims to assess seed vigor and contribute to the development and validation of methods/tests for reliable vigor assessment. The experiment used two camelina genotypes developed at the Institute of Field and Vegetables Crops in Novi Sad, Serbia. The findings revealed a noteworthy reduction in germination percentages for both genotypes across all the conducted tests, as compared to the conventional laboratory germination. Simultaneously, there was a notable increase in abnormal seedlings. However, no statistically significant differences in the values of growth parameters were observed among the applied tests. In summary, the reduced seed vigor values indicate potential issues with this trait, despite generally sound germination. Additionally, the preliminary findings and methodology developed for testing the camelina seed vigor highlighted the need for optimization when applying these tests to other species to ensure their reliability and applicability.

Biostimulants are used for seed quality and performance improvement. However, the impact of biostimulants on parsnip seed quality has not been examined. Slow germination of parsnip is often further impeded by stress conditions. This study therefore aimed to assess whether treatments with different biostimulants could enhance seed germination and the initial seedling growth of parsnip. Amino acid and micronutrient-based biostimulants (0.2% solutions (v/v) of Technokel Amino Mix® and Megafol®) improved germination of parsnip seeds under optimal conditions, while biostimulant treatments with humic acid, fulvic acid and micronutrients (0.02% solution (v/v) of Organiko®) enhanced the initial growth. Our findings validate the potential of biostimulant application as a seed treatment. Determination of the main physiological causes of parsnip germination enhancement is needed in further research.

Seed deterioration is an unavoidable process to which seeds of oilseed plant species such as sunflower are especially sensitive. This study aimed to determine whether different invigoration techniques can improve the attributes of germination in sunflower and alleviate the effects of seed ageing. Both aged and non-aged seeds were subjected to invigoration by pre-soaking with distilled water and with 3% of KH2PO4 for 24 hours at 25°C. Germination performance, seedling growth and SDS-PAGE protein profile were determined. The outcome of invigoration depended on the condition of the seeds: invigoration of seeds with both water and KH2PO4 reduced the percentage of germination in non-aged seeds, while in aged seeds there was an increase in germination compared to the control. The SDS-PAGE seed protein profiles revealed that the low molecular weight proteins produced high-intensity bands and the high molecular weight proteins were in low concentrations. After accelerated ageing followed by H2O treatment, some bands of proteins appeared in the region of 2S albumins and were associated with a higher percentage of germination. Our results point out that invigoration treatments were more effective in low vigour seeds which can provide wide practical benefits.

The effects of physical invigoration seed treatment are manifested in many ways, including morphological and structural aspects, changes in the gene expression and the accumulation of proteins and metabolites. To invigorate seed and to investigate the effects of different invigoration techniques on germination and growth seedling characteristics of sunflower, an experiment was conducted with sunflower hybrid Fantazija at the Laboratory for seed testing, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia. The process of seed invigoration was performed after seeds were exposed to double stressful condition of high temperature and high humidity (72h at 41°C) (the accelerate aging test) by H2O treatment (the seeds were soaked in water for 24 hours) and KH2PO4 treatment (the seeds were soaked in KH2PO4 solution for 24 hours), followed by washing and drying near to initial weight. Treatments with H2O and KH2PO4 affected the decrease of germination, but they were effective in reducing mean germination time (MGT). After the accelerate aging test, the process of invigoration (both H2O and KH2PO4) influenced a minor increase germination percentage, but MGT was prolonged.

U eri modernih i preciznih poljoprivrednih tehnologija zahteva se da svako seme bude zdravo i da lako i brzo klija i formira jak, vigorozan ponik koji je neophodan za optimalan rast i maksimalan prinos poljoprivrednih kultura. Proizvodnja i upotreba visokokvalitetnog semena su osnovni i najvažniji preduslovi uspešne poljoprivredne proizvodnje. Kako bi se postigli ovi uslovi i obezbedili pravovremene i pouzdane rezultate, programi kontrole kvaliteta semena u procesu proizvodnje moraju biti raznovrsni i dinamični Test klijavosti je najbolji pokazatelj potencijala klijanja partije semena u poljskim uslovima. Međutim, vreme potrebno da se dobiju rezultati se kreće od nekoliko dana do nekoliko nedelja, a u nekim slučajevima su potrebni čak i meseci. U tom smislu, tetrazolijum test (TZ test) je zauzeo istaknuto mesto jer u kratkom vremenskom roku pruža pouzdane informacije o vitalnosti semena, neophodne za donošenje brzih odluka tokom proizvodnje i prometa semena.

Proizvodnja uljane repice u Srbiji prati trend porasta površina pod uljaricama u svetu. Kao najvažniji preduslov za uspešnu proizvodnju i postizanje visokih prinosa neophodno je obezbediti seme visokog kvaliteta i osigurati optimalan sklop biljaka. Kvalitetan tretman semena se pokazao kao najbolje rešenje za zaštitu biljaka u početnim fazama razvoja. Ispitivanja su izvedena na tri sorte ozime uljane repice: Ana, Zorica i Jasna. Seme je tretirano fungicidima sa aktivnim materijama karboksin + tiram i fluopikolid + fluoksastrobin, kao i insekticidom sa a.m. flupiradifuron, a kontrola je bilo netretirano seme. Uticaj tretmana ispitan je primenom standardnog laboratorijskog metoda i nakon 7 dana utvrđeni su klijavost semena i dužina ponika. Klijavost semena u kontroli se kretala od 92% do 93%. U proseku, najveću klijavost imalo je seme tretirano sa fungicidom fluopikolid + fluoksastrobin (94 – 98%). Značajno nižu klijavost imalo je seme sorte Jasna (84%) i Ana (88%) tretirano kombinacijom fungicida karboksin + tiram i insekticida. Dužina ponika je bila statistički značajno najveća kod semena sorte Jasna (18,27 cm) tretiranog fungicidom fluopikolid + fluoksastrobin, koja je i u proseku za sve tretmane imala najveću vrednost ispitivanog parametra. Najniže vrednosti su dobijene kod ponika sorte Zorica (13,39 cm) pri tretmanu fungicidom karboksin + tiram. Za uspešnu proizvodnju treba odabirati tretmane koji imaju pozitivan efekat na kvalitet semena., The production of oilseed rape in Serbia follows the trend of increasing areas under oil crops in the world. As the most important precondition for successful production and achieving high yields, it is necessary to provide high-quality seeds and ensure an optimal plant number per hectare. Quality seed treatment has proven to be the best solution for plant protection in the initial stages of development. Test was performed on three varieties of winter rapeseed: Ana, Zorica and Jasna. The seeds were treated with fungicides with a.i. carboxin + thiram and fluopicolide + fluoxastrobin, as well as an insecticide with a.i. flupyradifurone, and control was untreated seeds. The effect of the treatment was tested using a standard laboratory method, and after 7 days, seed germination and seedling length were determined. Seed germination in the control ranged from 92% to 93%. On average, seeds treated with the fungicide fluopicolide + fluoxastrobin had the highest germination (94-98%). The seeds of Jasna (84%) and Ana (88%) varieties treated with the combination of fungicide carboxin + thiram and insecticide had a significantly lower germination rate. The seedlings length was statistically significantly highest in the seeds of Jasna variety (18.27 cm) treated with fungicide fluopicolide + fluoxastrobin, which had the highest value of the tested parameter on average for all treatments. The lowest values were obtained in seedlings of Zorica variety (13.39 cm) treated with the fungicide carboxin + thiram. For successful production, treatments that have a positive effect on seed quality should be selected.

NS Dunav je novostvoreni hibrid ozime uljane repice (Brassica napus L.) priznat od strane Uprave za zaštitu bilja Ministarstva spoljne trgovine i ekonomskih odnosa Bosne i Hercegovine, NS Dunav is a registered newly-developed hybrid of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) released by the Plant Protection Directorate of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Relations of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Soil salinization is one of the most significant global problems, leading to reduced agricultural productivity potential and biodiversity. The main salt commonly found on the surface of soils and in water is NaCl, which directly impacts plant growth and land degradation. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the morpho-physiological characteristics of two genotypes of Camelina sativa (‘NS Slatka’; ‘NS Zlatka’) and two genotypes of Carthamus tinctorius (‘NS Lana’; ‘NS Una’), which potentially characterize them as salt-tolerant crops. The levels of salinity tolerance were compared under five NaCl treatments, ranging from 0 mM to 200 mM. Based on the obtained results, seeds of all four genotypes germinated at the highest salt concentration (200mM NaCl), but the germination percentage declined at all salt oncentrations. Moreover, lower salt concentrations induced root elongation and reduced shoot length of seedlings of all four genotypes. Salt stress tolerance indexes showed the importance of converting the plant parameters into mathematical indexes, and the significance of comparing all the tolerance indexes according to salt stress., Zaslanjenost zemljišta kao jedan od najznačajnijih problema u svetu dovodi do smanjene poljoprivredne proizvodnje i smanjenja biodiverziteta. Najčešće zastupljena so u zemljištu i vodi je NaCl koja direktno utiče na rast biljaka i degradaciju zemljišta. Zbog navedenog problema, tokom ovog rada, ispitane su agronomske karakteristike dva genotipa Camelina sativa („NS Slatka”; „NS Zlatka”) i dva genotipa Carthamus tinctorius („NS Lana”; „NS Una”), koje ih potencijalno izdvajaju kao tolerantne useve na soni stres. Ispitano je pet tretmana NaCl od 0 mM do 200 mM. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata seme svih ispitivanih genotipova je klijalo pri najvećem tretmanu (200 mM NaCl), međutim pri svim tretmanima zaslanjenosti procenat klijanja se smanjio. Takođe, došlo je do produžavanja korena i smanjenja dužine izdanka klijanaca kod svih ispitivanih genotipova. Korišćeni indeksi tolerancije na soni stres su pokazali značajnost preračunavanja dobijenih biljnih parametara preko matematičkih indeksa, kao i značajnost uporednog pregleda svih indeksa tolerancije na soni stres.

Ovo je hibrid ozime uljane repice (Brassica napus L.) priznat od strane Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srpske.

Rapeseed is a major oilseed crop that has various uses in the food, feed, and industrial sectors. The first condition for successful production and achieving high yields is to provide high-quality seeds, which, in addition to high seed vitality, also implies good seedling protection. The goal is to ensure an optimal number of plants per hectare, which is also a basic prerequisite for achieving high yields. Quality seed treatment has proven to be the best solution for plant protection in the initial stages of development. The seeds were treated with fungicides with the a.i. carboxin + thiram and fluopicolide + fluoxastrobin, as well as an insecticide with a.i. flupyradifuron, and the control was untreated seed. Treatments had a great influence on germination energy, seed germination, number of abnormal seedlings, length and weight of seedlings. The fungicidal fluopicolide + fluoxastrobin treatment had the greatest positive effect on most of the tested parameters, while the carboxin + thiram + flupyradifuron treatment had the greatest negative effect on the seed germination parameter., Uljana repice spade u vodeće uljane biljne vrste u svetu koja se koristi za različite namene u prehrambenom, stočnom i industrijskom sektoru. Prvi uslov za uspješnu proizvodnju i postizanje visokih prinosa je osiguranje kvalitetnog semena, što osim visoke vitalnosti semena podrazumeva i dobru zaštitu klijanaca. Cilj je osigurati optimalan broj biljaka po hektaru, što je ujedno i osnovni preduslov za postizanje visokih prinosa. Kvalitetno tretiranje semena pokazalo se kao najbolje rešenje za zaštitu biljaka u početnim fazama razvoja. U ovom istraživanju seme je tretirano fungicidima sa a.m. karboksin + tiram i fluopikolid + fluoksastrobin, kao i insekticidom sa a.m. flupiradifuron, a kontrola je bilo netretirano sjeme. Tretmani su imali značajan uticaj na energiju klijanja, klijavost semena, broj abnormalnih klijanaca, dužinu i masu klijanaca. Tretman fungicidom fluopikolid + fluoksastrobin imao je najveći pozitivan uticaj na većinu ispitivanih parametara, dok je tretman karboksin + tiram + flupiradifuron imao najveći negativan uticaj na parametar klijavosti semena.

Salinity is one of the greatest challenges of successful agricultural production worldwide. However, seed priming might be efficient practice for enhancing seed germination and initial plant growth and development. This experiment was undertaken with the aim of assessing the impact of different priming methods on seed quality parameters and early growth of garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars under salinity stress. Pea seeds of three different cultivars were primed with water (hydropriming), KNO3 solution (0.5%), and PEG 6000 solution (-0.5 MPa) for 24h in the dark. Unprimed and primed seeds were germinated between filter papers saturated with 120 mM NaCl using the germination test. The results clearly showed that the examined parameters of primed pea seeds were substantially greater than the parameters of unprimed seeds under saline stress. Moreover, seed priming with KNO3 and PEG solutions were more effective in improving seed quality and initial growth in garden peas than hydropriming.

The quality and provenance of seed are of exceptional importance for the production and yield of cultivated plants. There are numerous tests for determination of seed vigour. The seed accelerated ageing test is one of the most important tests that provide determination of the degree of germination preservation and the seed longevity in storages. The aim of this study was to observe the effect of different production methods – organic and conventional – on seed vigour of maize (variety Rumenka), using the seed accelerated ageing test. Maize seeds were exposed to double stress conditions (temperature of 45 °C, air humidity of 100%) for 72h. Maize seed germination was determined by the standard germination test and was expressed as a percentage. The results of vigour of maize seeds organically produced indicated that the application of the seed accelerated ageing test increased the first count (78.5%) in relation to the standard germination test (70.75%), and a significantly higher percentage of nongerminated seeds (10.25%) were recorded. Furthermore, the radicle length decreased (120.75 mm), while the length of the seedling above-ground part (117.13 mm) and fresh weight (4.56 g) increased. In maize seeds conventionally produced, the first count and germination were higher (41.5% and 46.25%, respectively) after the application of the seed accelerated ageing test, while the percentage of nongerminated seeds were higher (38.75%). In addition, the length (105.88 mm) and fresh weight (4.43 g) of the seedling above-ground part decreased, while the values of the radicle length (137.5 mm), fresh weight (2.39 mm) and dry weight (0.28 mm) as well as dry weight of above-ground parts of seedlings (0.31 g) were higher than after the application of the standard laboratory method (127.88 mm, 1.89 g, 0.17 mm and 0.31 g, respectively).

Salt stress affects all phases of rapeseed growth and development, but seed germination and seedling growth are the most sensitive. In our previous studies, we have evaluated effect of salt stress on the germination process of rapeseed in controlled laboratory conditions. We tested eight rapeseed cultivars Banaćanka, Jasna, Kata, Zorica, Slavica, Anna, Ilia and Zlatna under salt stress (100, 150, 200 and 250 mmol/L NaCl). All tested cultivars had a certain level of tolerance to low NaCl treatments, while at higher concentrations significant damage was observed, which was reflected in the reduction of growth and the appearance of necrosis. Banaćanka and Zorica had the highest germination values in all salt stress levels, while Jasna and Zlatna varieties had the highest germination reduction. Between the tested genotypes, obvious differences were observed when analyzing the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and guaiacol peroxidase (SOD, GPx), the amount of non – enzymatic antioxidants reduced glutathione (GSH) and the intensity of lipid peroxidation (LP), both in seedlings shoot and in the root. Induction of SOD activity by different concentrations of NaCl was observed in all examined cultivars. Tolerant varieties showed increased activity of antioxidant enzymes and in regard to this, higher SOD activity was found in cultivars Jasna and Kata. In all examined cultivars, there was a gradual increase in the intensity of LP with a higher concentration of NaCl. Cultivar Banaćanka showed the highest (237.21%) increase at the highest salt stress level, while Kata showed the lowest (147.73%), compared to the control. So far, over 500 drought and/or high-salinity stress-inducible genes were identified in B. napus by using different approaches. Some of the rapeseed genotypes, which have been identified in our study as potential sources of salt and other abiotic stresses tolerance (Banaćanka, Anna, Zorica) are selected for further study of the role of stress-i

The problem of the appearance of abnormal seedlings is often manifested in sunflower seed germination testing. Abnormality is most often caused by a lack of primary root. However, when sown in a field, abnormal seedlings develop into normal yielding plants. The aim of study was to determine whether the seedling type causes a significant decrease in sunflower seeds oil content. The trial was carried out during the two growing seasons, at the Experimental fields of Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops and Zrenjanin Agricultural Advisory Services, according to split-plot model design in three repetitions. A seed lot of hybrid NS-H-111, which had a higher percentage of abnormal seedlings in the preliminary germination test, was selected for the research. Seeds were germinated, and then seedlings were analyzed and separated normal and abnormal. After that, the seedlings were planted into seedling trays first, and when the plants reached the stage of a well-developed first pair of leaves they were planted on the field.

Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz, is a self-pollinated, annual oilseed from the Brassicaceae family, which is gaining interest worldwide due to its frost, heat, and drought tolerance. The aim of this study was to evaluate camelina germination under osmotic stress, and to identify critical soil moisture levels for successful germination establishment. A germination test was set up in controlled conditions, comparing six winter and six spring genotypes with differing seed sizes (ranging from 0.88 to 1.83 g/1000-seeds) under increasing levels of osmotic stress (0, −0.4, −0.8, −1.2, −1.4, −1.6 MPa) that was produced with polyethylene glycol (PEG). The results showed good tolerance of all camelina genotypes to drought at the germination stage. Plants remained unaffected at mild level of osmotic stress (−0.4 MPa) having no significant decrease in germination percentage compared with the control. Even at −1.2 MPa, examined genotypes still had high germination (75%). Significant differences in germination were observed be-tween biotypes, where spring biotypes performed better than winter ones. Shoot and radicle lengths were significantly diminished by imposed osmotic stress, but shoot growth seemed more impacted. In general, spring biotypes had longer shoots and radicles than winter ones. Seed size played a role in the response of camelina to drought, but it depended on biotype and stress level imposed. Camelina confirmed to withstand high levels of drought stress at germination and could be considered as more suitable oil crop than oilseed rape on marginal lands, or areas with irregular precipitation pattern.

Camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] has increased cold, heat, and drought tolerance and decreased susceptibility to diseases and pests than oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Because water deficit at sowing leads to unsatisfactory stand establishment due to irregular seed germination and emergence, the aim of this study was to understand the response of camelina germination under osmotic stress and identify critical soil moisture levels for successful establishment. Two spring cultivars, NS Slatka and NS Zlatka, developed at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops Novi Sad, Serbia, were compared under 9 levels of osmotic stress, ranging from 0 MPa to - 1.6 MPa. Polyethylene glycol was used to obtain the osmotic potential of the solutions. Results showed that the tested cultivars did not decrease germination under mild and medium osmotic stress levels (down to - 0.8 MPa). However, germination significantly decreased in both cultivars under higher levels of osmotic stress, and NS Zlatka was more sensitive. Germination speed significantly increased at - 0.4 MPa. The estimated osmotic potentials to stop germination were - 1.45 MPa for NS Slatka and - 1.46 MPa for NS Zlatka. Time to 50% germination also showed a significant bi-linear trend in response to osmotic potential, but in the opposite direction than the one observed in germination. Inflection points were recorded at - 0.77 MPa for NS Slatka and - 0.78 MPa for NS Zlatka, thereafter time to 50% of germination rapidly increased. This study confirmed that camelina can withstand increased levels of drought stress at germination, so it could be considered a more suitable option than oilseed rape on marginal land, or environments with irregular precipitation.

Salinity affects almost every aspect of the physiology and biochemistry of plants, including the whole plant and at the cellular level. There is a significant variation in salt tolerance within vetch species, providing opportunities for improving salt-stress tolerance using genetic resources. Considering the significance of successful seed germination and seedling emergence for further plant establishment, plant development and achieving high crop yields, the study of the interaction between salt stress and germination is of great importance. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the seed vigour of vetch species (Vicia sativa, V. pannonica), through vigour tests under saline conditions. Germination and vigour were assessed through the standard test, accelerated ageing test and cold test, estimating the germination percentage, root and shoot length, and total fresh and dry matter accumulation, under three levels of salt stress (100 mM, 150 mM,200 mM NaCl). The obtained results of the experiment showed significant differences between the two species in response to salinity stress. Furthermore, a species that has a higher vigour has shown noticeably higher tolerance to stress. After the accelerated ageing test, V pannonica showed significantly lower values in all the tested parameters, at all concentrations of NaCl.

The high content of polyunsaturated and low content of saturated fatty acids gives the oilseed rape seed oil of high nutritional value and a special place in human nutrition. Considering their chemical composition, oily seeds have limited longevity. In the course of aging (both natural and accelerated) there occur changes in the molecule (peroxidation of fatty acids, protein oxidation, activation of nuclease, and DNA damage) that affect both cell membrane and organelles. Seeds of five varieties of oilseed rape were exposed to accelerated ageing (100% relative humidity, 41°C-72h) and seed quality tests of the seed material were performed (mean germination percentage, shoot and root length, shoot and root fresh weight) before and after accelerated ageing treatment. Additionally, lipid composition was determined before and after accelerated ageing. Fatty acid (FA) composition was determined by gas chromatography (Konik HRGC 4000) coupled with a flame ionizing detector, after derivatization to their volatile methylesters (FAME).

The seed vigour can be explained and described as the theoretical capacity of the seed which allows it to accomplish its substantial function under different environmental conditions. The key purpose of testing seed vigour as an underlying physiological seed characteristic is to establish more susceptible and precise seed quality parameters than a germination test. In seeds of oilseed species such as hemp seed (Cannabis sativa), the vigour can be a limiting factor due to the low chemical stability of the lipids compared to starch. The aim of this study was to evaluate the vigour of hemp seed and to make the difference between the tested hemp varieties in terms of vigour capacity. In addition to that, the aim was to identify and standardize the methods for assessing seed vigour and storability of hemp seed. The experimental materials include five varieties of hemp (Helena, Bacalmas, Hu×Uso, Monoica×Uso, Monoica) obtained from the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops.

A study was designed to examine the effects of NaCl, high temperature, high relative humidity and storage on the germination of Brassica napus seeds, both when freshly harvested and after natural and accelerated ageing. After exposure to a combination of stressful conditions, the intensity of lipid peroxidation in the seeds, seedling shoot and roots, and seed germination were measured. A significant decline in germination at all concentrations of NaCl indicates that seeds which have been exposed to accelerated ageing are significantly less able to resist even the lowest levels of salt stress. Moreover, the intensity of lipid peroxidation in the seeds and seedlings examined after a year of storage in uncontrolled conditions was higher compared with tests carried out in the year of seed production.

The most critical aspect of plant survival and reproduction is seed germination. Considering the specificity of the Cannabis sativa production, obtaining high-quality hemp seed is not an easy task. Germination testing is often the most reliable way of assessing viability, but the selection of appropriate methods is complex. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different conditions (i.e. various methods of germination testing) on the successful process of hemp seed germination, achieving maximum germination potential. Our results showed that C. sativa seeds germinated well in different methods, such as between filter papers, top of filter papers and sand, but there were significant differences between the applied methods. This means that the hemp seeds may have different requirements for germination than conditions covered by the Rules recommended methods. Further, the results show that hemp seed may have certain residual dormancy that needs to be investigated in detail., Najkritičnija faza preživljavanja i razmnožavanja biljaka je klijanje semena. S obzirom na specifičnost proizvodnje industrijske konoplje (Cannabis sativa), dobijanje visokokvalitetnog semena konoplje nije jednostavno. Ispitivanje klijavosti je često najpouzdaniji način procene vitalnosti, ali je odabir odgovarajućih metoda složen. Ovo istraživanje je sprovedeno kako bi se procenio efekat različitih uslova tj. različitih metoda testiranja klijavosti, na proces klijanja semena konoplje uz postizanje maksimalnog potencijala za klijanje. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da seme C. sativa dobro klija primenom različitih metoda (između filter papira, na filter papiru, pesak), ali postoje značajne razlike između primenjenih metoda. Ovo praktično znači da seme konoplje može imati zahteve za klijavost različite od onih koje su obuhvaćene preporučenim metodama. Takođe, rezultati pokazuju da kod semena konoplje možda postoji neki vid zaostale dormantnosti što je potrebno dodatno istražiti.