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Metals refer to one of the main and most dangerous groups of water contaminants, so this research aimed to investigate the groundwater of Dois de Abril micro basin creek regarding the presence of metals and the spatial distribution of the elements regarding the underground flow direction. To that end,15 collections were performed in wells in February, March (High Waters – AA) and September 2019 (Low Waters – AB). The samples were analyzed for 14 inorganic chemicals by means of Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). And through the Surfer 8.0 software, the flow direction was obtained using the potentiometric surface of the tubular wells registered in the Groundwater Information System - SIAGAS. Wilcoxon and Spearman tests were applied for the discussion of the results. The averages obtained are within the Maximum Allowed Values – MAV by the national human consumption legislation, but some wells presented high values for aluminum, iron, lead and barium, due to geochemistry and geology of the region, low pH values and the use and occupation of the soil. The trend of the underground flow direction of the municipality contributes to the main river that crosses the city. The flow direction and statistical tests applied were sufficient to discuss the results.

Groundwater is heavily exploited for a variety of uses. Depending on their structure, the wells from which water is extracted can act as an entry point/gateway for a variety of microbiological contaminants, which can cause numerous adverse health effects. This study aimed to identify the microorganisms present in the groundwater in the Western Amazonian city of Porto Velho, using a methodology that can be deployed in other city centers. We collected 74 water samples from both dug and drilled wells in March, August and November 2018. Total coliforms were detected in 96% of dug wells and 74% of drilled wells. Thermotolerant coliforms were found in 90% of dug wells and 61% of drilled wells. Biochemical identification indicated 15 genera of bacteria. The genera Escherichia, Enterobacter, Cronobacter and Citrobacter had the highest prevalence. The genera Pseudomonas and Enterococcus were also detected. Thermotolerant coliforms showed higher values when the water flow was higher. Our results indicate high fecal contamination and higher susceptibility to contaminants in shallow wells compared to deep wells. These findings reflect the precariousness of WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) services and the importance of effective actions to combat groundwater degradation, improve the quality of the environment, and protect public health.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical, chemical and microbiological groundwater parameters as well as the mapping of groundwater flow in an urban area of Presidente Médici county in Rondônia State, Southern Amazon. The water samples were collected in 11 wells in April and June of 2017, which corresponds to the dry season in the studied region. Groundwater was acidic, with a large range of nutrients concentration, low turbidity and presence of fecal coliforms in most sampled wells. The parameters that were in disagreement with Consolidation Ordinance No 05/2017/MS and CONAMA no 396/08 Resolution, were pH, turbidity, total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and nitrate. Regarding the microbiological parameter, most of the sampling sites were in disagreement with the established by the legislation that it recommends to be absent in 100mL, when it is destined for human consumption. Densities found were higher than 112,000UFC/100mL for total coliforms and higher than 56,000UFC/100mL for Escherichia coli. The pH ranged from 4.1 to 6.4, and the turbidity showed a maximum value of 6.7 uT. The nitrate concentrations were above the established level (10 mg.L-1) in April in 72.7%, and in June 50% of the wells, with a maximum of 48.5 mg.L-1. The study of the direction of the underground flow demonstrated the predominance of the flow towards the nearest river, as well as potential contributors of microbiological influences. The results indicate contamination of the groundwater by domestic sewage, being proved by the presence of coliforms and nitrate, being the water unfit for human consumption without adequate treatment.

Groundwater quality can be affected by many factors. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of groundwater and map the flow direction, to identify possible sources of contamination in the districts of Nova Londrina and Nova Colina (Ji-Paraná, Rondônia). Water samples were collected in September 2015 and February 2016 in 20 wells in Nova Londrina and in December 2016 and April 2017 in 15 wells in Nova Colina. The turbidity, pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were measured in loco. The microbiological parameters were determined by the membrane filtration method in a chromogenic medium, and the total dissolved solids (TDS) were measured by the gravimetric method. The nutrients ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, dissolved phosphorus and total phosphorus were ascertained by the spectrophotometric method and the underground flow was obtained by applying the Surfer 8.0 software. Through principal component analysis (PCA) it was possible to detect that the TDS, total coliforms, pH and EC had important contributions to formation of the groundwater axes in Nova Londrina, while the variables EC, nitrate and well and cesspit depths contributed in Nova Colina. The groundwater flow did not differ among the months studied, and was mainly in the northwest-southeast direction in Nova Londrina and from the southeast to other regions in Nova Colina.

Water resource management in Brazil is constantly evolving, and greater knowledge about this resource allows better planning and more sustainable uses. In Brazil, the improvement of water resource management faces the difficulty of implementing the instruments of the National Water Resources Policy, such as classification of water bodies. Thus, to help improve the water management instruments in the country's northern region, the objective of the present study was to diagnose the influence of land use and occupation on the water quality of the Igarapé Nazaré microbasin. For this purpose, indirect methods of landscape analysis were applied based on the processing of remote sensing images in a GIS. For the water quality analysis, 10 collection points were selected in the watershed, with samples collected at each one in four periods (high water; HW/LW transition; low water; LW/HW transition). In the collected samples, 14 parameters were analyzed, namely: temperature, pH, electrical conductivity; turbidity; water transparency and depth; dissolved oxygen; chlorophyll a, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, total phosphorus and dissolved phosphorus; total coliforms and E. coli. The spatial analysis showed that the microbasin has about 84 % anthropized territory, with emphasis on agriculture, and sources of pollution from industries, fish farming and domestic sewage. Parameter analyses showed high values of total phosphorus (0.005–27.55 mg.L−1), total coliforms (4,103–1,09,106 CFU) and E. coli (0–5.8,105 CFU), and low DO concentration (0.0–8.33 mg.L−1), below the official limit established in all periods analyzed The water quality of the Igarapé Nazaré microbasin was found to suffer strong anthropic interference, requiring improvement of the sanitary infrastructure of city of Ji-Paraná, for maintenance of the watershed in class 2.

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a qualidade da água subterrânea do aquífero livre na microbacia do igarapé Nazaré (Ji-Paraná-RO), por meio de análises físico-químicas e microbiológicas. Foram realizadas 4 coletas de amostras de água em 15 poços rasos nos meses de (março, junho, setembro e dezembro de 2019). Os parâmetros condutividade elétrica, temperatura e o pH foram determinadas in loco por meio de sonda multiparâmetros. A turbidez e os sólidos totais dissolvidos foram determinados no laboratório com sondas especificas. O oxigênio dissolvido foi determinado pelo método titulométrico, a alcalinidade total foi obtida por titulação potenciométrica. As análises dos nutrientes foram realizadas por métodos espectrofotométricos, e as análises microbiológicas realizadas conforme o método de membrana filtrante em meio cromogênico. De acordo com os Valores Máximos Permitidos estabelecidos pela Portaria de Consolidação n° 5/2017 do Ministério da Saúde e com a Resolução do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente CONAMA n° 396/2008, estiveram em desconformidade com tais legislações os coliformes totais, Escherichia coli, pH, turbidez e o nitrato. A análise de componentes principais não evidenciou diferença entre os períodos avaliados. Os resultados indicaram que a água dos poços encontra-se fora do padrão de potabilidade permitido para o consumo, podendo apresentar riscos à saúde humana.

Melhorar o gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos no Brasil é fundamental para um bom desenvolvimento social, ambiental e econômico. Assim, os instrumentos de gestão como o enquadramento dos corpos d’água visam colaborar com a manutenção da qualidade desse recurso. Visando melhorar a gestão do recurso hídrico na região Norte brasileira, objetivou-se nesse trabalho levantar informações da etapa de diagnóstico para o enquadramento do Igarapé Nazaré, localizado no Estado de Rondônia, gerando subsídios para o enquadramento. Para alcançar os objetivos aplicou-se métodos indiretos de análise da paisagem a partir do processamento de imagens de sensoriamento remoto em um SIG, e também métodos diretos como visitas periódicas na microbacia. Através dos resultados, foi possível identificar o processo histórico do uso e ocupação da microbacia chegando a 2019 com 84% do seu território antropizado, sendo seu principal uso a pecuária ocupando 69% da área. Identificou-se grandes fontes de poluição pontuais como indústrias frigorificas (5) e o crescimento da piscicultura na última década (205 sistemas identificados) que pode estar lançando grandes cargas de nutrientes através dos efluentes gerados. Em conjunto, observou-se um crescimento constante do ambiente urbano na microbacia (10,5%/2019) durante todos os anos analisados, gerando uma maior carga de efluente doméstico sobre a bacia.