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1. Intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of shape variation in the albatross compound bill

Author

Joshua Tyler, David P. Hocking, and Jane L. Younger

Subjects
bill, albatross, allometry, diet, morphospace, Science
Abstract

Albatross are the largest seabirds on Earth and have a suite of adaptations for their pelagic lifestyle. Rather than having a bill made of a single piece of keratin, Procellariiformes have a compound rhamphotheca, made of several joined plates. Drivers of the shape of the albatross bill have not been explored. Here we use three-dimensional scans of 61 upper bills from 12 species of albatross to understand whether intrinsic (species assignment & size) or extrinsic (diet) factors predict bill shape. Diet is a significant predictor of bill shape with coarse dietary categories providing higher R2 values than dietary proportion data. We also find that of the intrinsic factors, species assignment accounts for ten times more of the variation than size (72% versus 6.8%) and that there is a common allometric vector of shape change between all species. When considering species averages in a phylogenetic framework, there are significant Blomberg's K results for both shape and size (K = 0.29 & 1.10) with the first axis of variation having a much higher K value (K = 1.9), reflecting the split in shape at the root of the tree. The influence of size on bill shape is limited, with species assignment and diet predicting far more of the variation. The results show that both intrinsic and extrinsic factors are needed to understand morphological evolution.

Published
2023
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2. Evolution of the bovid cranium: morphological diversification under allometric constraint

Author

Faysal Bibi and Joshua Tyler

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Bibi and Tyler analyse the morphometric variation in the skulls of 96 species across Bovidae, using 3D geometric morphometrics and ecological variables. They show that ecological variables alone appear to have little connection to shape disparity in bovid skulls, instead discovering a deeply conserved association between size and shape that is linked to dietary selection.

Published
2022
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3. Morphometric and genetic evidence for four species of gentoo penguin

Author

Joshua Tyler, Matthew T. Bonfitto, Gemma V. Clucas, Sushma Reddy, and Jane L. Younger

Subjects
Antarctica, integrative taxonomy, new species, Pygoscelis, Southern Ocean, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Abstract Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) are found across the Southern Ocean with a circumpolar distribution and notable genetic and morphological variation across their geographic range. Whether this geographic variation represents species‐level diversity has yet to be investigated in an integrative taxonomic framework. Here, we show that four distinct populations of gentoo penguins (Iles Kerguelen, Falkland Islands, South Georgia, and South Shetlands/Western Antarctic Peninsula) are genetically and morphologically distinct from one another. We present here a revised taxonomic treatment including formal nomenclatural changes. We suggest the designation of four species of gentoo penguin: P. papua in the Falkland Islands, P. ellsworthi in the South Shetland Islands/Western Antarctic Peninsula, P. taeniata in Iles Kerguelen, and a new gentoo species P. poncetii, described herein, in South Georgia. These findings of cryptic diversity add to many other such findings across the avian tree of life in recent years. Our results further highlight the importance of reassessing species boundaries as methodological advances are made, particularly for taxa of conservation concern. We recommend reassessment by the IUCN of each species, particularly P. taeniata and P. poncetii, which both show evidence of decline.

Published
2020
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4. The Sixteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release from the APOGEE-2 Southern Survey and Full Release of eBOSS Spectra

Author

Ahumada, Romina, Prieto, Carlos Allende, Almeida, Andres, Anders, Friedrich, Anderson, Scott F., Andrews, Brett H., Anguiano, Borja, Arcodia, Riccardo, Armengaud, Eric, Aubert, Marie, Avila, Santiago, Avila-Reese, Vladimir, Badenes, Carles, Balland, Christophe, Barger, Kat, Barrera-Ballesteros, Jorge K., Basu, Sarbani, Bautista, Julian, Beaton, Rachael L., Beers, Timothy C., Benavides, B. Izamar T., Bender, Chad F., Bernardi, Mariangela, Bershady, Matthew, Beutler, Florian, Bidin, Christian Moni, Bird, Jonathan, Bizyaev, Dmitry, Blanc, Guillermo A., Blanton, Michael R., Boquien, Mederic, Borissova, Jura, Bovy, Jo, Brandt, W. N., Brinkmann, Jonathan, Brownstein, Joel R., Bundy, Kevin, Bureau, Martin, Burgasser, Adam, Burtin, Etienne, Cano-Diaz, Mariana, Capasso, Raffaella, Cappellari, Michele, Carrera, Ricardo, Chabanier, Solene, Chaplin, William, Chapman, Michael, Cherinka, Brian, Chiappini, Cristina, Choi, Peter Doohyun, Chojnowski, S. Drew, Chung, Haeun, Clerc, Nicolas, Coffey, Damien, Comerford, Julia M., Comparat, Johan, da Costa, Luiz, Cousinou, Marie-Claude, Covey, Kevin, Crane, Jeffrey D., Cunha, Katia, Ilha, Gabriele da Silva, Dai, Yu Sophia, Damsted, Sanna B., Darling, Jeremy, Davidson Jr., James W., Davies, Roger, Dawson, Kyle, De, Nikhil, de la Macorra, Axel, De Lee, Nathan, Queiroz, Anna Barbara de Andrade, Machado, Alice Deconto, de la Torre, Sylvain, Dell'Agli, Flavia, Bourboux, Helion du Mas des, Diamond-Stanic, Aleksandar M., Dillon, Sean, Donor, John, Drory, Niv, Duckworth, Chris, Dwelly, Tom, Ebelke, Garrett, Eftekharzadeh, Sarah, Eigenbrot, Arthur Davis, Elsworth, Yvonne P., Eracleous, Mike, Erfanianfar, Ghazaleh, Escoffier, Stephanie, Fan, Xiaohui, Farr, Emily, Fernandez-Trincado, Jose G., Feuillet, Diane, Finoguenov, Alexis, Fofie, Patricia, Fraser-McKelvie, Amelia, Frinchaboy, Peter M., Fromenteau, Sebastien, Fu, Hai, Galbany, Lluis, Garcia, Rafael A., Garcia-Hernandez, D. A., Oehmichen, Luis Alberto Garma, Ge, Junqiang, Maia, Marcio Antonio Geimba, Geisler, Doug, Gelfand, Joseph, Goddy, Julian, Goff, Jean-Marc Le, Gonzalez-Perez, Violeta, Grabowski, Kathleen, Green, Paul, Grier, Catherine J., Guo, Hong, Guy, Julien, Harding, Paul, Hasselquist, Sten, Hawken, Adam James, Hayes, Christian R., Hearty, Fred, Hekker, S., Hogg, David W., Holtzman, Jon, Horta, Danny, Hou, Jiamin, Hsieh, Bau-Ching, Huber, Daniel, Hunt, Jason A. S., Chitham, J. Ider, Imig, Julie, Jaber, Mariana, Angel, Camilo Eduardo Jimenez, Johnson, Jennifer A., Jones, Amy M., Jonsson, Henrik, Jullo, Eric, Kim, Yerim, Kinemuchi, Karen, Kirkpatrick IV, Charles C., Kite, George W., Klaene, Mark, Kneib, Jean-Paul, Kollmeier, Juna A., Kong, Hui, Kounkel, Marina, Krishnarao, Dhanesh, Lacerna, Ivan, Lan, Ting-Wen, Lane, Richard R., Law, David R., Leung, Henry W., Lewis, Hannah, Li, Cheng, Lian, Jianhui, Lin, Lihwai, Long, Dan, Longa-Pena, Penelope, Lundgren, Britt, Lyke, Brad W., Mackereth, J. Ted, MacLeod, Chelsea L., Majewski, Steven R., Manchado, Arturo, Maraston, Claudia, Martini, Paul, Masseron, Thomas, Masters, Karen L., Mathur, Savita, McDermid, Richard M., Merloni, Andrea, Merrifield, Michael, Meszaros, Szabolcs, Miglio, Andrea, Minniti, Dante, Minsley, Rebecca, Miyaji, Takamitsu, Mohammad, Faizan Gohar, Mosser, Benoit, Mueller, Eva-Maria, Muna, Demitri, Munoz-Gutierrez, Andrea, Myers, Adam D., Nadathur, Seshadri, Nair, Preethi, Nandra, Kirpal, Nascimento, Janaina Correa do, Nevin, Rebecca Jean, Newman, Jeffrey A., Nidever, David L., Nitschelm, Christian, Noterdaeme, Pasquier, O'Connell, Julia E., Olmstead, Matthew D, Oravetz, Daniel, Oravetz, Audrey, Osorio, Yeisson, Pace, Zachary J., Padilla, Nelson, Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie, Palicio, Pedro A., Pan, Hsi-An, Pan, Kaike, Parker, James, Paviot, Romain, Peirani, Sebastien, Ramrez, Karla Pena, Penny, Samantha, Percival, Will J., Perez-Fournon, Ismael, Perez-Rafols, Ignasi, Petitjean, Patrick, Pieri, Matthew M., Pinsonneault, Marc, Poovelil, Vijith Jacob, Povick, Joshua Tyler, Prakash, Abhishek, Price-Whelan, Adrian M., Raddick, M. Jordan, Raichoor, Anand, Ray, Amy, Rembold, Sandro Barboza, Rezaie, Mehdi, Riffel, Rogemar A., Riffel, Rogerio, Rix, Hans-Walter, Robin, Annie C., Roman-Lopes, A., Roman-Zuniga, Carlos, Rose, Benjamin, Ross, Ashley J., Rossi, Graziano, Rowlands, Kate, Rubin, Kate H. R., Salvato, Mara, Sanchez, Ariel G., Sanchez-Menguiano, Laura, Sanchez-Gallego, Jose R., Sayres, Conor, Schaefer, Adam, Schiavon, Ricardo P., Schimoia, Jaderson S., Schlafly, Edward, Schlegel, David, Schneider, Donald P., Schultheis, Mathias, Schwope, Axel, Seo, Hee-Jong, Serenelli, Aldo, Shafieloo, Arman, Shamsi, Shoaib Jamal, Shao, Zhengyi, Shen, Shiyin, Shetrone, Matthew, Shirley, Raphael, Aguirre, Victor Silva, Simon, Joshua D., Skrutskie, M. F., Slosar, Anze, Smethurst, Rebecca, Sobeck, Jennifer, Sodi, Bernardo Cervantes, Souto, Diogo, Stark, David V., Stassun, Keivan G., Steinmetz, Matthias, Stello, Dennis, Stermer, Julianna, Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa, Streblyanska, Alina, Stringfellow, Guy S., Stutz, Amelia, Suarez, Genaro, Sun, Jing, Taghizadeh-Popp, Manuchehr, Talbot, Michael S., Tayar, Jamie, Thakar, Aniruddha R., Theriault, Riley, Thomas, Daniel, Thomas, Zak C., Tinker, Jeremy, Tojeiro, Rita, Toledo, Hector Hernandez, Tremonti, Christy A., Troup, Nicholas W., Tuttle, Sarah, Unda-Sanzana, Eduardo, Valentini, Marica, Vargas-Gonzalez, Jaime, Vargas-Magana, Mariana, Vazquez-Mata, Jose Antonio, Vivek, M., Wake, David, Wang, Yuting, Weaver, Benjamin Alan, Weijmans, Anne-Marie, Wild, Vivienne, Wilson, John C., Wilson, Robert F., Wolthuis, Nathan, Wood-Vasey, W. M., Yan, Renbin, Yang, Meng, Yeche, Christophe, Zamora, Olga, Zarrouk, Pauline, Zasowski, Gail, Zhang, Kai, Zhao, Cheng, Zhao, Gongbo, Zheng, Zheng, Zhu, Guangtun, and Zou, Hu

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

This paper documents the sixteenth data release (DR16) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys; the fourth and penultimate from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). This is the first release of data from the southern hemisphere survey of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2); new data from APOGEE-2 North are also included. DR16 is also notable as the final data release for the main cosmological program of the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), and all raw and reduced spectra from that project are released here. DR16 also includes all the data from the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS) and new data from the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Survey (SPIDERS) programs, both of which were co-observed on eBOSS plates. DR16 has no new data from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey (or the MaNGA Stellar Library "MaStar"). We also preview future SDSS-V operations (due to start in 2020), and summarize plans for the final SDSS-IV data release (DR17)., Comment: DR16 release: Monday Dec 9th 2019. This is the alphabetical order SDSS-IV collaboration data release paper. 25 pages, 6 figures, accepted by ApJS on 11th May 2020. Minor changes clarify or improve text and figures relative to v1

Published
2019
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6. Classification of a Family of Free Bogoliubov Actions of R on L(F∞) up to Cocycle Conjugacy

Author

Keneda, Joshua Tyler

Subjects
Mathematics, cocycle conjugacy, free Bogoliubov actions, von Neumann algebras
Abstract

Much of the research into operator algebras concerns the classification problem for von Neumann algebras, where one hopes to find useful invariants to categorize von Neumann algebras up to isomorphism. Murray and von Neumann initiated the study of these objects and reduced the classification problem to that of classifying the so-called factors. And while Type I factors are fully understood, the Type II and Type III cases are still active areas of research. Relatedly, one can attempt to classify group actions on von Neumann algebras up to a suitable notion of equivalence, for example unitary or cocycle conjugacy. The aim of this dissertation is to classify a family of free Bogoliubov actions of R on the Type II1 free group factor L(F∞) up to cocycle conjugacy. We consider a certain collection C of measure classes on R, corresponding to the spectral measure classes of the infinitesimal generators for orthogonal representations α:R→ O(H), with H separable and infinite-dimensional. Such representations give rise to a free Bogoliubov action σα of R on L(F∞) and an associated von Neumann algebra: the crossed product L(F∞)oσαR. Note that the cocycle conjugacy of two actions gives an isomorphism between their crossed product von Neumann algebras. We show that our family of free Bogoliubov actions are completely classified up to cocycle conjugacy by their associated spectral measure class [α]∈C.Our main technical tool for this result mirrors a recent result of Houdayer, Shlyakhtenko,and Vaes and relates the equality of the spectral measure classes [α],[β] to the embeddability(in the sense of Popa’s intertwining-by-bimodules) of the group algebra Lα(R) into Lβ(R)inside of their shared crossed product M'L(F∞)oσαR'L(F∞)oσβR. By restricting to representationsαofRwhich act trivially on a large subspace of H,we force Lα(R) to have large (non-amenable) relative commutant in L(F∞)oσαR. This allows us to use solidity arguments and a rigidity result of Houdayer and Ueda to “trap” Lα(R) inside ofLβ(R) within the crossed product (i.e.Lα(R)MLβ(R)). Applying the technical tool of the previous paragraph, we obtain that [α] = [β], which establishes the desired cocycle conjugacy invariant.

Published
2019

9. Morphometric and genetic evidence for four species of gentoo penguin

Author

Matthew T. Bonfitto, Gemma V. Clucas, Jane L. Younger, Sushma Reddy, and Joshua Tyler

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Tree of life (biology), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Peninsula, IUCN Red List, Southern Ocean, QH540-549.5, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, integrative taxonomy, 030304 developmental biology, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Original Research, Shetland, new species, 0303 health sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, biology, Circumpolar star, biology.organism_classification, Pygoscelis, Taxon, Antarctica, Pygoscelis papua
Abstract

Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) are found across the Southern Ocean with a circumpolar distribution and notable genetic and morphological variation across their geographic range. Whether this geographic variation represents species‐level diversity has yet to be investigated in an integrative taxonomic framework. Here, we show that four distinct populations of gentoo penguins (Iles Kerguelen, Falkland Islands, South Georgia, and South Shetlands/Western Antarctic Peninsula) are genetically and morphologically distinct from one another. We present here a revised taxonomic treatment including formal nomenclatural changes. We suggest the designation of four species of gentoo penguin: P. papua in the Falkland Islands, P. ellsworthi in the South Shetland Islands/Western Antarctic Peninsula, P. taeniata in Iles Kerguelen, and a new gentoo species P. poncetii, described herein, in South Georgia. These findings of cryptic diversity add to many other such findings across the avian tree of life in recent years. Our results further highlight the importance of reassessing species boundaries as methodological advances are made, particularly for taxa of conservation concern. We recommend reassessment by the IUCN of each species, particularly P. taeniata and P. poncetii, which both show evidence of decline., Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) are found across the Southern Ocean with a circumpolar distribution and notable genetic and morphological variation across their geographic range. Here, we show that four distinct populations of gentoo penguins (Iles Kerguelen, Falkland Islands, South Georgia, and South Shetlands/Western Antarctic Peninsula) are genetically and morphologically distinct from one another. We suggest the designation of four species of gentoo penguin: P. ellsworthi in the South Shetland Islands/Western Antarctic Peninsula, P. taeniata in Iles Kerguelen, and P. poncetii in South Georgia with the Falkland Islands retaining P. papua.

Published
2020

11. The 16th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys : First Release from the APOGEE-2 Southern Survey and Full Release of eBOSS Spectra

Author

Romina Ahumada, Carlos Allende Prieto, Andrés Almeida, Friedrich Anders, Scott F. Anderson, Brett H. Andrews, Borja Anguiano, Riccardo Arcodia, Eric Armengaud, Marie Aubert, Santiago Avila, Vladimir Avila-Reese, Carles Badenes, Christophe Balland, Kat Barger, Jorge K. Barrera-Ballesteros, Sarbani Basu, Julian Bautista, Rachael L. Beaton, Timothy C. Beers, B. Izamar T. Benavides, Chad F. Bender, Mariangela Bernardi, Matthew Bershady, Florian Beutler, Christian Moni Bidin, Jonathan Bird, Dmitry Bizyaev, Guillermo A. Blanc, Michael R. Blanton, Médéric Boquien, Jura Borissova, Jo Bovy, W. N. Brandt, Jonathan Brinkmann, Joel R. Brownstein, Kevin Bundy, Martin Bureau, Adam Burgasser, Etienne Burtin, Mariana Cano-Díaz, Raffaella Capasso, Michele Cappellari, Ricardo Carrera, Solène Chabanier, William Chaplin, Michael Chapman, Brian Cherinka, Cristina Chiappini, Peter Doohyun Choi, S. Drew Chojnowski, Haeun Chung, Nicolas Clerc, Damien Coffey, Julia M. Comerford, Johan Comparat, Luiz da Costa, Marie-Claude Cousinou, Kevin Covey, Jeffrey D. Crane, Katia Cunha, Gabriele da Silva Ilha, Yu Sophia Dai, Sanna B. Damsted, Jeremy Darling, James W. Davidson, Roger Davies, Kyle Dawson, Nikhil De, Axel de la Macorra, Nathan De Lee, Anna Bárbara de Andrade Queiroz, Alice Deconto Machado, Sylvain de la Torre, Flavia Dell’Agli, Hélion du Mas des Bourboux, Aleksandar M. Diamond-Stanic, Sean Dillon, John Donor, Niv Drory, Chris Duckworth, Tom Dwelly, Garrett Ebelke, Sarah Eftekharzadeh, Arthur Davis Eigenbrot, Yvonne P. Elsworth, Mike Eracleous, Ghazaleh Erfanianfar, Stephanie Escoffier, Xiaohui Fan, Emily Farr, José G. Fernández-Trincado, Diane Feuillet, Alexis Finoguenov, Patricia Fofie, Amelia Fraser-McKelvie, Peter M. Frinchaboy, Sebastien Fromenteau, Hai Fu, Lluís Galbany, Rafael A. Garcia, D. A. García-Hernández, Luis Alberto Garma Oehmichen, Junqiang Ge, Marcio Antonio Geimba Maia, Doug Geisler, Joseph Gelfand, Julian Goddy, Violeta Gonzalez-Perez, Kathleen Grabowski, Paul Green, Catherine J. Grier, Hong Guo, Julien Guy, Paul Harding, Sten Hasselquist, Adam James Hawken, Christian R. Hayes, Fred Hearty, S. Hekker, David W. Hogg, Jon A. Holtzman, Danny Horta, Jiamin Hou, Bau-Ching Hsieh, Daniel Huber, Jason A. S. Hunt, J. Ider Chitham, Julie Imig, Mariana Jaber, Camilo Eduardo Jimenez Angel, Jennifer A. Johnson, Amy M. Jones, Henrik Jönsson, Eric Jullo, Yerim Kim, Karen Kinemuchi, Charles C. Kirkpatrick IV, George W. Kite, Mark Klaene, Jean-Paul Kneib, Juna A. Kollmeier, Hui Kong, Marina Kounkel, Dhanesh Krishnarao, Ivan Lacerna, Ting-Wen Lan, Richard R. Lane, David R. Law, Jean-Marc Le Goff, Henry W. Leung, Hannah Lewis, Cheng Li, Jianhui Lian, Lihwai Lin, Dan Long, Penélope Longa-Peña, Britt Lundgren, Brad W. Lyke, J. Ted Mackereth, Chelsea L. MacLeod, Steven R. Majewski, Arturo Manchado, Claudia Maraston, Paul Martini, Thomas Masseron, Karen L. Masters, Savita Mathur, Richard M. McDermid, Andrea Merloni, Michael Merrifield, Szabolcs Mészáros, Andrea Miglio, Dante Minniti, Rebecca Minsley, Takamitsu Miyaji, Faizan Gohar Mohammad, Benoit Mosser, Eva-Maria Mueller, Demitri Muna, Andrea Muñoz-Gutiérrez, Adam D. Myers, Seshadri Nadathur, Preethi Nair, Kirpal Nandra, Janaina Correa do Nascimento, Rebecca Jean Nevin, Jeffrey A. Newman, David L. Nidever, Christian Nitschelm, Pasquier Noterdaeme, Julia E. O’Connell, Matthew D. Olmstead, Daniel Oravetz, Audrey Oravetz, Yeisson Osorio, Zachary J. Pace, Nelson Padilla, Nathalie Palanque-Delabrouille, Pedro A. Palicio, Hsi-An Pan, Kaike Pan, James Parker, Romain Paviot, Sebastien Peirani, Karla Peña Ramŕez, Samantha Penny, Will J. Percival, Ismael Perez-Fournon, Ignasi Pérez-Ràfols, Patrick Petitjean, Matthew M. Pieri, Marc Pinsonneault, Vijith Jacob Poovelil, Joshua Tyler Povick, Abhishek Prakash, Adrian M. Price-Whelan, M. Jordan Raddick, Anand Raichoor, Amy Ray, Sandro Barboza Rembold, Mehdi Rezaie, Rogemar A. Riffel, Rogério Riffel, Hans-Walter Rix, Annie C. Robin, A. Roman-Lopes, Carlos Román-Zúñiga, Benjamin Rose, Ashley J. Ross, Graziano Rossi, Kate Rowlands, Kate H. R. Rubin, Mara Salvato, Ariel G. Sánchez, Laura Sánchez-Menguiano, José R. Sánchez-Gallego, Conor Sayres, Adam Schaefer, Ricardo P. Schiavon, Jaderson S. Schimoia, Edward Schlafly, David Schlegel, Donald P. Schneider, Mathias Schultheis, Axel Schwope, Hee-Jong Seo, Aldo Serenelli, Arman Shafieloo, Shoaib Jamal Shamsi, Zhengyi Shao, Shiyin Shen, Matthew Shetrone, Raphael Shirley, Víctor Silva Aguirre, Joshua D. Simon, M. F. Skrutskie, Anže Slosar, Rebecca Smethurst, Jennifer Sobeck, Bernardo Cervantes Sodi, Diogo Souto, David V. Stark, Keivan G. Stassun, Matthias Steinmetz, Dennis Stello, Julianna Stermer, Thaisa Storchi-Bergmann, Alina Streblyanska, Guy S. Stringfellow, Amelia Stutz, Genaro Suárez, Jing Sun, Manuchehr Taghizadeh-Popp, Michael S. Talbot, Jamie Tayar, Aniruddha R. Thakar, Riley Theriault, Daniel Thomas, Zak C. Thomas, Jeremy Tinker, Rita Tojeiro, Hector Hernandez Toledo, Christy A. Tremonti, Nicholas W. Troup, Sarah Tuttle, Eduardo Unda-Sanzana, Marica Valentini, Jaime Vargas-González, Mariana Vargas-Magaña, Jose Antonio Vázquez-Mata, M. Vivek, David Wake, Yuting Wang, Benjamin Alan Weaver, Anne-Marie Weijmans, Vivienne Wild, John C. Wilson, Robert F. Wilson, Nathan Wolthuis, W. M. Wood-Vasey, Renbin Yan, Meng Yang, Christophe Yèche, Olga Zamora, Pauline Zarrouk, Gail Zasowski, Kai Zhang, Cheng Zhao, Gongbo Zhao, Zheng Zheng, Guangtun Zhu, Hu Zou, Department of Physics, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Department of Astrophysical Sciences [Princeton], Princeton University, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Department of Astronomy, Yale University [New Haven], University of Notre Dame [Indiana] (UND), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Philadelphia], University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], University of Wisconsin-Madison, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Texas Tech University [Lubbock] (TTU), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Sub-department of Astrophysics [Oxford], Department of Physics [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford]-University of Oxford [Oxford], Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences [La Jolla] (CASS), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Department of Psychology, St John's University, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departamento de FisicaTeorica e IFT-UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Lowell Observatory [Flagstaff], Observatorio Nacional [Rio de Janeiro], Vernalis (R&D) Ltd, Special Care Dentistry, UCLH Eastman Dental Hospital, University of Utah, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), University of Virginia [Charlottesville], University of Wyoming (UW), School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), Texas Christian University (TCU), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Irvine], University of California [Irvine] (UCI), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Pittsburgh], University of Pittsburgh (PITT), Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - 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A. 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spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of Oxford, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS 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Chaplin W., Chapman M., Cherinka B., Chiappini C., Doohyun Choi P., Chojnowski S.D., Chung H., Clerc N., Coffey D., Comerford J.M., Comparat J., Da Costa L., Cousinou M.-C., Covey K., Crane J.D., Cunha K., Ilha G.D.S., Dai Y.S., Damsted S.B., Darling J., Davidson J.W., Davies R., Dawson K., De N., De La Macorra A., De Lee N., Queiroz A.B.D.A., Deconto Machado A., De La Torre S., Dell'Agli F., Du Mas Des Bourboux H., Diamond-Stanic A.M., Dillon S., Donor J., Drory N., Duckworth C., Dwelly T., Ebelke G., Eftekharzadeh S., Davis Eigenbrot A., Elsworth Y.P., Eracleous M., Erfanianfar G., Escoffier S., Fan X., Farr E., Fernandez-Trincado J.G., Feuillet D., Finoguenov A., Fofie P., Fraser-Mckelvie A., Frinchaboy P.M., Fromenteau S., Fu H., Galbany L., Garcia R.A., Garcia-Hernandez D.A., Oehmichen L.A.G., Ge J., Maia M.A.G., Geisler D., Gelfand J., Goddy J., Gonzalez-Perez V., Grabowski K., Green P., Grier C.J., Guo H., Guy J., Harding P., Hasselquist S., Hawken A.J., Hayes C.R., Hearty F., Hekker S., Hogg D.W., Holtzman J.A., Horta D., Hou J., Hsieh B.-C., Huber D., Hunt J.A.S., Chitham J.I., Imig J., Jaber M., Angel C.E.J., Johnson J.A., Jones A.M., Jonsson H., Jullo E., Kim Y., Kinemuchi K., Kirkpatrick Iv C.C., Kite G.W., Klaene M., Kneib J.-P., Kollmeier J.A., Kong H., Kounkel M., Krishnarao D., Lacerna I., Lan T.-W., Lane R.R., Law D.R., Le Goff J.-M., Leung H.W., Lewis H., Li C., Lian J., Lin L., Long D., Longa-Peña P., Lundgren B., Lyke B.W., Ted Mackereth J., Macleod C.L., Majewski S.R., Manchado A., Maraston C., Martini P., Masseron T., Masters K.L., Mathur S., McDermid R.M., Merloni A., Merrifield M., Meszaros S., Miglio A., Minniti D., Minsley R., Miyaji T., Mohammad F.G., Mosser B., Mueller E.-M., Muna D., Muñoz-Gutierrez A., Myers A.D., Nadathur S., Nair P., Nandra K., Do Nascimento J.C., Nevin R.J., Newman J.A., Nidever D.L., Nitschelm C., Noterdaeme P., O'Connell J.E., Olmstead M.D., Oravetz D., Oravetz A., Osorio Y., Pace Z.J., Padilla N., Palanque-Delabrouille N., Palicio P.A., Pan H.-A., Pan K., Parker J., Paviot R., Peirani S., Ramrez K.P., Penny S., Percival W.J., Perez-Fournon I., Perez-Rafols I., Petitjean P., Pieri M.M., Pinsonneault M., Poovelil V.J., Povick J.T., Prakash A., Price-Whelan A.M., Raddick M.J., Raichoor A., Ray A., Rembold S.B., Rezaie M., Riffel R.A., Riffel R., Rix H.-W., Robin A.C., Roman-Lopes A., Roman-Zuñiga C., Rose B., Ross A.J., Rossi G., Rowlands K., Rubin K.H.R., Salvato M., Sanchez A.G., Sanchez-Menguiano L., Sanchez-Gallego J.R., Sayres C., Schaefer A., Schiavon R.P., Schimoia J.S., Schlafly E., Schlegel D., Schneider D.P., Schultheis M., Schwope A., Seo H.-J., Serenelli A., Shafieloo A., Shamsi S.J., Shao Z., Shen S., Shetrone M., Shirley R., Aguirre V.S., Simon J.D., Skrutskie M.F., Slosar A., Smethurst R., Sobeck J., Sodi B.C., Souto D., Stark D.V., Stassun K.G., Steinmetz M., Stello D., Stermer J., Storchi-Bergmann T., Streblyanska A., Stringfellow G.S., Stutz A., Suarez G., Sun J., Taghizadeh-Popp M., Talbot M.S., Tayar J., Thakar A.R., Theriault R., Thomas D., Thomas Z.C., Tinker J., Tojeiro R., Toledo H.H., Tremonti C.A., Troup N.W., Tuttle S., Unda-Sanzana E., Valentini M., Vargas-Gonzalez J., Vargas-Magaña M., Vazquez-Mata J.A., Vivek M., Wake D., Wang Y., Weaver B.A., Weijmans A.-M., Wild V., Wilson J.C., Wilson R.F., Wolthuis N., Wood-Vasey W.M., Yan R., Yang M., Yeche C., Zamora O., Zarrouk P., Zasowski G., Zhang K., Zhao C., Zhao G., Zheng Z., Zhu G., Zou H., Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, and Department of Energy (US)

Subjects
Optical telescopes, SAMPLE, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi, Infrared astronomy, Observatory, Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, REDSHIFT 0.8, redshift surveys, stellar spectral lines, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Astronomy databases, Redshift surveys, Physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, stellar properties, CATALOG, astro-ph.CO, astronomy databases, Data release, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], infrared astonomy, TELESCOPE, astro-ph.GA, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, MASS, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Galactic abundances, Stellar properties, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, DISTANCES, Stellar spectral lines, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, optical telescopes, 115 Astronomy, Space science, Galaxy, GALAXY, [PHYS.ASTR.GA]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], STELLAR, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], galactic abundances, MILKY, astro-ph.IM, SDSS-IV MANGA
Abstract

This paper documents the 16th data release (DR16) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), the fourth and penultimate from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). This is the first release of data from the Southern Hemisphere survey of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2); new data from APOGEE-2 North are also included. DR16 is also notable as the final data release for the main cosmological program of the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), and all raw and reduced spectra from that project are released here. DR16 also includes all the data from the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey and new data from the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Survey programs, both of which were co-observed on eBOSS plates. DR16 has no new data from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey (or the MaNGA Stellar Library "MaStar"). We also preview future SDSS-V operations (due to start in 2020), and summarize plans for the final SDSS-IV data release (DR17)., Funding for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, and the Participating Institutions. SDSS-IV acknowledges support and resources from the Center for High-Performance Computing at the University of Utah. The SDSS website is www.sdss.org.

Published
2020
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14. The 16th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release from the APOGEE-2 Southern Survey and Full Release of eBOSS Spectra

Author

Ahumada, Romina, primary, Prieto, Carlos Allende, additional, Almeida, Andrés, additional, Anders, Friedrich, additional, Anderson, Scott F., additional, Andrews, Brett H., additional, Anguiano, Borja, additional, Arcodia, Riccardo, additional, Armengaud, Eric, additional, Aubert, Marie, additional, Avila, Santiago, additional, Avila-Reese, Vladimir, additional, Badenes, Carles, additional, Balland, Christophe, additional, Barger, Kat, additional, Barrera-Ballesteros, Jorge K., additional, Basu, Sarbani, additional, Bautista, Julian, additional, Beaton, Rachael L., additional, Beers, Timothy C., additional, Benavides, B. Izamar T., additional, Bender, Chad F., additional, Bernardi, Mariangela, additional, Bershady, Matthew, additional, Beutler, Florian, additional, Bidin, Christian Moni, additional, Bird, Jonathan, additional, Bizyaev, Dmitry, additional, Blanc, Guillermo A., additional, Blanton, Michael R., additional, Boquien, Médéric, additional, Borissova, Jura, additional, Bovy, Jo, additional, Brandt, W. N., additional, Brinkmann, Jonathan, additional, Brownstein, Joel R., additional, Bundy, Kevin, additional, Bureau, Martin, additional, Burgasser, Adam, additional, Burtin, Etienne, additional, Cano-Díaz, Mariana, additional, Capasso, Raffaella, additional, Cappellari, Michele, additional, Carrera, Ricardo, additional, Chabanier, Solène, additional, Chaplin, William, additional, Chapman, Michael, additional, Cherinka, Brian, additional, Chiappini, Cristina, additional, Doohyun Choi, Peter, additional, Chojnowski, S. Drew, additional, Chung, Haeun, additional, Clerc, Nicolas, additional, Coffey, Damien, additional, Comerford, Julia M., additional, Comparat, Johan, additional, da Costa, Luiz, additional, Cousinou, Marie-Claude, additional, Covey, Kevin, additional, Crane, Jeffrey D., additional, Cunha, Katia, additional, Ilha, Gabriele da Silva, additional, Dai, Yu Sophia, additional, Damsted, Sanna B., additional, Darling, Jeremy, additional, Davidson, James W., additional, Davies, Roger, additional, Dawson, Kyle, additional, De, Nikhil, additional, de la Macorra, Axel, additional, De Lee, Nathan, additional, Queiroz, Anna Bárbara de Andrade, additional, Deconto Machado, Alice, additional, de la Torre, Sylvain, additional, Dell’Agli, Flavia, additional, du Mas des Bourboux, Hélion, additional, Diamond-Stanic, Aleksandar M., additional, Dillon, Sean, additional, Donor, John, additional, Drory, Niv, additional, Duckworth, Chris, additional, Dwelly, Tom, additional, Ebelke, Garrett, additional, Eftekharzadeh, Sarah, additional, Davis Eigenbrot, Arthur, additional, Elsworth, Yvonne P., additional, Eracleous, Mike, additional, Erfanianfar, Ghazaleh, additional, Escoffier, Stephanie, additional, Fan, Xiaohui, additional, Farr, Emily, additional, Fernández-Trincado, José G., additional, Feuillet, Diane, additional, Finoguenov, Alexis, additional, Fofie, Patricia, additional, Fraser-McKelvie, Amelia, additional, Frinchaboy, Peter M., additional, Fromenteau, Sebastien, additional, Fu, Hai, additional, Galbany, Lluís, additional, Garcia, Rafael A., additional, García-Hernández, D. A., additional, Oehmichen, Luis Alberto Garma, additional, Ge, Junqiang, additional, Maia, Marcio Antonio Geimba, additional, Geisler, Doug, additional, Gelfand, Joseph, additional, Goddy, Julian, additional, Gonzalez-Perez, Violeta, additional, Grabowski, Kathleen, additional, Green, Paul, additional, Grier, Catherine J., additional, Guo, Hong, additional, Guy, Julien, additional, Harding, Paul, additional, Hasselquist, Sten, additional, Hawken, Adam James, additional, Hayes, Christian R., additional, Hearty, Fred, additional, Hekker, S., additional, Hogg, David W., additional, Holtzman, Jon A., additional, Horta, Danny, additional, Hou, Jiamin, additional, Hsieh, Bau-Ching, additional, Huber, Daniel, additional, Hunt, Jason A. S., additional, Chitham, J. Ider, additional, Imig, Julie, additional, Jaber, Mariana, additional, Angel, Camilo Eduardo Jimenez, additional, Johnson, Jennifer A., additional, Jones, Amy M., additional, Jönsson, Henrik, additional, Jullo, Eric, additional, Kim, Yerim, additional, Kinemuchi, Karen, additional, Kirkpatrick IV, Charles C., additional, Kite, George W., additional, Klaene, Mark, additional, Kneib, Jean-Paul, additional, Kollmeier, Juna A., additional, Kong, Hui, additional, Kounkel, Marina, additional, Krishnarao, Dhanesh, additional, Lacerna, Ivan, additional, Lan, Ting-Wen, additional, Lane, Richard R., additional, Law, David R., additional, Le Goff, Jean-Marc, additional, Leung, Henry W., additional, Lewis, Hannah, additional, Li, Cheng, additional, Lian, Jianhui, additional, Lin, Lihwai, additional, Long, Dan, additional, Longa-Peña, Penélope, additional, Lundgren, Britt, additional, Lyke, Brad W., additional, Ted Mackereth, J., additional, MacLeod, Chelsea L., additional, Majewski, Steven R., additional, Manchado, Arturo, additional, Maraston, Claudia, additional, Martini, Paul, additional, Masseron, Thomas, additional, Masters, Karen L., additional, Mathur, Savita, additional, McDermid, Richard M., additional, Merloni, Andrea, additional, Merrifield, Michael, additional, Mészáros, Szabolcs, additional, Miglio, Andrea, additional, Minniti, Dante, additional, Minsley, Rebecca, additional, Miyaji, Takamitsu, additional, Mohammad, Faizan Gohar, additional, Mosser, Benoit, additional, Mueller, Eva-Maria, additional, Muna, Demitri, additional, Muñoz-Gutiérrez, Andrea, additional, Myers, Adam D., additional, Nadathur, Seshadri, additional, Nair, Preethi, additional, Nandra, Kirpal, additional, do Nascimento, Janaina Correa, additional, Nevin, Rebecca Jean, additional, Newman, Jeffrey A., additional, Nidever, David L., additional, Nitschelm, Christian, additional, Noterdaeme, Pasquier, additional, O’Connell, Julia E., additional, Olmstead, Matthew D., additional, Oravetz, Daniel, additional, Oravetz, Audrey, additional, Osorio, Yeisson, additional, Pace, Zachary J., additional, Padilla, Nelson, additional, Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie, additional, Palicio, Pedro A., additional, Pan, Hsi-An, additional, Pan, Kaike, additional, Parker, James, additional, Paviot, Romain, additional, Peirani, Sebastien, additional, Ramŕez, Karla Peña, additional, Penny, Samantha, additional, Percival, Will J., additional, Perez-Fournon, Ismael, additional, Pérez-Ràfols, Ignasi, additional, Petitjean, Patrick, additional, Pieri, Matthew M., additional, Pinsonneault, Marc, additional, Poovelil, Vijith Jacob, additional, Povick, Joshua Tyler, additional, Prakash, Abhishek, additional, Price-Whelan, Adrian M., additional, Raddick, M. Jordan, additional, Raichoor, Anand, additional, Ray, Amy, additional, Rembold, Sandro Barboza, additional, Rezaie, Mehdi, additional, Riffel, Rogemar A., additional, Riffel, Rogério, additional, Rix, Hans-Walter, additional, Robin, Annie C., additional, Roman-Lopes, A., additional, Román-Zúñiga, Carlos, additional, Rose, Benjamin, additional, Ross, Ashley J., additional, Rossi, Graziano, additional, Rowlands, Kate, additional, Rubin, Kate H. R., additional, Salvato, Mara, additional, Sánchez, Ariel G., additional, Sánchez-Menguiano, Laura, additional, Sánchez-Gallego, José R., additional, Sayres, Conor, additional, Schaefer, Adam, additional, Schiavon, Ricardo P., additional, Schimoia, Jaderson S., additional, Schlafly, Edward, additional, Schlegel, David, additional, Schneider, Donald P., additional, Schultheis, Mathias, additional, Schwope, Axel, additional, Seo, Hee-Jong, additional, Serenelli, Aldo, additional, Shafieloo, Arman, additional, Shamsi, Shoaib Jamal, additional, Shao, Zhengyi, additional, Shen, Shiyin, additional, Shetrone, Matthew, additional, Shirley, Raphael, additional, Aguirre, Víctor Silva, additional, Simon, Joshua D., additional, Skrutskie, M. F., additional, Slosar, Anže, additional, Smethurst, Rebecca, additional, Sobeck, Jennifer, additional, Sodi, Bernardo Cervantes, additional, Souto, Diogo, additional, Stark, David V., additional, Stassun, Keivan G., additional, Steinmetz, Matthias, additional, Stello, Dennis, additional, Stermer, Julianna, additional, Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa, additional, Streblyanska, Alina, additional, Stringfellow, Guy S., additional, Stutz, Amelia, additional, Suárez, Genaro, additional, Sun, Jing, additional, Taghizadeh-Popp, Manuchehr, additional, Talbot, Michael S., additional, Tayar, Jamie, additional, Thakar, Aniruddha R., additional, Theriault, Riley, additional, Thomas, Daniel, additional, Thomas, Zak C., additional, Tinker, Jeremy, additional, Tojeiro, Rita, additional, Toledo, Hector Hernandez, additional, Tremonti, Christy A., additional, Troup, Nicholas W., additional, Tuttle, Sarah, additional, Unda-Sanzana, Eduardo, additional, Valentini, Marica, additional, Vargas-González, Jaime, additional, Vargas-Magaña, Mariana, additional, Vázquez-Mata, Jose Antonio, additional, Vivek, M., additional, Wake, David, additional, Wang, Yuting, additional, Weaver, Benjamin Alan, additional, Weijmans, Anne-Marie, additional, Wild, Vivienne, additional, Wilson, John C., additional, Wilson, Robert F., additional, Wolthuis, Nathan, additional, Wood-Vasey, W. M., additional, Yan, Renbin, additional, Yang, Meng, additional, Yèche, Christophe, additional, Zamora, Olga, additional, Zarrouk, Pauline, additional, Zasowski, Gail, additional, Zhang, Kai, additional, Zhao, Cheng, additional, Zhao, Gongbo, additional, Zheng, Zheng, additional, Zhu, Guangtun, additional, and Zou, Hu, additional

Published
2020
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15. Interference in complex quantum systems : from localization in high-dimensional lattices to surface spin echo with molecules

Author

Cantin, Joshua Tyler

Abstract

This thesis considers (1) novel manifestations and applications of quantum interference in complex systems and (2) development of new approaches to study complex quantum systems. First, I examine a general model of particles with long-range hopping amplitudes. For at least 30 years, it has been widely accepted that these particles do not undergo Anderson localization in 3D lattices. We show that these particles do undergo Anderson localization in 3D lattices if their hopping amplitudes are isotropic. In contrast, particles with anisotropic long-range hopping appear to follow the widely held expectations. We show these results by demonstrating that cooperative shielding extends to 3D cubic lattices with isotropic long-range hopping, but not with anisotropic long-range hopping and by computing the scaling behaviour of participation ratios and energy level statistics. Secondly, I develop a fully quantum mechanical model of molecular surface spin-echo experiments, which study surface properties and dynamics by scattering molecules off the sample surface. This model, based on the transfer matrix method, incorporates molecular hyperfine degrees of freedom, allows for the efficient calculation of the experimental signal given a molecule-surface scattering matrix, and permits us to begin addressing the inverse scattering problem. This fully quantum model is required to properly describe these experiments as the semi-classical methods used to describe experiments using helium-3 atoms do not take magnetic-field induced momentum changes into account. We apply our method to the case of ortho-hydrogen and then apply Bayesian optimization to determine the molecule-surface scattering matrix elements from a calculated signal, for a scattering matrix defined by three parameters. Our work sets the stage for Bayesian optimization to solve the inverse scattering problem for these experiments. Finally, I propose using Bayesian model calibration to improve the convergence of Monte Carlo calculations in regions where the sign problem or critical slowing down are an issue. Specifically, Bayesian model calibration would correct poorly converged Monte Carlo calculations with the information from a small number of well-converged Monte Carlo calculations. As a simple proof of principle demonstration, we apply Bayesian model calibration to a diagrammatic Monte Carlo calculation of the scattering length of a spherical potential barrier.

Published
2019
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16. Structural Models of Fe/Mn Active Sites in Heterodinuclear Metalloproteins

Author

Goheen, Joshua Tyler, Goheen, Joshua Tyler, Goheen, Joshua Tyler, and Goheen, Joshua Tyler

Subjects
Metal complexes., Metalloproteins., Ligands Synthesis., Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy., Metalloproteins, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Complexes métalliques., Métalloprotéines., Ligands Synthèse., Spectroscopie de la résonance magnétique nucléaire., Ligands Synthesis., Metal complexes., Metalloproteins., Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Published
2016

18. Evaluation of Mechanical Scraper System Finishing Barn for Solid-Liquid Separation

Author

Joshua Tyler Brown, Teng Teeh Lim, Christine Costello, and Joseph M. Zulovich

Subjects
Manure management, law, Nutrient management, Liquid manure, Environmental science, Separator (oil production), Pulp and paper industry, Reverse osmosis, Manure, Filtration, Barn (unit), law.invention
Abstract

Laboratory and field tests were conducted to evaluate efficacy and practicality of an alternative swine finishing barn design, making use of a mechanical scraper manure separator system. The objective of the experiment was to evaluate performance in manure management, considering factors including solid-liquid separation characteristics for nutrient management and air quality. This research also incorporated testing the level of pretreatment and filtration for the liquid manure to be repurposed, as well as potential economic and environmental impacts. Waterproof pressure loggers were used to monitor the level of separated liquid manure in a collection pit. Volume of the separated solid manure was also monitored, along with barn inventory and feed consumption. The daily liquid manure production ranged from 103 to 7737 gallons, and averaged 1188 gallons. The weekly solid manure production ranged from 711 to 2820 gallons, and averaged 1721 gallons. Important nutrient contents and pH values were analyzed for the monthly liquid and solid manure samples. Ammonia concentrations measured at the wall and pit fans were relatively low compared with a deep-pit barn, ranging from 0.2 to 6 ppm. Liquid manure was filtered through various membrane processes, including reverse osmosis using a bench-scale cross-flow membrane system. The preliminary filtration results indicate that the pH values change significantly through the filtration stages, and the reverse osmosis process was time and energy intensive. Additional sampling and tests are being conducted to better characterize the economic impact, manure separation and filtration efficacy, and practicality of the manure separator system.

Published
2017
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19. Building Great Software Engineering Teams : Recruiting, Hiring, and Managing Your Team From Startup to Success

Author

Joshua Tyler and Joshua Tyler

Subjects
Computer programmers--Employment, Computer programmers--Vocational guidance, Software engineering--Management, Computer software industry--Management, Software engineering, Computer programming--Vocational guidance
Abstract

WINNER of Computing Reviews 20th Annual Best Review in the category Management “Tyler's book is concise, reasonable, and full of interesting practices, including some curious ones you might consider adopting yourself if you become a software engineering manager.” —Fernando Berzal, CR, 10/23/2015 “Josh Tyler crafts a concise, no-nonsense, intensely focused guide for building the workhouse of Silicon Valley—the high-functioning software team.” —Gordon Rios, Summer Book Recommendations from the Smartest People We Know—Summer 2016Building Great Software Engineering Teams provides engineering leaders, startup founders, and CTOs concrete, industry-proven guidance and techniques for recruiting, hiring, and managing software engineers in a fast-paced, competitive environment.With so much at stake, the challenge of scaling up a team can be intimidating. Engineering leaders in growing companies of all sizes need to know how to find great candidates, create effective interviewing and hiring processes, bring out the best in people and their work, provide meaningful career development, learn to spot warning signs in their team, and manage their people for long-term success.Author Josh Tyler has spent nearly a decade building teams in high-growth startups, experimenting with every aspect of the task to see what works best. He draws on this experience to outline specific, detailed solutions augmented by instructive stories from his own experience. In this book you'll learn how to build your team, starting with your first hire and continuing through the stages of development as you manage your team for growth and success. Organized to cover each step of the process in the order you'll likely face them, and highlighted by stories of success and failure, it provides an easy-to-understand recipe for creating your high-powered engineering team.

Published
2015

21. The mindful tutor : rhetorical listening in writing center work

Author

Anderson, Joshua Tyler, NC DOCKS at Western Carolina University, Anderson, Joshua Tyler, and NC DOCKS at Western Carolina University

Abstract

This work explores the role rhetorical listening plays in writing center praxis. Currentscholarship on listening in writing center pedagogy has yet to examine this essentialtutoring practice. The author argues that Krista Ratcliffe’s rhetorical listening offers thetheoretical framework that will allow writing centers to fulfill their pedagogical goal ofempowering students. Exploring examples from his own tutoring experiences andpublished tutoring narratives, the author shows how Ratcliffe’s rhetorical listeningexpands tutoring praxis to better meet the needs of tutees. Rhetorical listening movestutors into a sense of awareness concerning the complex experiences each tutee bringsinto a session. Recognizing this complexity, tutors work from a perspective that focuseson student need rather than institutional concern.

Published
2016

22. The Mystery of the Cosmic Diffuse Ultraviolet Background Radiation

Author

James Overduin, Jayant Murthy, Richard C. Henry, and Joshua Tyler

Subjects
Physics, education.field_of_study, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, Population, Cosmic background radiation, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Galactic plane, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Lyman limit, Interstellar medium, Stars, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, education, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Cosmic dust
Abstract

The diffuse cosmic background radiation in the GALEX far ultraviolet (FUV, 1300 \AA\ - 1700 \AA) is deduced to originate only partially in the dust-scattered radiation of FUV-emitting stars: the source of a substantial fraction of the FUV background radiation remains a mystery. The radiation is remarkably uniform at both far northern and far southern Galactic latitudes, and it increases toward lower Galactic latitudes at all Galactic longitudes. We examine speculation that it might be due to interaction of the dark matter with the nuclei of the interstellar medium but we are unable to point to a plausible mechanism for an effective interaction. We also explore the possibility that we are seeing radiation from bright FUV-emitting stars scattering from a "second population" of interstellar grains---grains that are small compared with FUV wavelengths. Such grains are known to exist (Draine 2011) and they scatter with very high albedo, with an isotropic scattering pattern. However, comparison with the observed distribution (deduced from their $100\ \mu$m emission) of grains at high Galactic latitudes shows no correlation between the grains' location and the observed FUV emission. Our modeling of the FUV scattering by small grains also shows that there must be remarkably few such "smaller" grains at high Galactic latitudes, both North and South; this likely means simply that there is very little interstellar dust of any kind at the Galactic poles, in agreement with Perry & Johnston (1982). We also review our limited knowledge of the cosmic diffuse background at ultraviolet wavelengths shortward of Lyman $\alpha$---it could be that our "second component" of the diffuse far-ultraviolet background persists shortward of the Lyman limit, and is the cause of the re-ionization of the Universe (Kollmeier et al. 2014)., Comment: 73 pages, 31 figures, ApJ accepted

Published
2014

23. Dams, Roads, and Bridges: (Re)defining Work and Masculinity in American Indian Literature of the Great Plains, 1968-Present

Author

Anderson, Joshua Tyler

Subjects
Masculinity, English Language and Literature, Literature in English, North America, Ethnic and Cultural Minority, American Indian, Indigenous Studies, American Literature, Working-class, American Studies
Abstract

In the study of contemporary American Indian literature, the definition of work and the characterization of Native and non-native laborers—farmers, ranchers, lawmen, smugglers, Indian Affairs agents, academics, activists, "traditionalists," tour guides, artists, among others—are rarely the lenses that scholars use to interpret the texts. Instead, issues of class and labor often take a backseat to those of cultural survivance and traditional and/or "mix-blood" identity, resistance to historical and ongoing acts of colonialism, reassertion of treaty rights and cultural practices, and reclamation of land and cultural artifacts. However, although the canon of contemporary Native literatures warrants close attention to these issues, the time has come to reexamine American Indian novels, short stories, and poetry published since the Native American Renaissance of the 1960s and '70s in order to begin a more nuanced discussion of how work and masculinity are defined and expressed in Indian Country, especially in sites where the types of work available challenge and/or complicate "traditional" definitions and expressions of wealth and masculinity. By re-reading American Indian literature of the Great Plains and emphasizing the roles of work, class, and masculinity in texts by influential, yet understudied authors such as D'Arcy McNickle, Carter Revard, and Thomas King, this project offers opportunities for reframing and reimagining contemporary, real-life obstacles faced by Native workers and Native communities: such as the Lakota bid to take over operation of Badlands National Park in South Dakota, the Confederated Salish and Kootenai bid to take over operation rights of Kerr Dam near the Flathead Reservation in Montana, and the struggles for sovereignty faced by Native nations such as the Three Affiliated Tribes in western North Dakota, who are embroiled in heated debates regarding the economic promise and ecological degradation of the oil boom on the Bakken Range. In this way, this project does not place literature in a vacuum, but rather, engages the social, cultural and economic questions that remain as prevalent for understanding the present and, perhaps, for predicting the future, as they are for understanding the past. Moreover, the discussion of dams, roads, and bridges—both as literal structures that present opportunities and obstacles for Native workers and as metaphors for the distance between Native and Euroamerican conceptions of work and wealth—is timely and politically significant given the renewed national emphasis on rebuilding structures such as roads and bridges with programs such as "Fix It First" and "Highways for LIFE" that seek to boost a struggling economy by reinforcing the infrastructure.

Published
2013

25. H. I. E

Author

Joshua Tyler Bonnema Williams

Subjects
Traditional medicine, business.industry, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Medicine, business
Published
2013
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27. High-Temperature Fiber Optic Sensing Development and Deployment into an Optical Fiber Based Gamma Thermometer

Author

Jones, Joshua Tyler

Subjects
Nuclear Engineering, Optics, Radiation, Energy, Experiments, OFBGT, Gamma Thermometer, Nuclear Reactor, Sensor, Research, Sapphire, Optical Fiber, MCNP, Nuclear, Monte Carlo
Abstract

This thesis focuses on the redesign of an Optical Fiber Based Gamma Thermometer (OFBGT) for the high temperature and high radiation conditions that would be experienced in a power reactor. In support of this redesign effort, both silica and single crystal sapphire based optical fiber sensors have been developed for high temperature applications. Monte Carlo radiation transport and thermal analyses have also been performed to understand how the sensors would behave in a reactor environment.The work in this dissertation characterized the performance of SMF-28 Ultra fibers up to 1000 ℃, ~350 ℃ past their normal limit, by leveraging a new technique for post-processing of optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) results. Due to the expanded temperature range, these common fibers are now able to be used in the OFBGT for applications in even the highest operating temperature reactors. For temperatures in excess of 1000 ℃, this work has also developed the internal cladding process used to make OFDR sensing possible in single crystal sapphire fibers. This work has shown that there is light that escapes the core of the fiber and propagates within the cladding. It is demonstrated that improved behavior can be achieved when this clad propagating light is addressed properly, either by suppressing it at the injection point of the fiber, or by removing it along the length of the fiber. Sapphire fibers properly set up with an internal cladding have been demonstrated capable of measuring temperatures up to 1500 ℃.The radiation modeling of the OFBGTs has found two key interrelated behaviors that must be considered. First, there are delayed gamma sources from fission and non-fission activation, which result in the OFBGT temperature difference increasing to about double its original predicted value over time. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that the specific increase due to these delayed gamma sources across the core are not equal, as delayed gamma sources are not as energetic as the prompt sources. These time and space changes in the OFBGT response are responsible for errors that are observed in the practical application of the data analytics methodology, which was devised to extract core power from an array of OFBGTs. Incorporating the lessons learned from prior development efforts with the OFBGT, as well as a detailed review of the geometry and materials used, a new design of the sensor has been devised. This new design utilizes a zirconia thermal mass, with a zircaloy outer sheath. The benefits of the design include stability in the higher power, higher temperature conditions, faster response time, better ability to handle non-uniform boundary temperature and power inputs, and a more uniform behavior across a wide range of temperatures. This new design is able to incorporate the outer sheath fiber inside the outer sheath, as well as being able to have fins or other texture to aid in cooling, when necessary. It has been shown that the sensitivity of the OFBGT designs can be tuned to specific applications by changing the gas-gap composition.

Published
2022

29. Creatine Kinase Responses To Two Stair-stepping Tests

Author

Patricia A. Deuster, Julia A. Freedman, Joshua Tyler, Jamie A. Cooper, Christopher M. Prior, Shawn F. Kane, and Nader Rabie

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, biology, business.industry, Internal medicine, medicine, biology.protein, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Creatine kinase, business
Published
2005
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30. The Bodies Belong to No One: Missing and Murdered Indigenous Men in Literature and Law, 1934-2010

Author

Anderson, Joshua Tyler, Anderson

Subjects
American Literature, American Studies, Film Studies, Gender Studies, Legal Studies, Native American Studies, Native American literature, federal Indian policy, missing and murdered Indigenous peoples, subsurface sovereignties, NAGPRA, Tribal Law and Order Act, Osage Oil Murders, Repatriation, Hollywood Indian
Abstract

In “The Bodies Belong to No One,” I contend that the legal concept corpus nullius in bonis, which restricts the property and personhood rights of the dead, has broader implications in the intersections between twentieth and twenty-first century Native American literatures and federal Indian policy. Specifically, I argue that the literal and legislative acts of violence against Indigenous men in the U.S. from 1934 to 2010 intersect with broader geopolitical acts of Indigenous displacement and dispossession. These interconnected processes rely on what I call “settler hermeneutics,” or the literary and policymaking strategies that seek to affirm settler rights to occupation by setting term limits on “authentic” Indigenous manhood and the scripting of Native masculinities into destinies of cultural death and political dispossession. Set between the Osage Oil murders in the 1920s, which became the FBI’s first major crimes case, and the Tribal Law and Order Act (2010), my work explores how Native American authors re-construct the literary, political, and legal histories of violence in pursuit of Indigenous forms of justice. Developing “subsurface” methodologies, I argue that Native writers offer strategies for reconnecting the juridical surfaces in contemporary Indian Country to much deeper histories of violence in novels that unsettle the settler narratives of progress and belonging. Specifically, I argue that these Native writers reconstruct a much deeper history of missing and murdered Indigenous men, which intersects with the historical and ongoing violence against Indigenous women and Two Spirit peoples across gendered, geopolitical, and generational lines.

Published
2018

31. Hydrogen storage capacity of tetrahydrofuran and tetra-n-butylammonium bromide hydrates at favorable thermodynamic conditions

Author

Weissman, Joshua Tyler Ramos

Subjects
hydrogen storage capacity, tetrahydrofuran, tetra-n-butylammonium bromide, hydrates
Abstract

An exploratory investigation was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of employing binary hydrates as a medium for H2 storage. Two reagents, tetrahydrofuran, (THF) and tetra-n-butylammonium bromide (TBAB), which had been reported previously to have potential to form binary hydrates with H2 at favorable conditions (i.e., low pressures and high temperatures), were investigated. A scale-up facility was employed to quantify the hydrogen storage capacity of THF binary hydrate. Gas chromatograph (GC) and pressure drop analyses indicated that the weight percentages of H2 in hydrate were less than 0.1%. This is well below the current USDOE target of 5.5 wt. % for transportation applications. To summarize, the major conclusions of this investigation are: H2 can be stored in binary hydrates at relatively modest pressures and temperatures which are probably feasible for transportation applications. The storage capacity of H2 in binary hydrate formed from aqueous solutions of THF over a concentration range extending from 2.78 to 8.34 mol % and at temperatures above 263 K and pressures below 11 MPa was < 0.1 wt. %. Under-saturated solutions of THF appeared to have the highest H2 storage capacity.

Published
2014

32. Highway to the Danger Zone: The Effect of Foreign Intervention on Political Stability

Author

Counselman, Joshua Tyler

Subjects
International Relations, Political Science, Political Instability, Foreign Intervention, Intervention, Military, Economic, Foreign Aid, Protests
Abstract

The past literature focuses on the effect of third-party intervention on the duration of civil wars. These studies, however, do not examine the effect of intervention before civil wars begin. In an attempt to better understand how different methods of intervention affect political stability, I examine five different methods: economic, indirect military, direct military, peacekeepers and NGOs. I argue that economic intervention and peacekeepers are more likely to increase political stability, while indirect, direct and NGOs are likely to decrease political stability. Using an OLS analysis, I examine the relationship between the five different methods of intervention and political stability from 1960 to 2000. Economic and indirect military interventions are found not to affect political stability.

Published
2014

33. Ownership Structure and Monitoring around Secondary Offerings

Author

White, Joshua Tyler

Subjects
Secondary Offerings, Blockholders, Monitoring, Underpricing, Designated Directors, Seasoned Equity Offering, Corporate Finance
Abstract

Secondary offerings represent a unique setting to examine investors’ perception of the value of monitoring intensity around changes in block ownership. I find blockholders present at 97% of firms with a secondary offering over 1998-2006. These blockholders participate in 87% of secondary offerings and offer the majority of secondary shares in 75% of these offerings. Using a unique, hand-collected dataset of ownership structure, I empirically test two hypotheses explaining secondary offering announcement returns and underpricing based on seller heterogeneities: the information hypothesis and the monitoring hypothesis. The results largely support the monitoring hypothesis. Secondary offerings by close, active monitors who frequently have significant board representation experience higher underpricing and more negative announcement returns than passive, indirect monitoring blockholders. I also find greater underpricing and more negative announcement returns for close monitors than insiders, and no evidence of increased near-term earnings misses. I interpret these results as the first evidence that markets view secondary offerings by close monitors as reductions in the shared benefits of value-enhancing monitoring rather than the conveyance of negative information about future profits. I find scarce evidence that stockholders negatively view the loss of a passive blockholder. I also provide some evidence that announcement returns for secondary offerings by close monitors cannot solely be explained by a temporary liquidity shock.

Published
2012

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