Author: "Joshua Kim" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"Joshua Kim"' showing total 249 results

Start Over Author "Joshua Kim"

249 results on '"Joshua Kim"'

1. Google Trends Analysis of Otologic Symptom Searches Following COVID-19

Author: Joshua Kim, Karen Tawk, Jonathan Kim, Hamid Djalilian, and Mehdi Abouzari
Subjects: google trends, pandemic, search interest, otologic symptoms, search trends, Otorhinolaryngology, RF1-547
Abstract: Introduction:COVID-19 infection was accompanied by otologic symptoms, a pattern that was captured early by Google Trends. The objective of this study is to investigate searches for otologic symptoms and identify correlations with the pandemic onset.Materials and Methods:Search interest for otologic symptoms was gathered using Google Trends from two years before and two years following the pandemic start date. A two-tailed Mann-Whitney U test was used to identify significant changes and effect size.Results:In total, search interest for 14 terms was collected, with significant changes identified in 11. Six terms showed increased search interest, with the most significant rises observed for headache (r=0.589, p
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

2. Association of Internal and External Motion Based on Cine MR Images Acquired During Real-Time Treatment on MRI–Guided Linear Accelerator for Patients With Lung Cancer

Author: Weihua Mao, PhD, Joshua Kim, PhD, and Indrin J. Chetty, PhD
Subjects: Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: Purpose: With the recent clinical implementation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided linear accelerators, a large number of real-time planar MR images has been acquired during lung cancer treatment as a standard of care. In this study, associations among lung tumor, diaphragm, and external skin movement were studied based on MR cine imaging during the entire duration of each treatment fraction. Methods and Materials: This retrospective study used 181,798 planar MRI frames acquired over 55 treatment/imaging sessions of 13 patients with lung cancer treated on 2 MRI-guided linear accelerators. From each planar MR image frame, in-house software automatically extracted 9 features: the superior-interior (SI) and posterior-anterior (PA) positions of a lung tumor; the area of the lung (Lung_Area); the posterior (Dia_Post), dome/apex (Dia_Dome), and anterior (Dia_Ant) points of a diaphragmatic curve; the diaphragm curve point (Dia_Max); and the chest (Chest) and belly (Belly) skin points experienced the maximum range of motions. Correlation analyses were performed among the 9 features for every session. Lung tumor motion range and standard deviations were calculated based on positions obtained in cine images and compared with motion ranges obtained from 4-dimensional computed tomography images. Results: In the study, 177,009 frames of images were successfully analyzed. For all patients, correlation coefficients were as follows: 0.91 ± 0.10 between any 2 features among Lung_Area, Dia_Post, Dia_Dome, and Dia_Max; 0.82 ± 0.21 between SI and any feature among Lung_Area, Dia_Post, Dia_Dome, and Dia_Max; 0.75 ± 0.24 between SI and Belly. Six of 13 patients were considered large amplitude motion (patients with lung tumor SI motion standard deviation >5 mm). Furthermore, 92,956 frames of images were analyzed for the 6 large-amplitude motion patients. For this set, correlation coefficients were 0.93 ± 0.07 between any 2 features among Lung_Area, Dia_Post, Dia_Dome, and Dia_Max; 0.94 ± 0.06 between SI and any feature among Lung_Area, Dia_Post, Dia_Dome, and Dia_Max; and 0.90 ± 0.09 between SI and Belly. Conclusions: Both belly and diaphragmatic motions as assessed by cine MRI are highly correlated with large amplitude lung tumor motion in the longitudinal axis.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

3. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Cosmology from Cross-correlations of unWISE Galaxies and ACT DR6 CMB Lensing

Author: Gerrit S. Farren, Alex Krolewski, Niall MacCrann, Simone Ferraro, Irene Abril-Cabezas, Rui An, Zachary Atkins, Nicholas Battaglia, J. Richard Bond, Erminia Calabrese, Steve K. Choi, Omar Darwish, Mark J. Devlin, Adriaan J. Duivenvoorden, Jo Dunkley, J. Colin Hill, Matt Hilton, Kevin M. Huffenberger, Joshua Kim, Thibaut Louis, Mathew S. Madhavacheril, Gabriela A. Marques, Jeff McMahon, Kavilan Moodley, Lyman A. Page, Bruce Partridge, Frank J. Qu, Emmanuel Schaan, Neelima Sehgal, Blake D. Sherwin, Cristóbal Sifón, Suzanne T. Staggs, Alexander Van Engelen, Cristian Vargas, Lukas Wenzl, Martin White, and Edward J. Wollack
Subjects: Observational cosmology, Sigma8, Cosmological parameters from large-scale structure, Cosmic microwave background radiation, Weak gravitational lensing, Large-scale structure of the universe, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: We present tomographic measurements of structure growth using cross-correlations of Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) DR6 and Planck cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing maps with the unWISE Blue and Green galaxy samples, which span the redshift ranges 0.2 ≲ z ≲ 1.1 and 0.3 ≲ z ≲ 1.8, respectively. We improve on prior unWISE cross-correlations not just by making use of the new, high-precision ACT DR6 lensing maps, but also by including additional spectroscopic data for redshift calibration and by analyzing our measurements with a more flexible theoretical model. We determine the amplitude of matter fluctuations at low redshifts ( z ≃ 0.2–1.6), finding ${S}_{8}\equiv {\sigma }_{8}{({{\rm{\Omega }}}_{m}/0.3)}^{0.5}=0.813\pm 0.021$ using the ACT cross-correlation alone and S _8 = 0.810 ± 0.015 with a combination of Planck and ACT cross-correlations; these measurements are fully consistent with the predictions from primary CMB measurements assuming standard structure growth. The addition of baryon acoustic oscillation data breaks the degeneracy between σ _8 and Ω _m , allowing us to measure σ _8 = 0.813 ± 0.020 from the cross-correlation of unWISE with ACT and σ _8 = 0.813 ± 0.015 from the combination of cross-correlations with ACT and Planck. These results also agree with the expectations from primary CMB extrapolations in ΛCDM cosmology; the consistency of σ _8 derived from our two redshift samples at z ∼ 0.6 and 1.1 provides a further check of our cosmological model. Our results suggest that structure formation on linear scales is well described by ΛCDM even down to low redshifts z ≲ 1.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

4. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Mitigating the Impact of Extragalactic Foregrounds for the DR6 Cosmic Microwave Background Lensing Analysis

Author: Niall MacCrann, Blake D. Sherwin, Frank J. Qu, Toshiya Namikawa, Mathew S. Madhavacheril, Irene Abril-Cabezas, Rui An, Jason E. Austermann, Nicholas Battaglia, Elia S. Battistelli, James A. Beall, Boris Bolliet, J. Richard Bond, Hongbo Cai, Erminia Calabrese, William R. Coulton, Omar Darwish, Shannon M. Duff, Adriaan J. Duivenvoorden, Jo Dunkley, Gerrit S. Farren, Simone Ferraro, Joseph E. Golec, Yilun Guan, Dongwon Han, Carlos Hervías-Caimapo, J. Colin Hill, Matt Hilton, Renée Hložek, Johannes Hubmayr, Joshua Kim, Zack Li, Arthur Kosowsky, Thibaut Louis, Jeff McMahon, Gabriela A. Marques, Kavilan Moodley, Sigurd Naess, Michael D. Niemack, Lyman Page, Bruce Partridge, Emmanuel Schaan, Neelima Sehgal, Cristóbal Sifón, Edward J. Wollack, Maria Salatino, Joel N. Ullom, Jeff Van Lanen, Alexander Van Engelen, and Lukas Wenzl
Subjects: Cosmology, Large-scale structure of the universe, Weak gravitational lensing, Cosmic microwave background radiation, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: We investigate the impact and mitigation of extragalactic foregrounds for the cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing power spectrum analysis of Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) data release 6 (DR6) data. Two independent microwave sky simulations are used to test a range of mitigation strategies. We demonstrate that finding and then subtracting point sources, finding and then subtracting models of clusters, and using a profile bias-hardened lensing estimator together reduce the fractional biases to well below statistical uncertainties, with the inferred lensing amplitude, A _lens , biased by less than 0.2 σ . We also show that another method where a model for the cosmic infrared background (CIB) contribution is deprojected and high-frequency data from Planck is included has similar performance. Other frequency-cleaned options do not perform as well, either incurring a large noise cost or resulting in biased recovery of the lensing spectrum. In addition to these simulation-based tests, we also present null tests on the ACT DR6 data for sensitivity of our lensing spectrum estimation to differences in foreground levels between the two ACT frequencies used, while nulling the CMB lensing signal. These tests pass whether the nulling is performed at the map or bandpower level. The CIB-deprojected measurement performed on the DR6 data is consistent with our baseline measurement, implying that contamination from the CIB is unlikely to significantly bias the DR6 lensing spectrum. This collection of tests gives confidence that the ACT DR6 lensing measurements and cosmological constraints presented in companion papers to this work are robust to extragalactic foregrounds.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

5. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: DR6 Gravitational Lensing Map and Cosmological Parameters

Author: Mathew S. Madhavacheril, Frank J. Qu, Blake D. Sherwin, Niall MacCrann, Yaqiong Li, Irene Abril-Cabezas, Peter A. R. Ade, Simone Aiola, Tommy Alford, Mandana Amiri, Stefania Amodeo, Rui An, Zachary Atkins, Jason E. Austermann, Nicholas Battaglia, Elia Stefano Battistelli, James A. Beall, Rachel Bean, Benjamin Beringue, Tanay Bhandarkar, Emily Biermann, Boris Bolliet, J Richard Bond, Hongbo Cai, Erminia Calabrese, Victoria Calafut, Valentina Capalbo, Felipe Carrero, Anthony Challinor, Grace E. Chesmore, Hsiao-mei Cho, Steve K. Choi, Susan E. Clark, Rodrigo Córdova Rosado, Nicholas F. Cothard, Kevin Coughlin, William Coulton, Kevin T. Crowley, Roohi Dalal, Omar Darwish, Mark J. Devlin, Simon Dicker, Peter Doze, Cody J. Duell, Shannon M. Duff, Adriaan J. Duivenvoorden, Jo Dunkley, Rolando Dünner, Valentina Fanfani, Max Fankhanel, Gerrit Farren, Simone Ferraro, Rodrigo Freundt, Brittany Fuzia, Patricio A. Gallardo, Xavier Garrido, Jahmour Givans, Vera Gluscevic, Joseph E. Golec, Yilun Guan, Kirsten R. Hall, Mark Halpern, Dongwon Han, Ian Harrison, Matthew Hasselfield, Erin Healy, Shawn Henderson, Brandon Hensley, Carlos Hervías-Caimapo, J. Colin Hill, Gene C. Hilton, Matt Hilton, Adam D. Hincks, Renée Hložek, Shuay-Pwu Patty Ho, Zachary B. Huber, Johannes Hubmayr, Kevin M. Huffenberger, John P. Hughes, Kent Irwin, Giovanni Isopi, Hidde T. Jense, Ben Keller, Joshua Kim, Kenda Knowles, Brian J. Koopman, Arthur Kosowsky, Darby Kramer, Aleksandra Kusiak, Adrien La Posta, Alex Lague, Victoria Lakey, Eunseong Lee, Zack Li, Michele Limon, Martine Lokken, Thibaut Louis, Marius Lungu, Amanda MacInnis, Diego Maldonado, Felipe Maldonado, Maya Mallaby-Kay, Gabriela A. Marques, Jeff McMahon, Yogesh Mehta, Felipe Menanteau, Kavilan Moodley, Thomas W. Morris, Tony Mroczkowski, Sigurd Naess, Toshiya Namikawa, Federico Nati, Laura Newburgh, Andrina Nicola, Michael D. Niemack, Michael R. Nolta, John Orlowski-Scherer, Lyman A. Page, Shivam Pandey, Bruce Partridge, Heather Prince, Roberto Puddu, Federico Radiconi, Naomi Robertson, Felipe Rojas, Tai Sakuma, Maria Salatino, Emmanuel Schaan, Benjamin L. Schmitt, Neelima Sehgal, Shabbir Shaikh, Carlos Sierra, Jon Sievers, Cristóbal Sifón, Sara Simon, Rita Sonka, David N. Spergel, Suzanne T. Staggs, Emilie Storer, Eric R. Switzer, Niklas Tampier, Robert Thornton, Hy Trac, Jesse Treu, Carole Tucker, Joel Ullom, Leila R. Vale, Alexander Van Engelen, Jeff Van Lanen, Joshiwa van Marrewijk, Cristian Vargas, Eve M. Vavagiakis, Kasey Wagoner, Yuhan Wang, Lukas Wenzl, Edward J. Wollack, Zhilei Xu, Fernando Zago, and Kaiwen Zheng
Subjects: Cosmology, Observational cosmology, Cosmic microwave background radiation, Large-scale structure of the universe, Cosmological neutrinos, Particle astrophysics, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: We present cosmological constraints from a gravitational lensing mass map covering 9400 deg ^2 reconstructed from measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) made by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) from 2017 to 2021. In combination with measurements of baryon acoustic oscillations and big bang nucleosynthesis, we obtain the clustering amplitude σ _8 = 0.819 ± 0.015 at 1.8% precision, ${S}_{8}\equiv {\sigma }_{8}{({{\rm{\Omega }}}_{{\rm{m}}}/0.3)}^{0.5}=0.840\pm 0.028$ , and the Hubble constant H _0 = (68.3 ± 1.1) km s ^−1 Mpc ^−1 at 1.6% precision. A joint constraint with Planck CMB lensing yields σ _8 = 0.812 ± 0.013, ${S}_{8}\equiv {\sigma }_{8}{({{\rm{\Omega }}}_{{\rm{m}}}/0.3)}^{0.5}=0.831\pm 0.023$ , and H _0 = (68.1 ± 1.0) km s ^−1 Mpc ^−1 . These measurements agree with ΛCDM extrapolations from the CMB anisotropies measured by Planck. We revisit constraints from the KiDS, DES, and HSC galaxy surveys with a uniform set of assumptions and find that S _8 from all three are lower than that from ACT+Planck lensing by levels ranging from 1.7 σ to 2.1 σ . This motivates further measurements and comparison, not just between the CMB anisotropies and galaxy lensing but also between CMB lensing probing z ∼ 0.5–5 on mostly linear scales and galaxy lensing at z ∼ 0.5 on smaller scales. We combine with CMB anisotropies to constrain extensions of ΛCDM, limiting neutrino masses to ∑ m _ν < 0.13 eV (95% c.l.), for example. We describe the mass map and related data products that will enable a wide array of cross-correlation science. Our results provide independent confirmation that the universe is spatially flat, conforms with general relativity, and is described remarkably well by the ΛCDM model, while paving a promising path for neutrino physics with lensing from upcoming ground-based CMB surveys.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

6. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: A Measurement of the DR6 CMB Lensing Power Spectrum and Its Implications for Structure Growth

Author: Frank J. Qu, Blake D. Sherwin, Mathew S. Madhavacheril, Dongwon Han, Kevin T. Crowley, Irene Abril-Cabezas, Peter A. R. Ade, Simone Aiola, Tommy Alford, Mandana Amiri, Stefania Amodeo, Rui An, Zachary Atkins, Jason E. Austermann, Nicholas Battaglia, Elia Stefano Battistelli, James A. Beall, Rachel Bean, Benjamin Beringue, Tanay Bhandarkar, Emily Biermann, Boris Bolliet, J Richard Bond, Hongbo Cai, Erminia Calabrese, Victoria Calafut, Valentina Capalbo, Felipe Carrero, Julien Carron, Anthony Challinor, Grace E. Chesmore, Hsiao-mei Cho, Steve K. Choi, Susan E. Clark, Rodrigo Córdova Rosado, Nicholas F. Cothard, Kevin Coughlin, William Coulton, Roohi Dalal, Omar Darwish, Mark J. Devlin, Simon Dicker, Peter Doze, Cody J. Duell, Shannon M. Duff, Adriaan J. Duivenvoorden, Jo Dunkley, Rolando Dünner, Valentina Fanfani, Max Fankhanel, Gerrit Farren, Simone Ferraro, Rodrigo Freundt, Brittany Fuzia, Patricio A. Gallardo, Xavier Garrido, Vera Gluscevic, Joseph E. Golec, Yilun Guan, Mark Halpern, Ian Harrison, Matthew Hasselfield, Erin Healy, Shawn Henderson, Brandon Hensley, Carlos Hervías-Caimapo, J. Colin Hill, Gene C. Hilton, Matt Hilton, Adam D. Hincks, Renée Hložek, Shuay-Pwu Patty Ho, Zachary B. Huber, Johannes Hubmayr, Kevin M. Huffenberger, John P. Hughes, Kent Irwin, Giovanni Isopi, Hidde T. Jense, Ben Keller, Joshua Kim, Kenda Knowles, Brian J. Koopman, Arthur Kosowsky, Darby Kramer, Aleksandra Kusiak, Adrien La Posta, Alex Lague, Victoria Lakey, Eunseong Lee, Zack Li, Yaqiong Li, Michele Limon, Martine Lokken, Thibaut Louis, Marius Lungu, Niall MacCrann, Amanda MacInnis, Diego Maldonado, Felipe Maldonado, Maya Mallaby-Kay, Gabriela A. Marques, Jeff McMahon, Yogesh Mehta, Felipe Menanteau, Kavilan Moodley, Thomas W. Morris, Tony Mroczkowski, Sigurd Naess, Toshiya Namikawa, Federico Nati, Laura Newburgh, Andrina Nicola, Michael D. Niemack, Michael R. Nolta, John Orlowski-Scherer, Lyman A. Page, Shivam Pandey, Bruce Partridge, Heather Prince, Roberto Puddu, Federico Radiconi, Naomi Robertson, Felipe Rojas, Tai Sakuma, Maria Salatino, Emmanuel Schaan, Benjamin L. Schmitt, Neelima Sehgal, Shabbir Shaikh, Carlos Sierra, Jon Sievers, Cristóbal Sifón, Sara Simon, Rita Sonka, David N. Spergel, Suzanne T. Staggs, Emilie Storer, Eric R. Switzer, Niklas Tampier, Robert Thornton, Hy Trac, Jesse Treu, Carole Tucker, Joel Ullom, Leila R. Vale, Alexander Van Engelen, Jeff Van Lanen, Joshiwa van Marrewijk, Cristian Vargas, Eve M. Vavagiakis, Kasey Wagoner, Yuhan Wang, Lukas Wenzl, Edward J. Wollack, Zhilei Xu, Fernando Zago, and Kaiwen Zheng
Subjects: Cosmological parameters, Cosmological parameters from large-scale structure, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: We present new measurements of cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing over 9400 deg ^2 of the sky. These lensing measurements are derived from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) Data Release 6 (DR6) CMB data set, which consists of five seasons of ACT CMB temperature and polarization observations. We determine the amplitude of the CMB lensing power spectrum at 2.3% precision (43 σ significance) using a novel pipeline that minimizes sensitivity to foregrounds and to noise properties. To ensure that our results are robust, we analyze an extensive set of null tests, consistency tests, and systematic error estimates and employ a blinded analysis framework. Our CMB lensing power spectrum measurement provides constraints on the amplitude of cosmic structure that do not depend on Planck or galaxy survey data, thus giving independent information about large-scale structure growth and potential tensions in structure measurements. The baseline spectrum is well fit by a lensing amplitude of A _lens = 1.013 ± 0.023 relative to the Planck 2018 CMB power spectra best-fit ΛCDM model and A _lens = 1.005 ± 0.023 relative to the ACT DR4 + WMAP best-fit model. From our lensing power spectrum measurement, we derive constraints on the parameter combination ${S}_{8}^{\mathrm{CMBL}}\equiv {\sigma }_{8}{\left({{\rm{\Omega }}}_{m}/0.3\right)}^{0.25}$ of ${S}_{8}^{\mathrm{CMBL}}=0.818\pm 0.022$ from ACT DR6 CMB lensing alone and ${S}_{8}^{\mathrm{CMBL}}=0.813\pm 0.018$ when combining ACT DR6 and Planck NPIPE CMB lensing power spectra. These results are in excellent agreement with ΛCDM model constraints from Planck or ACT DR4 + WMAP CMB power spectrum measurements. Our lensing measurements from redshifts z ∼ 0.5–5 are thus fully consistent with ΛCDM structure growth predictions based on CMB anisotropies probing primarily z ∼ 1100. We find no evidence for a suppression of the amplitude of cosmic structure at low redshifts.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

7. Magnetic resonance imaging‐only‐based radiation treatment planning for simultaneous integrated boost of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging‐defined dominant intraprostatic lesions

Author: Michael Dumas, Marisa Leney, Joshua Kim, Parag Sevak, Mohamed Elshaikh, Milan Pantelic, Benjamin Movsas, Indrin J. Chetty, and Ning Wen
Subjects: intraprostatic boost, magnetic resonance imaging‐only radiation therapy planning, multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, radiobiological modeling, simultaneous integrated boost, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: Abstract Objective To assess the feasibility of using synthetic computed tomography for treatment planning of the dominant intraprostatic lesion (DIL), a high‐risk region of interest that offers potential for increased local tumor control. Methods A dosimetric study was performed on 15 prostate cancer patients with biopsy‐proven prostate cancer who had undergone magnetic resonance imaging. DILs were contoured based on the turbo spin echo T2‐weighted and diffusion weighted images. Air, bone, fat, and soft tissue were segmented and assigned bulk‐density HU values of –1000, 285, –50, and 40, respectively, to create a synthetic computed tomography. Simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) and standard treatment plans were created for each patient. The total dose was 79.2 Gy to the non‐boosted planning target volume for both plans with a boost of 100 Gy for the DIL in the SIB plan. A radiobiological model was created to determine individualized dose–response curves based on the patient's apparent diffusion coefficient maps. Results Mean doses to the non‐boost planning target volume were 81.2 ± 0.3 Gy with the SIB and 81.0 ± 0.4 Gy without. For the DIL, the boosted mean dose was 102.6 ± 0.6 Gy. Total motor unit was 860 ± 100 with the SIB and 730 ±100 without. Femoral heads, rectum, bladder, and penile bulb were within established dose guidelines for either treatment technique. The average tumor control probability was 94% with the SIB compared with 78% without boosting the DIL. Conclusion This study showed the feasibility of magnetic resonance imaging‐only treatment planning for patients with prostate cancer with a SIB to the DIL. DIL dose can be escalated to 100 Gy on synthetic computed tomography, while maintaining the original 79.2 Gy prescription dose and the organ of interest clinical dose limits.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

8. Association Between Internal Organ/Liver Tumor and External Surface Motion From Cine MR Images on an MRI-Linac

Author: Weihua Mao, Joshua Kim, and Indrin J. Chetty
Subjects: motion correlation, MR cine imaging, liver cancer, tumor motion, diaphragm motion, skin motion, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: Purposes/ObjectivesHistorically, motion correlation between internal tumor and external surrogates have been based on limited sets of X-ray or magnetic resonance (MR) images. With the recent clinical implementation of MR-guided linear accelerators, a vast quantity of continuous planar real-time MR imaging data is acquired. In this study, information was extracted from MR cine imaging during liver cancer treatments to establish associations between internal tumor/diaphragm and external surface/skin movement.Methods and MaterialsThis retrospective study used 305,644 MR image frames acquired over 118 treatment/imaging sessions of the first 23 liver cancer patients treated on an MRI-linac. 9 features were automatically determined on each MR image frame: Lung_Area, the posterior (Dia_Post), dome (Dia_Dome), and anterior (Dia_Ant) points of a diaphragmatic curve and the diaphragm curve point (Dia_Max), the chest (Chest) and the belly (Belly) skin points experiencing the maximum motion ranges; the superior-interior (SI) and posterior-anterior (PA) positions of a target. For every session, correlation analyses were performed twice among the 9 features: 1) over a breath-hold (BH) set and 2) on a pseudo free-breathing (PFB) generated by removing breath-holding frames.Results303,123 frames of images were successfully analyzed. For BH set analysis, correlation coefficients were as follows: 0.94 ± 0.07 between any two features among Dia_Post, Dia_Dome, Dia_Max, and Lung_Area; 0.95 ± 0.06 between SI and any feature among Dia_Post, Dia_Dome, Dia_Max, or Lung_Area; 0.76 ± 0.29 between SI and Belly (with 50% of correlations ≥ 0.87). The PFB set had 142,862 frames of images. For this set, correlation coefficients were 0.96 ± 0.06 between any two features among Dia_Post, Dia_Dome, Dia_Max, and Lung_Area; 0.95 ± 0.06 between SI and any feature among Dia_Post, Dia_Dome, Dia_Max, or Lung_Area; 0.80 ± 0.26 between SI and Belly (with 50% of correlations ≥ 0.91).ConclusionDiaphragmatic motion as assessed by cine MR imaging is highly correlated with liver tumor motion. Belly vertical motion is highly correlated with liver tumor longitudinal motion in approximately half of the cases. More detailed analyses of those cases displaying weak correlations are in progress.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

9. Intraoperative Loss of a Microsurgical Needle: Assessing Potential Injury and Risks Through a Rat Model

Author: Jagmeet Arora, Joshua Kim, Mikhail Pakvasa, MD, Lohrasb Sayadi, MD, Alan Widgerow, MD, and Amber R. Leis, MD
Subjects: Surgery, RD1-811
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

10. A Suite of Mobile Conversational Agents for Daily Stress Management (Popbots): Mixed Methods Exploratory Study

Author: Matthew Louis Mauriello, Nantanick Tantivasadakarn, Marco Antonio Mora-Mendoza, Emmanuel Thierry Lincoln, Grace Hon, Parsa Nowruzi, Dorien Simon, Luke Hansen, Nathaniel H Goenawan, Joshua Kim, Nikhil Gowda, Dan Jurafsky, and Pablo Enrique Paredes
Subjects: Medicine
Abstract: BackgroundApproximately 60%-80% of the primary care visits have a psychological stress component, but only 3% of patients receive stress management advice during these visits. Given recent advances in natural language processing, there is renewed interest in mental health chatbots. Conversational agents that can understand a user’s problems and deliver advice that mitigates the effects of daily stress could be an effective public health tool. However, such systems are complex to build and costly to develop. ObjectiveTo address these challenges, our aim is to develop and evaluate a fully automated mobile suite of shallow chatbots—we call them Popbots—that may serve as a new species of chatbots and further complement human assistance in an ecosystem of stress management support. MethodsAfter conducting an exploratory Wizard of Oz study (N=14) to evaluate the feasibility of a suite of multiple chatbots, we conducted a web-based study (N=47) to evaluate the implementation of our prototype. Each participant was randomly assigned to a different chatbot designed on the basis of a proven cognitive or behavioral intervention method. To measure the effectiveness of the chatbots, the participants’ stress levels were determined using self-reported psychometric evaluations (eg, web-based daily surveys and Patient Health Questionnaire-4). The participants in these studies were recruited through email and enrolled on the web, and some of them participated in follow-up interviews that were conducted in person or on the web (as necessary). ResultsOf the 47 participants, 31 (66%) completed the main study. The findings suggest that the users viewed the conversations with our chatbots as helpful or at least neutral and came away with increasingly positive sentiment toward the use of chatbots for proactive stress management. Moreover, those users who used the system more often (ie, they had more than or equal to the median number of conversations) noted a decrease in depression symptoms compared with those who used the system less often based on a Wilcoxon signed-rank test (W=91.50; Z=−2.54; P=.01; r=0.47). The follow-up interviews with a subset of the participants indicated that half of the common daily stressors could be discussed with chatbots, potentially reducing the burden on human coping resources. ConclusionsOur work suggests that suites of shallow chatbots may offer benefits for both users and designers. As a result, this study’s contributions include the design and evaluation of a novel suite of shallow chatbots for daily stress management, a summary of benefits and challenges associated with random delivery of multiple conversational interventions, and design guidelines and directions for future research into similar systems, including authoring chatbot systems and artificial intelligence–enabled recommendation algorithms.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

11. Development of droplet entrainment and deposition models for horizontal flow

Author: Joshua Kim Schimpf, Kyung Doo Kim, Jaeseok Heo, and Byoung Jae Kim
Subjects: Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract: Models for the rate of atomization and deposition of droplets for stratified and annular flow in horizontal pipes are presented. The entrained fraction is the result of a balance between the rate of atomization of the liquid layer that is in contact with air and the rate of deposition of droplets. The rate of deposition is strongly affected by gravity in horizontal pipes. The gravitational settling of droplets is influenced by droplet size: heavier droplets deposit more rapidly. Model calculation and simulation results are compared with experimental data from various diameter pipes. Validation for the suggested models was performed by comparing the Safety and Performance Analysis Code for Nuclear Power Plants calculation results with the droplet experimental data obtained in various diameter horizontal pipes. Keywords: Annular Flow, Gas–Liquid Flow, Horizontal Pipe, Stratified Flow
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

12. Repetitive Neonatal Erythropoietin and Melatonin Combinatorial Treatment Provides Sustained Repair of Functional Deficits in a Rat Model of Cerebral Palsy

Author: Lauren L. Jantzie, Akosua Y. Oppong, Fatu S. Conteh, Tracylyn R. Yellowhair, Joshua Kim, Gabrielle Fink, Adam R. Wolin, Frances J. Northington, and Shenandoah Robinson
Subjects: cerebral palsy, chorioamnionitis, hypoxia-ischemia, inflammation, social interaction, gait, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the leading cause of motor impairment for children worldwide and results from perinatal brain injury (PBI). To test novel therapeutics to mitigate deficits from PBI, we developed a rat model of extreme preterm birth (
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

13. Evaluation of Algebraic Iterative Image Reconstruction Methods for Tetrahedron Beam Computed Tomography Systems

Author: Joshua Kim, Huaiqun Guan, David Gersten, and Tiezhi Zhang
Subjects: Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920, Medical technology, R855-855.5
Abstract: Tetrahedron beam computed tomography (TBCT) performs volumetric imaging using a stack of fan beams generated by a multiple pixel X-ray source. While the TBCT system was designed to overcome the scatter and detector issues faced by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), it still suffers the same large cone angle artifacts as CBCT due to the use of approximate reconstruction algorithms. It has been shown that iterative reconstruction algorithms are better able to model irregular system geometries and that algebraic iterative algorithms in particular have been able to reduce cone artifacts appearing at large cone angles. In this paper, the SART algorithm is modified for the use with the different TBCT geometries and is tested using both simulated projection data and data acquired using the TBCT benchtop system. The modified SART reconstruction algorithms were able to mitigate the effects of using data generated at large cone angles and were also able to reconstruct CT images without the introduction of artifacts due to either the longitudinal or transverse truncation in the data sets. Algebraic iterative reconstruction can be especially useful for dual-source dual-detector TBCT, wherein the cone angle is the largest in the center of the field of view.
Published: 2013
Full Text: View/download PDF

14. A Web-Based Monitoring System of Network Security Functions in Blockchain-Based Cloud Security Systems.

Author: Jeonghyeon Joshua Kim, Patrick Lingga, Jaehoon Paul Jeong, Yunchul Choi, and Jung-Soo Park
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

15. Successful treatment of vertebral osteomyelitis due to

Author: Myong Gyu Joshua, Kim and Kristen, Overton
Subjects: Azoles, Humans, Female, Osteomyelitis, Voriconazole, Hepatitis A, Aspergillus flavus
Abstract: Aspergillus osteomyelitis (AO) is a rare and often lethal opportunistic infection in predominantly immunocompromised patients. Treatment has shifted from amphotericin therapy to voriconazole monotherapy due to increased effectiveness and less toxicity. We report a case of an immunocompetent woman with vertebral osteomyelitis due to
Published: 2024

16. A subacute presentation of

Author: Myong Gyu Joshua, Kim, Susannah, Payne, and Jeffrey, Post
Subjects: Male, Mycoplasma hominis, Endocarditis, Heart Valve Prosthesis, Humans, Mycoplasma Infections, Endocarditis, Bacterial
Published: 2024

17. Intent-Based Network Management in 6G Core Networks.

Author: Patrick Lingga, Jeonghyeon Joshua Kim, and Jaehoon Paul Jeong
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

18. Outcomes with Finerenone in Participants with Stage 4 CKD and Type 2 Diabetes: A FIDELITY Subgroup Analysis

Author: Sarafidis, Pantelis, Agarwal, Rajiv, Pitt, Bertram, Wanner, Christoph, Filippatos, Gerasimos, Boletis, John, Tuttle, Katherine R., Ruilope, Luis M., Rossing, Peter, Toto, Robert, Anker, Stefan D., Liu, Zhi-Hong, Joseph, Amer, Ahlers, Christiane, Brinker, Meike, Lawatscheck, Robert, Bakris, George, Aizenberg, Diego, Bartolacci, Inés, Besada, Diego, Bittar, Julio, Chahin, Mariano, Elbert, Alicia, Gelersztein, Elizabeth, Liberman, Alberto, Maffei, Laura, Manghi, Federico Pérez, Sanabria, Hugo, Vallejos, Augusto, Viñes, Gloria, Wassermann, Alfredo, Abhayaratna, Walter, Acharya, Shamasunder, Ekinci, Elif, Lee, Darren, MacIsaac, Richard, Mah, Peak Mann, Nelson, Craig, Packham, David, Pape, Alexia, Roger, Simon, Stephenson, Hugo, Suranyi, Michael, Wittert, Gary, Vale, Elizabeth, Colman, Peter, Colquhoun, David, Ellis, Chris, Joshua, Kim, Pedagogos, Eugenia, Regal, Paul, Topliss, Duncan, Vandeleur, James, Verjans, Johan, Wittert, Gary, Wynne, Katie-Jane, Clodi, Martin, Ebenbichler, Christoph, Fliesser-Görzer, Evelyn, Hanusch, Ursula, Krebs, Michael, Lhotta, Karl, Ludvik, Bernhard, Mayer, Gert, Neudorfer, Peter, Paulweber, Bernhard, Prager, Rudolf, Preiß, Wolfgang, Prischl, Friedrich, Schernthaner, Gerit-Holger, Sourij, Harald, Wiesholzer, Martin, Drexel, Heinz, Oberbauer, Rainer, Schönherr, Hans-Robert, Doubel, Peter, Engelen, Wendy, Gillard, Pieter, Hougardy, Jean-Michel, Krzesinski, Jean-Marie, Maes, Bart, Speeckaert, Marijn, Stas, Koen, van Gaal, Luc, Vanbelleghem, Hilde, Duyck, Francis, Scheen, André, Antunes, Daniela, Botelho, Roberto, Brito, Claudia, Canani, Luis, Canziani, Maria Eugenia, Cerqueira, Maria, de Paula, Rogerio, Eliaschewitz, Freddy, Figueiredo, Carlos Eduardo, Forti, Adriana, Hissa, Miguel, Leite, Emerson Lima Maurilo, Jr, Noronha, Irene, Paolino, Bruno, Paschoalin, Nathalia, Paschoalin, Raphael, Filho, Roberto Pecoits, Pereira, Marcio, Portes, Evandro, Precoma, Dalton, Rea, Rosangela, Riella, Miguel, Salles, Joao Eduardo, Vasconcellos, Eduardo, Vencio, Sergio, Bacci, Marcelo, Maia, Lilia, Villacorta, Aline, Apostolova, Emiliya, Boshnyashka, Radostina, Farah, Ghassan, Georgiev, Dimitar, Gushterova, Valentina, Klyuchkova, Neli, Lucheva, Mariya, Manova, Petya, Minkova, Dotska, Nonchev, Boyan, Pichmanova, Mariyana, Prakova, Zhulieta, Rangelov, Rangel, Rashkov, Rosen, Stanchev, Pavel, Stoyanovska-Elencheva, Bilyana, Tagarev, Zhivko, Temelkova-Kurktschieva, Theodora, Vasileva, Svetla, Yoncheva-Mihaylova, Mariana, Marinchev, Angel, Miteva, Mariya, Barre, Paul, Carlson, Brian, Conway, James, Cournoyer, Serge, Dumas, Richard, Fikry, Sameh, Goluch, Richard, Hamet, Pavel, Hart, Randolph, Henein, Sam, Liutkus, Joanne, Madore, Francois, Martinho, Valdemar, Mazza, Giuseppe, McFarlane, Philip, Keefe, Dennis O′, Peterson, Sean, Schwartz, Daniel, Shu, Daniel, Steele, Andrew, Tellier, Guy, Tennankore, Karthik, Tobe, Sheldon, Tsoukas, George, Tytus, Richard, Vitou, Louise, Walsh, Michael, Weisnagel, Stanley, Wilderman, Igor, Yale, Jean-Francois, El Boreky, Fadia, Kelly, Alan, Leiter, Lawrence, Teitelbaum, Ivor, Cobos, Jorge, Godoy, Juan, González, Fernando, Lobos, Sergio, Palma, Juan Carlos, Prieto Dominguez, Juan Carlos, Reyes, Eliana, Romero, Carmen, Saavedra, Victor, Vega, Mario, Medina, Marcelo, Varleta, Paola, Bu, Ruifang, Cai, Hanqing, Chen, Nan, Chen, Qinkai, Chen, Dejun, Cheng, Jinluo, Dong, Youping, Dong, Junwu, Guan, Tianjun, Hao, Chuanming, Huang, Wen, Jiang, Fangfang, Lei, Minxiang, Li, Ling, Li, Zhonghe, Li, Xuemei, Li, Jingmei, Li, Yan, Liang, Xinling, Liang, Bo, Liu, Fang, Liu, Yinghong, Liu, Yuantao, Liu, Zhihong, Long, Gang, Lu, Guoyuan, Lu, Weiping, Lu, Yibing, Luo, Ping, Ma, Jianhua, Mo, Zhaohui, Niu, Jianying, Peng, Ai, Shen, Jiansong, Shen, Feixia, Shi, Bingyin, Su, Qing, Sun, Zhuxing, Tang, Shuifu, Tong, Nanwei, Wang, Hao, Wang, Xinjun, Wang, Guixia, Wang, Jianqin, Wang, Yangang, Wang, Li, Wei, Jiali, Wu, Tianfeng, Wu, Chaoqing, Xing, Changying, Xiong, Fei, Xu, Xudong, Xu, Ning, Yan, Tiekun, Yang, Jinkui, Yin, Aiping, Zeng, Longyi, Zhang, Hao, Zhang, Yanlin, Zhang, Ying, Zhao, Wenjing, Zhao, Zhiquan, Zheng, Hongguang, Zhong, Ling, Zhu, Dalong, Zhuang, Yongze, Du, Yuming, Fang, Yi, Guo, Weiying, Jiang, Sheng, Kuang, Jian, Li, Dongmei, Li, Hongmei, Li, Yinan, Li, Yuxiu, Liu, Jian, Liu, Yu, Miao, Heng, Peng, Wen, Wang, Lihua, Xu, Mingtong, Zhong, Liyong, Zhu, Jun, Arango, Clara, Barrera, Sandra, López, Nelly Beltrán, Benitez, Diego, Blanco, Guillermo, Cadena, Andrés, Coronel, Julian, Cure, Carlos, Durán, Carlos, González, Alexander, Guzmán, Gustavo, Hernández, Eric, Ibarra, Jaime, Jaramillo, Carlos, Jaramillo, Nicolás, Kattah, William, Molina, Dora, Sánchez, Gregorio, Terront, Mónica, Trujillo, Freddy, Urina, Miguel, Vargas, Ruben, Villegas, Iván, Yupanqui, Hernán, Arcos, Edgar, Aroca, Gustavo, Barreto, Germán, Bermudez, Andres, Botero, Rodrigo, Cárdenas, Tatiana, Figueroa, Wilmer, Jaramillo, Mónica, Liévano, Manuel, López, Mónica, Molina, Dora, Rosero, Ricardo, Trillos, Pedro, Dino Alferi, Brada, Michal, Brezina, Jiri, Bucek, Petr, Edelsberger, Tomas, Gulakova, Drahomira, Zapletalova, Jitka Hasalova, Hola, Olga, Hornova, Lucie, Houdova, Jana, Hrmova, Helena, Karasek, David, Kopecka, Sarka, Kovar, Richard, Krcova, Eva, Kuchar, Jiri, Kutejova, Vlasta, Lubanda, Hana, Matyasek, Ivo, Mokrejsova, Magdalena, Okenka, Libor, Prazny, Martin, Pumprla, Jiri, Tomanek, Pavel, Andersen, Ulla, Andries, Alin, Bech, Jesper, Faber, Jens, Gislason, Gunnar, Hangaard, Jørgen, Pacyk, Grzegorz Jaroslaw, Juhl, Claus, Krarup, Thure, Lindhardt, Morten, Madsbad, Sten, Nielsen, Joan, Pedersen-Bjergaard, Ulrik, Poulsen, Per, Rasmussen, Ole, Rossing, Peter, Schousboe, Karoline, Gram, Jeppe, Lauridsen, Thomas, Pedersen, Erling, Thorsteinsson, Birger, Flöjt, Päivi, Honkasalo, Mikko, Honkasalo, Mikko, Humaloja, Kari, Kananen, Kristiina, Kantola, Ilkka, Koistinen, Arvo, Korsoff, Pirkko, Lahtela, Jorma, Nieminen, Sakari, Nieminen, Tuomo, Sadeharju, Karita, Strand, Jorma, Sulosaari, Sakari, Cariou, Bertrand, Chantrel, François, Clavel, Sylvaine, Combe, Christian, Fauvel, Jean-Pierre, Gallouj, Karim, Gouet, Didier, Guerci, Bruno, Guerrot, Dominique, Hourmant, Maryvonne, Klein, Alexandre, Mariat, Christophe, Marre, Michel, Mesbah, Rafik, Le Meur, Yannick, Monier, Arnaud, Moranne, Olivier, Roussel, Ronan, Serusclat, Pierre, Vendrely, Benoit, Verges, Bruno, Zaoui, Philippe, Axthelm, Christoph, Bergmann, Andreas, Birkenfeld, Andreas L., Braun, Hermann, Busch, Klaus, Contzen, Christel, Degenhardt, Stefan, Derwahl, Karl, Giebel, Thomas, Hagenow, Andreas, Haller, Hermann, Hasslacher, Christoph, Horacek, Thomas, Jungmair, Wolfgang, Kloos, Christof, Koch, Thorsten, Krüger, Thilo, Mühlfeld, Anja, Müller, Joachim, Pfützner, Andreas, Pistrosch, Frank, Rinke, Andrea, Rose, Ludger, Rump, Lars, Schettler, Volker, Schiefke, Ingolf, Schlichthaar, Heike, Schröppel, Bernd, Schöll, Norbert, Schubert, Kristin, Schürholz, Thomas, Sigal, Helena, Stemler, Lutz, Strack, Georg, Täschner, Heidrun, Toursarkissian, Nicole, Tschöpe, Diethelm, Ulmer, Achim, van der Giet, Markus, Wanner, Christoph, Winkelmann, Bernhard R., Boletis, Ioannis, Dimitriadis, George, Hatziagelaki, Erifili, Iatrou, Christos, Ioannidis, Ioannis, Kounadi, Theodora, Makriniotou, Ioanna, Papadopoulou, Dorothea, Papagianni, Aikaterini, Passadakis, Ploumis, Piaditis, George, Stefanidis, Ioannis, Tai Pang Ip, Lee, Paul, Andrea Luk, On Yan, Ma, Ronald, Chow, Wing Sun, Wang, Angela, Yeung, Vincent, Bajcsi, Dora, Danos, Peter, Harcsa, Eleonora, Kalina, Akos, Kazup, Szilvia, Keltai, Katalin, Kirschner, Robert, Kiss, Julianna, Kovacs, Laszlo, Lamboy, Beata, Literati-Nagy, Botond, Mileder, Margit, Nagy, Laszlo, Noori, Ebrahim, Nyirati, Gabor, Petro, Gizella, Schneider, Karoly, Simon, Judit, Szocs, Albert, Vasas, Szilard, Wudi, Krisztina, Zilahi, Zsolt, Zsom, Marianna, Eustace, Joe, Holian, John, Reddan, Donal, Meara, Yvonne O′, Abramof Ness, Rosane, Adawi, Faiad, Armaly, Zaher, Atar, Shaul, Bashkin, Amir, Ben Chetrit, Sydney, Yanay, Noa Berar, Chernin, Gil, Darawsha, Mahmud, Efrati, Shai, Elias, Mazen, Farber, Evgeny, Glandt, Mariela, Grossman, Ehud, Halabi, Majdi, Harman-Boehm, Ilana, Khazim, Khaled, Liberty, Idit, Minuchin, Oscar, Mosenzon, Ofri, Nakhoul, Farid, Nimer, Assy, Schwartz, Doron, Wainstein, Julio, Yagil, Yoram, Zukermann, Robert, Avogaro, Angelo, Battaglia, Giovanni Giorgio, Bevilacqua, Maurizio Tiziano, Bonora, Enzo, Bossi, Carlo Antonio, Calabrò, Paolo, Cavalot, Franco Luigi, Cimino, Roberto, Cozzolino, Mario Gennaro, David, Salvatore, Emdin, Michele, Fiaccadori, Enrico, Fiorina, Paolo, Giorda, Carlo Bruno, Gregorini, Maria Cristina, La Manna, Gaetano, Maggi, Davide Carlo, Manti, Roberta, Meregalli, Giancarla, Pani, Antonello, Parvanova, Aneliy Ilieva, Perico, Norberto, Piatti, PierMarco, Pisani, Antonio, Pontiroli, Antonio Ettore, Ponzani, Paola, Santorelli, Gennaro, Santoro, Domenico, Scanziani, Renzo, Teatini, Ugo, Tonolo, Giancarlo, Trevisan, Roberto, Veronelli, Anna Maria, Viviani, Giorgio Luciano, Araki, Hideo, Bando, Yukihiro, Ebisui, Osamu, Fujita, Naruhiro, Fukasawa, Hirotaka, Furuya, Ryuichi, Hamamoto, Yoshiyuki, Hamasaki, Akihiro, Hasegawa, Kotaro, Hatazaki, Masahiro, Hayashi, Terumasa, Higashi, Takayuki, Hirohata, Yoshihide, Horinouchi, Shuji, Hoshi, Ayumu, Imoto, Hirofumi, Inagaki, Akemi, Inagaki, Masayuki, Inaguma, Daijo, Inoue, Toshihiko, Ishii, Masao, Ishiko, Tamayo, Isono, Motohide, Jinnouchi, Hideaki, Kanai, Hidetoshi, Kanda, Daisuke, Kanehara, Hideo, Kashima, Masayuki, Kataoka, Yuko, Katayama, Shigehiro, Kato, Kiyoe, Katsuki, Takeshi, Kawamitsu, Katsunori, Kawasaki, Satsuki, Kikuchi, Fumi, Kikuchi, Hidetoshi, Kishimoto, Rui, Kobayashi, Kunihisa, Koide, Junko, Komi, Rieko, Kubota, Miyuki, Kuriya, Genpei, Kurose, Takeshi, Kusano, Yoshiro, Hajime, Maeda, Matsubayashi, Sunao, Matsumoto, Kazunari, Matsumura, Naoya, Matsuo, Yasuto, Matsuoka, Naoki, Miyaoka, Hiroaki, Miyata, Satoshi, Morita, Takeshi, Murakami, Isao, Murao, Satoshi, Nakamura, Udai, Nakayama, Mikihiro, Nakazawa, Jun, Nohara, Sakae, Nomiyama, Takashi, Noritake, Masayuki, Oda, Yoshiaki, Ogiwara, Takayuki, Ohashi, Hiroshi, Okamoto, Hideki, Okino, Shinichi, Osonoi, Takeshi, Sasaki, Nobuhiro, Sayo, Yoshitaka, Sekigami, Taiji, Shibasaki, Taro, Shibata, Hirotaka, Shimoyama, Tatsushi, Shinoda, Junji, Sobajima, Hiroshi, Sugitatsu, Kazuya, Sugiura, Toshiyuki, Sugiyama, Toru, Suzuki, Daisuke, Suzuki, Hiroyuki, Suzuki, Masaaki, Takeda, Asami, Tanaka, Asami, Tanaka, Seiichi, Tsunematsu, Izumi, Ueda, Yasuo, Uekihara, Soichi, Ujihara, Makoto, Yajima, Ken, Yamada, Daishiro, Yamada, Masayo, Yamagata, Kazuo, Yamakawa, Ken, Yamakawa, Fumiko, Yamasaki, Yoshimitsu, Yambe, Yuko, Yanagida, Taihei, Yanai, Hidekatsu, Yanase, Toshihiko, Yasuda, Tetsuyuki, Kriauciuniene, Dovile, Lasiene, Jurate, Navickas, Antanas, Radzeviciene, Lina, Urbanaviciene, Egle, Urbonas, Gediminas, Velaviciene, Audrone, Abd Ghani, Rohana, Aziz, Nor Azizah, Lee, Li Yuan, Loh, Chek Loong, Ali, Norhaliza Mohd, Noor, Nurain Mohd, Fatnoon Nik Ahmad, Nik Nur, Ratnasingam, Jeyakantha, Halimi Bin Wan Hasan, Wan Hasnul, Izani Wan Mohamed, Wan Mohd, Khir, Rizmy Najme, Mohamad, Masni, Alexander Tan, Tong Boon, Avila Pardo, Sandro, Adrian, Miriam Bastidas, Wong, Alfredo Chew, Escobedo de la Peña, Jorge, Salmón, Guillermo Fanghänel, Gálvez, Guillermo González, Ochoa, Ramiro Gutiérrez, Santana, Saúl Irizar, Rovalo, Magdalena Madero, Machado, Gustavo Méndez, Ruiz, Luis Nevarez, Ibarra, Denisse Ramos, López, Gabriel Ramos, Reyna, Leobardo Sauque, Ortiz, Gustavo Solache, Ortiz, Rafael Valdez, Mesa, Juan Villagordoa, Salazar, Melchor Alpizar, Hernández, Pedro García, González, José, Soto, José Lazcano, Mendoza, Arturo Saldaña, Santana, Sergio Irizar, Vilchis, Elvira González, Bakker, R.C., Barendregt, J.N.M., Boonstra, A.H., Bos, Willem, Brouwer, C.B., Buren, M. van, Gansevoort, Ron, Kooy, Adriaan, Krekels, Marielle, Leendert, Ruud J.M. van, Lieverse, Louis A.G., Luik, P.T., Penne, E. Lars, Gregoor, Peter Smak, Vogt, Liffert, Born, Bert-Jan van den, John Baker, Crawford, Veronica, Cutfield, Rick, Dunn, Peter, Krebs, Jeremy, Nirmalaraj, Kingsley, Scott, Russell, Smuts, Nine, Titchener, Janet, Eriksen, Erik, Finnes, Trine, Høivik, Hans, Karlsson, Thomas, Munk, Peter Scott, Radtke, Maria, Risberg, Knut, Rocke, Jan, Solnør, Leidulv, Stenehjem, Aud-Eldrid, Tafjord, Anne-Beathe, Asprusten, Emil, Hagemeier, Robert, Høye, Kjetil, Selsås, Hilde, Thorup, Frode, Wium, Cecilie, Pamugas, Glenda, Panelo, Araceli, Perez, Ronald, Tanque, Maribel, Tirador, Louie, Villa, Michael, Bautista, Albert, Catindig, Elizabeth, Manalo, Carlo, Mirasol, Roberto, Butrymowicz, Patrycja, Ciechanowski, Kazimierz, Cieslik, Grazyna, Franek, Edward, Gumprecht, Janusz, Hoffmann, Michal, Krzykowska, Jolanta, Kurnatowska, Ilona, Landa, Katarzyna, Madrzejewski, Adam, Madziarska, Katarzyna, Mazur, Stanislaw, Napora, Piotr, Nowicki, Michal, Ocicka-Kozakiewicz, Anna, Rewerska, Barbara, Rusicka, Teresa, Ruxer, Jan, Skokowska, Ewa, Stankiewicz, Andrzej, Stompor, Tomasz, Tiuryn-Petrulewicz, Agnieszka, Wasilewska, Katarzyna, Wierusz-Wysocka, Bogna, Wnetrzak-Michalska, Renata, Jedynasty, Krystyna, Anand, Izabela Sein, Almeida, Edgar, Ballesteros, Rosa, Barreto, Carlos, Beirao, Idalina, Birne, Rita, Esteves, Cesar, Guia, Jose, Heitor, Susana, Marques, Olinda, Melo, Pedro, Nolasco, Fernando, Pereira, Amalia, Roque, Cristina, Rosario, Francisco, Silva, Gil, Silva, Ana, Teixeira e Costa, Fernando, Lobos, Ana Vila, Alves, Ana Rita, Brandao, Ilidio, Carvalho, Rui, Coelho, Joao, Lourenco, Ana, Matos, Pedro, Rosario, Vanisa, Neves, Joao Sergio, Cortes-Maisonet, Gregorio, Roman-Miranda, Amaury, Brito-Peguero, Yudit, Colon-Vega, Gildred, Albota, Adrian, Bala, Cornelia, Barbonta, Hortensia, Caceaune, Elena, Catrinoui, Doina, Constantin, Ciprian, Dumitrescu, Adriana, Mindrescu, Nicoleta, Mistode, Cristina, Negrisanu, Gabriela, Onaca, Adriana, Paveliu, Silvia, Pintilei, Ella, Pop, Lavinia, Popa, Amorin, Popescu, Alexandrina, Radulian, Gabriela, Szilagyi, Iosif, Turcu, Liana, Vacaru, Georgeta, Vlad, Adrian, Filimon, Adriana, Veresiu, Ioan, Antsiferov, Mikhail, Arkhipov, Mikhail, Babkin, Andrey, Barbarash, Olga, Baranov, Vitaliy, Chernyavskaya, Elena, Demko, Arkadiy, Dreval, Alexander, Edin, Anton, Ermakova, Polina, Fadeev, Valentin, Galyavich, Albert, Gaysina, Leyla, Gordeev, Ivan, Ipatko, Irina, Kalashnikova, Marina, Khalimov, Yuriy, Klimontov, Vadim, Kobalava, Zhanna, Kosmacheva, Elena, Koziolova, Natalya, Sergey Levashov, Lyudmila Kvitkova, Libis, Roman, Marasaev, Vyacheslav, Malykh, Natalia, Martynenko, Vladimir, Malyutina, Sofya, Merai, Imad, Mkrtumyan, Ashot, Nechaeva, Galina, Petunina, Nina, Palyutin, Shamil, Pimenov, Leonid, Rechkova, Elena, Rodionova, Tatyana, Rymar, Oksana, Sardinov, Ruslan, Semenova, Olga, Sherenkov, Alexander, Solovev, Oleg, Smolyarchuk, Elena, Strongin, Leonid, Ukhanova, Olga, Verlan, Nadezhda, Vorokhobina, Natalya, Yakhontov, Davyd, Yakushin, Sergey, Zakharova, Elena, Zalevskaya, Alsu, Zanozina, Olga, Zhdanova, Elena, Zhukova, Larisa, Zykova, Tatyana, Argunova, Yulia, Nikolaev, Konstantin, Villevalde, Svetlana, Fang Sum, Chee, Suhail, Sufi Muhummad, San Tan, Ru, Vathsala, Anantharaman, Wong, Edmund, Bee, Yong Mong, Babikova, Jana, Buganova, Ingrid, Dzupina, Andrej, Ochodnicka, Zuzana, Sosovec, Dalibor, Spodniakova, Denisa, Minarik, Peter, Fayzal Ahmed, Amod, Aslam, Bhana, Sindeep, Distiller, Larry, Jansen van Rensburg, Dirkie, Joshi, Mukesh, Joshi, Shaifali, Lakha, Deepak, Mitha, Essack, Podgorski, Gracjan, Ranjith, Naresh, Rayner, Brian, Rheeder, Paul, Sarvan, Mohamed, Seeber, Mary, Siebert, Heidi, Tayob, Mohammed, Trokis, Julien, Urbach, Dorothea, van Zyl, Louis, Jansen van Rensburg, Dirkie, Bum-Soon Choi, Choi, Moon Gi, Chung, ChoonHee, Hwang, YouCheol, Kim, ChongHwa, Kim, InJoo, Kim, JaeHyeon, Kim, SinGon, Kim, SungGyun, Kim, Tae Hee, Lee, WooJe, Lee, ByungWan, Lee, Kang Wook, Oh, Kook-Hwan, Oh, Ji Eun, Oh, Yun Kyu, Oh, Dong-Jin, Park, Junbeom, Shin, Seok Joon, Sung, Su-Ah, Yu, Jae Myung, Chung, HyeSoo, Huh, Ji Hye, Kang, JunGoo, Kim, ChulSik, Kim, HyeSoon, Kim, NamHoon, Lim, Soo, Cho, Young Min, Park, Cheol Young, Agraz, Irene, Ampudia, Francisco Javier, Bouarich, Hanane, Calero, Francesca, Castro, Cristina, Guldris, Secundino Cigarrán, Garrit, Josep Cruzado, de Álvaro, Fernando, Galcerán, Josep, Albarrán, Olga González, Jaras, Julio Hernández, Ibernón, Meritxell, Deben, Francisco Martínez, Ma, Esteban, Dolores Martínez, Pascual Izuel, José María, Martins, Judith, Mediavilla, Juan, Michán, Alfredo, Santos, Julio Pascual, Poch, Esteban, Rusillo, Manuel Polaina, Juan, Carlos Sánchez, Olmo, Rafael Santamaría, Segura de la Morena, José Julián, Soto, Alfonso, Troya, Maribel, Castro, Fernando Cereto, Fernández, Pablo Gómez, Sánchez, Laura Fuentes, Moya, Mercedes González, Marrero, Domingo Hernández, Maroto, Gonzalo Piedrola, Redón, Josep, Seron, Daniel, Bruchfeld, Annette, Curiac, Dan, Eliasson, Ken, Frank, Malin, Guron, Gregor, Hellberg, Olof, Hellgren, Margareta, Larnefeldt, Hans, Lindholm, Carl-Johan, Löndahl, Magnus, Rein-Hedin, Erik, Soveri, Inga, Spaak, Jonas, Tengmark, Bengt-Olov, Lif-Tiberg, Cornelia, Månflod, Johan, Nguyen, Han, Ackermann, Daniel, Bilz, Stefan, Burnier, Michel, Forster, Christian, Kalbermatter, Stefan, Kistler, Andreas, Pechère-Bertschi, Antoinette, Schultes, Bernd, Laimer, Markus, Rudofsky, Gottfried, Strey, Christopher, Wuerzner, Gregoire, Chiz-Tzung Chang, Hung, Cheng-Chieh, Jiang, Ju-Ying, Lee, Chien-Te, Lin, Shuei-Liong, Tarng, Der-Cherng, Tu, Shih-Te, Wu, Mai-Szu, Wu, Ming-Ju, Chuang, Lee-Ming, Deerochanawong, Chaicharn, Kitiyakara, Chagriya, Ophascharoensuk, Vuddhidej, Pongchaiyakul, Chatlert, Satirapoj, Bancha, Kosachunhanan, Natapong, Sritara, Piyamitr, Eren, Necmi, Gul, Ibrahim, Gulel, Okan, Kocyigit, Ismail, Kumbasar, Abdulbaki, Sahin, Idris, Sari, Ramazan, Sayin, Burak, Tavli, Talat, Ustundag, Sedat, Yenicerioglu, Yavuz, Badak, Ozer, Cayli, Murat, Oguz, Aytekin, Ozdogan, Oner, Sari, Ibrahim, Temizhan, Ahmet, Tigen, Mustafa, Turk, Ugur, Yilmaz, Huseyin, Yilmaz, Mehmet, Bondarets, Iryna, Botsyurko, Volodymyr, Chernikova, Viktoriia, Donets, Oleksandra, Fushtey, Ivan, Grachova, Mariia, Isayeva, Anna, Kogut, Dmytro, Komisarenko, Julia, Kravchun, Nonna, Malyar, Kateryna, Mankovsky, Borys, Martynyuk, Liliya, Maslyanko, Vitaliy, Myshanych, Halyna, Pererva, Larysa, Pertseva, Nataliia, Serhiyenko, Oleksandr, Smirnov, Ivan, Sokolova, Liubov, Stryzhak, Vasyl, Vlasenko, Maryna, Isayeva, Ganna, Larin, Oleksandr, Ahmad AbouSaleh, Barratt, Jonathan, Dang, Cuong, Kahal, Hassan, Kirk, Adam, Kilvert, Anne, Kon, Sui Phi, McCafferty, Kieran, Patel, Dipesh, Rice, Sam, Vijayaraman, Arutchelvam, Wong, Yuk-ki, Gibson, Martin, Wahba, Mona, Zaidi, Reza, Bilous, Rudy, Johnson, Andrew, Kalathil, Dhanya, Kilvert, Anne, Kyriakidou, Christina, Mathew, Amit, Mukhtar, Rasha, Munsoor, Imrozia, Poterajlo, Anton, Swift, Pauline, Idalia Acosta, Adams, Atoya, Adler, Sharon, Ajani, Dilawar, Ali, Slamat, Alicic, Radica, Al-Karadsheh, Amer, Alla, Sreedhara, Allison, D., Andrawis, Nabil, Arif, Ahmed, Awad, Ahmed, Azizad, Masoud, Bahrami, Michael, Bansal, Shweta, Barag, Steven, Barakzoy, Ahmad, Barney, Mark, Barzilay, Joshua, Bashir, Khalid, Bautista, Jose, Beddhu, Srinivasan, Belo, Diogo, Benjamin, Sabrina, Berenji, Ramin, Bhargava, Anuj, Birriel, Jose, Brietzke, Stephen, Brosius, Frank, Brusco, Osvaldo, Burgner, Anna, Busch, Robert, Canadas, Rafael, Caramori, Maria, Cardona, Jose, Case, Christopher, Cruz, Humberto, Dandillaya, Ramprasad, Dawoud, Dalia, Din, Zia, Dixon, Bradley, Doshi, Ankur, Drakakis, James, El Shahawy, Mahfouz, El-Meanawy, Ashraf, El-Shahawy, Mohammed, Evans, John, Fadda, George, Farooq, Umar, Fernando, Roland, Fink, Raymond, First, Brian, Fitz-Patrick, David, Flack, John, Fluck, Patrick, Fogelfeld, Leon, Fonseca, Vivian, Frias, Juan, Galphin, Claude, Garcia-Mayol, Luis, Goldstein, Gary, Gonzalez, Edgar, Gonzalez-Abreu, Francisco, Gore, Ashwini, Grant, David, Habwe, Violet, Hamilton, Maxine, Hammoud, Jamal, Handelsman, Stuart, Hartman, Israel, Heigerick, Glenn, Henry, Andrew, Hernandez, German, Hernandez-Cassis, Carlos, Herrera, Carlos, Hertel, Joachim, Huang, Wenyu, Iglesias, Rogelio, Iranmanesh, Ali, Jackson, Timothy, Jain, Mahendra, Jamerson, Kenneth, Johnson, Karen, Judd, Eric, Kaplan, Joshua, Kayali, Zeid, Khan, Bobby, Khan, Muhammad, Kharait, Sourabh, Kirkman, M. Sue, Kopyt, Nelson, Kotzker, Wayne, Kovesdy, Csaba, Kreit, Camil, Krishna, Arvind, Kronfli, Saeed, Lee, Keung, LeJeune, Derek, Lemus, Brenda, Leon-Forero, Carlos, Linfert, Douglas, Lora, Henry, Lurie, Alexander, Maddukuri, Geetha, Magno, Alexander, Maletz, Louis, Mandayam, Sreedhar, Markell, Mariana, Mayfield, Ronald, Mbogua, Caroline, McMullen, Dierdre, Meisner, Carl, Minton, Stephen, Mocherla, Bharat, Mohandas, Rajesh, Montero, Manuel, Moustafa, Moustafa, Nadkarni, Salil, Nakhle, Samer, Navarro, Jesus, Neyra, Nilda, Nica, Romanita, Nicol, Philip, Norwood, Paul, Numrungroad, Visal, Donovan, Richard O′, Odugbesan, A., Paoli-Bruno, Jorge, Parikh, Samir, Patel, Rakesh, Peixoto, Aldo, Pergola, Pablo, Perlman, Alan, Pettis, Karlton, Pisoni, Roberto, Ponduchi, Mirela, Posada, Jorge, Prabhakar, Sharma, Radhakrishnan, Jai, Rahman, Mahboob, Raina, Rupesh, Rastogi, Anjay, Reisin, Efrain, Rendell, Marc, Robertson, David, Rocco, Michael, Romeu, Hugo, Rosas, Sylvia, Rosenfeld, Jack, Ross, Dennis, Rothman, Jeffrey, Rudolph, Lance, Ruhullah, Yusuf, Ruoff, Gary, Ryu, Jeffrey, Sahani, Mandeep, Sam, Ramin, Samuels, Garfield, Sanchez, William, Santos, Vladimir, Satko, Scott, Saxena, Sanjeev, Scott, David, Seco, Gilberto, Seek, Melvin, Serota, Harvey, Shafi, Tariq, Shahid, Nauman, Shanik, Michael, Sharma, Santosh, Sinha, Arjun, Smelser, James, Smith, Mark, Soe, Kyaw, Solomon, Richard, Soroka, Eugene, Soufer, Joseph, Spinowitz, Bruce, Spry, Leslie, Suarez, Rosa, Subramanian, Bala, Szerlip, Harold, Tamirisa, Aparna, Thomson, Stephen, Tran, Tuan-Huy, Treger, Richard, Trullenque, Gretel, Turk, Thomas, Umpierrez, Guillermo, Urbach, Daniel, Valdes, Martin, Valika, Shujauddin, Vega, Damaris, Weissman, Peter, Whaley-Connell, Adam, Winston, Jonathan, Wise, Jonathan, Wynne, Alan, Zeig, Steven, Abdel-Rahman, Emaad, Abreu, Edel, Awad, Alaa, Bahri, Nader, Bertsch, John, Bleich, David, Bornfreund, Jonathan, Brar, Harjeet, Brian, Susan, Brinson, Cynthia, Bruschetta, Humberto, Carpio, Jose, Cohen, Steven, Cosby, John, Dhanireddy, Soni, Diaz, Jorge, Dunn, Fredrick, Eppanapally, Sabitha, Fayad, Joseph, Goel, Archana, Govindaraju, Kanakadurga, Halpern, Stephen, Jones, Audrey, Kaye, William, Knight, Herbert, Koch, Stanley, Kohli, Nandini, Lastra, Guido, Lerman, Sam, Loredo, Jorge, Lovre, Dragana, Mandviwala, Mustafa, Martin, Earl, Meyer, Jill, Murray, John, Oliver, David, Oparil, Suzanne, Penabad, Jesus, Pereira, Isabel, Popeil, Larry, Quesada, Gonzalo, Ramanathan, Kodangudi, Ramos-Gonez, Luis, Rastegar, Mandana, Rastogi, Padmashri, Rondon, Juan, Roy-Chaudhury, Prabir, Smith, David, Williamson, Don, Womack, Catherine, Yamout, Hala, Yuryev, Michael, Chu, Phuong, Van Hoang, Lam, Khanh, Tran, Phi Nga, Nguyen Thi, Son, Pham Nguyen, Tran, Lan Phuong, Le, Thuy Khuong, Nguyen, Boi Ngoc, Nguyen, Thao, Nui, Nguyen Minh, Nam, Tran Quang, and Tran, Kim Chi
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

19. Extremity tourniquets raise blood pressure and maintain heart rate

Author: Samuel Seigler, Heather Holman, Maren Downing, Joshua Kim, Taufiek K. Rajab, and Kristen M. Quinn
Subjects: Emergency Medicine, General Medicine
Abstract: Tourniquets have been modified and used for centuries to occlude blood flow to control hemorrhage. More recently, the occlusion of peripheral vessels has been linked to resultant increases in blood pressure, which may provide additional therapeutic potential, particularly during states of low cardiac output.The objective of this study was to investigate a causal relationship between tourniquet application and blood pressure in healthy adults.Healthy adult volunteers were recruited to participate in this IRB-approved study. Each participant met inclusion criteria and demonstrated baseline normotension. Brachial cuff blood pressure and heart rate were recorded pre- and post-tourniquet application to the bilateral legs.Twenty-seven adults aged 22 to 35 years participated and were included in analysis. The average systolic blood pressure was 122 ± 7 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure was 72 ± 9 mmHg, and heart rate was 70 ± 13 bpm. Following bilateral tourniquet application over the femoral vasculature, we observed a statistically significant increase in systolic (7 mmHg, p0.001) and diastolic (4 mmHg, p = 0.05) blood pressures with no significant change in heart rate (2 bpm, p0.05).The elevations in systolic and diastolic blood pressures establish a dependent relationship between tourniquet application to the lower extremities and blood pressure elevation. These results may support new indications for tourniquet-use or extremity vessel occlusion in settings of hemodynamic instability.
Published: 2023

20. Development of droplet entrainment and deposition models for horizontal flow

Author: Schimpf, Joshua Kim, Kim, Kyung Doo, Heo, Jaeseok, and Kim, Byoung Jae
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

21. An uncertainty‐aware deep learning architecture with outlier mitigation for prostate gland segmentation in radiotherapy treatment planning

Author: Xin, Li, Hassan, Bagher-Ebadian, Stephen, Gardner, Joshua, Kim, Mohamed, Elshaikh, Benjamin, Movsas, Dongxiao, Zhu, and Indrin J, Chetty
Subjects: General Medicine
Abstract: Task automation is essential for efficient and consistent image segmentation in radiation oncology. We report on a deep learning architecture, comprising a U-Net and a variational autoencoder (VAE) for automatic contouring of the prostate gland incorporating interobserver variation for radiotherapy treatment planning. The U-Net/VAE generates an ensemble set of segmentations for each image CT slice. A novel outlier mitigation (OM) technique was implemented to enhance the model segmentation accuracy.The primary source dataset (source_prim) consisted of 19 200 CT slices (from 300 patient planning CT image datasets) with manually contoured prostate glands. A smaller secondary source dataset (source_sec) comprised 640 CT slices (from 10 patient CT datasets), where prostate glands were segmented by 5 independent physicians on each dataset to account for interobserver variability. Data augmentation via random rotation (5 degrees), cropping, and horizontal flipping was applied to each dataset to increase sample size by a factor of 100. A probabilistic hierarchical U-Net with VAE was implemented and pretrained using the augmented source_prim dataset for 30 epochs. Model parameters of the U-Net/VAE were fine-tuned using the augmented source_sec dataset for 100 epochs. After the first round of training, outlier contours in the training dataset were automatically detected and replaced by the most accurate contours (based on Dice similarity coefficient, DSC) generated by the model. The U-Net/OM-VAE was retrained using the revised training dataset. Metrics for comparison included DSC, Hausdorff distance (HD, mm), normalized cross-correlation (NCC) coefficient, and center-of-mass (COM) distance (mm).Results for U-Net/OM-VAE with outliers replaced in the training dataset versus U-Net/VAE without OM were as follows: DSC = 0.82 ± 0.01 versus 0.80 ± 0.02 (p = 0.019), HD = 9.18 ± 1.22 versus 10.18 ± 1.35 mm (p = 0.043), NCC = 0.59 ± 0.07 versus 0.62 ± 0.06, and COM = 3.36 ± 0.81 versus 4.77 ± 0.96 mm over the average of 15 contours. For the average of 15 highest accuracy contours, values were as follows: DSC = 0.90 ± 0.02 versus 0.85 ± 0.02, HD = 5.47 ± 0.02 versus 7.54 ± 1.36 mm, and COM = 1.03 ± 0.58 versus 1.46 ± 0.68 mm (p 0.03 for all metrics). Results for the U-Net/OM-VAE with outliers removed were as follows: DSC = 0.78 ± 0.01, HD = 10.65 ± 1.95 mm, NCC = 0.46 ± 0.10, COM = 4.17 ± 0.79 mm for the average of 15 contours, and DSC = 0.88 ± 0.02, HD = 7.00 ± 1.17 mm, COM = 1.58 ± 0.63 mm for the average of 15 highest accuracy contours. All metrics for U-Net/VAE trained on the source_prim and source_sec datasets via pretraining, followed by fine-tuning, show statistically significant improvement over that trained on the source_sec dataset only. Finally, all metrics for U-Net/VAE with or without OM showed statistically significant improvement over those for the standard U-Net.A VAE combined with a hierarchical U-Net and an OM strategy (U-Net/OM-VAE) demonstrates promise toward capturing interobserver variability and produces accurate prostate auto-contours for radiotherapy planning. The availability of multiple contours for each CT slice enables clinicians to determine trade-offs in selecting the "best fitting" contour on each CT slice. Mitigation of outlier contours in the training dataset improves prediction accuracy, but one must be wary of reduction in variability in the training dataset.
Published: 2022

22. Tirzepatide versus insulin glargine as second-line or third-line therapy in type 2 diabetes in the Asia-Pacific region: the SURPASS-AP-Combo trial

Author: Leili Gao, Byung Wan Lee, Manoj Chawla, Joshua Kim, Li Huo, Liying Du, Yan Huang, and Linong Ji
Subjects: General Medicine, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Published: 2023

23. A Multi-Institutional Phase II Trial of Ablative 5-Fraction Stereotactic MR-Guided On-Table Adaptive Radiation Therapy for Borderline Resectable and Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer

Author: Parag Jitendra Parikh, Percy Lee, Daniel A. Low, Joshua Kim, Kathryn E. Mittauer, Michael F Bassetti, Carri K. Glide-Hurst, Ann C. Raldow, Yingli Yang, Lorraine Portelance, Kyle R. Padgett, Bassem Zaki, Rongxiao Zhang, Hyun Kim, Lauren E. Henke, Alex T. Price, Joseph D. Mancias, Christopher L. Williams, John Ng, Ryan Pennell, M. Raphael Pfeffer, Daphne Levin, Adam C. Mueller, Karen E. Mooney, Patrick Kelly, Amish P. Shah, Luca Boldrini, Lorenzo Placidi, Martin Fuss, and Michael D. Chuong
Subjects: Cancer Research, Radiation, Oncology, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging
Published: 2023

24. Cover Art | Outdoor Seating Area at the Visitor's Center

Author: Joshua Kim Chacko
Subjects: General Medicine
Abstract: The cover image for this issue of Catalyst titled, “Outdoor Seating at the Visitor's Center,” showcases the banality of everyday life, which both produces and is produced by militarized extractivism in the name of energy security. The image juxtaposes outdoor lounge furniture with an open pit mine. Dust clouds rise from a seemingly infinite stepped desert that carries anthropogenic traces. The severity of the lines of earth that are being excavated by a machine contrast with the distant horizon that suggests the impossibility of escape from the pit. For more about Joshua Kim’s, please visit https://www.joshkim.net/
Published: 2023

25. V01-07 DECISION POINT FOR BUCCAL MUCOSA GRAFT URETEROPLASTY: AUGMENTED ANASTOMOTIC VERSUS VENTRAL ONLAY TECHNIQUE

Author: Matthew Lee, David Strauss, Julienne Jeong, Jeffrey Wei, Joshua Kim, Ziho Lee, Lee Zhao, Michael Stifelman, and Daniel Eun
Subjects: Urology
Published: 2023

26. Assessment of Perceived Stress and Stress Predictors Among Dental Students: An Institutional- Based Study.

Author: Garg, Ranjana, H. R., Priyadarshini, Jing Yu Lee, Kevin Chee Pheng Neo, Mei Kei Leong, and Joshua Kim Chwen Ting
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

27. Retrospective Seroprevalence of Orthopoxvirus Antibodies among Key Populations, Kenya

Author: Kristi Loeb, Kieran A. Milner, Candice Lemaille, Brielle Martens, Derek Stein, Julie Lajoie, Souradet Y. Shaw, Anne W. Rimoin, Placide Mbala-Kingebeni, Nicole A. Hoff, Ryan S. Noyce, Keith R. Fowke, Joshua Kimani, Lyle McKinnon, and Jason Kindrachuk
Subjects: orthopoxvirus, viruses, sexually transmitted infections, zoonoses, seroprevalence, antibodies, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: We identified a cluster of mpox exposures among key populations in Kenya through retrospective serologic screening. We identified strong seropositivity among sex workers and gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. These findings demonstrate the need for increased mpox surveillance among mpox-endemic and mpox-endemic–adjacent regions in Africa.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

28. NLRP3 inflammasome activation determines the fibrogenic potential of PM2.5 air pollution particles in the lung

Author: Candice Lau, Sydney Kusumoputro, Marissa Huang, Jiulong Li, Jinhong Jiang, Ming Yan, Xiang Wang, Pengju Lu, Shannon Tseng, Chong Hyun Chang, Wei Cao, Yu-Pei Liao, Joshua Kim, Tian Xia, and Pengli Han
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Inflammation, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, Cathepsin B, In vivo, Fibrosis, Pulmonary fibrosis, medicine, Environmental Chemistry, Respiratory system, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Lung, medicine.diagnostic_test, Chemistry, General Medicine, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, medicine.disease, Bronchoalveolar lavage, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cancer research, medicine.symptom, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: Airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is known to cause respiratory inflammation such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung fibrosis. NLRP3 inflammasome activation has been implicated in these diseases; however, due to the complexity in PM2.5 compositions, it is difficult to differentiate the roles of the components in triggering this pathway. We collected eight real-life PM2.5 samples for a comparative analysis of their effects on NLRP3 inflammasome activation and lung fibrosis. In vitro assays showed that although the PM2.5 particles did not induce significant cytotoxicity at the dose range of 12.5 to 100 µg/mL, they induced potent TNF-α and IL-1β production in PMA differentiated THP-1 human macrophages and TGF-β1 production in BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells. At the dose of 100 µg/mL, PM2.5 induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation by inducing lysosomal damage and cathepsin B release, leading to IL-1β production. This was confirmed by using NLRP3- and ASC-deficient cells as well as a cathepsin B inhibitor, ca-074 ME. Administration of PM2.5 via oropharyngeal aspiration at 2 mg/kg induced significant TGF-β1 production in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and collagen deposition in the lung at 21 days post-exposure, suggesting PM2.5 has the potential to induce pulmonary fibrosis. The ranking of in vitro IL-1β production correlates well with the in vivo total cell count, TGF-β1 production, and collagen deposition. In summary, we demonstrate that the PM2.5 is capable of inducing NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which triggers a series of cellular responses in the lung to induce fibrosis.
Published: 2022

29. How does CBCT reconstruction algorithm impact on deformably mapped targets and accumulated dose distributions?

Author: Bo Zhao, K Snyder, Ibrahim Aref, Stephen J Gardner, N Wen, Farzan Siddiqui, D. Pradhan, Chang Liu, Weihua Mao, Joshua Kim, H Li, Indrin J. Chetty, A Kumarasiri, Benjamin Movsas, Joon Lee, and Mohamed A. Elshaikh
Subjects: Male, Cone beam computed tomography, iCBCT, Image registration, Image processing, Dose distribution, computer.software_genre, Spiral Cone-Beam Computed Tomography, Voxel, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Radiation Oncology Physics, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Radiometry, Instrumentation, Mathematics, Radiation, business.industry, Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted, Reconstruction algorithm, Cone-Beam Computed Tomography, Data set, deformable dose accumulation, Nuclear medicine, business, computer, Algorithms
Abstract: Purpose We performed quantitative analysis of differences in deformable image registration (DIR) and deformable dose accumulation (DDA) computed on CBCT datasets reconstructed using the standard (Feldkamp‐Davis‐Kress: FDK_CBCT) and a novel iterative (iterative_CBCT) CBCT reconstruction algorithms. Methods Both FDK_CBCT and iterative_CBCT images were reconstructed for 323 fractions of treatment for 10 prostate cancer patients. Planning CT images were deformably registered to each CBCT image data set. After daily dose distributions were computed, they were mapped to planning CT to obtain deformed doses. Dosimetric and image registration results based CBCT images reconstructed by two algorithms were compared at three levels: (A) voxel doses over entire dose calculation volume, (B) clinical constraint results on targets and sensitive structures, and (C) contours propagated to CBCT images using DIR results based on three algorithms (SmartAdapt, Velocity, and Elastix) were compared with manually delineated contours as ground truth. Results (A) Average daily dose differences and average normalized DDA differences between FDK_CBCT and iterative_CBCT were ≤1 cGy. Maximum daily point dose differences increased from 0.22 ± 0.06 Gy (before the deformable dose mapping operation) to 1.33 ± 0.38 Gy after the deformable dose mapping. Maximum differences of normalized DDA per fraction were up to 0.80 Gy (0.42 ± 0.19 Gy). (B) Differences in target minimum doses were up to 8.31 Gy (−0.62 ± 4.60 Gy) and differences in critical structure doses were 0.70 ± 1.49 Gy. (C) For mapped prostate contours based on iterative_CBCT (relative to standard FDK_CBCT), dice similarity coefficient increased by 0.10 ± 0.09 (p
Published: 2021

30. Devices to enhance organ perfusion during cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Author: Taufiek Konrad Rajab, Matthew Bridges, Jennie H. Kwon, Julie B. Siegel, Kristen Quinn, Brielle Gerry, and Joshua Kim
Subjects: medicine.medical_treatment, education, Biomedical Engineering, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Return of spontaneous circulation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, health services administration, Electric Impedance, Humans, Medicine, cardiovascular diseases, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, health care economics and organizations, business.industry, General Medicine, Thorax, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Perfusion, Anesthesia, Surgery, business, therapeutics, Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: The recommended method of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has been closed-chest cardiac compressions, but the development of CPR adjunctive devices has called into question the efficacy and role of these adjunctive devices. In this review, we provide a comprehensive evaluation and discussion on the commercially available noninvasive CPR adjuncts used during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).We review the three most common CPR adjunctive devices: the piston mechanism, the load distributing band, and the impedance threshold device. All three CPR adjunctive devices have preclinical data to support their use during cardiac arrest. In clinical trials, limited data show improvement in survival and neurologic recovery for these devices, and there is insufficient high-level evidence to support their use over manual chest compressions. However, there is a role for them when adequate manual chest compressions are not feasible.The commercially available CPR adjuncts do not consistently show improved outcomes in the literature. There is still a need for research and development into innovative solutions to improve OHCA survival and neurologic recovery. Efforts focused on increasing the speed of CPR initiation and increasing perfusion to the cerebral and coronary vasculature have the potential to advance resuscitative practices.
Published: 2021

31. Six Post-COVID-19 Provocations

Author: Edward Maloney and Joshua Kim
Subjects: Higher education, Inequality, business.industry, Status quo, media_common.quotation_subject, Distance education, Gloom, Educational technology, General Medicine, Space (commercial competition), Public relations, Political science, business, Inclusion (education), media_common
Abstract: How will higher education be different postpandemic? How might colleges and universities build on the lessons of COVID-19 to evolve their institutions? We do not yet know the answers to these questions. Likely, the changes to higher education after widespread vaccination and a "return to normal" will vary greatly from college to college. Just as there was no "one way" to run a university pre-COVID-19, there exists no single template or model to guide the post-COVID-19 university. What we do know is that now is the time to start figuring out what comes next. If colleges and universities fail to plan for life after COVID-19, then they will most likely slide back to the pre-COVID-19 status quo. The postpandemic higher education story, however, is not all doom and gloom. COVID-19 may have revealed and exacerbated the economic challenges and structural inequalities that characterize U.S. postsecondary education, but the pandemic has also created space for new ways of thinking and acting.
Published: 2021

32. The University and the Global Knowledge Society

Author: Joshua Kim
Subjects: Cultural Studies, Sociology and Political Science, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous)
Published: 2021

33. Associations of hair cortisol levels with violence, poor mental health, and harmful alcohol and other substance use among female sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya

Author: Mamtuti Panneh, Qingming Ding, Rhoda Kabuti, The Maisha Fiti study champions, John Bradley, Polly Ngurukiri, Mary Kungu, Tanya Abramsky, James Pollock, Alicja Beksinska, Pooja Shah, Erastus Irungu, Mitzy Gafos, Janet Seeley, Helen A. Weiss, Abdelbaset A. Elzagallaai, Michael J. Rieder, Rupert Kaul, Joshua Kimani, and Tara Beattie
Subjects: Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: Abstract Violence, poor mental health, and harmful substance use are commonly experienced by female sex workers (FSWs) in sub-Saharan Africa, all of which are associated with increased HIV susceptibility. We aimed to investigate the associations between violence, poor mental health and harmful alcohol/substance use with hair cortisol concentration (HCC) levels as a potential biological pathway linking the experiences of these stressors and HIV vulnerability. We used the baseline data of the Maisha Fiti study of FSWs in Nairobi, Kenya. Participants reported recent violence, poor mental health, and harmful alcohol/substance use. Hair samples proximal to the scalp were collected to measure cortisol levels determined by ELISA. We analysed the data of 425 HIV-negative respondents who provided at least 2 cm of hair sample. The prevalence of recent violence was 89.3% (physical 54.6%; sexual 49.4%; emotional 77.0% and financial 66.5%), and 29.1% had been arrested due to sex work. 23.7% of participants reported moderate/severe depression, 11.6% moderate/severe anxiety, 13.5% PTSD and 10.8% recent suicidal thoughts and/or attempts. About half of the participants (48.8%) reported recent harmful alcohol and/or other substance use. In multivariable linear regression analyses, both physical and/or sexual violence (adjusted geometric mean ratio (aGMR) = 1.28; 95% CI 1.01–1.62) and harmful alcohol and/or other substance use (aGMR = 1.31; 95% CI 1.03–1.65) were positively and independently associated with increased HCC levels. Findings suggest a role of violence and substance use in elevated HCC levels, which could increase HIV risk due to cortisol-related T cell activation. However, longitudinal and mechanistic studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

34. Association of internal and external motion based on cine MR images acquired during real-time treatment on MRI-Linac for lung cancer patients

Author: Weihua Mao, Joshua Kim, and Indrin J. Chetty
Subjects: Oncology, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging
Published: 2023

35. Safety and immunogenicity following a homologous booster dose of a SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein vaccine (NVX-CoV2373): a secondary analysis of a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial

Author: Raburn M Mallory, Neil Formica, Susan Pfeiffer, Bethanie Wilkinson, Alex Marcheschi, Gary Albert, Heather McFall, Michelle Robinson, Joyce S Plested, Mingzhu Zhu, Shane Cloney-Clark, Bin Zhou, Gordon Chau, Andreana Robertson, Sonia Maciejewski, Holly L Hammond, Lauren Baracco, James Logue, Matthew B Frieman, Gale Smith, Nita Patel, Gregory M Glenn, Mark Adams, Mark Arya, Eugene Athan, Ira Berger, Paul Bradley, Toby Briskin, Richard Glover II, Paul Griffin, Joshua Kim, Scott Kitchener, Terry Klein, Amber Leah, Indika Leelasena, Charlotte Lemech, Jason Lickliter, Mary Beth Manning, Fiona Napier-Flood, Paul Nugent, Susan Thackwray, and Mark Turner
Subjects: Adult, Vaccines, COVID-19 Vaccines, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Antibodies, Viral, Infectious Diseases, Immunogenicity, Vaccine, Adjuvants, Immunologic, Double-Blind Method, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Humans, Female, Pandemics
Abstract: Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and evidence of waning vaccine efficacy present substantial obstacles towards controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. Booster doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines might address these concerns by amplifying and broadening the immune responses seen with initial vaccination regimens. We aimed to assess the immunogenicity and safety of a homologous booster dose of a SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein vaccine (NVX-CoV2373).This secondary analysis of a phase 2, randomised study assessed a single booster dose of a SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein vaccine with Matrix-M adjuvant (NVX-CoV2373) in healthy adults aged 18-84 years, recruited from 17 clinical centres in the USA and Australia. Eligible participants had a BMI of 17-35 kg/msup2/supand, for women, were heterosexually inactive or using contraception. Participants who had a history of SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2, confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, serious chronic medical conditions, or were pregnant or breastfeeding were excluded. Approximately 6 months following their primary two-dose vaccination series (administered day 0 and day 21), participants who received placebo for their primary vaccination series received a placebo booster (group A) and participants who received NVX-CoV2373 for their primary vaccination series (group B) were randomly assigned (1:1) again, via centralised interactive response technology system, to receive either placebo (group B1) or a single booster dose of NVX-CoV2373 (5 μg SARS-CoV-2 rS with 50 μg Matrix-M adjuvant; group B2) via intramuscular injection; randomisation was stratified by age and study site. Vaccinations were administered by designated site personnel who were masked to treatment assignment, and participants and other site staff were also masked. Administration personnel also assessed the outcome. The primary endpoints are safety (unsolicited adverse events) and reactogenicity (solicited local and systemic) events and immunogenicity (serum IgG antibody concentrations for the SARS-CoV-2 rS protein antigen) assessed 14 days after the primary vaccination series (day 35) and 28 days following booster (day 217). Safety was analysed in all participants in groups A, B1, and B2, according to the treatment received; immunogenicity was analysed in the per-protocol population (ie, participants in groups A, B1, and B2) who received all assigned doses and who did not test SARS-CoV-2-positive or received an authorised vaccine, analysed according to treatment assignment). This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04368988.1610 participants were screened from Aug 24, 2020, to Sept 25, 2020. 1282 participants were enrolled, of whom 173 were assigned again to placebo (group A), 106 were re-randomised to NVX-CoV2373-placebo (group B1), and 104 were re-randomised to NVX-CoV2373-NVX-CoV2373 (group B2); after accounting for exclusions and incorrect administration, 172 participants in group A, 102 in group B1, and 105 in group B2 were analysed for safety. Following the active booster, the proportion of participants with available data reporting local (80 [82%] of 97 participants had any adverse event; 13 [13%] had a grade ≥3 event) and systemic (75 [77%] of 98 participants had any adverse event; 15 [15%] had a grade ≥3 event) reactions was higher than after primary vaccination (175 [70%] of 250 participants had any local adverse event, 13 [5%] had a grade ≥3 event; 132 [53%] of 250 had any systemic adverse event, 14 [6%] had a grade ≥3 event). Local and systemic events were transient in nature (median duration 1·0-2·5 days). In the per-protocol immunogenicity population at day 217 (167 participants in group A, 101 participants in group B1, 101 participants in group B2), IgG geometric mean titres (GMT) had increased by 4·7-fold and MNsub50/subGMT by 4·1-fold for the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain compared with the day 35 titres.Administration of a booster dose of NVX-CoV2373 resulted in an incremental increase in reactogenicity. For both the prototype strain and all variants evaluated, immune responses following the booster were similar to or higher than those associated with high levels of efficacy in phase 3 studies of the vaccine. These data support the use of NVX-CoV2373 in booster programmes.Novavax and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations.
Published: 2022

36. Research ethics preparedness during outbreaks and public health emergencies: Focus on community engagement

Author: Raffaella Ravinetto, Joyce Adhiambo, and Joshua Kimani
Subjects: Ethics, BJ1-1725
Abstract: Research represents an essential component of the response to infectious disease outbreaks and to other public health emergencies, whether they are localised, of international concern, or global. Research conducted in such contexts also comes with particular ethics challenges, the awareness of which has significantly grown following the Ebola outbreak in West Africa, the Zika outbreak in Latin America and the COVID-19 pandemic. These challenges include the need for implementing meaningful community engagement with the researched communities, not just to build unidirectional trust towards the research team, but to achieve a genuine and mutually respectful partnership before, during and after the research. Here, we describe the real-life experience of 10 well-established research clinics in Nairobi, where a successful experience of community engagement linking prevention and care to research was interrupted during the COVID19 pandemic. We contrast this experience with the concept and processes of community engagement as described in selected scientific manuscripts and guidelines, to formulate some conclusions and recommendations. We contend that more action is needed, from research ethics committees and other key-research stakeholders, to align policies and practices with ethics guidance and with evidence-based recommendations from the academic literature, to achieve meaningful community engagement during emergency research, irrespective of the scale and location of an outbreak or public health crisis. Failure to do so, will aggravate the (postcolonial) asymmetries of power in global health and local systems.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

37. Estradiol-mediated enhancement of the human ectocervical epithelial barrier correlates with desmoglein-1 expression in the follicular menstrual phase

Author: Frideborg Bradley, Alexandra Stern, Mathias Franzén Boger, Zaynab Mousavian, Olga Dethlefsen, Vilde Kaldhusdal, Julie Lajoie, Kenneth Omollo, Sofia Bergström, Anna Månberg, Peter Nilsson, Joshua Kimani, Adam D. Burgener, Annelie Tjernlund, Christopher Sundling, Keith R. Fowke, and Kristina Broliden
Subjects: estradiol, progesterone, desmoglein-1, ectocervix, menstrual cycle, protein marker, Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, RC648-665
Abstract: BackgroundThe cervicovaginal epithelial barrier is crucial for defending the female reproductive tract against sexually transmitted infections. Hormones, specifically estradiol and progesterone, along with their respective receptor expressions, play an important role in modulating this barrier. However, the influence of estradiol and progesterone on gene and protein expression in the ectocervical mucosa of naturally cycling women is not well understood.MethodsMucosal and blood samples were collected from Kenyan female sex workers at high risk of sexually transmitted infections. All samples were obtained at two time points, separated by two weeks, aiming for the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Ectocervical tissue biopsies were analyzed by RNA-sequencing and in situ immunofluorescence staining, cervicovaginal lavage samples (CVL) were evaluated using protein profiling, and plasma samples were analyzed for hormone levels.ResultsUnsupervised clustering of RNA-sequencing data was performed using Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). In the follicular phase, estradiol levels positively correlated with a gene module representing epithelial structure and function, and negatively correlated with a gene module representing cell cycle regulation. These correlations were confirmed using regression analysis including adjustment for bacterial vaginosis status. Using WGCNA, no gene module correlated with progesterone levels in the follicular phase. In the luteal phase, no gene module correlated with either estradiol or progesterone levels. Protein profiling on CVL revealed that higher levels of estradiol during the follicular phase correlated with increased expression of epithelial barrier integrity markers, including DSG1. This contrasted to the limited correlations of protein expression with estradiol levels in the luteal phase. In situ imaging analysis confirmed that higher estradiol levels during the follicular phase correlated with increased DSG1 expression.ConclusionWe demonstrate that estradiol levels positively correlate with specific markers of ectocervical epithelial structure and function, particularly DSG1, during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Neither progesterone levels during the follicular phase nor estradiol and progesterone levels during the luteal phase correlated with any specific sets of gene markers. These findings align with the expression of estradiol and progesterone receptors in the ectocervical epithelium during these menstrual phases.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

38. Uptake of cervical cancer screening among sex workers living with HIV in Nairobi, Kenya: a cross-sectional study

Author: Maureen Akolo, Lawrence Gelmon, Horatius Musembi, Benard Mutwiri, Isabel Kambo, Joshua Kimani, and Christopher Akolo
Subjects: Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Background: Hospitals within Nairobi County, Kenya, offer cervical cancer screening services. However, most female sex workers do not seek this service. Objective: To determine uptake of cervical cancer screening among female sex workers living with HIV in Nairobi, Kenya. Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Methods: Computerized simple random sampling was used to select 75 study participants who met the inclusion criteria; data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The study was carried out among female sex workers living with HIV in Nairobi, Kenya, attending the Sex Workers Outreach Program. Results: 40% ( n = 30) of respondents were aged 18–25 years. Only 45.3% (34) had been screened for cervical cancer within the last 1 year. 65.3% ( n = 49) of respondents knew that cervical cancer affects the cervix but were not aware of what caused the disease. 77.6% ( n = 58) found the 8 am–5 pm health facility opening hours a hinderance to seeking services and 66.7% ( n = 50) found the screening method uncomfortable. Cultural practices and beliefs fostered stigma in 39.2% ( n = 29) of the sex workers; hence, they did not seek out services. Conclusion: Lack of information, cultural barriers, and facility operating hours prevent female sex workers living with HIV from getting tested for cervical cancer. These barriers once addressed could improve cervical cancer screening uptake among this high-risk population.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

39. Design and synthesis of endocannabinoid enzyme inhibitors for ocular indications

Author: Alan Fulp, Sarah Bingham, Bethany Fisler, Felice Kho, Joshua Kim, So Jung Kim, Tabitha Martin, Bailey Mims, Kezia Reji Thomas, Grace Roe, Julia Spiotta, Julianna Young, and Matthew Lazenka
Subjects: Organic Chemistry, Clinical Biochemistry, Drug Discovery, Pharmaceutical Science, Molecular Medicine, Animals, Enzyme Inhibitors, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Monoacylglycerol Lipases, Amidohydrolases, Endocannabinoids, Rats
Abstract: A small library of FAAH and dual FAAH/MAGL inhibitors designed for peripheral selectivity were targeted. Of these compounds, three were identified to have desirable FAAH inhibition and reduced permeability in a PAMPA assay. Those three compounds were advanced into a MAGL inhibitor assay and one was found to be a relative selective FAAH inhibitor, FAAH to MAGL IC
Published: 2022

40. On the Design of Food Labeling Policies

Author: Nano Barahona, Cristóbal Otero, Sebastián Otero, and Joshua Kim
Published: 2022

41. Outcomes Following Mechanochemical Ablation Of The Great And Small Saphenous Veins Based On Diameter

Author: Anna Beth West, Joshua Kim, Ravi R. Rajani, Christopher Ramos, and Jaime Benarroch-Gampel
Subjects: Surgery, General Medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Published: 2023

42. Point-of-Care Ultrasound Diagnosis of Achilles Tendon Rupture in Pediatric Patients

Author: Rebecca Starr, Paul A. Khalil, Ndah Akwesi Poteh, Amar V. Singh, and Joshua Kim
Subjects: musculoskeletal diseases, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Point-of-Care Systems, Physical examination, Achilles Tendon, Tendon Injuries, medicine, Humans, Child, Ultrasonography, Rupture, Achilles tendon, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Point of care ultrasound, Ultrasound, General Medicine, musculoskeletal system, Surgery, Adolescent population, medicine.anatomical_structure, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Emergency Medicine, Achilles tendon rupture, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Achilles tendon injuries are common in the adolescent population, particularly in individuals who participate in sports. The diagnosis of Achilles tendon rupture can be missed on clinical examination in 20% to 30% of patients. In the adult literature, there are several case reports describing the diagnosis of Achilles tendon rupture by point-of-care ultrasound POCUS. There is currently no literature examining POCUS for the diagnosis of Achilles tendon rupture in pediatric patients. This case series describes 2 pediatric patients who were diagnosed with Achilles tendon rupture by POCUS.
Published: 2021

43. A Suite of Mobile Conversational Agents for Daily Stress Management (Popbots): Mixed Methods Exploratory Study

Author: Nikhil Gowda, Dorien Simon, Grace Hon, Dan Jurafsky, Emmanuel Thierry Lincoln, Matthew Louis Mauriello, Parsa Nowruzi, Luke Hansen, Nathaniel H Goenawan, Joshua Kim, Nantanick Tantivasadakarn, Pablo Paredes, and Marco Antonio Mora-Mendoza
Subjects: Stress management, stress management, Applied psychology, Exploratory research, Psychological intervention, Medicine (miscellaneous), Health Informatics, computer.software_genre, Chatbot, stress, conversational agents, exploratory, Original Paper, therapy, mobile phone, support, Suite, Stressor, chatbot, Mental health, Computer Science Applications, Test (assessment), stress relief, Psychology, virtual agent, computer, mental health
Abstract: Background Approximately 60%-80% of the primary care visits have a psychological stress component, but only 3% of patients receive stress management advice during these visits. Given recent advances in natural language processing, there is renewed interest in mental health chatbots. Conversational agents that can understand a user’s problems and deliver advice that mitigates the effects of daily stress could be an effective public health tool. However, such systems are complex to build and costly to develop. Objective To address these challenges, our aim is to develop and evaluate a fully automated mobile suite of shallow chatbots—we call them Popbots—that may serve as a new species of chatbots and further complement human assistance in an ecosystem of stress management support. Methods After conducting an exploratory Wizard of Oz study (N=14) to evaluate the feasibility of a suite of multiple chatbots, we conducted a web-based study (N=47) to evaluate the implementation of our prototype. Each participant was randomly assigned to a different chatbot designed on the basis of a proven cognitive or behavioral intervention method. To measure the effectiveness of the chatbots, the participants’ stress levels were determined using self-reported psychometric evaluations (eg, web-based daily surveys and Patient Health Questionnaire-4). The participants in these studies were recruited through email and enrolled on the web, and some of them participated in follow-up interviews that were conducted in person or on the web (as necessary). Results Of the 47 participants, 31 (66%) completed the main study. The findings suggest that the users viewed the conversations with our chatbots as helpful or at least neutral and came away with increasingly positive sentiment toward the use of chatbots for proactive stress management. Moreover, those users who used the system more often (ie, they had more than or equal to the median number of conversations) noted a decrease in depression symptoms compared with those who used the system less often based on a Wilcoxon signed-rank test (W=91.50; Z=−2.54; P=.01; r=0.47). The follow-up interviews with a subset of the participants indicated that half of the common daily stressors could be discussed with chatbots, potentially reducing the burden on human coping resources. Conclusions Our work suggests that suites of shallow chatbots may offer benefits for both users and designers. As a result, this study’s contributions include the design and evaluation of a novel suite of shallow chatbots for daily stress management, a summary of benefits and challenges associated with random delivery of multiple conversational interventions, and design guidelines and directions for future research into similar systems, including authoring chatbot systems and artificial intelligence–enabled recommendation algorithms.
Published: 2021

44. Successful treatment of vertebral osteomyelitis due toAspergillus flavusin an immunocompetent patient

Author: Myong Gyu Joshua Kim and Kristen Overton
Subjects: General Medicine
Abstract: Aspergillus osteomyelitis (AO) is a rare and often lethal opportunistic infection in predominantly immunocompromised patients. Treatment has shifted from amphotericin therapy to voriconazole monotherapy due to increased effectiveness and less toxicity. We report a case of an immunocompetent woman with vertebral osteomyelitis due toAspergillus flavuswho was successfully treated with surgery (requiring hardware implantation) and monotherapy posaconazole (following intolerance and hepatitis due to voriconazole). She remained well at follow-up post cessation of 12 months of antifungal therapy. We provide an updated literature review examining the role of azole monotherapy as the gold standard of treatment for AO.
Published: 2022

45. A subacute presentation ofMycoplasma hominisprosthetic valve endocarditis

Author: Myong Gyu Joshua Kim, Susannah Payne, and Jeffrey Post
Subjects: General Medicine
Abstract: Mycoplasma hominisis a rare but important cause of prosthetic valve endocarditis. It is usually associated with acute progression of symptoms and can be difficult to diagnose as it does not grow in standard culture media. We report a case of an immunocompetent man in his 70s who presented with 14-month subacute decline with shortness of breath and evidence of a splenic infarct. Following a redo aortic valve replacement and diagnosis ofM. hoministhrough 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid PCR, he improved clinically with oral doxycycline therapy. He remained well at follow-up 2 years post-cessation of antibiotics. We present a literature review highlighting the role of PCR testing in the microbiological identification ofM. hominis.
Published: 2022

46. PO-620-06 VALIDATION OF RISK SCORE PREDICTING NEED FOR PACEMAKER IMPLANT AFTER TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT

Author: Joshua Kim, George Black, emily perdoncin, Nikoloz Shekiladze, Patrick Gleason, Kendra Grubb, Chandan Devireddy, Neal Kumar Bhatia, Faisal M. Merchant, Mikhael F. El-Chami, Stacy B. Westerman, Anand D. Shah, Angel R. Leon, Michael S. Lloyd, and Soroosh Kiani
Subjects: Physiology (medical), Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Published: 2022

47. Evaluation of Auto-Contouring and Dose Distributions for Online Adaptive Radiation Therapy of Patients With Locally Advanced Lung Cancers

Author: Weihua Mao, Jeff Riess, Joshua Kim, Sean Vance, Indrin J. Chetty, Benjamin Movsas, and Annette Kretzler
Subjects: Organs at Risk, Lung Neoplasms, Oncology, Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Radiotherapy Dosage, Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: Retrospective studies were performed to evaluate the accuracy of automatically mapped structures and dosimetric consequences of daily online adaptive radiation therapy (ART) for lung cancer treatments.Ten patients with locally advanced lung cancer (prescription = 2 Gy × 30) with 297 fractions of treatment were selected for this retrospective study on a research emulator (Ethos, Varian Medical Systems). All adaptive treatments were simulated twice: automatic-ART (A-ART), automatic contours were used without modification, and supervised-ART (S-ART), automatic contours were modified manually by physicians and physicists. Dosimetric results were analyzed by relating supervised scheduled (S-SCH) dose (initial baseline reference plan delivered on daily anatomy and supervised contour correction without any adaptation), A-ART and S-ART to the initial baseline reference dose.Two hundred ninety (of 297) fractions were analyzed. Comparing target volumes between A-ART and S-ART, dice similarity coefficient was 0.93 ± 0.05, mean contour distance was 1.5 ± 1.2 mm, and Hausdorff distance was 4.0 ± 2.3 mm. Analysis of daily results over 290 fractions of treatment showed that average target coverage improved from 0.96 ± 0.04 (S-SCH) to 1.00 ± 0.02 (A-ART) and 1.02 ± 0.04 (S-ART); average upper dose constraint was reduced from 1.01 ± 0.11 (S-SCH) to 0.94 ± 0.10 (A-ART) and 0.93 ± 0.12 (S-ART). A-ART and S-ART improved planning target volume minimum doses by 4.85 ± 3.03 Gy (P = .049) and 4.46 ± 8.99 Gy (P = .058), respectively. Statistical analysis shows that A-ART and S-ART significantly improved cumulative target dose by 0.033 ± 0.087 (P = .002) and 0.032 ± 0.086 (P = .003) and reduced upper constraints by 0.033 ± 0.072 (P.001) and 0.032 ± 0.072 (P.001) relative to S-SCH dose results, respectively.Accuracy of Ethos automatic contouring for lung cancer is considered clinically acceptable. The online adaptive radiation therapy improves target coverage and spares organs-at-risk significantly.
Published: 2021

48. 14-3-3ζ: A suppressor of inflammatory arthritis

Author: Joseph Holoshitz, Youjie Zhang, Joshua Kim, Ritu Chakravarti, Saurabh Chattopadhyay, Krista Chun, Blair Mell, Jenna McGowan, Bina Joe, and Piotr J. Czernik
Subjects: Male, Inflammatory arthritis, Freund's Adjuvant, Arthritis, Antibodies, Proinflammatory cytokine, Pathogenesis, Immune system, Bone Density, Animals, Medicine, RNA, Messenger, Inflammation, Multidisciplinary, biology, Terpenes, business.industry, Immunization, Passive, Interleukin, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Biological Sciences, medicine.disease, Rats, 14-3-3 Proteins, Gene Expression Regulation, Immunology, biology.protein, Female, Collagen, Bone Diseases, Antibody, Signal transduction, business, Gene Deletion
Abstract: Inflammatory arthritis (IA) is a common disease that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Proinflammatory events during IA pathogenesis are well studied; however, loss of protective immunity remains underexplored. Earlier, we reported that 14-3-3zeta (ζ) has a role in T-cell polarization and interleukin (IL)-17A signal transduction. Here, we demonstrate that 14-3-3ζ knockout (KO) rats develop early-onset severe arthritis in two independent models of IA, pristane-induced arthritis and collagen-induced arthritis. Arthritic 14-3-3ζ KO animals showed an increase in bone loss and immune cell infiltration in synovial joints. Induction of arthritis coincided with the loss of anti-14-3-3ζ antibodies; however, rescue experiments to supplement the 14-3-3ζ antibody by passive immunization did not suppress arthritis. Instead, 14-3-3ζ immunization during the presymptomatic phase resulted in significant suppression of arthritis in both wild-type and 14-3-3ζ KO animals. Mechanistically, 14-3-3ζ KO rats exhibited elevated inflammatory gene signatures at the messenger RNA and protein levels, particularly for IL-1β. Furthermore, the immunization with recombinant 14-3-3ζ protein suppressed IL-1β levels, significantly increased anti-14-3-3ζ antibody levels and collagen production, and preserved bone quality. The 14-3-3ζ protein increased collagen expression in primary rat mesenchymal cells. Together, our findings indicate that 14-3-3ζ causes immune suppression and extracellular remodeling, which lead to a previously unrecognized IA-suppressive function.
Published: 2021

49. Efficacy and safety of a universal influenza A vaccine (MVA-NP+M1) in adults when given after seasonal quadrivalent influenza vaccine immunisation (FLU009): a phase 2b, randomised, double-blind trial

Author: Thomas G Evans, Louise Bussey, Elizabeth Eagling-Vose, Kathryn Rutkowski, Chris Ellis, Chris Argent, Paul Griffin, Joshua Kim, Susan Thackwray, Sepehr Shakib, Julia Doughty, John Gillies, Jian Wu, Julian Druce, Melinda Pryor, and Sarah Gilbert
Subjects: Infectious Diseases, Double-Blind Method, Influenza Vaccines, Influenza, Human, Vaccination, Animals, Humans, Vaccinia virus, Seasons, Vaccines, Combined
Abstract: In animal, epidemiological, and human challenge studies, a pre-existing T-cell response to internal proteins of influenza A has been associated with improved virological and disease outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess whether inducing additional responses to conserved CD4 and CD8 T-cell antigens provides added benefit to standard influenza vaccination.We designed a phase 2b, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of a recombinant viral-vectored vaccine (modified vaccinia Ankara expressing virus nucleoprotein and matrix protein 1; MVA-NP+M1), which has been shown to induce both CD4 and CD8 T cells, at eight outpatient clinical trial sites in Australia over two consecutive influenza seasons. We recruited non-immunosuppressed adults (≥18 years) who had received the 2019 quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) vaccine within 28 days before study enrolment and randomisation (day 0). Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) according to a computer-generated random sequence to receive one dose of 1·5 × 10Between April 2 and June 14, 2019, 2152 adults were randomly allocated and received MVA-NP+M1 (n=1077) or placebo (n=1075), comprising the efficacy (ITT) analysis set. Participants were followed up throughout the 2019 Australia influenza season (May 1 to Oct 15, 2019). 419 (19·5%) of 2152 participants were aged 65 years or older. The incidence of laboratory-confirmed influenza did not differ between the MVA-NP+M1 group (35 of 1077 participants; 3·25% [95% CI 2·31-4·44]) and the placebo group (23 of 1075; 2·14% [1·39-3·14]; Fisher's exact p=0·14). 23 severe solicited local injection site reactions were reported in 13 (0·6%) of 2152 participants, 22 of which were reported in the MVA-NP + M1 group (in 12 [1·1%] participants). 100 severe systemic events were reported in 45 (4·2%) MVA-NP + M1 recipients, and 20 were reported in 14 (1·3%) placebo recipients. Three unsolicited grade 3 events in three participants (two headache and one nausea, all in the MVA-NP+M1 group) were deemed vaccine related. 21 serious adverse events were reported in 18 (1·7%) of 1077 participants in the MVA-NP+M1 group and 25 serious adverse events were reported in 22 (2·0%) of 1075 participants in the placebo group; none were considered vaccine related. The trial was stopped after one season for futility on the recommendation of the data monitoring committee.MVA-NP+M1 was well tolerated with no vaccine-associated serious adverse events. A vaccine designed to induce moderate T-cell responses to the cross-reactive internal proteins of influenza A did not lead to improved incidence when given within 28 days after standard QIV immunisation. A greater magnitude of T-cell response with a different vaccine or regimen, or localisation in the lungs via alternative delivery, such as intranasal or aerosol, might be successful and require further investigation.Vaccitech.
Published: 2021

50. Toward improving anal health care among GBMSM in Kenya: Lessons from a patient’s illness, treatment and recovery journey

Author: Samuel Anyula Gorigo, Collins Owek, Zipporah Mwangangi, Harram Memon, Isham Umair, Pascal Macharia, John Mathenge, James Blanchard, Lyle R. McKinnon, Joshua Kimani, Stephen Moses, Parinita Bhattacharjee, Caroline Ngunu-Gituathi, Marissa Becker, Sushena Reza-Paul, Lisa Lazarus, Matthew Thomann, and Robert Lorway
Subjects: GBMSM, Kenya, HPV, HIV, key populations, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: We aimed to illuminate the challenges of treating anal diseases among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in a homophobic climate amid resource constraints. Building on a long-term Kenyan-Canadian collaboration, an anal healthcare intervention study, known as the WEMAH Project, was initiated in January 2022. The initial collaborative work strengthened existing anal health services provided at a community-based clinic serving GBMSM in Nairobi. The illness and treatment journey for one patient is highlighted. Prior to attending the community clinical programme, reluctance to disclose symptoms to other healthcare workers, misdiagnoses and incorrect treatment, absence of physical exam conducted, lack of access to effective medications, and self-treatment attempts not only led to late disease detection but also exacerbated the illness itself, culminating in advanced disease progression accompanied by severe pain and suffering. However, once connected to the community clinic with the enhanced anal healthcare programme, the disease was effectively managed by the clinical team. Although specialised clinics have been established throughout Kenya to meet the STI-related needs of GBMSM, the constellation of factors highlighted in one patient’s journey, from illness to recovery, reveals important gaps in Kenya’s existing sexual health programme for GBMSM.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Category

Publication Type

Journal

Database

Publisher

249 results on '"Joshua Kim"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources