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1. Multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales responsible for septicaemia in a neonatal intensive care unit in Morocco

Author

Patricia Perez-Palacios, Delphine Girlich, Nabila Soraa, Asmae Lamrani, Fadl Mrabih Rabo Maoulainine, Fatiha Bennaoui, Hasna Amri, Nadia Slitine EL IDRISSI, Mohammed Bouskraoui, Aurélien Birer, Agnes B. Jousset, Saoussen Oueslati, Josette Raymond, and Thierry Naas

Subjects
Neonatal intensive care unit, Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales, Extended-spectrum β-lactamases, Sepsis, Outbreak, Morocco, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

ABSTRACT: Objectives: Neonatal sepsis caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has a high morbidity and mortality, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Here, the molecular mechanisms of multidrug resistance in bacteria responsible for neonatal sepsis were determined. Methods: From July to December 2019, documented bacteraemia from 524 neonates hospitalised in a neonatal intensive care unit in Morocco were collected. Whole-genome sequencing was used to characterise the resistome; multi-locus sequence typing was used to investigate phylogeny. Results: Among the 199 cases of documented bacteraemia, 40 (20%) and 20 (10%) were caused by MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter hormaechei, respectively. Of these, 23 (38.5%) were early neonatal infections (≤3 days of life). Twelve different sequence types (STs) were observed among K. pneumoniae isolates, the most prevalent being ST1805 (n = 10) and ST307 (n = 8). Twenty-one K. pneumoniae isolates (53%) possessed the blaCTX-M-15 gene, six of which co-produced OXA-48; two, NDM-7; and two, OXA-48 and NDM-7. The blaOXA-48 gene was present in 11 K. pneumoniae isolates (27.5%); blaNDM-1, in 13 (32.5%); and blaNDM-7, in 4 (10.0%). Eighteen E. hormaechei isolates (90.0%) produced an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). Three were SHV-12 producers that co-produced CMY-4 and NDM-1, and 15 were CTXM-15 producers, of which 6 co-produced OXA-48. Twelve different STs belonging to three different E. hormaechei subspecies were observed, with one to four isolates. K. pneumoniae and E. hormaechei isolates belonging to the same ST had less than 20 single nucleotide polymorphism differences and were found throughout the study period, highlighting their endemic presence in the neonatal intensive care unit. Conclusion: Thirty percent of neonatal sepsis cases (23 early and 37 late) were caused by highly drug-resistant carbapenemase- and/or ESBL-producing Enterobacterales.

Published
2023
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2. Biofilm production by Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from the nasopharynx of children with acute otitis media

Author

Quentin Vermee, Robert Cohen, Constantin Hays, Emmanuelle Varon, Stephane Bonacorsi, Stephane Bechet, Franck Thollot, François Corrard, Claire Poyart, Corinne Levy, and Josette Raymond

Subjects
Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Biofilm, AOM, Naspharynx, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Biofilm production by Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae has been implicated in the pathogenesis of otitis media, mainly in chronic and recurrent cases. We studied the “in vitro” biofilm production by these 2 species isolated alone or together from the nasopharynx of children with acute otitis media. Methods The studied strains were from 3 pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) periods: pre-PCV7, post-PCV7/pre-PCV13 and post-PCV13. A modified microtiter plate assay with crystal violet stain was used to study the biofilm production of 182 H. influenzae and 191 S. pneumoniae strains. Results Overall, 117/181 (64.6%) H. influenzae and 128/191 (66.8%) S. pneumoniae strains produced biofilm. The proportion of biofilm-producing H. influenzae strains was greater with than without the isolation of S. pneumoniae in the same sample (75.5% vs 52.3%, p = 0.001). Conversely, the proportion of biofilm-producing S. pneumoniae strains was not affected by the presence or not of H. influenzae (66.3% vs 67.4%). S. pneumoniae serotypes 6B, 15B/C, 19A, 35F and 35B were the better biofilm producers (80%). Serotypes 11A, 14, 15A, 19F and 19A were more associated with H. influenzae biofilm-producing strains. Overall, 89/94 (94.6%) of cases with combined isolation showed biofilm production by S. pneumoniae or H. influenzae. Conclusion This study emphasizes the high proportion of biofilm production by H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae strains isolated from the nasopharynx of children with acute otitis media, which reinforces the results of studies suggesting the importance of biofilm in the pathogenesis of acute otitis media.

Published
2019
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3. Whole-Genome Sequencing and Bioinformatics as Pertinent Tools to Support Helicobacteracae Taxonomy, Based on Three Strains Suspected to Belong to Novel Helicobacter Species

Author

Elvire Berthenet, Lucie Bénéjat, Armelle Ménard, Christine Varon, Sabrina Lacomme, Etienne Gontier, Josette Raymond, Ouahiba Boussaba, Olivier Toulza, Astrid Ducournau, Alice Buissonnière, Alban Giese, Francis Megraud, Emilie Bessède, Quentin Jehanne, and Philippe Lehours

Subjects
whole-genome sequencing, novel species, Helicobacter genus, taxonomy, gyrA, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

The present study describes three putative novel species received at the French National Reference Center for Campylobacters & Helicobacters (CNRCH). The CNRCH 2005/566H strain was isolated in 2005 from the feces of a patient with a hepatocellular carcinoma and gastroenteritis. Strain 48519 was isolated in 2017 from the blood of a male patient suffering from a bacteremia. Strain Cn23e was isolated from a gastric biopsy from a dog suffering from chronic gastritis. Biochemical and growth characteristics and electron microscopy for these three strains were studied. Their genomes were also sequenced. gyrA based phylogeny built with 72 nucleotide sequences placed CNRCH 2005/566H among the unsheathed enterohepatic helicobacters, close to Helicobacter valdiviensis; strain 48519 among the sheathed enterohepatic helicobacters, close to Helicobacter cinaedi; and strain Cn23e among gastric helicobacters, close to Helicobacter felis. 16S rRNA gene phylogeny showed similar results, but with weak discriminant strength. Average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA–DNA hybridization analyses revealed that CNRCH 2005/566H and 48519 strains belong to new putative species, but confirmed that Cn23e corresponds to H. felis. Cn23e was able to infect C57BL6 mice and to induce gastric inflammation. The genomics data, together with their different morphological and biochemical characteristics, revealed that these two strains represent novel Helicobacter species. We propose the following names: ‘Helicobacter burdigaliensis,’ with the type strain CNRCH 2005/566H ( =CECT 8850 =CIP 111660), and ‘Helicobacter labetoulli,’ with the type strain 48519 ( =CCUG 73475 =CIP 1111659). This study highlights that the diversity of the Helicobacteraceae family remains to be fully explored.

Published
2019
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4. Synthesis and Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activities of 13-Substituted Berberine Derivatives

Author

Hamza Olleik, Taher Yacoub, Laurent Hoffer, Senankpon Martial Gnansounou, Kehna Benhaiem-Henry, Cendrine Nicoletti, Malika Mekhalfi, Valérie Pique, Josette Perrier, Akram Hijazi, Elias Baydoun, Josette Raymond, Philippe Piccerelle, Marc Maresca, and Maxime Robin

Subjects
berberine derivatives, anti-bacterial agents, microbial sensitivity tests, structure-activity relationship, resistant strain, FtsZ protein, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

The biological activities of berberine, a natural plant molecule, are known to be affected by structural modifications, mostly at position 9 and/or 13. A series of new 13-substituted berberine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated in term of antimicrobial activity using various microorganisms associated to human diseases. Contrarily to the original molecule berberine, several derivatives were found strongly active in microbial sensitivity tests against Mycobacterium, Candida albicans and Gram-positive bacteria, including naïve or resistant Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 3.12 to 6.25 µM. Among the various Gram-negative strains tested, berberine’s derivatives were only found active on Helicobacter pylori and Vibrio alginolyticus (MIC values of 1.5–3.12 µM). Cytotoxicity assays performed on human cells showed that the antimicrobial berberine derivatives caused low toxicity resulting in good therapeutic index values. In addition, a mechanistic approach demonstrated that, contrarily to already known berberine derivatives causing either membrane permeabilization, DNA fragmentation or interacting with FtsZ protein, active derivatives described in this study act through inhibition of the synthesis of peptidoglycan or RNA. Overall, this study shows that these new berberine derivatives can be considered as potent and safe anti-bacterial agents active on human pathogenic microorganisms, including ones resistant to conventional antibiotics.

Published
2020
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5. Temporin-SHa and Its Analogs as Potential Candidates for the Treatment of Helicobacter pylori

Author

Hamza Olleik, Elias Baydoun, Josette Perrier, Akram Hijazi, Josette Raymond, Marine Manzoni, Lucas Dupuis, Ghislain Pauleau, Yvain Goudard, Bruno de La Villéon, Géraldine Goin, Philippe Sockeel, Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary, Eric Di Pasquale, Muhammad Nadeem-ul-Haque, Hunain Ali, Arif Iftikhar Khan, Farzana Shaheen, and Marc Maresca

Subjects
helicobacter pylori, antimicrobial peptides, temporin-sha, human gastric explant, clinical strain, bacterial resistance, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Helicobacterpylori is one of the most prevalent pathogens colonizing 50% of the world’s population and causing gastritis and gastric cancer. Even with triple and quadruple antibiotic therapies, H. pylori shows increased prevalence of resistance to conventional antibiotics and treatment failure. Due to their pore-forming activity, antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are considered as a good alternative to conventional antibiotics, particularly in the case of resistant bacteria. In this study, temporin-SHa (a frog AMP) and its analogs obtained by Gly to Ala substitutions were tested against H. pylori. Results showed differences in the antibacterial activity and toxicity of the peptides in relation to the number and position of D-Ala substitution. Temporin-SHa and its analog NST1 were identified as the best molecules, both peptides being active on clinical resistant strains, killing 90−100% of bacteria in less than 1 h and showing low to no toxicity against human gastric cells and tissue. Importantly, the presence of gastric mucins did not prevent the antibacterial effect of temporin-SHa and NST1, NST1 being in addition resistant to pepsin. Taken together, our results demonstrated that temporin-SHa and its analog NST1 could be considered as potential candidates to treat H. pylori, particularly in the case of resistant strains.

Published
2019
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6. Genetic and Transmission Analysis of Helicobacter pylori Strains within a Family

Author

Josette Raymond, Jean-Michel Thiberge, Catherine Chevalier, Nicolas Kalach, Michel Bergeret, Agnès Labigne, and Catherine Dauga

Subjects
Helicobacter pylori, family transmission, epidemiology, phylogeny, genetic diversity, research, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

To look for evidence of intrafamilial infection, we isolated 107 Helicobacter pylori clones from biopsied specimens taken from both parents and four children. We compared the sequences of two housekeeping genes (hspA and glmM) from these clones with those of 131 unrelated strains from patients living in different geographic regions. Strain relationships within the family were determined by analyzing allelic variation at both loci and building phylogenetic trees and by using multilocus sequence typing. Both hspA- and glmM-based phylogenetic trees showed East Asian and African branches. All samples from family members showed natural mixed infection. Identical alleles found in some strains isolated from the children and parents, but not in the strains isolated from unrelated patients, demonstrated that strains have circulated within the family. Several mechanisms, such as point mutations, intragenic recombination, and introduction of foreign (African) alleles, were shown to enhance strain diversity within the family.

Published
2004
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7. Population genetic structure and isolation by distance of Helicobacter pylori in Senegal and Madagascar.

Author

Bodo Linz, Clairette Romaine Raharisolo Vololonantenainab, Abdoulaye Seck, Jean-François Carod, Daouda Dia, Benoit Garin, Rado Manitrala Ramanampamonjy, Jean-Michel Thiberge, Josette Raymond, and Sebastien Breurec

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Helicobacter pylori has probably infected the human stomach since our origins and subsequently diversified in parallel with their human hosts. The genetic population history of H. pylori can therefore be used as a marker for human migration. We analysed seven housekeeping gene sequences of H. pylori strains isolated from 78 Senegalese and 24 Malagasy patients and compared them with the sequences of strains from other geographical locations. H. pylori from Senegal and Madagascar can be placed in the previously described HpAfrica1 genetic population, subpopulations hspWAfrica and hspSAfrica, respectively. These 2 subpopulations correspond to the distribution of Niger-Congo speakers in West and most of subequatorial Africa (due to Bantu migrations), respectively. H. pylori appears as a single population in Senegal, indicating a long common history between ethnicities as well as frequent local admixtures. The lack of differentiation between these isolates and an increasing genetic differentiation with geographical distance between sampling locations in Africa was evidence for genetic isolation by distance. The Austronesian expansion that started from Taiwan 5000 years ago dispersed one of the 10 subgroups of the Austronesian language family via insular Southeast Asia into the Pacific and Madagascar, and hspMaori is a marker for the entire Austronesian expansion. Strain competition and replacement of hspMaori by hpAfrica1 strains from Bantu migrants are the probable reasons for the presence of hspSAfrica strains in Malagasy of Southeast Asian descent. hpAfrica1 strains appear to be generalist strains that have the necessary genetic diversity to efficiently colonise a wide host spectrum.

Published
2014
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8. Invasive Group B Streptococcal Infections in Infants, France

Author

Claire Poyart, Hélène Réglier-Poupet, Asmaa Tazi, Annick Billoët, Nicolas Dmytruk, Philippe Bidet, Edouard Bingen, Josette Raymond, and Patrick Trieu-Cuot

Subjects
Streptococcus agalactiae, GBS, invasive infections, meningitis, ST-17, dispatch, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Clinical features and molecular characterization of 109 group B streptococci causing neonatal invasive infections were determined over an 18-month period in France. Sixty-four percent of the strains were from late-onset infections, and 75% were capsular type III. The hypervirulent clone ST-17 was recovered in 80% of meningitis cases.

Published
2008
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9. Procalcitonin predicts response to beta-lactam treatment in hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia.

Author

Jérémie F Cohen, Alexander Leis, Thibault Lecarpentier, Josette Raymond, Dominique Gendrel, and Martin Chalumeau

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Antibiotic treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children remains mostly empirical because clinical and paraclinical findings poorly discriminate the principal causes of CAP. Fast response to beta-lactam treatment can be considered a proxy of pneumococcal aetiology. We aimed to identify the best biological predictor of response to beta-lactam therapy in children hospitalized for CAP.A retrospective, single-centre cohort study included all consecutive patients 1 month to 16 years old hospitalized in a teaching hospital in Paris, France, because of CAP empirically treated with a beta-lactam alone from 2003 to 2010. Uni- and multivariate analyses were used to study the ability of routine biological parameters available in the Emergency Department to predict a favourable response to beta-lactam (defined as apyrexia within 48 hours of treatment onset).Among the 125 included patients, 85% (106) showed a favourable response to beta-lactam. In multivariate logistic regression, we found procalcitonin (PCT) the only independent predictor of apyrexia (p = 0.008). The adjusted odds ratio for the decadic logarithm of PCT was 4.3 (95% CI 1.5-12.7). At ≥ 3 ng/mL, PCT had 55.7% sensitivity (45.7-65.3), 78.9% specificity (54.4-93.9), 93.7% positive predictive value (84.5-98.2), 24.2% negative predictive value (14.2-36.7), 2.64 positive likelihood ratio (1.09-6.42) and 0.56 negative likelihood ratio (0.41-0.77). In the 4 children with a PCT level ≥ 3 ng/mL and who showed no response to beta-lactam treatment, secondary pleural effusion had developed in 3, and viral co-infection was documented in 1.PCT is the best independent biologic predictor of favourable response to beta-lactam therapy in children hospitalized for CAP. Thus, a high PCT level is highly suggestive of pneumococcal aetiology. However, a 3-ng/mL cut-off does not seem compatible with daily medical practice, and additional research is needed to further define the role of PCT in managing CAP in children.

Published
2012
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10. Evolutionary history of Helicobacter pylori sequences reflect past human migrations in Southeast Asia.

Author

Sebastien Breurec, Bertrand Guillard, Sopheak Hem, Sylvain Brisse, Fatou Bintou Dieye, Michel Huerre, Chakravuth Oung, Josette Raymond, Tek Sreng Tan, Jean-Michel Thiberge, Sirenda Vong, Didier Monchy, and Bodo Linz

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

The human population history in Southeast Asia was shaped by numerous migrations and population expansions. Their reconstruction based on archaeological, linguistic or human genetic data is often hampered by the limited number of informative polymorphisms in classical human genetic markers, such as the hypervariable regions of the mitochondrial DNA. Here, we analyse housekeeping gene sequences of the human stomach bacterium Helicobacter pylori from various countries in Southeast Asia and we provide evidence that H. pylori accompanied at least three ancient human migrations into this area: i) a migration from India introducing hpEurope bacteria into Thailand, Cambodia and Malaysia; ii) a migration of the ancestors of Austro-Asiatic speaking people into Vietnam and Cambodia carrying hspEAsia bacteria; and iii) a migration of the ancestors of the Thai people from Southern China into Thailand carrying H. pylori of population hpAsia2. Moreover, the H. pylori sequences reflect iv) the migrations of Chinese to Thailand and Malaysia within the last 200 years spreading hspEasia strains, and v) migrations of Indians to Malaysia within the last 200 years distributing both hpAsia2 and hpEurope bacteria. The distribution of the bacterial populations seems to strongly influence the incidence of gastric cancer as countries with predominantly hspEAsia isolates exhibit a high incidence of gastric cancer while the incidence is low in countries with a high proportion of hpAsia2 or hpEurope strains. In the future, the host range expansion of hpEurope strains among Asian populations, combined with human motility, may have a significant impact on gastric cancer incidence in Asia.

Published
2011
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11. Using macro-arrays to study routes of infection of Helicobacter pylori in three families.

Author

Josette Raymond, Jean-Michel Thiberge, Nicolas Kalach, Michel Bergeret, Christophe Dupont, Agnès Labigne, and Catherine Dauga

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Analysis of the evolutionary dynamics of Helicobacter pylori allowed tracing the spread of infection through populations on different continents but transmission pathways between individual humans have not been clearly described. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To investigate person-to-person transmission, we studied three families each including one child with persistence of symptoms after antibiotic treatment. Ten isolates from the antrum and corpus of stomach of each family member were analyzed both by sequencing of two housekeeping genes and macroarray tests. RESULTS: A total of 134 (8.4%) out of the 1590 coding sequences (CDSs) tested, including cag PAI and insertion sequences, were present in some but not all isolates (and are therefore defined as variable CDSs). Most of the variable CDSs encoded proteins of unknown function (76/134) or were selfish DNA including that encoding restriction/modification enzymes (13/134). Isolates colonizing the stomach of one individual can vary by point mutations, as seen in hspA, or by the gain or loss of one to five CDSs. They were considered as (genetic) variants. The phylogenetic clustering of gene profiles obtained on macro-arrays allowed identifying the different strains infecting families. Two to five strains circulated within a family. Identical strains were present in at least two members of all three families supporting the accepted model of intrafamilial transmission. Surprisingly, the mother was not implicated in the transmission of H. pylori in the two French families. Sibling-to-sibling transmission and acquisition of H. pylori from outside the family appeared to be probable in the transmission pathways. CONCLUSION: Macroarray analysis based on previously selected CDSs gives a comprehensive view of the genome diversity of a pathogen. This approach combined with information on the origin of the hspA and glmM alleles revealed that Helicobacter pylori infection may be acquired by more diverse routes than previously expected.

Published
2008
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12. Vaccination, or how to alleviate the crisis in pediatric emergency units

Author

Robert Cohen, Yves Gillet, Christèle Gras Le Guen, Catherine Weil-Olivier, Isabelle Hau, Véronique Dufour, Didier Pinquier, Olivier Romain, Josette Raymond, Albert Faye, Marie Alliette Dommergues, Hervé Haas, Corinne Levy, and Emmanuel Grimprel

Subjects
Infectious Diseases, Vaccination, Humans, Child, Emergency Service, Hospital
Published
2022

14. Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection in a Routine Testing Workflow: Effect of Bacterial Load and Virulence Factors

Author

Romain Coriat, Nabil Gastli, Gislène Collobert, Margaux Allain, Dominique Lamarque, Josette Raymond, Vered Abitbol, Annick Billoët, Benoit Terris, and Nicolas Kalach

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, cagA gene, diagnosis, Virulence, Gastroenterology, Virulence factor, histology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, CagA, Genotyping, biology, business.industry, Helicobacter pylori, Retrospective cohort study, Histology, General Medicine, Gold standard (test), biology.organism_classification, culture, PCR, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Medicine, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, business
Abstract

Reliable diagnostic methods are mandatory for effective management of Helicobacter pylori infection. Histology and culture are the most common invasive methods in current practice, even if molecular methods are gaining in importance. The performance of these conventional methods varies significantly. We conducted a retrospective study of 1540 adults and 504 children with gastric biopsies taken during endoscopy to assess the impact of bacterial load and the cagA virulence factor on the performance of H. pylori infection testing. The association between virulence and histology findings was also investigated. With 23S rRNA qPCR confirmed by glmM amplification as the gold standard, culture and histology had lower sensitivity, 74.4% and 73.3%, respectively. However, their sensitivity was enhanced (&gt, 90%) in biopsies with high bacterial load (qPCR Ct &lt, 30). Positive cagA status of the strain was associated with high bacterial load (94.9%), thus resulting in more frequent positive culture (94.3%) and H. pylori histology detection (91.7%) and more severe lesions on histology (p &lt, 0.001). Conversely, the cagA status of the strains was negative in 110/119 (92.4%) of biopsies with low bacterial load (qPCR Ct &lt, 30), 82/90 (91.1%) with negative H. pylori histology detection and 119/131 (90%) with negative culture findings (p &lt, 0.001). This study highlights the low sensitivity of conventional culture and histology that may lead to false negative diagnosis if used alone. H. pylori quantification associated with cagA genotyping in routine workflow are essential for a sensitive and reliable diagnosis, to identify patients at high risk and to manage eradication therapies.

Published
2021
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15. Diagnosis of

Author

Nabil, Gastli, Margaux, Allain, Dominique, Lamarque, Vered, Abitbol, Annick, Billoët, Gislène, Collobert, Romain, Coriat, Benoit, Terris, Nicolas, Kalach, and Josette, Raymond

Subjects
histology, PCR, Helicobacter pylori, diagnosis, cagA gene, Article, culture
Abstract

Reliable diagnostic methods are mandatory for effective management of Helicobacter pylori infection. Histology and culture are the most common invasive methods in current practice, even if molecular methods are gaining in importance. The performance of these conventional methods varies significantly. We conducted a retrospective study of 1540 adults and 504 children with gastric biopsies taken during endoscopy to assess the impact of bacterial load and the cagA virulence factor on the performance of H. pylori infection testing. The association between virulence and histology findings was also investigated. With 23S rRNA qPCR confirmed by glmM amplification as the gold standard, culture and histology had lower sensitivity, 74.4% and 73.3%, respectively. However, their sensitivity was enhanced (>90%) in biopsies with high bacterial load (qPCR Ct < 30). Positive cagA status of the strain was associated with high bacterial load (94.9%), thus resulting in more frequent positive culture (94.3%) and H. pylori histology detection (91.7%) and more severe lesions on histology (p < 0.001). Conversely, the cagA status of the strains was negative in 110/119 (92.4%) of biopsies with low bacterial load (qPCR Ct < 30), 82/90 (91.1%) with negative H. pylori histology detection and 119/131 (90%) with negative culture findings (p < 0.001). This study highlights the low sensitivity of conventional culture and histology that may lead to false negative diagnosis if used alone. H. pylori quantification associated with cagA genotyping in routine workflow are essential for a sensitive and reliable diagnosis, to identify patients at high risk and to manage eradication therapies.

Published
2021

16. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Histological Gastric Biopsy Aspects According to the Updated Sydney System in Children

Author

Colette Creusy, Patrick Bontems, Pierre Gosset, Eleftheria Roma, Vaidotas Urbonas, Josette Raymond, Thomas Casswall, Misak Zrinjka, Francis Mégraud, Sonny K. F. Chong, Rogalidou Maria, Maria Luz Cilleruelo, Meltem Ugras, Nicolas Kalach, Simona Faraci, Matjaz Homan, José Cabral, Stephane Verdun, Ender Pehlivanoglu, Francesca Rea, Mathilde Delebarre, Michal Kori, Pedro Urruzuno, Marta Tavares, Alexandra Papadopoulou, İstanbul Kent Üniversitesi, Fakülteler, Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü, and Pehlivanoğlu, Ender

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Biopsy, Gastroenterology, Helicobacter Infections, Atrophy, Internal medicine, Gastroscopy, Gastric mucosa, medicine, Humans, Child, Metaplasia, medicine.diagnostic_test, biology, Helicobacter pylori, business.industry, Intestinal metaplasia, H. pylori, gastritis, activity, atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, Sydney classification, children, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Endoscopy, medicine.anatomical_structure, Gastric Mucosa, Meta-analysis, Relative risk, Gastritis, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, business
Abstract

Objectives: A descriptive and comparative study of gastric histological aspects according to the updated Sydney classification (USC), obtained from Helicobacter pylori-positive versus H pylori-negative children referred for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Methods: The Prisma method was used to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis. Selection criteria were based on following key words USC, H pylori, children, endoscopy, or biopsy. Publication biases were assessed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and a meta-regression analysis was done. The study was registered on the PROSPERO platform. Results: Between 1994 and 2017, 1238 references were found; 97 studies were retained for the systematic review with a total number of 25,867 children; 75 studies were selected for the meta-analysis concerning 5990 H pylori-infected and 17,782 uninfected children.H pylori-positive versus H pylori-negative children, according to the USC, showed significantly higher relative risk for gastric antral and corpus chronic inflammation, presence of neutrophils, and of lymphoid follicles, and gastric mucosa atrophy, whereas, intestinal metaplasia showed a significantly higher RR only in antral biopsies. The meta-regression analysis showed that H pylori-positive versus H pylori-negative children had significantly higher risk only for corpus activity according to age, recurrent abdominal pain, and geographical area of low H pylori prevalence. Conclusions: H pylori infection in children was associated with higher relative risk for gastric antral and corpus chronic inflammation, presence of neutrophils, lymphoid follicles, and rare gastric mucosa atrophy, whereas, rare intestinal metaplasia was only significantly higher in the antral area.

Published
2021

17. Characteristics of Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from Mauritanian patients

Author

Nabil Gastli, Ahmed Mohamed Amar, Annick Billoët, Catherine Dauga, Josette Raymond, Hachem Demine Moctar Nech, Ghislaine Collobert, Mohamed val Mohamed Abdellahi, Fatimetou Khiddi, El Heiba Mohamed Vadel, Ahmed Houmeida, Mohamed Abdallah Horma, Epidemiology and Diversity of Microorganisms [Nouakchott, Mauritania], Chiva Clinic [Nouakchott, Mauritania], Service de Bactériologie [CHU Cochin, AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre Hospitalier National [Nouakchott, Mauritania], AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Département de Biologie Computationnelle - Department of Computational Biology, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Male, Disease, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Gastroenterology, 0302 clinical medicine, Polymorphism (computer science), Clarithromycin, Child, Aged, 80 and over, 2. Zero hunger, education.field_of_study, Mauritania, General Medicine, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, PCR, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, medicine.drug, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Virulence Factors, Population, Virulence, cagA gene, Biology, Helicobacter Infections, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Bacterial Proteins, Internal medicine, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, medicine, Humans, CagA, education, Aged, Antigens, Bacterial, Helicobacter pylori, Cancer, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, digestive system diseases, EPIYA motif
Abstract

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) is responsible for various diseases including cancer It co-evolved with humans, and human migrations shaped the expansion and the diversity of strains around the world. The risk of developing a disease depends on virulence factors, mainly the cytotoxin-associated gene A protein (CagA). The aim of this study was to determine the cagA status in H pylori strains from Mauritanian patients and to search for a relationship with endoscopic and histologic findings. MATERIAL AND METHODS H pylori was searched in gastric biopsies taken during endoscopy in patients with gastro-duodenal symptoms. RT-PCR was used for the diagnosis and resistance to clarithromycin. The cagA status was determined with PCR and the EPIYA-cagA polymorphism with sequencing. RESULTS At all, 76/78 (97.4%) biopsies were positive. The rate of clarithromycin resistance was 4/76 (5.26%) due to the A2143G mutation, with a mixed population in 2 cases. The cagA gene was present in 23/76 (30.26%) biopsies, and the EPIYA motif was ABC in 21 (91.3%). High bacterial load and inflammation were significantly associated with cagA-positive status (P

Published
2020

18. Changes in RT-PCR-positive SARS-CoV-2 rates in adults and children according to the epidemic stages

Author

Alain Martinot, Anne Sophie Romain, Philippe Bensaid, Frédéric Huet, Corinne Levy, Nicoletta Magdalena Ursulescu, Muriel Lalande, Véronique Hentgen, Romain Basmaci, Stéphane Béchet, Edeline Coinde, Cecile Bost bru, Cecile Fournial, Robert M. Cohen, H. Haas, Charlotte Pons, Julie Toubiana, Emmanuelle Dessioux, Jean Gashignard, François Vié le Sage, and Josette Raymond

Subjects
Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Multicenter study, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), medicine, Positive test, business
Abstract

Aim To describe the trends of RT-PCR positive SARS-CoV-2 rates in children and adults according to the time of COVID-19 epidemic. Methods In this prospective multicenter study involving 45 pediatric units, we collected the results of nasopharyngeal swabs in France from March 2, 2020 to April 26, 2020. Results During the study period, 52,588 RT-PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 were performed, 6,490 in children and 46,098 in adults. The rate of positive tests for children was 2- to 7-fold less than that for adults. These rates varied according to the time of the epidemic and were higher at the peak. The lower rates of positive test in children persisted during the surveillance period but varied according to the time in the epidemic. Conclusion The rate of positive RT-PCR positive SARS-CoV-2 tests for children was always less than that for adults but vary according to the epidemic stage. What is already known on this topic? -The number of confirmed pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection is relatively low. -The rate of RT-PCR–positive SARS-CoV-2 was significantly lower for children than adults. What this study adds? -The SARS-CoV-2–positive rate for children was about 2- to 7-fold less than that for adults during the surveillance period. -The difference in rates between children and adults persisted during the surveillance period but varied according to the time in the epidemic, the rate of positivity and the region.

Published
2020

19. CHANGES IN REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION–POSITIVE SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS 2 RATES IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN ACCORDING TO THE EPIDEMIC STAGES

Author

H. Haas, Nicoleta Ursulescu, Corinne Levy, Stéphane Béchet, François Vié le Sage, Philippe Bensaid, Cecile Bost bru, Cecile Fournial, Anne Sophie Romain, Muriel Lalande, Josette Raymond, Robert M. Cohen, Emmanuelle Dessioux, Véronique Hentgen, Jean Gashignard, Edeline Coinde, Alain Martinot, Charlotte Pons, Julie Toubiana, Romain Basmaci, Frédéric Huet, Comets, Emmanuelle, Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique [Paris] (GPIP), Société Française de Pédiatrie (SFP), Groupe d'Etude des Maladies Infectieuses Néonatales et Infantiles (GEMINI), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-MRB-GRC, Centre de Recherche Clinique [Créteil] (CRC), Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil (CHIC), Service de Pédiatrie-Urgences [Hopital Louis Mourier - APHP, Colombes], Hôpital Louis Mourier - AP-HP [Colombes], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre Hospitalier Victor Dupouy, Centre Hospitalier Général Néonatologie Ajaccio, Hôpitaux du Pays du Mont-Blanc, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Service de pédiatrie (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Département Pédiatrie [CHRU Montpellier], Pôle Femme Mère Enfant [CHRU Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Service de Neuro-pédiatrie[Lille], Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre [Lille]-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Centre Hospitalier Henri Duffaut (Avignon), Hôpital Nord Franche-Comté [Hôpital de Trévenans] (HNFC), and Association Clinique et Thérapeutique Infantile du Val de Marne (ACTIV)

Subjects
Adult, Microbiology (medical), 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Pneumonia, Viral, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Betacoronavirus, 03 medical and health sciences, COVID-19 Testing, 0302 clinical medicine, children, 030225 pediatrics, adults, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health, Child, Pandemics, [SDV.BIBS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], biology, Clinical Laboratory Techniques, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Age Factors, COVID-19, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Confidence interval, 3. Good health, Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Pneumonia, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Infectious Diseases, Relative risk, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, France, Coronavirus Infections, business, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Abstract

International audience; From March 2, 2020, to April 26, 2020, 52,588 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were performed in France, 6490 in children and 46,098 in adults. The rate of RT-PCR-positive SARS-CoV-2 tests for children (5.9%) was always less than that for adults (20.3%) but vary according to the epidemic stage. The risk ratio of RT-PCR-positive SARS-CoV-2 tests for adults compared with children was 3.5 (95% confidence interval: 3.2-3.9) for the whole study period.

Published
2020

20. Synthesis and Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activities of 13-Substituted Berberine Derivatives

Author

Valérie Pique, Josette Perrier, Laurent Hoffer, Kehna Benhaiem-Henry, Senankpon Martial Gnansounou, Taher Yacoub, Josette Raymond, Malika Mekhalfi, Marc Maresca, Cendrine Nicoletti, Elias Baydoun, Akram Hijazi, Philippe Piccerelle, Maxime Robin, Hamza Olleik, robin, maxime, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille (ISM2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille (ex-IBEB) (BIAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Lebanese University [Beirut] (LU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), microbial sensitivity tests, [CHIM.THER] Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, Bacillus cereus, resistant strain, [CHIM.THER]Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, Microbiology, berberine derivatives, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Minimum inhibitory concentration, 0302 clinical medicine, Berberine, anti-bacterial agents, medicine, Structure–activity relationship, Pharmacology (medical), General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics, Candida albicans, biology, structure-activity relationship, lcsh:RM1-950, biology.organism_classification, Antimicrobial, 3. Good health, FtsZ protein, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, lcsh:Therapeutics. Pharmacology, chemistry, Staphylococcus aureus, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Peptidoglycan
Abstract

The biological activities of berberine, a natural plant molecule, are known to be affected by structural modifications, mostly at position 9 and/or 13. A series of new 13-substituted berberine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated in term of antimicrobial activity using various microorganisms associated to human diseases. Contrarily to the original molecule berberine, several derivatives were found strongly active in microbial sensitivity tests against Mycobacterium, Candida albicans and Gram-positive bacteria, including na&iuml, ve or resistant Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 3.12 to 6.25 &micro, M. Among the various Gram-negative strains tested, berberine&rsquo, s derivatives were only found active on Helicobacter pylori and Vibrio alginolyticus (MIC values of 1.5&ndash, 3.12 &micro, M). Cytotoxicity assays performed on human cells showed that the antimicrobial berberine derivatives caused low toxicity resulting in good therapeutic index values. In addition, a mechanistic approach demonstrated that, contrarily to already known berberine derivatives causing either membrane permeabilization, DNA fragmentation or interacting with FtsZ protein, active derivatives described in this study act through inhibition of the synthesis of peptidoglycan or RNA. Overall, this study shows that these new berberine derivatives can be considered as potent and safe anti-bacterial agents active on human pathogenic microorganisms, including ones resistant to conventional antibiotics.

Published
2020

21. Incidence of paediatric pneumococcal meningitis and emergence of new serotypes: a time-series analysis of a 16-year French national survey

Author

Severine Haouisee, Sandrine Anne Martha, Elodie Blondel, Maxime Thouvenin, Fouad Madhi, Guilaine Barnaud, Sylvie Charachon, Jérémie Violette, Chrystèle Fabbro, Hubert Ythier, Marie Pierre Fos, Emmanuelle Varon, Danielle Roybet, Grégory Dubourg, Olivier Guilluy, Jean Marc Schneider, Stéphane Bonacorsi, Abdelmalek Belgaid, Anne Laure Roux, Alain Goudeau, Stéphane Dauger, Valérie Biran, Olivier Moquet, Anne Gougeon Jollivet, Alain Martinot, Bertrand Chevallier, Chantal Chaplain, Claude Bosi, Josette Jehan, Caroline Garandeau, Karen Milcent, Claire Plassart, Nicolas Kalach, Valérie Sivadon-Tardy, Pascal Bolot, Françoise Evreux, Ellia Mezgueldi, Mireille Cheron, Marie Françoise Prere, Nawal Nicola, Jacques Brouard, Ralph Epaud, Agnès Ferroni, Eric Moulene, Emmanuelle Dessioux, Sylvia Akitani, Aurélia Pitsch, Cyril Morisot, Danielle Landragin, Eterne Twizeyimana, François Angoulvant, Jean Sarlangue, Isabelle Glatz, Caroline Guyot, Anne Bertrou, Anne Chace, Stéphanie Honore Bouakline, Delphine Desbois, Philippe Labrune, Didier Moissenet, Sophie Boyer, Alain Barrans, Leila Lafendi, Françoise Cascarigny, Nathalie Bednarek, Albert Faye, Ahmed Sadik, Valérie Marcou, Daniele De Luca, Etienne Javouhey, Véronqiue Vernet-Garnier, Florence Doucet-Populaire, Josette Raymond, Leatitia Pantalone, Célestin M’Bamba, Jean Marc Chamouilli, Katherine Dieckmann, Mariane Marin, Philippe Lehours, Mathie Lorrot, Didier Pinquier, Hélène Garrec, Christian Herve, Martin Chalumeau, Naim Ouldali, François Gouraud, Marc Le Bideau, Laurence Eitenschenck, Emmanuel Grimprel, Hélène Biessy, Valérie Macchi, Véronique Duval, Ilhem Agha-Mir, Hakim Lahrach, H. Haas, Pierre Lureau, Farida Hamdad, Marie Hélène Pierre, Florent Girard, Valérie Asensio, Romain Basmaci, Marlène Amara, Maité Micaelo, Patricia Roussellier, Brigitte Zimmermann, Nathalie Hubert, Julie Toubiana, Mohamed Amine Yangui, Sylvie Ledru, Fréderic Tronc, Corinne Levy, Jean Gaschignard, Alain Goux, Catherine Glastre, Pierre Patoz, Francis Chomienne, Bernadette Cartier-Riviere, Stéphanie Eyssette-Gayraud, Robert M. Cohen, Rodrigue Dessein, Nicolas Soustelle, Anna Grando, Didier Jan, François Dubos, Huong Porcheret, Isabelle Savoy, Fanny Autret, Marie Noelle Adam, Marie Josée Dufour, Anne Charbonneau, Olivier Lemenand, Anne Dao-Dubremetz, Agnes Rey, Anne Cécile Hochart, Guillaume Arlet, Véronique Despert, Didier Eyer, Fabrice Lapeyre, Nevena Danekova, Olivier Sebag, Ali Khalfi, Emmanuel Jeannot, Joël Gaudelus, Marie Aliette Dommergues, Frédéric Wallet, Elodie Dorangeon, Christine Vervel, Marie Emmanuelle Juvin, Gery Courouble, Gael Guyon, Florence Richardin, Marion Decobert, Laurent Geniez, Nejib Lejri, Stéphane Béchet, Katia Barsotti, Christian Cattoen, Julien Baleine, Pierre Goumy, Laure Warin, Serge Gallet, Anthony Texier, Delphine Minette Brunel, Rachel Heyman Guenais, Grégoire Benoist, Béatrice Pellegrino, Muriel Halna, Vincent Laugel, André De Briel, Norbert Laisney, A. Vachée, Christophe De Champs, Patrick Daoud, Isabelle Haegy-Doehring, Jean-Philippe Lavigne, Simone Saumureau, Delphine Penel-Capelle, Véronique Blanc, Abdelaziz Oulepsir, Elise Launay, Association Clinique et Thérapeutique Infantile du Val-de-Marne, Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique [Paris] (GPIP), Société Française de Pédiatrie (SFP), Urgences pédiatriques, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France, parent, Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique et de Surveillance Transport Travail Environnement (UMRESTTE UMR T9405), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)

Subjects
Male, Serotype, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Future studies, Adolescent, Population, Serogroup, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, education, book, Prospective survey, National health, education.field_of_study, Meningitis, Pneumococcal, business.industry, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), Streptococcal Vaccines, Infant, Newborn, Infant, PNEUMOCOCCAL MENINGITIS, medicine.disease, Health Surveys, 3. Good health, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Pediatric Infectious Disease, book.journal, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, France, business, Meningitis, Forecasting
Abstract

Successive implementation of seven-valent then 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) led to a marked decrease in pneumococcal disease burden, including pneumococcal meningitis. We assessed the long-term effect of implementation of PCVs on incidence of pneumococcal meningitis in children in France over a 16-year period.We did a quasi-experimental, population-based interrupted time-series analysis with a nationwide prospective survey over 16 years in France, recruiting children aged younger than 15 years from 227 paediatric wards from January, 2001, to December, 2016. The main outcome by the time-series model was the estimated incidence of pneumococcal meningitis per 100 000 children (of a population of 12·6 million children in 2017) before and after PCV7 and PCV13 implementation. The time-series model was based on segmented regression with autoregressive error.We enrolled 1778 children with pneumococcal meningitis. PCV13 implementation led to a significant reduction in monthly incidence of pneumococcal meningitis from 0·12 per 100 000 children before PCV13 to a nadir of 0·07 in December, 2014 (-38%, 95% CI -56·1 to -20·4; p0·0001). A sharp increase occurred during 2015 and 2016, (+2·3% per month, incidence of 0·13 per 100 000 children at the end of the study period, p=0·0002), mainly related to an increase of serotype 24F, which was frequently penicillin resistant.The early effect of PCV13 implementation greatly reduced the incidence of pneumococcal meningitis in children less than 15 years old. However, a sharp rebound in incidence linked to the emergence of serotype 24F compromised the long-term PCV efficacy. If confirmed in future studies and in other countries, pneumococcal meningitis incidence rebound and 24F emergence should be considered when developing next-generation PCVs.The French Pediatric Infectious Diseases Group, Association Clinique et Thérapeutique Infantile du Val de Marne, Pfizer, and for the National Reference Centre for Pneumococci, the French National Health Agency.

Published
2018

22. L’infection à Helicobacter pylori chez l’enfant

Author

Nicolas Kalach, Patrick Bontems, and Josette Raymond

Subjects
Gynecology, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, 0302 clinical medicine, business.industry, 030225 pediatrics, Medicine, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, General Medicine, business
Abstract

Resume L’infection a Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) chez les enfants differe de celle de l’adulte tant du point de vue epidemiologique, que de la reponse de l’hote, des caracteristiques cliniques, du diagnostic et des strategies therapeutiques. La prevalence de l’infection a H. pylori, diminue dans le monde occidental et dans certains pays emergents. Les douleurs abdominales recurrentes ne sont pas specifiques de l’infection a H. pylori chez les enfants, et le plus souvent l’infection est asymptomatique. Le diagnostic initial doit reposer sur l’endoscopie digestive haute avec prelevement de biopsies. Une gastrite nodulaire est l’aspect endoscopique le plus frequemment rencontre. H. pylori est un facteur de risque de l’ulcere duodenal, mais pas de lesions ulcereuses gastriques chez l’enfant dans les pays a faible prevalence d’infection. Le controle d’eradication post-traitement de l’infection doit etre base sur des tests non invasifs valides. Il est recommande de tester systematiquement la susceptibilite aux antibiotiques des souches bacteriennes avant le debut de l’antibiotherapie. La prise en charge therapeutique devrait etre basee sur : l’evaluation du taux d’eradication dans la population locale, l’utilisation systematique d’un traitement adapte au profil de l’antibiogramme, une compliance therapeutique superieure a 90 %. Enfin, les dernieres directives pediatriques recommandent une duree de traitement de 14 jours pour la triple therapie.

Published
2018

23. A one-step immune-chromatographicHelicobacter pyloristool antigen test for children was quick, consistent, reliable and specific

Author

Christophe Dupont, Anne Decoster, Stephanos Papadopoulos, Josette Raymond, Pierre Gosset, Anne-France Georgel, Claire Spyckerelle, Nicolas Kalach, and Eric Dehecq

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Adolescent, Specific test, Rapid urease test, Sensitivity and Specificity, Likelihood ratios in diagnostic testing, Gastroenterology, Chromatography, Affinity, Helicobacter Infections, law.invention, Feces, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, law, 030225 pediatrics, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, Helicobacter pylori stool antigen test, Child, Polymerase chain reaction, Antigens, Bacterial, Helicobacter pylori, biology, business.industry, Infant, Reproducibility of Results, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Confidence interval, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, business
Abstract

Aim This French study assessed a quick, non-invasive, immuno-chromatographic, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) stool antigen test for detecting infections in children. Methods We enrolled 158 children, with a median age of 8.5 years (range eight months to 17 years), with digestive symptoms suggesting upper gastrointestinal tract disease. Upper digestive endoscopy was performed with gastric biopsy-specimens for histology, a rapid urease test, culture test and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The H. pylori stool antigen test was performed twice for each child and the results were compared to the reference method. Results The reference methods showed that 23 (14.6%) of the 158 children tested were H. pylori positive. The H. pylori stool antigen test showed 91.3% sensitivity, with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of 86.9-95.6 and 97% specificity (95% CI 94.3-99.6), 30.84 positive likelihood ratio and 0.09 negative likelihood ratio. The test accuracy was 96.2% (95% CI 93.2-99.1). The two blinded independent observers produced identical H. pylori stool antigen test results and the Kappa coefficient for the H. pylori stool antigen test was one. Conclusion The H. pylori stool antigen test was found to be a consistent, reliable, quick, and specific test for detecting the H. pylori infection in children. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Published
2017

24. High Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance in Iranian Helicobacter pylori Isolates: Importance of Functional and Mutational Analysis of Resistance Genes and Virulence Genotyping

Author

Nastaran Farzi, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Marian Smith S, Josette Raymond, Hidekazu Suzuki, Mohammad Reza Zali, Amir Sadeghi, and Abbas Yadegar

Subjects
lcsh:Medicine, virulence genotype, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Antibiotic resistance, Clarithromycin, medicine, CagA, 0303 health sciences, biology, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, resistance genes, cagpai intactness, lcsh:R, General Medicine, Amoxicillin, Helicobacter pylori, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, mutations, Ciprofloxacin, Multiple drug resistance, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, helicobacter pylori, business, Rifampicin, medicine.drug
Abstract

The high prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori has become a great challenge in Iran. The genetic mutations that contribute to the resistance have yet to be precisely identified. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and virulence markers in Iranian H. pylori isolates and to analyze if there is any association between resistance and genotype. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of 68 H. pylori isolates were investigated against metronidazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin, rifampicin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and tetracycline by the agar dilution method. The frxA, rdxA, gyrA, gyrB, and 23S rRNA genes of the isolates were sequenced. The virulence genotypes were also determined using PCR. Metronidazole resistance was present in 82.4% of the isolates, followed by clarithromycin (33.8%), ciprofloxacin (33.8%), rifampicin (32.4%), amoxicillin (30.9%), levofloxacin (27.9%), and tetracycline (4.4%). Overall, 75% of the isolates were resistant to at least two antibiotics tested and considered as a multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. Most of the metronidazole-resistant isolates carried frameshift mutations in both frxA and rdxA genes, and premature termination occurred in positions Q5Stop and Q50Stop, respectively. Amino acid substitutions M191I, G208E, and V199A were predominantly found in gyrA gene of fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates. A2143G and C2195T mutations of 23S rRNA were found in four clarithromycin-resistant isolates. Interestingly, significant associations were found between resistance to metronidazole (MNZ) and cagA-, sabA-, and dupA-positive genotypes, with p = 0.0002, p = 0.0001, and p = 0.0001, respectively. Furthermore, a significant association was found between oipA &ldquo, on&rdquo, status and resistance to amoxicillin (AMX) (p = 0.02). The prevalence of H. pylori antibiotic resistance is high in our region, particularly that of metronidazole, clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and MDR. Simultaneous screening of virulence and resistance genotypes can help clinicians to choose the appropriate therapeutic regime against H. pylori infection.

Published
2019

25. Temporin-SHa and Its Analogs as Potential Candidates for the Treatment of Helicobacter pylori

Author

Josette Perrier, Muhammad Nadeem-ul-Haque, Farzana Shaheen, Bruno De La Villéon, Arif Iftikhar Khan, Josette Raymond, Marine Manzoni, Philippe Sockeel, Eric Di Pasquale, Hunain Ali, Y. Goudard, G. Pauleau, Elias Baydoun, Hamza Olleik, Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary, Lucas Dupuis, G. Goin, Marc Maresca, and Akram Hijazi

Subjects
medicine.drug_class, Population, Antimicrobial peptides, Antibiotics, lcsh:QR1-502, Biochemistry, lcsh:Microbiology, human gastric explant, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, antimicrobial peptides, Antibiotic resistance, clinical strain, Pepsin, medicine, education, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, biology, 030306 microbiology, Chemistry, Helicobacter pylori, bacterial resistance, biology.organism_classification, Temporin, biology.protein, Antibacterial activity, temporin-SHa
Abstract

Helicobacter pylori is one of the most prevalent pathogens colonizing 50% of the world's population and causing gastritis and gastric cancer. Even with triple and quadruple antibiotic therapies, H. pylori shows increased prevalence of resistance to conventional antibiotics and treatment failure. Due to their pore-forming activity, antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are considered as a good alternative to conventional antibiotics, particularly in the case of resistant bacteria. In this study, temporin-SHa (a frog AMP) and its analogs obtained by Gly to Ala substitutions were tested against H. pylori. Results showed differences in the antibacterial activity and toxicity of the peptides in relation to the number and position of D-Ala substitution. Temporin-SHa and its analog NST1 were identified as the best molecules, both peptides being active on clinical resistant strains, killing 90&ndash, 100% of bacteria in less than 1 h and showing low to no toxicity against human gastric cells and tissue. Importantly, the presence of gastric mucins did not prevent the antibacterial effect of temporin-SHa and NST1, NST1 being in addition resistant to pepsin. Taken together, our results demonstrated that temporin-SHa and its analog NST1 could be considered as potential candidates to treat H. pylori, particularly in the case of resistant strains.

Published
2019
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26. Assessing the benefit of the 72-hour antibiotic therapy reassessment documentation

Author

R. Gauzit, S. Bouam, R. Batista, J. Loubinoux, A. Chevallier, O. Conort, D. Salmon-Ceron, E. Canouï, Solen Kernéis, Josette Raymond, V. Pérut, F.X. Chedhomme, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Descartes - Faculté de Médecine (UPD5 Médecine), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), and Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, medicine.drug_class, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Antibiotics, Documentation, Risk Assessment, Narrow spectrum, Drug Administration Schedule, Medical Records, Antimicrobial Stewardship, 03 medical and health sciences, Antibiotic therapy, Prevalence, Humans, Medicine, Medical prescription, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Medical record, Planned Duration, Hospitals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 3. Good health, Cross-Sectional Studies, Infectious Diseases, Emergency medicine, France, Drug Monitoring, business, De-escalation, Program Evaluation
Abstract

Objectives To assess the documentation of the 72-hour antibiotic therapy reassessment in medical records. Methods One-day prevalence evaluation of curative antibiotic therapies ≥ 72 hours. The documentation of the reassessment was defined according to three criteria: (1) “clear” documentation (clinical or microbiological comment associated with a comment on the need to adjust the antibiotic therapy or on the lack of need); (2) “tacit” documentation (only based on a clinical or microbiological comment); (3) no documentation. Results We assessed 114 antibiotic therapies in 26 hospital departments. A clear reassessment at 72 hours was observed in only 45 (39%) records and 31 (27%) records had no reassessment. The planned duration of treatment was written in 63 (55%) records. At 72 hours, among the 71 antibiotic therapies with a microbiological documentation, 69 (97%) were active and 44 (62%) had a narrow spectrum. Among the 48 antibiotic therapies with a broad spectrum on day 1, only 21 (44%) benefited from a de-escalation at 72 hours. A clearly recorded reassessment at 72 hours was associated with de-escalation (P = 0.025) and the prescription of a planned duration of treatment was associated with antibiotic therapy compliance with local or national guidelines (P = 0.018). Conclusion Although reassessment was observed in 73% of records, it was correctly recorded at 72 hours in only 39% of cases. The documentation of the reassessment and the prescription of a planned duration were associated with a better quality of antibiotic prescription (de-escalation, compliance with guidelines) and are relevant indicators for monitoring the proper use of antibiotics.

Published
2019

27. Biofilm production by Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from the nasopharynx of children with acute otitis media

Author

Franck Thollot, Quentin Vermee, Emmanuelle Varon, Constantin Hays, Stéphane Bonacorsi, Corinne Levy, Claire Poyart, Stéphane Béchet, François Corrard, Josette Raymond, and Robert Cohen

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Serotype, medicine.medical_specialty, Haemophilus Infections, Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine, 030106 microbiology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Serogroup, medicine.disease_cause, Pneumococcal Infections, Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Microbiology, Haemophilus influenzae, Pneumococcal Vaccines, Pathogenesis, 03 medical and health sciences, AOM, 0302 clinical medicine, Medical microbiology, Nasopharynx, Streptococcus pneumoniae, medicine, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, 030212 general & internal medicine, business.industry, Biofilm, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Naspharynx, Otitis Media, Infectious Diseases, Otitis, Biofilms, Child, Preschool, medicine.symptom, business, Research Article, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background Biofilm production by Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae has been implicated in the pathogenesis of otitis media, mainly in chronic and recurrent cases. We studied the “in vitro” biofilm production by these 2 species isolated alone or together from the nasopharynx of children with acute otitis media. Methods The studied strains were from 3 pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) periods: pre-PCV7, post-PCV7/pre-PCV13 and post-PCV13. A modified microtiter plate assay with crystal violet stain was used to study the biofilm production of 182 H. influenzae and 191 S. pneumoniae strains. Results Overall, 117/181 (64.6%) H. influenzae and 128/191 (66.8%) S. pneumoniae strains produced biofilm. The proportion of biofilm-producing H. influenzae strains was greater with than without the isolation of S. pneumoniae in the same sample (75.5% vs 52.3%, p = 0.001). Conversely, the proportion of biofilm-producing S. pneumoniae strains was not affected by the presence or not of H. influenzae (66.3% vs 67.4%). S. pneumoniae serotypes 6B, 15B/C, 19A, 35F and 35B were the better biofilm producers (80%). Serotypes 11A, 14, 15A, 19F and 19A were more associated with H. influenzae biofilm-producing strains. Overall, 89/94 (94.6%) of cases with combined isolation showed biofilm production by S. pneumoniae or H. influenzae. Conclusion This study emphasizes the high proportion of biofilm production by H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae strains isolated from the nasopharynx of children with acute otitis media, which reinforces the results of studies suggesting the importance of biofilm in the pathogenesis of acute otitis media. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3657-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2019

28. Epidemiology of Early-onset Bacterial Neonatal Infections in Madagascar

Author

Z. N. Ranosiarisoa, El Harrif S, Andrianirina Az, Simon-Ghediri Mj, A. L. Robinson, Tsifiregna R, Elisoa Hariniaina Ratsima, Josette Raymond, Duron S, Lovasoa Ramparany, P. Imbert, and Frédérique Randrianirina

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Bacteremia, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, medicine.disease_cause, Group B, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, Internal medicine, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Gram-Negative Bacteria, Madagascar, Medicine, Humans, Blood culture, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Asphyxia, Cross Infection, medicine.diagnostic_test, biology, business.industry, Streptococcus, Infant, Newborn, Disease Management, Bacterial Infections, Acinetobacter, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Multiple drug resistance, Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Enterobacter cloacae
Abstract

BACKGROUND Little is known about early-onset neonatal bacterial infections (EONBI) in Madagascar. Our aim was to determine their epidemiology to improve their management. METHODS Inborn neonates at risk for EONBI and admitted in the neonatal unit of 2 tertiary hospitals in Antananarivo, Madagascar, were included in a prospective study from April 2012 to March 2013. Using a clinical algorithm, blood culture, gastric fluid culture and C-reactive protein dosage were performed in newborns at high risk of infection, that is, peri partum fever, prematurity

Published
2018

29. Diagnosis ofHelicobacter pylorirecurrence: relapse or reinfection? Usefulness of molecular tools

Author

Catherine Dauga, Jean Michel Thiberge, and Josette Raymond

Subjects
DNA, Bacterial, Genetic Markers, Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Genotype, Genotyping Techniques, Peptic, Gastroenterology, Helicobacter Infections, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Recurrence, Clarithromycin, Internal medicine, Biopsy, medicine, Humans, Antrum, Phylogeny, Retrospective Studies, Helicobacter pylori, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Amoxicillin, Proton Pump Inhibitors, Retrospective cohort study, biology.organism_classification, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 030104 developmental biology, Immunology, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, business, Follow-Up Studies, medicine.drug
Abstract

Infection due to Helicobacter pylori causes many gastrointestinal diseases including peptic ulcers and gastric carcinoma. Their treatment and prevention depends on the successful eradication of H. pylori. However, even after a well-conducted treatment, H. pylori persists in about 10-30% of patients. Recurrent infections can correspond to relapse or to re-infection and require appropriate medical care. In this study, we explore retrospectively three clinical cases using molecular methods, and propose new guidelines for the diagnosis of recurrence.Ten colonies of H. pylori were selected from the primary culture of biopsy samples taken from the antrum and fundus for each patient. The genotype of each isolated colony was determined by analyzing the polymorphism of two housekeeping genes, hspA and glmM. The genome-wide composition of H. pylori strains was studied using in house macro-arrays designed.Relapses were demonstrated by the stability of genotypes and the slight genetic variability of strains on macro-arrays. Two patients suffered from relapses, one and three years after H. pylori treatment. For the third patient, both the polymorphism of glmM and hspA genotypes and the diversity of CDSs identified on macro-arrays suggested that several episodes of re-infection occurred, 1-8 years after eradication.For the three clinical cases, molecular methods allowed identifying the causes of recurrent infections. We suggest to study genotype to distinguish between relapse and re-infection in order to adapt the treatment and the follow-up of patients to the nature of recurrence.

Published
2016

30. Aurone derivatives as promising antibacterial agents against resistant Gram-positive pathogens

Author

Basile Pérès, Marc Maresca, Hamza Olleik, Akram Hijazi, Josette Perrier, Samir Yahiaoui, Ahcène Boumendjel, Elias Baydoun, Brayan Roulier, Elise Courvoisier-Dezord, Romain Haudecoeur, Josette Raymond, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille (ISM2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique et mécanique des milieux hétérogenes (UMR 7636) (PMMH), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), American University of Beirut [Beyrouth] (AUB), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Département de pharmacochimie moléculaire (DPM ), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-17-EURE-0003,CBH-EUR-GS,CBH-EUR-GS(2017), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique et mécanique des milieux hétérogenes (PMMH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-ESPCI ParisTech-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Cochin [AP-HP], Département de pharmacochimie moléculaire (DPM), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, [CHIM.THER]Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, Selective inhibition, Gram-Positive Bacteria, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Structure-Activity Relationship, Therapeutic index, Drug Discovery, Aurone, Cytotoxicity, 030304 developmental biology, Gram, Benzofurans, Pharmacology, 0303 health sciences, biology, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Cell Membrane, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 3. Good health, 0104 chemical sciences, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, [SDV.SP.PHARMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, Antibacterial activity, Bacteria
Abstract

International audience; A set of variously substituted aurones was synthesized and evaluated against Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and P. aeruginosa. Several analogues were found active against MRSA, but no effect was recorded against P. aeruginosa. Compounds 27, 30 and 33 showed low cytotoxicity, and were tested against a full range of bacterial (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) and fungal species, including resistant strains. These aurones displayed a selective inhibition of Gram-positive bacteria with excellent Therapeutic Index values, while showing no significant action on several Gram-negative strains, H. pylori and V. alginolyticus being the only susceptible strains among the Gram-negative bacteria tested. A per-meabilization assay showed that the antibacterial activity of at least some of the aurones could be linked to alterations of the bacterial membrane. Overall, this study endorses the use of the aurone scaffold for the development of new potent and selective antibacterial agents.

Published
2018

31. Risk Factors for Infant Colonization by Hypervirulent CC17 Group B Streptococcus: Toward the Understanding of Late-onset Disease

Author

Alban Le Monnier, Najoua El Helali, Elie Azria, Emile Falloukh, Pierre Henri Jarreau, Céline Plainvert, Aurélien Seco, Catherine Branger, Olivia Anselem, François Goffinet, Morgane Ballon, Josette Raymond, Amandine Frigo, Laurent Mandelbrot, Asmaa Tazi, Claire Poyart, Valérie Marcou, Pierre-Yves Ancel, Fatma Magdoud El Alaoui, Caroline Joubrel, and Patrick Trieu-Cuot

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Concordance, Mothers, Breast milk, medicine.disease_cause, Group B, Streptococcus agalactiae, Feces, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Streptococcal Infections, medicine, Humans, Colonization, Longitudinal Studies, Prospective Studies, Mouth, Virulence, business.industry, Streptococcus, Obstetrics, Incidence, Infant, Odds ratio, Confidence interval, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Major Articles and Commentaries, Infectious Diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, Vagina, Female, France, business
Abstract

BACKGROUND In infants, the mode of acquisition of CC17 group B Streptococcus (GBS), the hypervirulent clone responsible for late-onset disease (LOD), remains elusive. METHODS In a prospective multicenter study in France, we evaluated GBS colonization in mother-baby pairs with 2 months of follow-up between 2012 and 2015. Criteria included positivity for GBS colonization at antenatal screening or at delivery. Maternal vaginal samples and infant oral cavity and stool samples were analyzed at delivery, 21 ± 7 days (D21), and 60 ± 7 days (D60) post-delivery. RESULTS A total of 890 mother-baby pairs were analyzed. GBS colonized 7%, 21%, and 23% of the infants at birth, D21, and D60, respectively, of which 10%, 11%, and 13% were identified as CC17 GBS. Concordance between maternal and infant GBS type was 96%. At D21, the main risk factors for infant colonization by GBS were simultaneous maternal colonization of the vagina (odds ratio [OR], 4.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.69-15.61) and breast milk (OR, 7.93; 95% CI, 3.81-17.14). Importantly, 38% (95% CI, 23%-56%) of infants colonized by CC17 GBS appeared colonized for the first time at D60 vs 18% (95% CI, 14%-24%; P < .049) of infants colonized by non-CC17 GBS. Multivariate analysis showed a higher risk for de novo infant colonization by CC17 at D60 than by other GBS (OR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.02-5.88). CONCLUSIONS The high incidence of CC17 GBS in LOD is likely due to an enhanced post-delivery mother-to-infant transmission.

Published
2018

32. Molecular diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric biopsies: Evaluation of the Amplidiag

Author

Constantin, Hays, Thibault, Delerue, Dominique, Lamarque, Christophe, Burucoa, Ghislaine, Collobert, Annick, Billöet, Nicolas, Kalach, and Josette, Raymond

Subjects
Adult, Aged, 80 and over, DNA, Bacterial, Adolescent, Helicobacter pylori, Biopsy, Stomach, Infant, Middle Aged, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sensitivity and Specificity, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Helicobacter Infections, RNA, Ribosomal, 23S, Bacterial Proteins, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, Child, Preschool, Clarithromycin, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Mutation, Humans, Reagent Kits, Diagnostic, Child, Aged
Abstract

Adapted treatments for Helicobacter pylori infection, guided by determining antimicrobial resistance, are associated with high eradication rates. We evaluated the performance of the AmplidiagA total of 127 gastric biopsies were analyzed (98 adults; 29 children). Culture, PCR AmplidiagFor detection of H. pylori, AmplidiagThis study demonstrated the high sensitivity of the PCR-based Amplidiag

Published
2018

33. Contribution of genetic amplification by PCR for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients receiving proton pump inhibitors

Author

Catherine Julié, Jean-François Emile, Dominique Lamarque, Josette Raymond, Thomas Bazin, Arouna Nchare Mfondi, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Yaoundé, Partenaires INRAE, Hôpital Ambroise Paré [AP-HP], AP-HP - Hôpital Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)

Subjects
Helicobacter pylori infection, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Proton-pump inhibitor, Gastroenterology, histology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, In patient, biology, Helicobacter pylori, business.industry, Original Articles, Standard methods, biology.organism_classification, glmM, 3. Good health, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Testin, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, proton pump inhibitors, business, real-time PCR
Abstract

International audience; Background: Helicobacter pylori detection by standard methods may be altered by proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use. However, some patients cannot or should not interrupt PPI use before undergoing testing for H. pylori. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) could allow more reliable H. pylori detection even in patients taking PPIs. Objective: The aim of our study is to compare the H. pylori infection diagnostic value of histological examination without and with immunohistochemical staining, bacterial culture and PCR, in PPI-treated vs untreated patients. Methods: Patients undergoing a gastric endoscopy for upper digestive symptoms were included. Gastric biopsy samples were obtained. The impact of taking PPI on the diagnostic performance of the different methods was studied. PCR results were confirmed by sequencing the glmM gene. Results: A total of 497 patients were included, of whom 192 were H. pylori positive. Fifty-two patients received PPIs during the 14 days preceding the endoscopy while 140 did not. All methods had lower sensitivity than PCR, in all cases (PPI treatment or not). PPI use did not change significantly the methods' sensitivities. Conclusion: The PCR method showed the best performance for the detection of H. pylori in gastric samples, whether or not patients received previous PPI treatment. This diagnosis test could become a new gold-standard test, especially in patients undergoing PPI treatment.

Published
2018

34. Antimicrobial treatment of urinary tract infections in children

Author

Josette Raymond, François Dubos, Robert M. Cohen, Philippe Minodier, Emmanuel Grimprel, Elise Launay, and Yves Gillet

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, Urinary system, 030106 microbiology, Antibiotics, Sepsis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Ambulatory care, 030225 pediatrics, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, Child, book, business.industry, Bacterial Infections, Antimicrobial, medicine.disease, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Amikacin, Infectious disease (medical specialty), Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Pediatric Infectious Disease, Urinary Tract Infections, book.journal, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Urinary tract infections are the most frequent documented bacterial infections in children. The antibiotic choices proposed in this manuscript are based on the guidelines published by the Pediatric Infectious Disease Group (GPIP) and the French-Language Infectious Disease Society (SPILF). Dipstick positive for leukocytes and/or nitrites must precede in most circumstances (excluding the newborns, neutropenic patients and those with sepsis), urine culture and antibiotic prescription. The proportion of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) Escherichia coli strains has increased steadily in recent years, and the situations in which oral antibiotic switch is frequently not available are increasing. Cephalosporin resistance remains below 10% in most regions of France. However, there is no doubt that the proportion of resistant strains will increase in the coming years: the only uncertainly concerns the speed of this trend. With the aim of saving penems and promoting outpatient care, this guide proposes among the acceptable initial treatments for febrile urinary tract infections in infants, amikacin. This aminoglycoside remains active against the majority of ESBL strains and can be prescribed in once-daily dose allowing also ambulatory management of patients from pediatric emergency department.

Published
2018

35. Practice guidelines for the management of adult community-acquired urinary tract infections

Author

Karine Faure, Manuel Etienne, Rémy Gauzit, Thanh Doco-Lecompte, R. Azria, Eric Senneville, Josette Raymond, Damien Subtil, C. Trivalle, Gaëtan Gavazzi, Stéphane Bonacorsi, C. Flateau, Albert Sotto, François Caron, G. Cariou, E. Clouqueur, Laurent Lemaitre, F. Bruyère, Audrey Mérens, Tatiana Galperine, E. Elefant, Robert M. Cohen, Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen], Groupe de Recherche sur l'Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Geneva University Hospital (HUG), CHU Henri Mondor, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service d'urologie [Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Hôpital Bretonneau, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Groupe Hospitalier Diaconesses Croix Saint-Simon, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil (CHIC), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève (HUG), Service de néonatologie [CHU Trousseau], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Département d'obstétrique[Lille], Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre [Lille]-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Hôpital Paul Brousse, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Begin, Service de Santé des Armées, and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Cystite, Pyélonéphrite, Male urinary tract infection, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Drug Resistance, Urine, Drug resistance, 0302 clinical medicine, Microbial, Infection urinaire, Pregnancy, Recurrence, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Diagnosis, Cystitis, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Disease management (health), Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Reagent Strips, Infection urinaire masculine, Urinary tract infection, Pyelonephritis, Infectious, Bacterial, Disease Management, Drug Resistance, Microbial, 3. Good health, Prostatitis, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Urinary tract colonization, Community-Acquired Infections, Infectious Diseases, Urinary Tract Infections, Female, Multiple, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Bacteriuria, Urinary system, 030106 microbiology, Diagnosis, Differential, 03 medical and health sciences, Prostatite, Internal medicine, Humans, business.industry, Colonisation urinaire, medicine.disease, Urosepsis, Pregnancy Complications, Differential, business
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

36. Group B streptococcus neonatal invasive infections, France 2007–2012

Author

Josette Raymond, P. Trieu Cuot, Gérald Touak, Nicolas Dmytruk, Philippe Bidet, Claire Poyart, Caroline Joubrel, Solen Kernéis, Asmaa Tazi, Agnès Fouet, A. Six, DHU Risques Et Grossesse, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre national de Référence des Streptocoques (CNR), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Biologie des Bactéries pathogènes à Gram-positif, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported by the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, the Institut Pasteur, Institut de Veille Sanitaire. A. Six was a recipient of a doctoral fellowship from the Ministère de la Recherche et de l’Enseignement supérieur and the University Paris Descartes Grant: 64111310., Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Institut Cochin ( UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016) ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Service de microbiologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
Male, group B streptococcus, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, Antibiotics, Capsular serotype, Bacteremia, Disease, [ SDV.MP.BAC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, medicine.disease_cause, Serogroup, Group B, Microbiology, Meningitis, Bacterial, Streptococcus agalactiae, Internal medicine, Streptococcal Infections, medicine, Humans, risk factors, neonatal infections, Streptococcus, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Infant, Newborn, Gestational age, Infant, meningitis, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Survival Analysis, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Female, France, business, Meningitis, hypervirulent CC17
Abstract

International audience; Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus (GBS)) is the leading cause of invasive infections among newborns in industrialized countries, with two described syndromes: early-onset disease (EOD) and late-onset disease (LOD). Since the introduction in many countries of intrapartum antibioprophylaxis (IAP), the incidence of EOD has dramatically decreased, whereas that of LOD remains unchanged. We describe the clinical and bacteriological characteristics of 438 GBS neonatal invasive infections notified to the French National Reference Centre for Streptococci in France from 2007 to 2012. Clinical data were retrieved from hospitalization reports or questionnaires. Capsular type, assignment to the hypervirulent clonal complex (CC)17 and antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined. One hundred and seventy-four (39.7%) and 264 (60.3%) isolates were responsible for EOD, including death in utero, and LOD, respectively. EOD was associated with bacteraemia (n = 103, 61%) and LOD with meningitis (n = 145, 55%). EOD was mainly due to capsular polysaccharide (CPS) III isolates (n = 99, 57%) and CPS Ia isolates (n = 40, 23%), and CPS III isolates were responsible for 80% (n = 211) of LOD cases. CC17 accounted for 80% (n = 121) of CPS III isolates responsible for meningitis (n = 151; total cases of meningitis, 188). Bad outcome risk factors were low gestational age and low birthweight. LOD represents almost 60% of cases of neonatal GBS disease in France and other countries in which IAP has been implemented. This observation reinforces the need to develop new prevention strategies targeting CC17, which is predominant in GBS neonatal infections.

Published
2015
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37. Usefulness of Gastric Biopsy–Based Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children

Author

Christophe Dupont, Pierre Gosset, Eric Dehecq, Claire Spyckerelle, Anne Decoster, Nicolas Kalach, Josette Raymond, and Stephan Papadopolos

Subjects
DNA, Bacterial, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Helicobacter pylori infection, Adolescent, Biopsy, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sensitivity and Specificity, Gastroenterology, Helicobacter Infections, law.invention, Predictive Value of Tests, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Gastric biopsy, Child, Polymerase chain reaction, Helicobacter pylori, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Infant, Reproducibility of Results, Urease, Bacterial Load, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Gastric Mucosa, Child, Preschool, Gastritis, Predictive value of tests, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, business
Abstract

The aim of the study was to assess the usefulness of gastric biopsy-based quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection and the identification of clarithromycin-resistant strains in children.A gastric biopsy-based qPCR for the detection of H pylori infection and the identification of clarithromycin-resistant strains in children was evaluated in 62 children with infection and 341 children without infection. H pylori infection was considered by the "reference method" when culture was positive for both histology and rapid urease test (RUT). Results were compared with those obtained using the qPCR.The reference method versus H pylori qPCR positivity showed 95% confidence interval sensitivity 100% versus 100%, specificity 93.2% (86.9-99.4) versus 100%, positive predictive value 59.7% (47.4-71.9) versus 100%, negative predictive value 100% versus 100%, and, finally, test accuracy of 59.6% (47.3-71.8) versus 100%. Sixty-two children were found to be H pylori positive, based on the qPCR results. Among those, 31 children had both positive qPCR and culture with concordant antimicrobial susceptibility testing results, whereas 31 children had negative culture and positive qPCR. The qPCR showed a bacterial load ≥10 copies per milliliter when culture, histology, and RUT were all positive (29/31 children) versus10 copies per milliliter when culture, histology, and RUT were all negative (25/31 children). Grades 2 and 3 histological gastritis were associated with a bacterial load ≥10 copies per milliliter for 28/35 of children versus 27/27 of grade 0 to 110 copies per milliliter.H pylori qPCR positivity is a more precise test than the routine culture, histology, RUT alone and allows detecting low bacterial loads.

Published
2015

38. Prevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection in Malagasy Children

Author

Lova Ravelomanana, Nadjet Benhaddou, André Zo Andrianirina, Naïm Bouazza, Patrick Imbert, Annick Lalaina Robinson, Mbola Rakotomahefa, Josette Raymond, Frédérique Randrianirina, Rabezanahary Andriamihaja, Elisoa Ratsima, Honoré Raobidjaona, CHU d’Antananarivo, CHU Cochin [AP-HP], Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Hôpital Joseph Raseta Befelatanana, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Association Jeremi Rhônes-Alpes (JEREMI RA), Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Begin, Service de Santé des Armées, Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)

Subjects
Male, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, MESH: Asthma, medicine.disease_cause, Serology, MESH: Madagascar, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Child, MESH: Antibodies, Bacterial, Prevalence, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Child, MESH: Developing Countries, MESH: Immunoglobulin G, MESH: Case-Control Studies, Antibodies, Bacterial, MESH: Immunoglobulin M, 3. Good health, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Community-Acquired Infections, Infectious Diseases, C-Reactive Protein, MESH: Community-Acquired Infections, Child, Preschool, MESH: Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Female, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, MESH: Social Class, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, MESH: Anti-Bacterial Agents, Streptococcus pneumoniae, MESH: C-Reactive Protein, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma, Madagascar, Humans, Developing Countries, MESH: Prevalence, Asthma, MESH: Adolescent, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, MESH: Humans, MESH: Pneumonia, Mycoplasma, business.industry, MESH: Child, Preschool, Case-control study, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, MESH: Prospective Studies, respiratory tract diseases, Pneumonia, 030228 respiratory system, Immunoglobulin M, Social Class, Case-Control Studies, Immunoglobulin G, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Immunology, business, MESH: Female
Abstract

International audience; BACKGROUND:Childhood community-acquired pneumonia is a leading cause of childhood morbidity in low-income countries. The etiologic agents are usually Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. M. pneumoniae was recognized as a cofactor in asthmatic disease. High asthma prevalence was reported in Madagascar. Our aim was to clarify the prevalence of M. pneumoniae infection in this country and its relationship with asthma.METHODS:A prospective study was conducted in 351 children (from 2 to 16 years of age) from January 2012 to December 2014. According to the clinical symptoms, children were enrolled in 3 groups: "control group" (CG, n = 106), "asthma group" (n = 129) and "pneumonia group" (n = 116). The IgG and IgM M. pneumoniae status was evaluated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Clinical signs of infection, socioeconomic data and antimicrobial treatment were recorded.RESULTS:The overall prevalence of M. pneumoniae infection was 18.2%. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that M. pneumoniae infection was significantly more frequent in the CG [pneumonia group vs. CG: odds ratio = 0.45 (0.21-0.91), P = 0.037 and asthma group vs. CG: odds ratio = 0.39 (0.18-0.87), P = 0.021]. The C-reactive protein value was significantly higher in children with M. pneumonia-positive serology (85 vs. 61 mg/L, P = 0.03). Of note, 99 (41%) children received antibiotics before attending.CONCLUSIONS:We report a prevalence of 18.2% for M. pneumoniae infection in children in Madagascar. The prevalence of M. pneumoniae infection was higher in the control patients than in asthmatic ones.

Published
2017

39. Predominance of healthcare-associated cases among episodes of community-onset bacteraemia due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae

Author

Jean-Ralph Zahar, Philippe Lesprit, Stephane Ruckly, Aurelia Eden, Hitoto Hikombo, Louis Bernard, Stephan Harbarth, Jean-François Timsit, Christian Brun-Buisson, Nejla Aissa, Alain Losniewski, Sandrine Henard, Christian Rabaud, Cécile Janssen, Léonardo Pagani, Stéphane Bland, Jacques Gaillat, Jean Pierre Bru, Pierre Bonnin, Gaelle Clavère, Virginie Vitrat, Laurence Maulin, Luc Quarsaet, Helene Roger, Jean-Baptiste Euzen, Eric Denes, Elodie Couve-Daecon, Catherine Lechiche, Jean-Philippe Lavigne, Véronique Mondain, Celine Pulcini, Veronique Garnier, Dorothée Lambert, Maxime Hentzien, Yohan Nguyen, Jean Paul Talarmin, Pascaline Rameau, Françoise Geffroy, Arnaud Salmon-Rousseau, Vincent Cattoir, Antoine Froissart, Said Aberrane, Laurence Legout, France Roblot, Guillaume Beraud, Patricia Pavese, Olivier Belmonte, Nicolas Traversier, Laurent Bellec, Marie Lagrange-Xelot, Marie-Pierre Moiton, Barbara Kuli, Pascal Longuet, Agnes Scanvic, Lea Colombain, Milagros Ferreyra, Maxime Jean, Etienne Laurens, Matthieu Saada, Hugues Aumaitre, Martine Malet, Frederique Roustant, Vincent LeMoing, Jean-Pierre Helene, Jonathan Theodore, Caroline Garandeau, Jocelyne Caillon, Benjamin Olivero, David Boutoille, Didier Lepelletier, Lucia Grandière-Perez, Aurélie Beaudron, Céline Ramanantsoa, Catherine Varache, Nicolas Varache, Nicolas Crochette, Hikombo Hitoto, Sophie Blanchi, Pascale Penn, Bernard Louis, Dominique Vanjak, Marie-Christine Escande, René-Gilles Patrigeon, Stéphanie Honoré, Audrey Barrelet, Marlène Amara, Jean-Marc Galempoix, Jean-Claude Réveil, Patricia Bucchiotty, Carine Couzigou, Alban LeMonnier, Emilie Boidin, Stephane Sire, Nelly Luizy, Caroline Bronstain, Carolina Fankhauser, Caroline Brossier, Elodie von Dach, Colette Sauve, Marie-Noelle Adam, Laurent Hocqueloux, Laurent Bret, Marie-Hélène André, Régine Barruet, Marion Challier, Andre Cabié, Benoit Roze, Patrick Plesiat, Katy Jeanot, Isabelle Patry, Joséphine Moreau, Catherine Chirouze, Aaron Laurent, Marie-Nadège Bachelier, Guillaume Kac, Nicolas Farthouat, Nicolas Feuillebois, Thomas Guimard, Sandra Bourdon, Sophie Nguyen, Serge Alfandari, Houcine Bentayeb, Mari-Thérèse Albertini, Bruno Marchou, Noémie Gaudré, Damien Dubois, Christelle Guillet-Caruba, Florence Doucet Populaire, Nicolas Fortineau, Leila Escaut, Vincent Fihman, Rémy Gauzit, Josette Raymond, Solene Kerneis, Veronique Leflon-Guibout, Agnes Lefort, Aurelien Dinh, Anne-Laure Roux, Sophie Abgrall, Françoise Jauréguy, Jean-Christophe Lucet, Nathalie Soismier, Amanda Lopes, Emmanuelle Cambau, Veronique Manceron, Guilène Barnaud, Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Hôpital Foch [Suresnes], Outcomerea, Centre Hospitalier Saint Jean de Perpignan, Centre Hospitalier Le Mans (CH Le Mans), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), Faculté de médecine [Genève], Prévention et contrôle des infections (PCI ), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève (HUG), Services de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Bichat], AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de réanimation médicale, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Pediatrics, Bacteremia, Community-Acquired Infections/epidemiology/microbiology, Antibiotic appropriateness, Klebsiella spp, 0302 clinical medicine, Healthcare associated, Risk Factors, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Prevalence, Risk of mortality, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, beta-Lactamases/secretion, Community onset, ddc:616, Aged, 80 and over, Cross Infection, education.field_of_study, biology, Enterobacteriaceae Infections, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Enterobacteriaceae, 3. Good health, Community-Acquired Infections, Treatment Outcome, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Cross Infection/microbiology, Female, Bacteremia/epidemiology/microbiology, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, 030106 microbiology, Population, beta-Lactamases, 03 medical and health sciences, Extended-spectrum β-lactamase, Antibiotic therapy, Enterobacteriaceae/classification/enzymology/isolation & purification, Humans, Risk factor, education, Aged, Enterobacteriaceae Infections/epidemiology/microbiology, business.industry, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, Survival Analysis, Risk factors, [SDV.SP.PHARMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, Bacteraemia, business
Abstract

International audience; Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) are endemic pathogens worldwide. Infection with ESBL-PE may be associated with inadequate antibiotic therapy and a poor outcome. However, risk factors for ESBL-PE community-acquired infections are ill-defined. An observational multicentre study was performed in 50 hospitals to identify the prevalence of and risk factors for community-acquired ESBL-PE bacteraemia. All patients presenting with community-onset Enterobacteriaceae bacteraemia were recorded over a 2-month period (between June and November 2013). Risk factors and 14-day outcomes of patients were investigated. Among 682 Enterobacteriaceae bacteraemia episodes recorded, 58 (8.5%) were caused by ESBL-PE. The most frequent species isolated were Escherichia coli (537; 76.7%) and Klebsiella spp. (68; 9.7%), of which 49 (9.1%) and 8 (11.8%), respectively, were ESBL-producers. Most ESBL-PE episodes were healthcare-associated, and only 22 (38%) were apparently community-acquired. The main risk factor for community-acquired ESBL-PE bacteraemia was a prior hospital stay of ≥5 days within the past year. The overall 14-day survival was 90%; only 4 (6.9%) of 58 patients with ESBL-PE bacteraemia died. Inadequate initial antibiotic therapy was administered to 55% of patients with ESBL-PE bacteraemia but was not associated with increased 14-day mortality. Although many patients had community-onset ESBL-PE bacteraemia, almost two-thirds of the episodes were actually healthcare-associated, and true community-acquired ESBL-PE bacteraemia remains rare. In our essentially non-severely ill population, inappropriate initial therapy was not associated with a higher risk of mortality.

Published
2017

40. Erratum to 'Predominance of healthcare-associated cases among episodes of community-onset bacteraemia due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae' [International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 49/1 67-73]

Author

Jean-Ralph Zahar, Philippe Lesprit, Stephane Ruckly, Aurelia Eden, Hitoto Hikombo, Louis Bernard, Stephan Harbarth, Jean-Francois Timsit, Christian Brun-Buisson, Jean Carlet, Pierre Dellamonica, Remy Gauzit, Christian Rabaud, Serge Alfandari, Robert Cohen, Bruno Coignard, Celine Pulcini, Jerome Robert, Nejla Aissa, Alain Losniewski, Sandrine Henard, Cecile Janssen, Leonardo Pagani, Stephane Bland, Jacques Gaillat, Jean Pierre Bru, Pierre Bonnin, Gaelle Clavere, Virginie Vitrat, Laurence Maulin, Luc Quarsaet, Helene Roger, Jean-Baptiste Euzen, Eric Denes, Elodie Couve-Daecon, Catherine Lechiche, Jean-Philippe Lavigne, Veronique Mondain, Veronique Garnier, Dorothee Lambert, Maxime Hentzien, Yohan Nguyen, Jean Paul Talarmin, Pascaline Rameau, Francoise Geffroy, Arnaud Salmon-Rousseau, Vincent Cattoir, Antoine Froissart, Said Aberrane, Laurence Legout, France Roblot, Guillaume Beraud, Patricia Pavese, Olivier Belmonte, Nicolas Traversier, Laurent Bellec, Marie Lagrange-Xelot, Marie-Pierre Moiton, Barbara Kuli, Pascal Longuet, Agnes Scanvic, Lea Colombain, Milagros Ferreyra, Maxime Jean, Etienne Laurens, Matthieu Saada, Hugues Aumaitre, Martine Malet, Frederique Roustant, Vincent LeMoing, Jean-Pierre Helene, Jonathan Theodore, Caroline Garandeau, Jocelyne Caillon, Benjamin Olivero, David Boutoille, Didier Lepelletier, Lucia Grandiere-Perez, Aurelie Beaudron, Celine Ramanantsoa, Catherine Varache, Nicolas Varache, Nicolas Crochette, Hikombo Hitoto, Sophie Blanchi, Pascale Penn, Bernard Louis, Dominique Vanjak, Marie-Christine Escande, Rene-Gilles Patrigeon, Stephanie Honore, Audrey Barrelet, Marlene Amara, Jean-Marc Galempoix, Jean-Claude Reveil, Patricia Bucchiotty, Carine Couzigou, Alban LeMonnier, Emilie Boidin, Stephane Sire, Nelly Luizy, Caroline Bronstain, Carolina Fankhauser, Caroline Brossier, Elodie von Dach, Colette Sauve, Marie-Noelle Adam, Laurent Hocqueloux, Laurent Bret, Marie-Helene Andre, Regine Barruet, Marion Challier, Andre Cabie, Benoit Roze, Patrick Plesiat, Katy Jeanot, Isabelle Patry, Josephine Moreau, Catherine Chirouze, Aaron Laurent, Marie-Nadege Bachelier, Guillaume Kac, Nicolas Farthouat, Nicolas Feuillebois, Thomas Guimard, Sandra Bourdon, Sophie Nguyen, Houcine Bentayeb, Mari-Therese Albertini, Bruno Marchou, Noemie Gaudre, Damien Dubois, Christelle Guillet-Caruba, Florence Doucet Populaire, Nicolas Fortineau, Leila Escaut, Vincent Fihman, Josette Raymond, Solene Kerneis, Veronique Leflon-Guibout, Agnes Lefort, Aurelien Dinh, Anne-Laure Roux, Sophie Abgrall, Francoise Jaureguy, Jean-Christophe Lucet, Nathalie Soismier, Amanda Lopes, Emmanuelle Cambau, Veronique Manceron, Guilene Barnaud, Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Foch [Suresnes], Centre Hospitalier Saint Jean de Perpignan, Service d'Infectiologie et des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CH Le Mans] | Infectious and tropical disease department [Le Mans hospital], Centre Hospitalier Le Mans (CH Le Mans), Hôpital Bretonneau, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Prévention et contrôle des infections (PCI ), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève (HUG), Services de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Bichat], AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Service des maladies infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice)-University Hospital, Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Réseau Antibiolor, Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (SIMPA), Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre Hospitalier Tourcoing, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U912 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Bactériologie [CHU Nancy], Institute for Computational Modeling in Civil Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Imperial College London, Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier de la Région d'Annecy (Pringy), Service des Maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Limoges], CHU Limoges, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CH Cornouaille, Plateforme imagerie et cytométrie (PFIC), Analyse moléculaire, modélisation et imagerie de la maladie cancéreuse (AMMICa), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Evaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales - ULR 2694 (METRICS), Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Institute of New Imaging Technologies (INIT), Universitat Jaume I, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion (CHU La Réunion), Unité des maladies infectieuses, Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard, CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Laboratoire Cliniques Pathologique et Interculturelle (LCPI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), SAD Paysage (SAD Paysage), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Service des maladies infectieuses CHU Perpignan, Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques et émergentes (TransVIHMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département de Chimie Moléculaire (DCM), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections (EA 3826) (EA 3826), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Centre de Recherche en Ingénierie financière et finance Publique (CRIFP), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Nantes], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Service de bactériologie et hygiène hospitalière [Nantes], Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Centre de Recherches en Oncologie biologique et Oncopharmacologie (CRO2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier de Charleville-Mezières, Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institut de Recherche Dupuy de Lôme (IRDL), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Cell Biology, Sciences III, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Fort-de-France, Martinique], CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Hôpital Pierre Zobda-Quitman [CHU de la Martinique], CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Martinique [Fort-de-France, Martinique], CHU Fort de France-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Hôpital Pierre Zobda-Quitman [CHU de la Martinique], CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France], Agents pathogènes et inflammation - UFC (EA 4266) (API), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Institut de l'élevage (IDELE), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Hôpital Saint-Jacques, Laboratoire d'Informatique de l'Université du Mans (LIUM), Le Mans Université (UM), Physiopathologie de l'Endothelium, Vascular research center of Marseille (VRCM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service des maladies infectieuses et réanimation médicale [Rennes] = Infectious Disease and Intensive Care [Rennes], Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Tourcoing, Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies (HCP), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-CHU Limoges-Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST FR CNRS 3503), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Laboratoire Montpelliérain d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (LAMETA), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics, and Mechanics [Warsaw] (MIMUW), University of Warsaw (UW), Service de Microbiologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Hôpital Beaujon [AP-HP], Services des maladies infectieuses, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [AP-HP], Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Département de Médecine interne [Lariboisière], Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Emergence de la résistance bactérienne in vivo (EA3964), AP-HP Groupe Hospitalier Lariboisière, Laboratoire d'ethnologie et de sociologie comparative (LESC), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Equipe mobile d'infectiologie, CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Service Microbiologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, Institut franco-allemand de recherche de Saint-Louis, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU), Unité d’Otologie, implants auditifs et chirurgie de la base du crâne [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Service d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques er émergentes (TransVIHMI), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Epidémiologie pronostique des cancers et affections graves, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Infection Control Programme and WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, CHU Cochin [AP-HP], Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Technische Universität Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Génie Informatique et Ingénierie de Production (LGI2P), IMT - MINES ALES (IMT - MINES ALES), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Service d'Otologie, Implants auditifs et Chirurgie de la base du crâne [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Santé publique : épidémiologie et qualité des soins-EA 2694 (CERIM), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses (TransVIHMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Universtié Yaoundé 1 [Cameroun]-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Geneva [Switzerland], Université Laval, Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon), Institut de l'Elevage, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon)-Hôpital Saint-Jacques, Service des maladies infectieuses et réanimation médicale, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou, Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke], Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics, and Mechanics [Warsaw], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-AP-HP Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [Garches], Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Avicenne-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université, Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), CHU Fort de France-Hôpital Pierre Zobda-Quitman [CHU de la Martinique], CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Service des maladies infectieuses et réanimation médicale [Rennes], Hôpital Beaujon [AP-HP], Cholley, Pascal, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), CHU Nice-University Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy ( CHRU Nancy ), Laboratoire de Physiologie des Invertébrés ( LPI ), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) ( LEMAR ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer ( IUEM ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale ( SESSTIM ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -ORS PACA-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie ( IMPMC ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie ( IRAP ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Equipe Poitevine de Recherche et d'Encadrement Doctoral en sciences criminelles de Poitiers ( EPRED ), Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire de Génie Informatique et Ingénierie de Production ( LGI2P ), IMT - Mines Alès Ecole Mines - Télécom ( IMT - MINES ALES ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand ( LPC ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims ( CHU de Reims ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Plateforme imagerie et cytométrie ( PFIC ), Analyse moléculaire, modélisation et imagerie de la maladie cancéreuse ( AMMICa ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut Gustave Roussy ( IGR ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut Gustave Roussy ( IGR ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Service NEUROSPIN ( NEUROSPIN ), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) ( DRF (CEA) ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, CHU de Poitiers, Santé publique : épidémiologie et qualité des soins-EA 2694 ( CERIM ), Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] ( CHRU Lille ), Institute of New Imaging Technologies ( INIT ), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion ( CHU La Réunion ), Laboratoire Cliniques Pathologique et Interculturelle ( LCPI ), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès ( UT2J ), SAD Paysage ( SAD Paysage ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST, VIH/SIDA et maladies associées, Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ), Département de Chimie Moléculaire ( DCM ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Thérapeutiques Cliniques et Expérimentales des Infections, Université de Nantes ( UN ), Centre de Recherche en Ingénierie financière et finance Publique ( CRIFP ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes ( CHU Nantes ), Université de Nantes ( UN ) -Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes ( CHU Nantes ), Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] ( TIMONE ), Centre de Recherches en Oncologie biologique et Oncopharmacologie ( CRO2 ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) - Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] ( TIMONE ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université de Bordeaux ( UB ), Laboratoire Environnement Géomécanique et Ouvrages ( LAEGO ), Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine ( INPL ), Institut de Recherche Dupuy de Lôme ( IRDL ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -ENSTA Bretagne-Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ), Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens ( SYSTEM ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] ( WUR ), CHU de la Martinique-Hôpital Pierre Zobda-Quitman [CHU de la Martinique], CHU de la Martinique-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Martinique [Fort-de-France, Martinique], CHU Fort de France-CHU de la Martinique-Hôpital Pierre Zobda-Quitman [CHU de la Martinique], CHU de la Martinique, Agents pathogènes et inflammation - UFC (EA 4266) ( API ), Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ) -Hôpital Saint-Jacques, Laboratoire d'Informatique de l'Université du Mans ( LIUM ), Le Mans Université ( UM ), Vascular research center of Marseille ( VRCM ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Hôpital Pontchaillou, Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies ( HCP ), Université de Limoges ( UNILIM ) -CHU Limoges-Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique ( GEIST FR CNRS 3503 ), Hôpital Purpan - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Laboratoire Montpelliérain d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée ( LAMETA ), Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), University of Warsaw ( UW ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-AP-HP Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [Garches], Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble ( IPAG ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble ( OSUG ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Avicenne-Université Paris 13 ( UP13 ), Infection, Antimicrobiens, Modélisation, Evolution ( IAME ), Université Paris 13 ( UP13 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Université Sorbonne Paris Cité ( USPC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Hôpital Lariboisière, Emergence de la résistance bactérienne in vivo ( EA3964 ), Laboratoire d'ethnologie et de sociologie comparative ( LESC ), Université Paris Nanterre ( UPN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ), Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] ( CHU ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST FR CNRS 3503)-CHU Limoges, and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), 0303 health sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, biology, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Antimicrobial, Enterobacteriaceae, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Infectious Diseases, Healthcare associated, [ SDV.MHEP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, medicine, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Intensive care medicine, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Community onset
Abstract

International audience

Published
2017

41. Neonatal infections with multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing E. cloacae and K. pneumoniae in Neonatal Units of two different Hospitals in Antananarivo, Madagascar

Author

Gaelle Cuzon, A. L. Robinson, P. Imbert, Elisoa Ratsima, Josette Raymond, Thierry Naas, Z. Andrianirina, Patrice Nordmann, and Z. N. Ranosiarisoa

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, DNA, Bacterial, Male, medicine.drug_class, Klebsiella pneumoniae, 030106 microbiology, Cephalosporin, Enterobacter, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Infant, Newborn, Diseases, beta-Lactamases, Microbiology, Infant, Postmature, 03 medical and health sciences, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Enterobacter cloacae, medicine, Madagascar, Humans, Blood culture, Etest, Cross Infection, medicine.diagnostic_test, biology, Enterobacteriaceae Infections, Infant, Newborn, Outbreak, Sequence Analysis, DNA, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Klebsiella Infections, Multiple drug resistance, Neonatal infection, Infectious Diseases, ESBL, Infant, Extremely Premature, Female, Neonatology, Infant, Premature, Research Article, Plasmids
Abstract

Background: We investigated the molecular mechanism of ß-lactam resistance in extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterial strains isolated in neonatal units of different hospitals in Anatnanarivo, Madagascar.Methods: Bacteria were identified by standard biochemical methods, disc diffusion antibiograms and Etest. Resistance genes were sought by PCR. Strains were characterized by Rep- PCR (Diversilab), plasmid analysis and rep-typing.Results: From April 2012 to March 2013, 29 ESBL-producing E. cloacae and 15 K. pneumoniae were isolated from blood culture (n = 32) or gastric samples (n = 12) performed at day 0 or 2 from 39/303 newborns suspected of early neonatal infection. These infants were treated with expanded spectrum cephalosporins, due to lack of carbapenems, leading to a high mortality rate (45 %). Isolates recovered were all, but 4, multidrug resistant, particularly to fluoroquinolones (FQ) except for 21 E. cloacae isolates. Isolates produced TEM-1 and CTX-M-15 ß-lactamases and their genes were located on several self- transferable plasmids of variable sizes sizes that could not be linked to a major plasmid incompatibility group. E. cloacae isolates belonged to 6 Rep-types among which two counted for 11 isolates each. The FQ resistant E. cloacae isolates belonged to one clone, whereas the FQ susceptible E. cloacae isolates belonged to four clones. The K. pneumoniae isolates belonged to 9 Rep-types among which one included five isolates.Conclusion: This study is the first molecular characterization of ESBL- producing isolates from neonatology units in Madagascar, a country with limited epidemiological data. It revealed an important multi-clonal dissemination of CTX-M-15- producing isolates reflecting both the high community carriage and the very early nosocomial contamination of the neonates.

Published
2016

42. Evaluation of the Andromas Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry System for Identification of Aerobically Growing Gram-Positive Bacilli

Author

Olivier Join-Lambert, M. Barritault, Anne Leflèche, Xavier Nassif, Carlos Vay, Emmanuelle Bergeron, S. Vimont, Jean-Luc Beretti, A.-S. Le Guern, Brunhilde Dauphin, Josette Raymond, Hélène Guet-Revillet, Emmanuelle Bille, Marc Lecuit, A. Le Monnier, Claudia Barberis, Alexandre Leclercq, E. Farfour, Veronica Rodriguez-Nava, E. Carbonnelle, Edgar Badell, Julie Meyer, Hervé Lécuyer, Nicole Guiso, Patrick Berche, J. Leto, Agnès Ferroni, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Bacteriological Techniques, 0303 health sciences, Bacilli, Time Factors, biology, 030306 microbiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Corynebacterium, Bacteriology, Nocardia, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Gram-Positive Bacteria, biology.organism_classification, Mass spectrometry, Sensitivity and Specificity, Microbiology, Bacteria, Aerobic, 03 medical and health sciences, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, Listeria, Humans, Rhodococcus equi, Actinomyces, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

Matrix-associated laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a rapid and simple microbial identification method. Previous reports using the Biotyper system suggested that this technique requires a preliminary extraction step to identify Gram-positive rods (GPRs), a technical issue that may limit the routine use of this technique to identify pathogenic GPRs in the clinical setting. We tested the accuracy of the MALDI-TOF MS Andromas strategy to identify a set of 659 GPR isolates representing 16 bacterial genera and 72 species by the direct colony method. This bacterial collection included 40 C. diphtheriae , 13 C. pseudotuberculosis , 19 C. ulcerans , and 270 other Corynebacterium isolates, 32 L. monocytogenes and 24 other Listeria isolates, 46 Nocardia , 75 Actinomyces , 18 Actinobaculum , 11 Propionibacterium acnes , 18 Propionibacterium avidum , 30 Lactobacillus , 21 Bacillus , 2 Rhodococcus equi , 2 Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae , and 38 other GPR isolates, all identified by reference techniques. Totals of 98.5% and 1.2% of non- Listeria GPR isolates were identified to the species or genus level, respectively. Except for L. grayi isolates that were identified to the species level, all other Listeria isolates were identified to the genus level because of highly similar spectra. These data demonstrate that rapid identification of pathogenic GPRs can be obtained without an extraction step by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.

Published
2012

43. Sequential Therapy Versus Tailored Triple Therapies for Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children

Author

D Yvette Miendje, Laurence Muyshont, Michèle Scaillon, Assad Salame, Patrick Bontems, Samy Cadranel, Nicolas Kalach, Giuseppina Oderda, and Josette Raymond

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Gastroenterology, Helicobacter Infections, Pharmacotherapy, Clarithromycin, Metronidazole, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Child, Prospective cohort study, Omeprazole, Breath test, Helicobacter pylori, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Amoxicillin, Anti-Ulcer Agents, biology.organism_classification, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Surgery, Treatment Outcome, Breath Tests, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Aims The aim of the study was to compare sequential versus tailored triple therapy regimens on Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) eradication rates in children and to assess the effect of antimicrobial susceptibility. Patients and methods Prospective, open-label, multicenter study. Children received randomly either a 10-day sequential treatment comprising omeprazole (OME) with amoxicillin for 5 days and OME, clarithromycin (CLA), and metronidazole (MET) for the remaining 5 days, or a 7-day triple therapy comprising OME with amoxicillin and CLA in cases of a CLA-susceptible strain or MET in cases of CLA-resistant strain. H pylori eradication was assessed by C-urea breath test. Results One hundred sixty-five children, 95 girls and 70 boys, of median age 10.4 years, were included. The intention-to-treat (ITT) eradication rate was 76.9% (sequential 68/83 = 81.9%, triple therapy 59/82 = 71.9%, ns), and the per-protocol (PP) eradication rate was 84.6% (sequential 68/77 = 88.3%, triple therapy 59/73 = 81.8%, ns). Eradication rates tended to be higher using the sequential treatment, but the difference was only statistically significant for ITT analysis in children harboring both CLA- and MET-susceptible strains (87.8% vs 68.5%, odds ratio [OR] 3.3, P = 0.03). Both ITT and PP eradication rates were significantly lower with sequential treatment in CLA-resistant compared with CLA-susceptible strains (ITT: 56.2% vs 72.7%, OR 5.5, P = 0.008; PP 64.3% vs 80.0%, OR 7.9, P = 0.009). Both treatments were well tolerated. Conclusions Sequential treatment is greatly effective for eradicating H pylori in children except in CLA-resistant strains. Sequential treatment can be used as a first-line therapy, but only in areas with a low CLA resistance rate.

Published
2011

44. Pneumocoques isolés dans les pneumonies d’enfants vaccinés

Author

A. Harroche, T. Lecarpentier, D. Gendrel, Josette Raymond, S. LeGuillou, C. Vallet, C. Menager, and Martin Chalumeau

Subjects
Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Abstract

Resume Parmi 76 enfants correctement vaccines par le vaccin antipneumococcique conjugue a 7 valences (PCV7) et hospitalises pour une pneumonie communautaire, simple ou associee a un epanchement pleural, de 2006 a 2009, 10 avaient une infection pneumococcique prouvee par hemoculture ou par la culture du liquide pleural. Les pneumocoques isoles etaient de serotypes 1, 5, 7F ou 19A et aucun n’etait contenu dans le PCV7. Le nombre de pneumonies a pneumocoques bacteriologiquement prouvees etait identique a celui de 2 series du meme hopital etudiees avant la generalisation du vaccin en France. Ces donnees plaident pour l’utilisation du nouveau vaccin conjugue a 13 valences et pour le maintien d’une surveillance bacteriologique dans les pneumonies de l’enfant.

Published
2011

45. Pneumonies à pneumocoque hautement probables chez les enfants vaccinés gardés en collectivité

Author

Jean-François Brasme, Robert M. Cohen, C. Vallet, Florence Moulin, D. Gendrel, Martin Chalumeau, Josette Raymond, and C. Gelmetti

Subjects
Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Lung disease, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Medicine, business
Abstract

Resume La diminution des pathologies invasives a pneumocoques apres vaccin antipneumococcique conjugue est nette, mais des infections, en particulier ORL, dues a des serotypes non vaccinaux persistent chez les enfants vaccines. L’origine pneumococcique d’une pneumonie communautaire est rarement demontree, mais des valeurs elevees de procalcitonine (PCT) et de proteine C reactive (CRP), ainsi que la reponse rapide a un traitement antibiotique sont d’excellents criteres predictifs des pneumocoques. De 2003 a 2008, 47/259 enfants de 1 mois a 7 ans hospitalises pour pneumonie communautaire avaient une PCT superieure a 4 et une CRP superieure a 120, dont 27/147 de 2006 (date de generalisation du vaccin) a 2008. Tous sont devenus apyretiques sous betalactamines en moins de 48 h, rendant l’origine pneumococcique tres probable. Parmi les 27 enfants hospitalises de 2006 a 2008 avec une pneumonie a pneumocoque hautement probable, 21/27 etaient vaccines et 19/21 etaient gardes en collectivite, creche ou ecole, contre seulement 2 entre 2003 et 2006. Ces donnees montrent que chez les enfants vaccines sejournant en collectivite des pneumonies a pneumocoques sont possibles.

Published
2010

46. Proficiency Program for Real-Time PCR Diagnosis of Bordetella pertussis Infections in French Hospital Laboratories and at the French National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and other Bordetelloses

Author

Hélène Réglier-Poupet, Edouard Bingen, Brigitte Couzon, Corinne Alberti, Florence Grattard, Sophie Papin-Gibaud, Sylvie Bouchet, Nicole Tavares, Agnès Ferroni, Gérard Couetdic, Catherine Soler, Nicole Guiso, Christophe Burucoa, Valérie Caro, Sandrine Charreau, Mathilde Choux, Stéphane Bonacorsi, Isabelle Leymarie, Florence Doucet-Populaire, Josette Raymond, and Sandrine Liguori

Subjects
DNA, Bacterial, Microbiology (medical), Bordetella pertussis, medicine.medical_specialty, Quality Assurance, Health Care, Whooping Cough, BORDETELLOSES, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sensitivity and Specificity, Internal medicine, External quality assessment, medicine, Humans, Whooping cough, Bacteriological Techniques, biology, Uniform - quality, business.industry, Infant, Bacteriology, Laboratories, Hospital, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Surgery, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Homogeneous, DNA Transposable Elements, Extraction methods, France, Health Services Research, business
Abstract

With the support of a ministerial program for innovative and expensive technologies, dedicated to the economic evaluation of laboratory diagnosis of pertussis by real-time PCR, external quality assessment for real-time IS 481 PCR was carried out. Coordinated by the National Centre of Reference of Pertussis and other Bordetelloses (NCR), this study aimed to harmonize and to assess the performances of eight participating microbiology hospital laboratories throughout the French territory. Between January 2006 and February 2007, 10 proficiency panels were sent by the NCR (ascending proficiency program), representing a total of 49 samples and including eight panels to analyze and evaluate the global sensitivity and specificity of real-time PCR, one to assess the limit of detection, and one to evaluate nucleic acid extraction methods. As part of the descending proficiency program, extracted DNA from clinical samples was sent by the eight participating laboratories in different panels and analyzed by the NCR. In the ascending proficiency analysis, the sensitivity and specificity of the real-time PCR methods were 92.2% and 94.3%, respectively. The limit of detection of the different methods ranged between 0.1 and 1 fg/μl (0.2 to 2 CFU/μl). The nucleic acid extraction methods showed similar performances. During the descending proficiency analysis, performed with 126 samples, the result of the NCR for 15 samples (11.9%) was discordant with the result obtained by the source laboratory. Despite several initial differences, harmonization was easy and performances were homogeneous. However, the risk of false-positive results remains quite high, and we strongly recommend establishment of uniform quality control procedures performed regularly.

Published
2009

47. Evaluation of Cefotaxime and Desacetylcefotaxime Concentrations in Cord Blood after Intrapartum Prophylaxis with Cefotaxime

Author

Josette Raymond, Jean-Marc Tréluyer, Elisabeth Rey, Christelle Auger, Thomas Schmitz, J. Lepercq, and Vincent Jullien

Subjects
Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture, medicine.medical_specialty, Cefotaxime, Population, Bacteremia, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Umbilical cord, Sepsis, Pregnancy, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), education, Antibacterial agent, Pharmacology, education.field_of_study, Neonatal sepsis, Obstetrics, business.industry, Enterobacteriaceae Infections, Infant, Newborn, Fetal Blood, medicine.disease, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Surgery, Infectious Diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cord blood, Female, business, Ampicillin Resistance, medicine.drug
Abstract

Preterm premature rupture of the membranes is associated with a high risk of neonatal sepsis. An increase in the incidence of early-onset neonatal sepsis due to ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli in premature infants has been observed in the past few years. Intrapartum prophylaxis with ampicillin has proven to be efficient for the prevention of early neonatal sepsis due to group B streptococci. To date, there is no strategy for the prevention of early neonatal sepsis due to ampicillin-resistant E. coli . Our aim was to investigate whether a standardized dosage regimen of intrapartum cefotaxime could provide concentrations in the cord blood greater than the cefotaxime MIC 90 for E. coli . Seven pregnant women hospitalized with preterm premature rupture of the membranes and colonized with ampicillin-resistant isolates of the family Enterobacteriaceae were included. Cefotaxime was given intravenously during delivery, as follows: 2 g at the onset of labor and then 1 g every 4 h until delivery. Blood specimens were collected from the mother 30 min after the first injection and just before the second injection, and at birth, blood specimens were simultaneously collected from the mother and the umbilical cord. The concentrations of cefotaxime in the cord blood ranged from 0.5 to 8.5 mg/liter. The MIC 90 of cefotaxime for E. coli strains (0.125 mg/liter) was achieved in all cases. This preliminary study supports the use of cefotaxime for intrapartum prophylaxis in women colonized with ampicillin-resistant isolates of Enterobacteriaceae . The effectiveness of this regimen for the prevention of neonatal sepsis needs to be evaluated with a larger population.

Published
2009

48. La recherche de Bordetella pertussis par PCR chez les parents permet de diagnostiquer la coqueluche atypique chez les jeunes nourrissons non vaccinés

Author

Dominique Gendrel, Claire Poyart, Cécile Cosnes-Lambe, Florence Moulin, Josette Raymond, Charlotte Catalano-Pons, J.-B. Armengaud, C. Vallet, Marie-Joelle El Hajje, Hélène Réglier-Poupet, Emmanuelle Bosdure, Martin Chalumeau, and Nathalie de Suremain

Subjects
Bordetella pertussis, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Household contact, biology, business.industry, Apnea, General Medicine, respiratory system, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, Young infants, Paroxysmal cough, Vomiting, Medicine, medicine.symptom, business, Index case, Whooping cough
Abstract

Summary Introduction False-negative findings of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for genuine pertussis as well as the numerous atypical forms of whooping cough make it difficult to diagnose this disease in young babies. Methods For two years, real-time PCR was performed to test for Bordetella pertussis in 86 infants younger than 6 months hospitalized for apnea or paroxysmal and/or vomiting cough and in 205 of their household contacts, whether or not they coughed. Results Group 1 included 30 infants for whom PCR detected B. pertussis (25 of whom were also RSV+). PCR was also positive for at least one household contact in 25/30 families. This group included 16 babies with apnea and 12 who developed a whooping cough during follow-up. Group 2 comprised 12 infants whose PCR was negative while at least one household contact had positive results. Five of these infants had severe apnea and 6 developed a whooping cough. Group 3 included 44 infants (28 RSV +) for whom PCR was negative in the index case and in the household contacts: none developed a whooping cough during follow-up. Only 3 of the 54 positive household contacts had a paroxysmal cough or a typical whooping cough and 12 had no cough at all. Conclusion Positive PCR in a household contact, symptomatic or not, is helpful for the diagnosis of atypical whooping cough in young infants.

Published
2008

49. La fréquence du virus respiratoire syncytial et des autres virus respiratoires dans les hospitalisations de l’enfant

Author

E. Marc, Cécile Cosnes-Lambe, Florence Moulin, Mathie Lorrot, Josette Raymond, Martin Chalumeau, Marie-Joelle El-Hajje, Charlotte Pons-Catalano, Flore Rozenberg, Pierre Lebon, Dominique Gendrel, and Nathalie de Suremain

Subjects
Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, biology, Paramyxoviridae, business.industry, viruses, Respiratory disease, General Medicine, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virus, Pneumovirinae, medicine, Mononegavirales, business
Abstract

Resume Objectifs Estimer la frequence du virus respiratoire syncytial (VRS), et des principaux virus respiratoires dans une population d’enfants hospitalises pour infection respiratoire, fievre aigue isolee ou asthme pendant 3 ans dans un hopital parisien. Methodes Nous avons inclus les patients de 8 jours a 16 ans hospitalises en urgence entre 2002 et 2004 pour une des affections communautaires citees et ayant eu un prelevement nasopharynge pour recherche par immunofluorescence de VRS, influenza A et B, para-influenza 1, 2 et 3 et adenovirus (90 % d’exhaustivite pour les prelevements dans les maladies explorees). Resultats Un virus a ete isole chez 464 (38,4 %) des 1 208 patients preleves, 62,8 % des patients de moins de 6 mois etant positifs. Trois cent soixante-quinze patients avaient un VRS, dans 74 % des cas chez des patients de moins de 6 mois avec une bronchiolite. Cinquante-trois patients etaient positifs pour le virus influenza A, 24 pour un adenovirus et seulement 11 pour un virus para-influenza. Le VRS etait le virus predominant chez l’enfant avant, mais aussi apres 2 ans. Le VRS etait plus souvent observe que le virus influenza dans les asthmes aigus ou toute autre maladie y compris les pneumonies figurees, en dehors des fievres isolees ou le virus grippal est plus frequent. Conclusion Le VRS est le virus largement predominant chez l’enfant hospitalise. Apres l’âge de 2 ans, il est observe avec la meme frequence que le virus influenza A. Les virus influenza sont peu frequemment et les virus para-influenza tres rarement observes chez les enfants hospitalises a Paris.

Published
2008

50. Case 2: Paediatric chronic osteomyelitis: report of two cases

Author

Dominique Gendrel, Josette Raymond, Gabriel Kalifa, Martin Chalumeau, Charlotte Catalano-Pons, and J.-B. Armengaud

Subjects
Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Chronic osteomyelitis, business.industry, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, medicine, General Medicine, Osteitis, medicine.disease, business
Published
2007

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