78 results on '"Joseph R. Cohen"'
Search Results
2. PACAP Promotes Matrix-Driven Adhesion of Cultured Adult Murine Neural Progenitors
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James A. Waschek, Joseph R. Cohen, Gloria C. Chi, Tomasz J. Proszynski, and Pawel Niewiadomski
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Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
New neurons are born throughout the life of mammals in germinal zones of the brain known as neurogenic niches: the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. These niches contain a subpopulation of cells known as adult neural progenitor cells (aNPCs), which self-renew and give rise to new neurons and glia. aNPCs are regulated by many factors present in the niche, including the extracellular matrix (ECM). We show that the neuropeptide PACAP (pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide) affects subventricular zone-derived aNPCs by increasing their surface adhesion. Gene array and reconstitution assays indicate that this effect can be attributed to the regulation of ECM components and ECM-modifying enzymes in aNPCs by PACAP. Our work suggests that PACAP regulates a bidirectional interaction between the aNPCs and their niche: PACAP modifies ECM production and remodeling, in turn the ECM regulates progenitor cell adherence. We speculate that PACAP may in this manner help restrict adult neural progenitors to the stem cell niche in vivo , with potential significance for aNPC function in physiological and pathological states.
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Editorial Statement About JCCAP’s 2023 Special Issue on Informant Discrepancies in Youth Mental Health Assessments: Observations, Guidelines, and Future Directions Grounded in 60 Years of Research
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Andres De Los Reyes, Catherine C. Epkins, Gordon J. G. Asmundson, Tara M. Augenstein, Kimberly D. Becker, Stephen P. Becker, F. Tony Bonadio, Jessica L. Borelli, Rhonda C. Boyd, Catherine P. Bradshaw, G. Leonard Burns, Gino Casale, José M. Causadias, Christine B. Cha, Bruce F. Chorpita, Joseph R. Cohen, Jonathan S. Comer, Sheila E. Crowell, Melanie Ann Dirks, Deborah A.G. Drabick, George J. DuPaul, Katherine B. Ehrlich, Spencer C. Evans, Steven W. Evans, Julia W. Felton, Paula J. Fite, Kenneth D. Gadow, Chardée A. Galán, S. Andrew Garbacz, Noni Gaylord-Harden, Kathryn L. Humphreys, Alan H. Gerber, Aaron Hogue, Masha Y. Ivanova, Matthew A. Jarrett, Amanda Jensen-Doss, Erin Kang, Philip C. Kendall, Robert D. Laird, Joshua M. Langberg, David A. Langer, Steve S. Lee, Matthew D. Lerner, Melissa A. Lippold, Aaron M. Luebbe, Bridget A. Makol, Bryce D. McLeod, Robert J. McMahon, Meghan Miller, Christine M. Ohannessian, Thomas H. Ollendick, Armando Piña, Mitchell J. Prinstein, Jill Rabinowitz, Elizabeth K. Reynolds, Randall T. Salekin, Jessica L. Schleider, Judith C. Scott, Jennifer L. Tackett, Elizabeth Talbott, Wendy K. Silverman, Angela Page Spears, Nathaniel von der Embse, Lauren S. Wakschlag, Mo Wang, Ashley L. Watts, John R. Weisz, Bradley A. White, Susan W. White, and Eric A. Youngstrom
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Clinical Psychology ,Developmental and Educational Psychology - Published
- 2023
4. Recommendations for Imaging of the Temporomandibular Joint. Position Statement from the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and the American Academy of Orofacial Pain
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Sanjay M. Mallya, Mansur Ahmad, Joseph R. Cohen, Ghabi Kaspo, and Aruna Ramesh
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Radiography ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,Temporomandibular Joint ,Facial Pain ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Surgery ,Dentistry (miscellaneous) ,Neurology (clinical) ,Oral Surgery ,Radiology ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Abstract
This position statement was developed by an ad hoc committee of the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and the American Academy of Orofacial Pain. The committee reviewed pertinent literature and drafted recommendations for imaging. The statement provides evidence-based recommendations and clinical guidance to apply appropriate diagnostic imaging to evaluate the temporomandibular joint.
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- 2023
5. Intersecting identities and adolescent depression: Patterns of depressed mood and anhedonia in the past decade
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Joseph R, Cohen and Hena, Thakur
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Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Mental Health ,Adolescent ,Anhedonia ,Depression ,Substance-Related Disorders ,Ethnicity ,Humans ,Female ,Child - Abstract
Research suggests adolescent depression is increasing and certain adolescents may be uniquely vulnerable. However, limited conceptualizations of identity and time, as well as the reliance on unitary conceptualizations of depression, inhibits a nuanced perspective on these trends. In response, we examined how adolescent depressive symptoms, depressed mood, and anhedonia, vary across intersecting identities over time.Secondary data analysis on the National Survey on Drug Use and Health between 2009 and 2017 was conducted. In total 145,499 nationally representative adolescents (ages 12-17) completed a diagnostic assessment for depression. Lifetime and past year reports of depressive symptoms, depressed mood, and anhedonia were treated as separate variables. A novel, mixed-level model in which participants were nested within identity (defined by one's age, gender, race/ethnicity, poverty level) and time was used to test our aims.Overall, the relation between depression outcomes and identity did not vary over time (p .01). Further, identity's impact on depression was approximately ten-fold that of temporal effects. Multiracial, late adolescent, female adolescents were at particular risk. Findings concerning depressed mood and anhedonia were similar across analyses.All facets of identity (e.g., sexual identity) were not included in the model and a unidimensional measure of poverty may have underestimated its depressogenic influence.Adolescent depression outcomes are mostly consistent across criterial symptom subtypes and time, but vary as a function of identity. Prevention protocols that highlight mechanisms of risk tethered to social identity, and include salient experiences of females, late adolescents, and multiracial youth in particular, need to be prioritized in mental health initiatives.
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- 2022
6. The role of hopelessness and procedural justice on depressogenic outcomes in serious adolescent offenders
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Morgan Stutts and Joseph R. Cohen
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Male ,Adult ,Adolescent ,Depression ,Criminals ,Self Concept ,Suicidal Ideation ,Suicide ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Risk Factors ,Humans ,Female ,Law ,General Psychology - Abstract
Despite increasing depression and suicide rates in justice-system-involved youth, little is known about depressogenic risk factors in this population. Therefore, we explored how levels of and changes in hopelessness and perceptions of procedural justice predicted depressive and suicidal outcomes in justice-system-involved youth.We hypothesized that higher levels and increasing trajectories of hopelessness, as well as of perceived injustice, would predict depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation across adolescence and emerging adulthood. We also expected that procedural injustice would explain the relation between hopelessness and these outcomes. Finally, we hypothesized that gender and race/ethnicity would moderate the influence of hopelessness and perceived injustice.Data for the present study were collected as part of the Pathways to Desistance study. In total, 1,354 adolescents (Using latent growth curve modeling, we found partial support for our hypotheses. Specifically, baseline levels of hopelessness predicted depression levels and increases in depression during adolescence (Hopelessness and perceived injustice are unique predictors of depression for juvenile-justice-system-involved youth. Preventive interventions targeting both hopelessness and procedural justice could help attenuate elevated depression rates in this population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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- 2022
7. Adolescent Loneliness during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Pre-Pandemic Risk Factors
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Hena Thakur, Morgan Stutts, Jae Wan Choi, Jeff R. Temple, and Joseph R. Cohen
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Health (social science) ,Sociology and Political Science ,Social Psychology - Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a global mental health crisis that disproportionately impacts adolescents. Loneliness is a particularly salient pandemic psychosocial outcome to understand; however, research to date on this outcome is sparse and largely cross-sectional. In response, we examined pre-pandemic risk factors for pandemic loneliness. Further, we examined how risk may differ based on key demographics, and whether mediation or moderation models best explained potential disparities in experiencing loneliness. Self-reported, pre-pandemic mental health, trauma exposure, and family conflict survey data were collected at Wave 1 in a diverse sample of 369 adolescents (54.5% female, 45.5% male; 30.1% White; 30.9% Black; 18.4% Hispanic; MThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12187-022-09984-8.
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- 2022
8. Testing the factor structure and measurement invariance of the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale in adolescents across time, gender, and race/ethnicity
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Jae Wan Choi, Hena Thakur, Daniel A. Briley, Jeff R. Temple, and Joseph R. Cohen
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Pleasure ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Adolescent ,Psychometrics ,Ethnicity ,Humans ,Female ,Hispanic or Latino ,Self Report ,Factor Analysis, Statistical - Abstract
The Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS) is a self-report measure designed to assess anticipatory and consummatory pleasure, two facets of anhedonic predispositions. Despite its widespread use, the factor structure of the TEPS has yet to be tested in adolescents, who are at increased risk for psychopathology and undergoing rapid changes in reward-related processes. In response, the present study aimed to test the factor structure and measurement invariance of the TEPS across time, gender, and race/ethnicity in a diverse adolescent sample. Adolescents (
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- 2022
9. Interpersonal Well-Being and Suicidal Outcomes in a Nationally Representative Study of Adolescents: A Translational Study
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Joseph R. Cohen and Morgan Stutts
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Psychiatry and Mental health ,Developmental and Educational Psychology - Published
- 2023
10. Is ACEs Screening for Adolescent Mental Health Accurate and Fair?
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Joseph R. Cohen and Jae Wan Choi
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Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health - Published
- 2022
11. Supplementary Figure 1 from An Autocrine Loop between TGF-β1 and the Transcription Factor Brachyury Controls the Transition of Human Carcinoma Cells into a Mesenchymal Phenotype
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Claudia Palena, Duane H. Hamilton, Bruce Huang, Romaine I. Fernando, Joseph R. Cohen, and Cecilia Larocca
- Abstract
PDF file - 89K, TGF-β1 secretion in LNCap and H520 cells.
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- 2023
12. Supplementary Figure 2 from An Autocrine Loop between TGF-β1 and the Transcription Factor Brachyury Controls the Transition of Human Carcinoma Cells into a Mesenchymal Phenotype
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Claudia Palena, Duane H. Hamilton, Bruce Huang, Romaine I. Fernando, Joseph R. Cohen, and Cecilia Larocca
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PDF file - 326K, Treatment with SD-208 reverts the mesenchymal phenotype of colon carcinoma cell lines.
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- 2023
13. Engineered IL13 variants direct specificity of IL13Rα2-targeted CAR T cell therapy
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Lawrence A. Stern, Sharareh Gholamin, Ignacio Moraga, Xin Yang, Supraja Saravanakumar, Joseph R. Cohen, Renate Starr, Brenda Aguilar, Vanessa Salvary, Jonathan C. Hibbard, Anusha Kalbasi, Jennifer K. Shepphird, James O’Hearn, K. Christopher Garcia, and Christine E. Brown
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Adoptive ,T cells ,Protein Engineering ,Immunotherapy, Adoptive ,Cell Line ,Mice ,IL13Rα2 ,Rare Diseases ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Neoplasms ,Genetics ,Animals ,Humans ,Tissue Distribution ,Cancer ,Tumor ,Interleukin-13 ,Multidisciplinary ,5.2 Cellular and gene therapies ,glioblastoma ,chimeric antigen receptors ,Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ,Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha2 Subunit ,CARs ,Immunotherapy ,Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions - Abstract
IL13Rα2 is an attractive target due to its overexpression in a variety of cancers and rare expression in healthy tissue, motivating expansion of interleukin 13 (IL13)–based chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy from glioblastoma into systemic malignancies. IL13Rα1, the other binding partner of IL13, is ubiquitously expressed in healthy tissue, raising concerns about the therapeutic window of systemic administration. IL13 mutants with diminished binding affinity to IL13Rα1 were previously generated by structure-guided protein engineering. In this study, two such variants, termed C4 and D7, are characterized for their ability to mediate IL13Rα2-specific response as binding domains for CAR T cells. Despite IL13Rα1 and IL13Rα2 sharing similar binding interfaces on IL13, mutations to IL13 that decrease binding affinity for IL13Rα1 did not drastically change binding affinity for IL13Rα2. Micromolar affinity to IL13Rα1 was sufficient to pacify IL13-mutein CAR T cells in the presence of IL13Rα1-overexpressing cells in vitro. Interestingly, effector activity of D7 CAR T cells, but not C4 CAR T cells, was demonstrated when cocultured with IL13Rα1/IL4Rα-coexpressing cancer cells. While low-affinity interactions with IL13Rα1 did not result in observable toxicities in mice, in vivo biodistribution studies demonstrated that C4 and D7 CAR T cells were better able to traffic away from IL13Rα1+ lung tissue than were wild-type (WT) CAR T cells. These results demonstrate the utility of structure-guided engineering of ligand-based binding domains with appropriate selectivity while validating IL13-mutein CARs with improved selectivity for application to systemic IL13Rα2-expressing malignancies.
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- 2022
14. Comorbid Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Chinese Adolescents: Testing the Explanatory Power of a Diathesis-Anxiety Model
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Jae Wan Choi, John R. Z. Abela, Joseph R. Cohen, and Wei Hong
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Nomothetic and idiographic ,Stressor ,Explanatory model ,medicine.disease ,Comorbidity ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Distress ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Anxiety ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Causal model ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Anxiety and depressive symptoms frequently co-occur in adolescence and confer greater distress compared to experiencing either symptom alone. A causal model (anxiety symptoms predicting depressive symptoms), a correlated liabilities model (vulnerabilities interacting with stressors to predict both symptoms), and a diathesis-anxiety model (vulnerabilities interacting with anxiety symptoms to predict depressive symptoms) have all been proposed as explanations for the relation between depression and anxiety. To date, however, research has mostly examined these models among North American/Western European adolescents. In response, the present study sought to identify the best explanatory model concerning the relationship between anxiety and depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents. 494 10th grade students were assessed for their perceived levels of family cohesion and conflict, stressors, and depressive and anxiety symptoms. Every 3 months for 18 months, youth reported their symptoms and stressors. Symptoms and stressors were person-mean and grand-mean centered to compare nomothetic and idiographic conceptualizations of vulnerability. Overall, evidence suggested a reciprocal, versus causal, relation between anxiety and depressive symptoms. Further, while cohesion and conflict independently predicted anxiety and depressive symptoms, their interactions with stressors were not supported. Ultimately, strong support was found for a diathesis-anxiety model using an idiographic conceptualization of anxiety, such that low perceived family cohesion interacted with within-subject fluctuations of anxiety to predict prospective depressive symptoms. This study provides cross-cultural support for a diathesis-anxiety model and shows the importance of distinguishing between positive and negative family functioning when examining vulnerability in Chinese adolescents. Research and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
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- 2020
15. Short-Term and Long-Term Resilience Among At-Risk Adolescents: The Role of Family and Community Settings
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Joseph R. Cohen and Hena Thakur
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Individuality ,Poison control ,050109 social psychology ,Suicide prevention ,Occupational safety and health ,Residence Characteristics ,Injury prevention ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Longitudinal Studies ,Child ,media_common ,Public health ,05 social sciences ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Resilience, Psychological ,Clinical Psychology ,Distress ,Female ,Self Report ,Psychological resilience ,Psychology ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Objective: Given the severe consequences associated with maltreatment, establishing an understanding of pathways to resilience among trauma-exposed youth is a critical public health aim. Longitudinal research has either examined short-term or long-term responses to traumatic events, which prevents testing for a) individual differences between resilience subtypes and b) consistency of short-term, resilient responses over time. Additionally, post-traumatic stress and depression represent the two most common symptom patterns in youth exposed to maltreatment, however few studies have simultaneously investigated resilience to these outcomes. In response, the current study employs a dimensional analytic approach to distinguish between short-term (the ability to demonstrate adaptive responses to ongoing adversities) and long-term (lack of distress over several years in response to a prior adversity) resilience. Consistent with an ecological perspective, the study examines whether family- and community-level protective factors are similarly or uniquely associated with different resilience subtypes.Method: Participants included 943 individuals (469 male, 474 female) from a nationally-representative, at-risk sample of adolescents who completed self-report measures of maltreatment exposure, depressive symptoms and post-traumatic stress symptoms at ages 12, 16, and 18. During the age 12 visit, participants' caregivers completed self-report measures of family routines and neighborhood social cohesion.Results: Overall, we found that family routines uniquely buffered against trauma-related distress across resilience conceptualizations, while social cohesion played a role in short-term resilience to depressive symptoms (p .05).Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of understanding resilience dimensionally for adolescents exposed to maltreatment.
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- 2020
16. Offspring self-disclosure predicts substance-related outcomes in an emergency department sample of young adults with traumatic injury
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Kenneth J. Ruggiero, Caroline Fields, Kaitlin E. Bountress, Joseph R. Cohen, Amanda K. Gilmore, W. Scott Russell, Casey D. Calhoun, Fletcher Nelson, Tatiana M. Davidson, and Carla Kmett Danielson
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,Offspring ,business.industry ,030508 substance abuse ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Sample (statistics) ,Emergency department ,Article ,humanities ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Traumatic injury ,medicine ,Self-disclosure ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Young adult ,0305 other medical science ,Psychiatry ,business - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hundreds of thousands of individuals visit the emergency department (ED) every year, with many visits occurring following alcohol misuse. Parent-child relationship factors are associated with alcohol-related outcomes. For example, offspring choice to self-disclose information about their lives to parents, rather than parents actively soliciting this information, is associated with substance use. However, it is unclear whether self-disclosure uniquely predicts alcohol-related outcomes in a young adult ED sample. METHODS: Data were collected from young adults (age 18-30 years) visiting an ED for a traumatic injury (n=79). Participants were about 24.4 years old, majority male (53.7%), and Caucasian (76%; 24% African-American). A bifactor model within a structural equation model tested unique effects of self-disclosure on age at first drink, propensity for risky drinking, and likelihood of consuming substances prior to ED visit, over and above parental solicitation and a general factor and gender. RESULTS: Those who shared more information with their caregivers reported an older age at first drink, lower propensity for risky drinking and lower propensity to consume substances prior to their ED visit. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that self-disclosure may be a unique risk factor in the initiation of alcohol use, development of problem use, and consequences following use.
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- 2019
17. Facets of social support are differentially predictive of mental health outcomes
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Joseph R. Cohen, Amanda K. Gilmore, Alexia Guzman, Brianna George, and Kaitlin E. Bountress
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Social support ,Mental Health ,business.industry ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,Emergency Medicine ,Medicine ,Humans ,Social Support ,General Medicine ,business ,Mental health ,Article ,Clinical psychology - Published
- 2021
18. Predicting Adolescent Substance Use in a Child Welfare Sample: A Multi-Indicator Algorithm
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Ryan C. Shorey, Suvarna V. Menon, Joseph R. Cohen, and Hena Thakur
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Substance-Related Disorders ,media_common.quotation_subject ,MEDLINE ,Child Welfare ,Sample (statistics) ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Adolescent substance ,030225 pediatrics ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Prospective Studies ,Child ,Psychiatry ,Applied Psychology ,media_common ,Public health ,05 social sciences ,Clinical Psychology ,Identification (information) ,Welfare system ,Adolescent Behavior ,Female ,Substance use ,Psychology ,Welfare ,Algorithms ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
Given the risk of substance use (SU) among adolescents in the child welfare system, identification of risk for prospective impairing SU behaviors is a significant public health priority. We sought to quantify the incremental validity of routine multi-informant assessments of adolescent psychological distress (i.e., the Child Behavior Checklist and Youth Self-Report) and a commonly used SU screening protocol (i.e., the CRAFFT) to predict SU at 18 and 36 months after baseline in a nationally representative child welfare sample ( N = 1,054; Mage = 13.72). We used receiver operator characteristics and reclassification analyses to develop our algorithms. We found that a battery consisting of baseline CRAFFT scores, self-reported delinquent behavior, and parent-reported rule-breaking behavior provided an incrementally valid prediction model for SU behavior among females, while baseline CRAFFT scores and self-reported delinquent behavior incrementally predicted SU for males. Results suggest that leveraging existing assessments within the child welfare system can improve forecasting of SU risk for this population.
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- 2019
19. The development and validation of an algorithm to predict future depression onset in unselected youth
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Joseph R. Cohen, Hena Thakur, Jami F. Young, and Benjamin L. Hankin
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Male ,Adolescent ,Sample average ,Dysfunctional family ,Risk Factors ,medicine ,Humans ,Child ,Applied Psychology ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Depressive Disorder ,Depression ,business.industry ,Cognition ,Depression screening ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Distress ,Caregivers ,Rumination ,Female ,Self Report ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Algorithm ,Algorithms ,Cognitive style - Abstract
BackgroundUniversal depression screening in youth typically focuses on strategies for identifying current distress and impairment. However, these protocols also play a critical role in primary prevention initiatives that depend on correctly estimating future depression risk. Thus, the present study aimed to identify the best screening approach for predicting depression onset in youth.MethodsTwo multi-wave longitudinal studies (N = 591, AgeM = 11.74; N = 348, AgeM = 12.56) were used as the ‘test’ and ‘validation’ datasets among youth who did not present with a history of clinical depression. Youth and caregivers completed inventories for depressive symptoms, adversity exposure (including maternal depression), social/academic impairment, cognitive vulnerabilities (rumination, dysfunctional attitudes, and negative cognitive style), and emotional predispositions (negative and positive affect) at baseline. Subsequently, multi-informant diagnostic interviews were completed every 6 months for 2 years.ResultsSelf-reported rumination, social/academic impairment, and negative affect best predicted first depression onsets in youth across both samples. Self- and parent-reported depressive symptoms did not consistently predict depression onset after controlling for other predictors. Youth with high scores on the three inventories were approximately twice as likely to experience a future first depressive episode compared to the sample average. Results suggested that one's likelihood of developing depression could be estimated based on subthreshold and threshold risk scores.ConclusionsMost pediatric depression screening protocols assess current manifestations of depressive symptoms. Screening for prospective first onsets of depressive episodes can be better accomplished via an algorithm incorporating rumination, negative affect, and impairment.
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- 2019
20. A multimethod screening approach for pediatric depression onset: An incremental validity study
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Katie L. Burkhouse, Hena Thakur, Brandon E. Gibb, and Joseph R. Cohen
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Male ,Depressive Disorder ,050103 clinical psychology ,Longitudinal study ,Adolescent ,Depression ,05 social sciences ,Mothers ,Cognition ,PsycINFO ,Article ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Pupillary response ,Humans ,Female ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Longitudinal Studies ,Risk factor ,Child ,Psychology ,Incremental validity ,Developmental psychopathology ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Screening protocols that rely on a single informant are inadequate in predicting pediatric depression. Multi-informant and risk factor screening approaches are potentially more sensitive methods for identifying depression risk, but the incremental validity of these protocols has not been adequately tested. Using a translational analytic approach and multi-method, longitudinal study design, we simultaneously tested several multi-indicator approaches to depression screening in order to identify an optimal algorithm for predicting depression onset in youth. METHOD: 222 never depressed children and adolescents (M(age) =10.75 years old, SD(age) =1.85; Female=50.45%; 82.88% White) completed baseline questionnaires for depressive symptoms and cognitive vulnerabilities, in addition to a morphed face task to assess pupil dilation. Mothers, meanwhile, completed baseline questionnaires and a semi-structured interview to assess maternal and pediatric depression. Follow-up depression diagnostic assessments with both the mother and youth occurred every 6 months for 2 years. Receiver operating characteristics and reclassification analyses were used to test our aims. RESULTS: Overall, we found moderate support for a multi-informant approach, and convincing evidence that individual differences in pupil dilation uniquely predicted depression onset. Youth with subthreshold depressive symptoms and elevated pupil dilation were over twice as likely to develop a first lifetime episode of depression compared to one’s risk rate based on sex and age. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides one of the first screening batteries for detecting first lifetime episodes of depression in youth. The unique and incremental validity provided by pupil dilation suggests feasible biological indicators of depression risk can improve primary prevention efforts that target depression, such as universal pediatric depression screening. PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE: A multi-method assessment approach, paired with a developmental psychopathology perspective, can strengthen pediatric depression screening initiatives. Compared to existing and recommended screening protocols, we found the use of a brief multi-informant diagnostic interview and pupil dilation assessment dramatically improved our ability to identify those youth at-risk for depression prior to an initial episode.
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- 2019
21. Cardiac autonomic functioning across stress and reward: Links with depression in emerging adults
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Hena Thakur, Joseph R. Cohen, and Jae Wan Choi
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Adult ,Male ,Sympathetic nervous system ,Sympathetic Nervous System ,Adolescent ,Context (language use) ,Autonomic Nervous System ,Parasympathetic nervous system ,Young Adult ,Reward ,Heart Rate ,Parasympathetic Nervous System ,Physiology (medical) ,medicine ,Humans ,Vagal tone ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Balance (ability) ,business.industry ,Depression ,General Neuroscience ,Coactivation ,Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ,Autonomic nervous system ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,business ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) has received much attention as a potential low-cost, peripheral indicator of depression. Despite theoretical support, however, results have been mixed as to whether indices of the ANS reliably index depression. In response, the present study sought to clarify the relation between ANS activity and depression by examining cardiac autonomic balance (CAB) and cardiac autonomic regulation (CAR), two composite indices of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system, within both a stressful and rewarding context. We hypothesized that CABStress, representing the difference between the parasympathetic and sympathetic branches in response to stress, and CARReward, representing the summation of the two branches in response to reward, will be most indicative of depressogenic risk. We examined the parasympathetic (i.e., respiratory sinus arrhythmia) and sympathetic (i.e., pre-ejection period) responses of 97 emerging adults (Mage = 18.93) for a stress (i.e., negative mood induction) and reward (i.e., probabilistic learning) task, as well as their depressive symptoms at baseline, 3-week, and 6-week follow-up. Analyses found partial support for our hypotheses, revealing greater CARReward (i.e., coactivation of both branches) was related to lower depressive symptoms. Further, exploratory analyses examining gender differences found lower CABStress (i.e., sympathetically-oriented response) was predictive of an increasing trajectory of depression, but only among males. Overall, the current study highlights the importance of simultaneously examining both branches of the ANS across various environmental contexts. Research and clinical implications of the current findings are discussed.
- Published
- 2021
22. Psychological Distress and Well-Being in Trauma-Exposed Adolescents: A Residualized, Person-Centered Approach to Resilience
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Joseph R. Cohen, Jeffery R. Temple, Jae Wan Choi, and Hena Thakur
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Male ,050103 clinical psychology ,Adolescent ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Context (language use) ,Violence ,Psychological Distress ,Person-centered therapy ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Child ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,media_common ,Exposure to Violence ,05 social sciences ,Mental health ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Distress ,Mental Health ,Well-being ,Female ,Psychological resilience ,Psychology ,Psychopathology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Positive adaptation manifests differently in the aftermath of traumatic events. Methodological limitations, however, impede the ability to test conceptualizations of resilience that emphasize the multifaceted nature of these responses. In response, an approach that synthesized a residualized and person-centered conceptualization of resilience examined associations between aspects of resilience in an adolescent sample. In total, 584 racially/ethnically diverse adolescents (age range: 12-17 years; M = 14.98 years; SD = 1.05; 50.9% female; 30.1% White, 29.6% African American, 19.5% Hispanic) self-reported lifetime emotional maltreatment and community violence exposure as well as current levels of depression, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), violent behavior, and psychological well-being (PWB). Each mental health outcome was regressed on lifetime trauma exposure to create residuals used as indices of resilience. Correlations between the residuals suggested that PWB was more closely related to resilience to depression and PTS, rs = .17-.30, than violent behavior, r = .00. Residuals were subsequently entered into person-centered analyses to identify representative well-being profiles. Cluster analysis identified four groups, including two adaptive profiles defined by (a) lower distress and higher PWB and (b) lower psychopathology and lower PWB, based on adolescents' levels of trauma exposure. These two profiles did not vary regarding impairment, p > .999, suggesting both profiles represent positive adaption to lifetime trauma exposure. Theoretical and clinical implications of distinguishing between these two profiles by assessing PWB in adolescents are discussed, as well as how PWB may manifest within the context of different patterns of psychological distress.
- Published
- 2020
23. Childhood Maltreatment and Anhedonic Symptoms: Test of a Dual-risk Model in Emerging Adults
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Suvarna V. Menon, Shiesha L. McNeil, and Joseph R. Cohen
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,050103 clinical psychology ,Anhedonia ,Universities ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Neglect ,Risk model ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Child Abuse ,Child ,Applied Psychology ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,media_common ,Depression ,05 social sciences ,Test (assessment) ,Clinical Psychology ,Distress ,Affect ,Temperament ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Clinical psychology ,Psychopathology - Abstract
Anhedonia, defined as deficits in positive affect and approach related behaviors, remains an understudied trauma response. As anhedonic responses to interpersonal violence are associated with a more severe course of psychopathology that is more difficult to treat, an increased focus on risk factors for anhedonia is necessary. The present study sought to address this gap in the literature by testing a theoretical model that highlights two transdiagnostic pathways leading to anhedonic responses in emerging adults attending college. Specifically, our study examined how childhood maltreatment subtypes (a) uniquely associate with depressive and post-traumatic stress (PTS) manifestations of anhedonia and (b) how temperament (i.e., anticipatory positive affect) and distress (i.e., negative mood) explain these relations. At baseline, a racially diverse sample of 462 emerging adults (AgeMean = 19.45; 75.5% female; 45.5% White) completed self-report forms on childhood abuse and neglect, anticipatory positive affect, negative mood, and anhedonia. Individuals completed measures of temperament and psychological distress again 6-weeks, and 12-weeks later. Latent growth curve models were utilized to test our model. Consistent with hypotheses, deficits in anticipatory positive affect uniquely explained the relation between neglect and depressive/PTS anhedonic symptoms. Meanwhile, negative mood mediated the relation between abuse and both forms of anhedonia. These findings support the theory that two separate risk pathways lead to anhedonia. Support for our model suggests that distinguishing between pathways for anhedonic responses may be the key to a more targeted, transdiagnostic, trauma-informed approach for treating and preventing these deleterious, treatment-resistant, internalizing symptoms.
- Published
- 2020
24. The Association Between PTSD Symptoms and IPV Perpetration Across 6 Years
- Author
-
Ryan C. Shorey, Joseph R. Cohen, Jeffrey Temple, Gregory L. Stuart, Paula J. Fite, and Suvarna V. Menon
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,education ,Ethnic group ,Intimate Partner Violence ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Structural equation modeling ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,Young Adult ,Intervention (counseling) ,mental disorders ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Young adult ,Association (psychology) ,Applied Psychology ,050901 criminology ,05 social sciences ,Gender Identity ,Mean age ,social sciences ,Texas ,Clinical Psychology ,Posttraumatic stress ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Domestic violence ,Female ,0509 other social sciences ,Psychology ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
A large literature documents that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration among adults. However, research on this relationship among adolescents and young adults has been plagued by methodological flaws (e.g., cross-sectional designs). Thus, the purpose of the present study was to examine the longitudinal and bidirectional associations between PTSD symptoms and psychological and physical IPV perpetration from adolesence to young adulthood. A sample of racially and ethnically diverse high school students ( N = 1,042; 56% female) were assessed annually for 6 years (from 2010 to 2015 in Southeastern Texas). At each assessment, participants completed measures of PTSD symptoms and psychological and physical IPV perpetration. The mean age of the sample at the first assessment was 15.09 ( SD = .79). Structural equation modeling demonstrated that PTSD symptoms at Years 2, 3, and 4 predicted increases in psychological IPV perpetration in the subsequent year. In turn, psychological IPV perpetration at Years 1 and 4 predicted increases in PTSD symptoms in the subsequent years. In addition, psychological IPV perpetration mediated the association between PTSD symptoms and physical IPV perpetration over time. Results were consistent across gender and race/ethnicity. Findings provide initial evidence that PTSD symptoms are associated with IPV perpetration across time from adolescence to young adulthood. Prevention and intervention programs for adolescent and young adult IPV perpetration may benefit from screening for, and potentially treating, PTSD symptoms.
- Published
- 2018
25. The Impact of Intimate Partner Violence Exposure in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: A Developmental Psychopathology Approach
- Author
-
Ryan C. Shorey, Jeffrey Temple, Joseph R. Cohen, and Suvarna V. Menon
- Subjects
Male ,Parents ,050103 clinical psychology ,Adolescent ,Substance-Related Disorders ,Psychology, Adolescent ,MEDLINE ,Intimate Partner Violence ,Young Adult ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Longitudinal Studies ,Young adult ,Psychopathology ,Depression ,Extramural ,05 social sciences ,Follow up studies ,social sciences ,Clinical Psychology ,Mental Health ,Domestic violence ,Female ,Psychology ,Developmental psychopathology ,Follow-Up Studies ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Despite increased attention on parental intimate partner violence (IPV) exposure, a relative paucity of research has examined the developmental consequences of this traumatic experience within a life span approach. The aim of the present study was to examine how parental IPV exposure may relate to mental health during the transition from adolescence to emerging adulthood. Furthermore, we examined whether the impact of parental IPV exposure was unique from more commonly studied maltreatment experiences, specifically neglect and physical abuse. A large, racially and ethnically diverse sample (N
- Published
- 2018
26. Letter to the editor regarding 'An orofacial pain specialty: An asset or liability to dentistry and the public,' published in the November 2019 issue of CRANIO
- Author
-
Joseph R Cohen
- Subjects
Orofacial pain ,Medical education ,Pride ,Letter to the editor ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Liability ,Specialty ,GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Facial Pain ,Dentistry ,medicine ,Humans ,Asset (economics) ,medicine.symptom ,business ,General Dentistry ,media_common - Abstract
Dear Editor:I take great pride in my role as a section editor for CRANIO and make sure that my editorial reviews and writings for this journal are accurate and do not include false information. I w...
- Published
- 2020
27. The Stability of Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood in Sexual Minorities
- Author
-
Gregory L. Stuart, Jeffrey Temple, Joseph R. Cohen, Paula J. Fite, and Ryan C. Shorey
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Psychological intervention ,Intimate Partner Violence ,Article ,Structural equation modeling ,Sexual and Gender Minorities ,Young Adult ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Longitudinal Studies ,05 social sciences ,Age Factors ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,050301 education ,social sciences ,Texas ,Sexual minority ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,population characteristics ,Domestic violence ,Female ,Psychology ,0503 education ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Demography - Abstract
Purpose The objective of this study was to examine the stability of physical and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration from adolescence to emerging adulthood among sexual minorities. Methods Adolescents who identified as a sexual minority (N = 135; 71.1% female; mean age = 15.02, standard deviation = .77; 34.1% African-American/black, 26.7% white, 22.2% Hispanic) from southeast Texas were assessed annually for 6 years on their IPV perpetration. Results Structural equation modeling demonstrated that physical IPV perpetration was modestly stable across years 1–4 (24.6%, 24.6%, 26.4%, and 21.6%, respectively), decreased in year 5 (18.6%), and increased in year 6 (24.5%). The stability of sexual IPV perpetration was high across all 6 years (14.3%, 13%, 14.9%, 10.8%, 12.4%, and 14.4%). Conclusions This is the first study to examine the stability of IPV perpetration among sexual minority adolescents. Findings suggest that the development of interventions for IPV among sexual minority adolescents is needed, as IPV is unlikely to desist from adolescence to emerging adulthood.
- Published
- 2018
28. Synthetic molecular recognition nanosensor paint for microalbuminuria
- Author
-
Prakrit V. Jena, Daniel A. Heller, Janki Shah, Alysandria E. Wayne, Januka Budhathoki-Uprety, Thomas V. Galassi, Lakshmi V. Ramanathan, Joseph R. Cohen, Joshua A. Korsen, Jackson D. Harvey, and Edgar A. Jaimes
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Science ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Biosensing Techniques ,02 engineering and technology ,Urine ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Immobilization ,03 medical and health sciences ,Molecular recognition ,Nanosensor ,Albumins ,Fatty acid binding ,Paint ,medicine ,Albuminuria ,Humans ,lcsh:Science ,Multidisciplinary ,Chromatography ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Blood proteins ,Chemistry ,Fatty Acids ,Albumin ,Diagnostic markers ,General Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,medicine.disease ,Nanostructures ,3. Good health ,Biosensors ,Spectrometry, Fluorescence ,030104 developmental biology ,Immunoassay ,lcsh:Q ,Microalbuminuria ,0210 nano-technology ,Biosensor ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Microalbuminuria is an important clinical marker of several cardiovascular, metabolic, and other diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cancer. The accurate detection of microalbuminuria relies on albumin quantification in the urine, usually via an immunoturbidity assay; however, like many antibody-based assessments, this method may not be robust enough to function in global health applications, point-of-care assays, or wearable devices. Here, we develop an antibody-free approach using synthetic molecular recognition by constructing a polymer to mimic fatty acid binding to the albumin, informed by the albumin crystal structure. A single-walled carbon nanotube, encapsulated by the polymer, as the transduction element produces a hypsochromic (blue) shift in photoluminescence upon the binding of albumin in clinical urine samples. This complex, incorporated into an acrylic material, results in a nanosensor paint that enables the detection of microalbuminuria in patient samples and comprises a rapid point-of-care sensor robust enough to be deployed in resource-limited settings., Microalbuminuria, a clinical marker associated with cancer and hypertension, defined by low albumin levels in the urine, is normally detected by immunoassay. Herein, a nanosensor paint was developed using a polymer to mimic fatty acid binding to albumin, transduced by carbon nanotube fluorescence.
- Published
- 2019
29. The importance of using a specific diagnosis in evaluating and treating TMD
- Author
-
Joseph R Cohen
- Subjects
myalgia ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Bursitis ,Myositis ,business.industry ,Oral Surgical Procedures ,MEDLINE ,Myalgia ,Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ,medicine.disease ,Dermatology ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Orthodontic Appliances ,Tendinopathy ,Medicine ,Humans ,medicine.symptom ,business ,General Dentistry ,Physical Therapy Modalities - Published
- 2019
30. Depression screening in youth: Multi-informant algorithms for the child welfare setting
- Author
-
Joseph R. Cohen and Hena Thakur
- Subjects
Male ,050103 clinical psychology ,Adolescent ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Child Welfare ,PsycINFO ,Test validity ,Social issues ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Longitudinal Studies ,Child ,Health screening ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,media_common ,Depressive Disorder ,05 social sciences ,Depression screening ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Female ,Self Report ,Psychology ,Algorithm ,Incremental validity ,Welfare ,Algorithms - Abstract
The Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) represents the most widely used protocol for mental and behavioral health screening in the Child Welfare System (CWS). However, because past studies have (a) relied on the self- or parent report, (b) focused on the internalizing subscales, (c) focused solely on current or prospective depression, and (d) not assessed incremental validity, it is difficult to use the ASEBA to address recommended universal depression screening initiatives in the CWS. In response, the present study used an evidence-based medicine (EBM) framework to identify the best combination of subscales that predict adolescent depression outcomes within the CWS. Overall, we found that a combination of self-reported internalizing symptoms, and to a lesser extent, self-reported attention problems, delinquent behavior, and parent-reported social problems best forecasted concurrent depression status. Meanwhile, self-reported anxious/depressed and externalizing symptoms, in addition to parent-reported somatic complaints and withdrawn symptoms, were necessary to adequately forecast prospective depression outcomes. Using these algorithms, we were able to differentiate and classify youth at minimal, moderate, or substantial risk for current and future depression symptoms. Findings are contextualized with past research on the Achenbach scales and clinical implications for more targeted depression screening are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
- Published
- 2019
31. Youth Depression Screening with Parent and Self-Reports: Assessing Current and Prospective Depression Risk
- Author
-
Brenda A. Lee, Benjamin L. Hankin, Felix K. So, Jami F. Young, and Joseph R. Cohen
- Subjects
Male ,Parents ,050103 clinical psychology ,Adolescent ,Translational research ,Article ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Interview, Psychological ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Humans ,Mass Screening ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Prospective Studies ,Child ,Depressive Disorder ,Psychological Tests ,Receiver operating characteristic ,Depression ,05 social sciences ,Depression screening ,Negative mood ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Female ,Self Report ,Psychology ,Incremental validity ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Few studies have examined the incremental validity of multi-informant depression screening approaches. In response, we examined how recommendations for using a multi-informant approach may vary for identifying concurrent or prospective depressive episodes. Participants included 663 youth (Age(M) = 11.83; Age(SD) = 2.40) and their caregiver who independently completed youth depression questionnaires, and clinical diagnostic interviews, every six months for three years. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses showed that youth-report best predicted concurrent episodes, and that both youth and parent-report were necessary to adequately forecast prospective episodes. More specifically, youth-reported negative mood symptoms and parent-reported anhedonic symptoms incrementally predicted future depressive episodes. Findings were invariant to youth’s sex and age, and results from person and variable-centered analyses suggested that discrepancies between informants were not clinically meaningful. Implications for future research and evidence-based decision making for depression screening initiatives are discussed.
- Published
- 2019
32. Emerging Adulthood and Prospective Depression: A Simultaneous Test of Cumulative Risk Theories
- Author
-
Kari N. Thomsen, Anna Racioppi, Joseph R. Cohen, Neus Barrantes-Vidal, Tamara Sheinbaum, Thomas R. Kwapil, and Sergi Ballespí
- Subjects
Male ,Social Psychology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Poison control ,050109 social psychology ,Suicide prevention ,Education ,Neglect ,Young Adult ,Risk Factors ,Injury prevention ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,History of depression ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Prospective Studies ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,media_common ,Depressive Disorder ,Depression ,Adult Survivors of Child Abuse ,05 social sciences ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Female ,Self Report ,Psychology ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Developmental psychopathology ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Past research indicates that a history of depression and exposure to abuse and neglect represent some of the most robust predictors of depression in emerging adults. However, studies rarely test the additive or interactive risk associated with these distinct risk factors. In response, the present study explored how these three risk factors (prior depression, abuse, and neglect) synergistically predicted prospective depressive symptoms in a sample of 214 emerging adults (Mage = 21.4 years; SDage = 2.4; 78% females). Subtypes of maltreatment and lifetime history of depression were assessed through semi-structured interviews, and depressive symptoms were assessed annually for three years via self-report measures. The results indicated that for both males and females, a lifetime history of depression, abuse, and neglect-exposure uniquely conferred risk for elevated depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the interaction between neglect and prior depression forecasted increasing depressive symptoms, and a history of abuse also predicted increasing depressive symptoms, but only in females. These findings are contextualized within extant developmental psychopathology theories, and translational implications for trauma-informed depression prevention efforts are discussed.
- Published
- 2019
33. Maltreatment subtypes, depressed mood, and anhedonia: A longitudinal study with adolescents
- Author
-
Joseph R. Cohen, Shiesha L. McNeil, Ryan C. Shorey, and Jeffrey Temple
- Subjects
Child abuse ,Male ,050103 clinical psychology ,Longitudinal study ,Social Psychology ,Adolescent ,Anhedonia ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Poison control ,Article ,Neglect ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Affective Symptoms ,Child Abuse ,Longitudinal Studies ,Psychological abuse ,Child neglect ,media_common ,Depression ,05 social sciences ,United States ,Clinical Psychology ,Sexual abuse ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maltreatment exposure is a robust predictor of adolescent depression. Yet despite this well-documented association, few studies have simultaneously examined how maltreatment subtypes relate to qualitatively distinct depressive symptoms. The present multiwave longitudinal study addressed this gap in the literature by examining how different maltreatment subtypes independently impact depressed mood and anhedonia over time in a diverse adolescent sample. METHOD Adolescents (N = 673, Mage = 14.83, SDage = 0.66, 57.1% female, 32.8% Hispanic, 30.4% Caucasian, 25.0% African American) completed self-report inventories for child-maltreatment and annual self-report measures of depressed mood and anhedonia over the course of 6 years. We used latent-growth-curve modeling to test how maltreatment exposure predicted anhedonia and depressed mood, and whether these relations differed as a function of sex and/or race/ethnicity. RESULTS Overall, both emotional abuse (p < .001) and neglect (p = .002) predicted levels of depressed mood over time, whereas only emotional neglect predicted levels (p < .001) and trajectories (p = .001) of anhedonia. Physical and sexual abuse did not predict depressive symptoms after accounting for emotional abuse and neglect (ns). These findings were largely invariant across sex and race. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that the consequences of emotional neglect may be especially problematic in adolescence because of its impact on both depressed mood and anhedonia, and that emotional abuse's association with depression is best explained via symptoms of depressed mood. These findings are congruent with recent findings that more "silent types" of maltreatment uniquely predict depression, and that abuse and neglect experiences confer distinct profiles of risk for psychological distress. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
- Published
- 2018
34. Testing the factor structure and measurement invariance of the conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationship Inventory
- Author
-
Ryan C. Shorey, Paula J. Fite, Joseph R. Cohen, Jeffrey Temple, Gregory L. Stuart, and Nicholas P. Allan
- Subjects
Male ,050103 clinical psychology ,Adolescent ,Psychometrics ,Ethnic group ,Poison control ,Intimate Partner Violence ,PsycINFO ,Article ,Conflict, Psychological ,Interpersonal relationship ,Injury prevention ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Measurement invariance ,Interpersonal Relations ,05 social sciences ,Confirmatory factor analysis ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Adolescent Behavior ,Domestic violence ,Female ,Psychology ,Factor Analysis, Statistical ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Intimate-partner violence (IPV) in adolescent and young-adult dating relationships is a prevalent and serious public health problem. The measurement of IPV across adolescence has most commonly relied on the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationship Inventory (CADRI; Wolfe et al., 2001), which postulates 5 distinct yet related types of IPV (i.e., threatening, verbal/emotional, relational, physical, and sexual). However, the CADRI has received minimal examination to confirm its factor structure, in particular, whether the factor structure is invariant across sex, race/ethnicity, and time, despite the clinical use of this measure for screening and treatment purposes. In response, we conducted a confirmatory factor analysis of the CADRI and tested whether the factor structure was invariant across sex, race/ethnicity, and time. Adolescents (N = 1,042, 56% girls, mean age at baseline = 15.09, SD = 0.79) from high schools in the southwestern United States completed the CADRI annually for 6 consecutive years. Results confirmed the 5-factor structure of the CADRI and demonstrated measurement invariance across sex, race/ethnicity, and time. Our findings suggest that the CADRI captures 5 related but distinct types of IPV and that use of the CADRI is appropriate across sex, race/ethnicity, and time. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
- Published
- 2018
35. The 'Heart' of depression during early adolescence
- Author
-
Xiaomei Li, Kelly M. Tu, and Joseph R. Cohen
- Subjects
Male ,Risk ,Early adolescence ,Ethnic group ,Child Behavior ,Young adolescents ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Sex Factors ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Parasympathetic Nervous System ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Medicine ,Humans ,Affective Symptoms ,Vagal tone ,Child ,Depressive symptoms ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,business.industry ,Depression ,Vagus Nerve ,Moderation ,Emotional Regulation ,Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ,Female ,business ,Peer problem ,Developmental Biology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
This study examined the concurrent associations linking youths' parasympathetic nervous system activity, specifically baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia reactivity (RSAR; vagal withdrawal), with youth depression risk in a community sample of young adolescents. Youth gender was examined as a moderator of associations. Participants included 100 youth (53% boys; M age = 11.05 years, SD = 0.33; 43% ethnic minorities), along with their mothers and teachers. Youth and mothers participated in a laboratory protocol involving a peer problem-solving conversation, during which youths' physiological activity was measured. Youth reported on their depressive symptoms. Teachers reported on youth depression risk via internalizing symptoms and emotion regulation (e.g., emotion lability/negativity). Results from regression analyses revealed that youths' vagal withdrawal during the mother-youth peer problem conversation was associated with lower youth-reported depressive symptoms. Further, gender moderated the associations linking youth baseline RSA and RSAR with youth depression risk. Specifically, among girls but not boys, higher baseline RSA was associated with lower depressive symptoms and emotion lability/negativity, and higher RSAR (i.e., vagal withdrawal) was linked with lower internalizing symptoms. Findings contribute to the relatively small literature linking youth parasympathetic functioning with depression risk, and point to specific implications for girls.
- Published
- 2018
36. Clinical Decision-Making Following Disasters: Efficient Identification of PTSD Risk in Adolescents
- Author
-
Kenneth J. Ruggiero, Kathryn E. Soltis, Eric A. Youngstrom, Carla Kmett Danielson, Ananda B. Amstadter, Zachary W. Adams, and Joseph R. Cohen
- Subjects
Male ,050103 clinical psychology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Family support ,Clinical Decision-Making ,Poison control ,Article ,Disasters ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,Social support ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Child ,Psychiatry ,Missouri ,05 social sciences ,Traumatic stress ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Mental health ,Tornadoes ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Adolescent Behavior ,Alabama ,Female ,Psychology ,Developmental psychopathology ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Psychopathology - Abstract
The present study aimed to utilize a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) approach in order to improve clinical decision-making for adolescents at risk for the development of psychopathology in the aftermath of a natural disaster. Specifically we assessed theoretically-driven individual, interpersonal, and event-related vulnerability factors to determine which indices were most accurate in forecasting PTSD. Furthermore, we aimed to translate these etiological findings by identifying clinical cut-off recommendations for relevant vulnerability factors. Our study consisted of structured phone-based clinical interviews with 2000 adolescent-parent dyads living within a 5-mile radius of tornados that devastated Joplin, MO, and northern Alabama in Spring 2011. Demographics, tornado incident characteristics, prior trauma, mental health, and family support and conflict were assessed. A subset of youth completed two behavioral assessment tasks online to assess distress tolerance and risk-taking behavior. ROC analyses indicated four variables that significantly improved PTSD diagnostic efficiency: Lifetime depression (AUC = .90), trauma history (AUC = .76), social support (AUC = .70), and family conflict (AUC = .72). Youth were 2-3 times more likely to have PTSD if they had elevated scores on any of these variables. Of note, event-related characteristics (e.g., property damage) were not related to PTSD diagnostic status. The present study adds to the literature by making specific recommendations for empirically-based, efficient disaster-related PTSD assessment for adolescents following a natural disaster. Implications for practice and future trauma-related developmental psychopathology research are discussed.
- Published
- 2016
37. Distress Tolerance and Social Support in Adolescence: Predicting Risk for Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms Following a Natural Disaster
- Author
-
Joseph R. Cohen, Carla Kmett Danielson, Kenneth J. Ruggiero, and Zachary W. Adams
- Subjects
050103 clinical psychology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Longitudinal study ,05 social sciences ,Poison control ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Suicide prevention ,Article ,Occupational safety and health ,Clinical Psychology ,Social support ,Injury prevention ,medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Psychiatry ,Psychology ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
The purpose of the multi-measure, multi-wave, longitudinal study was to examine the interactive relation between behavioral distress tolerance (DT) and perceived social support (PSS) in 352 tornado-exposed adolescents aged 12–17 years (M=14.44; SD=1.74). At baseline, adolescents completed a computer-based task for DT, and self-report measures of PSS, depressed mood, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), substance use, and interpersonal conflict. Symptoms also were assessed 4 and 12 months after baseline. Findings showed that lower levels of DT together with lower levels of PSS conferred risk for elevated symptoms of prospective depression (t(262)= −2.04, p=.04; reffect size=0.13) and PTSD (t(195)= −2.08, p=.04; reffect size=0.15) following a tornado. However, only PSS was significant in substance use t(139)=2.20, p=.03; reffect size=0.18) and conflict (t(138)=−4.05, p
- Published
- 2016
38. Polyvictimization: Latent profiles and mental health outcomes in a clinical sample of adolescents
- Author
-
Joseph R. Cohen, Rochelle F. Hanson, Shannon Self-Brown, Ernestine C. Briggs, Zachary W. Adams, Carla Kmett Danielson, Angela D. Moreland, and Robert C. Lee
- Subjects
050103 clinical psychology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,Social Psychology ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Traumatic stress ,Poison control ,Mental health ,Article ,Latent class model ,Occupational safety and health ,Distress ,Injury prevention ,medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Psychiatry ,Psychological abuse ,business ,Applied Psychology ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Exposure to multiple traumatic events (polyvictimization) is a reliable predictor of deleterious health outcomes and risk behaviors in adolescence. The current study extends the literature on the prevalence and consequences of adolescent trauma exposure by (a) empirically identifying and characterizing trauma exposure profiles in a large, ethnically diverse, multisite, clinical sample of adolescents, and (b) evaluating relations among identified profiles with demographic characteristics and clinical correlates. METHOD: Data from the National Child Traumatic Stress Network Core Data Set were used to identify and characterize victimization profiles using latent class analysis in a sample of 3,485 adolescents (ages 13-18, 63% female, 35.7% White, 23.2% Black/African American, 35.0% Hispanic/Latino). Multiple measures of psychological distress and risk behaviors were evaluated as covariates of trauma exposure classes. RESULTS: Five trauma exposure classes, or profiles, were identified. Four classes--representing approximately half the sample--were characterized by polyvictimization. Polyvictimization classes were differentiated on number of trauma types, whether emotional abuse occurred, and whether emotional abuse occurred over single or multiple developmental epochs. Unique relations with demographic characteristics and mental health outcomes were observed. DISCUSSION: Results suggest polyvictimization is not a unidimensional phenomenon but a diverse set of trauma exposure experiences with unique correlates among youth. Further research on prevention of polyvictimization and mechanisms linking chronic trauma exposure, gender, and ethnicity to negative outcomes is warranted. Language: en
- Published
- 2016
39. Cardiac autonomic functioning and post-traumatic stress: A preliminary study in youth at-risk for PTSD
- Author
-
Kari N. Thomsen, Suvarna V. Menon, Hena Thakur, Shiesha L. McNeil, Joseph R. Cohen, and Kelly M. Tu
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Sympathetic nervous system ,Sympathetic Nervous System ,Adolescent ,Emotions ,Context (language use) ,Autonomic Nervous System ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,03 medical and health sciences ,Parasympathetic nervous system ,0302 clinical medicine ,Heart Rate ,Parasympathetic Nervous System ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Vagal tone ,Child ,Biological Psychiatry ,Balance (ability) ,business.industry ,Traumatic stress ,Mental health ,Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Distress ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cardiology ,Female ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
The identification of robust, psychophysiological markers of trauma-related distress is critical for developing comprehensive, trauma-informed, mental health assessments for youth. Thus, the present study examined the clinical utility of cardiac autonomic balance (CAB) and cardiac autonomic regulation (CAR), two composite indices of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. We hypothesized that CAB/CAR would more reliably index post-traumatic stress (PTS) responses compared to measuring the parasympathetic (i.e., respiratory sinus arrhythmia; RSA) and sympathetic (i.e., pre-ejection period; PEP) nervous systems in isolation. Our sample was comprised of 88 diverse, low-income youth (40.9% African-American and 36.4% White; 60.5% girls; Mage = 12.05 years; SDage = 1.57) who are at increased risk for adversity-exposure. RSA and PEP were measured during a 5-minute baseline period and 5-minute parent-child conflict discussion task. Adolescent-caregiver dyads completed a clinician-administered measure of the youth's lifetime trauma-exposure and current PTS. CAB represented the difference between RSA and PEP, while CAR was the summation of RSA and PEP. Analyses revealed that sympathetically-oriented CAB reactivity uniquely (a) indexed PTS, especially in the context of elevated trauma, and (b) distinguished between those with and without PTSD. Findings highlight the translational promise of using physiological markers that account for the balance between the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system.
- Published
- 2020
40. Predicting sexual behaviors from mid-adolescence to emerging adulthood: The roles of dating violence victimization and substance use
- Author
-
Jeffrey Temple, Gregory L. Stuart, Joseph R. Cohen, Paula J. Fite, Haley M. Kolp, and Ryan C. Shorey
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Substance-Related Disorders ,Epidemiology ,Sexual Behavior ,Intimate Partner Violence ,Poison control ,01 natural sciences ,Suicide prevention ,Article ,White People ,Occupational safety and health ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Sex Factors ,0302 clinical medicine ,Injury prevention ,Humans ,Medicine ,Longitudinal Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Dating violence ,0101 mathematics ,Crime Victims ,business.industry ,010102 general mathematics ,Multilevel model ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Bullying ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Hispanic or Latino ,Texas ,Black or African American ,Sexual behavior ,Adolescent Behavior ,Female ,business ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine whether dating violence victimization (psychological, physical, and sexual) and substance use (alcohol and marijuana) predicted sexual behaviors that increase risk for poor outcomes from ages 15–19. Adolescents (N = 1042; 56% female) were recruited from high schools in Southeast Texas in 2010 and followed annually for six years. The mean age of the sample at baseline was 15.09 (SD = 0.79). Participants primarily identified as Hispanic (31.4%), White (29.4%), and Black/African American (27.9%). Participants completed measures of dating violence victimization, substance use, and sexual behaviors annually. We examined unique and interactive associations between substance use and dating violence victimization with sexual behaviors that increase risk for poor outcomes. Multilevel modeling demonstrated that, when examining predictors simultaneously, marijuana use and psychological victimization predicted sexual behaviors over time for males. For females, marijuana use, and physical and psychological victimization all predicted sexual behaviors over time, with marijuana exerting the strongest effect, particularly among females who also used alcohol. Prevention efforts for adolescent sexual behaviors that increase risk for poor outcomes should include a focus on reducing substance use, particularly marijuana, and the effects of dating violence victimization.
- Published
- 2019
41. Translating Cognitive Vulnerability Theory Into Improved Adolescent Depression Screening: A Receiver Operating Characteristic Approach
- Author
-
Jami F. Young, Joseph R. Cohen, Benjamin L. Hankin, and Felix K. So
- Subjects
Male ,050103 clinical psychology ,Longitudinal study ,Adolescent ,Dysfunctional family ,Article ,Cognition ,Risk Factors ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Humans ,Mass Screening ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Longitudinal Studies ,Child ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Cognitive vulnerability ,Receiver operating characteristic ,Depression ,05 social sciences ,Clinical Psychology ,ROC Curve ,Rumination ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Developmental psychopathology ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Traditionally, screening research tests how well a given symptom inventory can identify a concurrent depressive episode. Although developmental psychopathology could inform screening protocols for a myriad of depression outcomes (e.g., prospective depressive episodes), approaches typically used in research make it difficult to translate these findings. Using a translational analytic approach and multiwave longitudinal study design, we examined how screening for cognitive vulnerabilities (rumination, dysfunctional attitudes, and attributional style) may improve our ability to identify concurrent depressive episodes, prospective depressive episodes, first lifetime episodes of depression, and recurrent major depressive episodes. There were 473 sixth-grade (early adolescents) and ninth-grade (middle adolescents; Age(M) = 13.15, Age(SD) = 1.62) students who completed baseline self-report cognitive vulnerability and depressive symptom measures. At baseline and every 6 months for 3 years, pediatric depression interviews were completed by the caregiver and youth. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) approach was utilized to test our aims. Distinct algorithms best forecasted our depression outcomes. Rumination and attributional style emerged as unique and incrementally valid predictors for prospective episodes after controlling for baseline depressive symptoms. Rumination was the only unique predictor for first lifetime depressive episodes. For recurrent major depression, rumination in early adolescence and attributional style in middle adolescence served as incremental predictors beyond baseline depressive symptoms. Proposed cutoffs and diagnostic likelihood ratios are offered for algorithms for each depression outcome. Assessing cognitive vulnerability represents a feasible method to improve depression screening initiatives. Using an ROC-informed approach can help prevention initiatives better leverage the considerable gains made within developmental psychopathology research.
- Published
- 2018
42. Hopelessness
- Author
-
Joseph R. Cohen, Chinmayi Tengsche, Dana M. Sheshko, Raymond C. K. Chan, Benjamin L. Hankin, and John R. Z. Abela
- Published
- 2018
43. Predicting Teen Dating Violence Perpetration
- Author
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Joseph R. Cohen, Jeffrey Temple, Ryan C. Shorey, and Suvarna V. Menon
- Subjects
Male ,050103 clinical psychology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Sexual Behavior ,Intimate Partner Violence ,Interpersonal relationship ,Risk Factors ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Conflict resolution ,Medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Interpersonal Relations ,Longitudinal Studies ,Parent-Child Relations ,Statistic ,business.industry ,Public health ,05 social sciences ,Sex Offenses ,Texas ,Confidence interval ,Adolescent Behavior ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Domestic violence ,Teen dating violence ,Female ,business ,Psychosocial ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Demography ,Forecasting - Abstract
OBJECTIVES: With our study we aimed to (1) understand what factors uniquely conferred risk for physical and sexual forms of teen dating violence (TDV) perpetration and (2) create a screening algorithm to quantify perpetration risk on the basis of these factors. METHODS: A total of 1031 diverse public high school students living in Southeast Texas participated in our study (56% female; 29% African American, 28% white, and 31% Hispanic). Self-report measures concerning TDV and associated risk factors were completed annually for 6 years. RESULTS: Results suggested that family violence (domestic violence exposure, maltreatment) together with deficits in conflict resolution incrementally improved our forecasts above and beyond lifetime history of physical TDV perpetration (net reclassification improvement = 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.30–0.59). Meanwhile, a violent dating history (TDV sexual perpetration, sexual victimization, and emotional perpetration) and acceptance of TDV incrementally improved our models for forecasting sexual forms of perpetration (net reclassification improvement = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.24–0.58). These models adequately discriminated between future perpetrators and nonoffenders (area under the curve statistic >0.70; 95% CI: 0.69–0.74). Overall, adolescents with positive test results on our algorithms were over twice as likely to perpetrate dating violence over the course of 6 years. CONCLUSIONS: Our study represents one of the first applications of reclassification analyses to psychosocial research in a pediatric population. The result is a theoretically informed, empirically based algorithm that can adequately estimate the likelihood of physical and sexual TDV perpetration during vulnerable developmental periods. These findings can immediately aid emerging preventive initiatives for this increasing public health concern.
- Published
- 2017
44. Interpersonal Risk Profiles for Youth Depression: A Person-Centered, Multi-Wave, Longitudinal Study
- Author
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Joseph R. Cohen, Carolyn N. Spiro, Brandon E. Gibb, Benjamin L. Hankin, John R. Z. Abela, and Jami F. Young
- Subjects
Male ,Risk ,Longitudinal study ,Adolescent ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Poison control ,Interpersonal communication ,Suicide prevention ,Peer Group ,Article ,Developmental psychology ,Neglect ,Social support ,Child Development ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Humans ,Interpersonal Relations ,Longitudinal Studies ,Child ,media_common ,Depression ,Social Support ,Adolescent Development ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Anxiety ,Female ,Family Relations ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Developmental psychopathology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Independent lines of research illustrate the benefits of social support and the negative consequences of conflict and emotional neglect across family and peer contexts with regard to depression. However, few studies have simultaneously examined negative and positive interactions across relationships. We sought to address this gap in the literature by utilizing a person-centered approach to a) understand empirical, interpersonal profiles in youth and b) understand how these profiles confer risk for prospective depression. At baseline, 678 youth (380 females; 298 males) 3rd (N = 208), 6th (N = 245), and 9th graders (N = 225) completed self-report measures for self-perceived negative/positive relationships across family and peers, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms in a laboratory setting. Next, youth were called every 3 months for 18 months and completed self-report depressive and anxiety symptom forms. Two-step cluster analyses suggested that children and adolescents fell into one of three interpersonal clusters, labeled: Support, Conflict, and Neglect. Our analyses supported a convergence model in which the quality of relationship was consistent across peers and family. Furthermore, mixed-level modeling (MLM) findings demonstrated that youth in the Conflict cluster were at increased risk for prospective depressive symptoms, while the Supported and Neglected profiles demonstrated similar symptom levels. Findings were unique to depressive symptoms and consistent across sex and age. Conflict seemed to uniquely confer risk for depression as findings concerning anxiety were not significant. These findings influence our interpersonal conceptualization of depression as well as clinical implications for how to assess and treat depression in youth.
- Published
- 2015
45. Dating Violence and Substance Use as Longitudinal Predictors of Adolescents’ Risky Sexual Behavior
- Author
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Gregory L. Stuart, Jeffrey Temple, Paula J. Fite, Ryan C. Shorey, Hye Jeong Choi, and Joseph R. Cohen
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Substance-Related Disorders ,Sexual Behavior ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Ethnic group ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Poison control ,Violence ,Suicide prevention ,Article ,Occupational safety and health ,Health psychology ,Risk-Taking ,Injury prevention ,medicine ,Humans ,Female ,Longitudinal Studies ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
The objectives of this study is to examine dating violence perpetration and victimization (physical, psychological, and sexual) and lifetime substance use (alcohol, marijuana, and hard drugs) as longitudinal predictors of adolescents' risky sexual behavior across 1 year and to determine whether predictors varied across adolescents' gender and ethnicity. A sample of Caucasian, African American, and Hispanic male and female adolescents from seven public high schools in Texas (N = 882) participated. Adolescents completed self-report measures of dating violence, lifetime substance use, and risky sexual behavior at baseline and, 1-year later, completed a second assessment of their risky sexual behavior. Path analysis demonstrated that greater physical dating violence victimization, lifetime alcohol use, lifetime marijuana use, and age (being older) were all significant predictors of risky sexual behavior at the 1-year follow-up. These results did not vary across gender or the three ethnic groups (Caucasian, African American, and Hispanic). Overall, substance use was a longitudinal predictor of risky sexual behavior across the three ethnic groups, with physical dating violence victimization being the only type of dating violence longitudinally predicting risky sexual behavior. Prevention efforts should consider the roles of physical dating violence and substance use in preventing risky sexual behavior.
- Published
- 2015
46. Electrodeposited high strength, thermally stable spectrally selective rhenium nickel inverse opals
- Author
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Runyu Zhang, Joseph R. Cohen, Paul V. Braun, and Shanhui Fan
- Subjects
Materials science ,Analytical chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Mineralogy ,02 engineering and technology ,engineering.material ,Colloidal crystal ,Rhenium ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Metal ,Nickel ,chemistry ,Coating ,visual_art ,engineering ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,General Materials Science ,Thermal stability ,0210 nano-technology ,Porous medium ,Elastic modulus - Abstract
Rhenium-Nickel (RexNi100-x) based 3D metallic inverse opals (IOs) were realized via colloidal crystal templated electrodeposition from an aqueous electrolyte. By varying the electrodeposition parameters, x could be varied from 0 to 88. Under reducing conditions, the rhenium-rich IOs were structurally stable to temperatures of at least 1000 °C for 5 h and for at least 12 h after coating with a thin layer of Al2O3. This demonstrated level of thermal stability is significantly improved compared to previously reported electrodeposited refractory inverse opals with similar characteristic dimensions. A strong frequency dependence in the optical reflection, which ranged from ∼5% around 1.5 μm to ∼65% around 5 μm, is predicted by simulations and experimentally observed, indicating the potential of this structure as a high temperature spectrally selective optical absorber/emitter. The elastic modulus of the ReNi IO structure is ∼35 GPa and the hardness is ∼0.8 GPa. Both these properties are much higher than those of Ni inverse opals and other periodically porous materials with similar characteristic pore dimensions. We suggest this work provides a promising approach for thermally stable mesostructured materials for high temperature catalyst supports, refractory photonics and mechanical applications including high temperature filtration, and high temperature actuators.
- Published
- 2017
47. Age of onset for physical and sexual teen dating violence perpetration: A longitudinal investigation
- Author
-
Paula J. Fite, Gregory L. Stuart, Joseph R. Cohen, Ryan C. Shorey, Jeffrey Temple, and Yu Lu
- Subjects
Male ,050103 clinical psychology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Epidemiology ,Sexual Behavior ,Intimate Partner Violence ,Article ,Primary prevention ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,medicine ,Southwestern United States ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Interpersonal Relations ,Age of Onset ,Health consequences ,business.industry ,Public health ,05 social sciences ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Developmentally Appropriate Practice ,Ethnically diverse ,Adolescent Behavior ,Teen dating violence ,Female ,Age of onset ,business ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Demography - Abstract
Teen dating violence (TDV) is a serious and prevalent public health problem. TDV is associated with a number of negative health consequences for victims and predicts violence in adult relationships. Thus, efforts should be devoted to the primary prevention of TDV. However, only a few studies have examined when the risk for the first occurrence of TDV is greatest. Continued research in this area would inform the timing of, as well as developmentally appropriate strategies for, TDV primary prevention efforts. The current study examined at which age(s) the risk for TDV perpetration onset was greatest. Utilizing a panel-based design, a sample of racially/ethnically diverse high school students (N = 872; 56% female) from the Southwestern United States completed self-report surveys on physical and sexual TDV perpetration annually for six years (2010 to 2016). Findings suggested that the physical TDV risk of onset was at or before ages 15 to 16 for females and at or before age 18 for males. For sexual TDV perpetration, risk was similar for males and females during adolescence, before uniquely increasing for males, and not females in emerging adulthood. Findings highlight the need for TDV primary prevention programs to be implemented early in high school, and potentially in middle school.
- Published
- 2017
48. Does change in perceptions of peer teen dating violence predict change in teen dating violence perpetration over time?
- Author
-
Liz Torres, Paula J. Fite, Ryan C. Shorey, Brian T. Wymbs, Joseph R. Cohen, and Jeffrey Temple
- Subjects
Male ,Adolescent ,Peer violence ,media_common.quotation_subject ,education ,Intimate Partner Violence ,050109 social psychology ,Peer Group ,Article ,Developmental psychology ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Intervention (counseling) ,Perception ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Peer influence ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Longitudinal Studies ,General Psychology ,media_common ,Schools ,05 social sciences ,Parallel process ,Ethnically diverse ,Social Perception ,Adolescent Behavior ,Teen dating violence ,Female ,sense organs ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
Research has previously demonstrated that perceptions of peer's teen dating violence (TDV) is associated with one's own perpetration of TDV, although little research has examined whether this relationship is consistent across developmental time periods (i.e., mid-to-late adolescence). The present study examined whether changes in perceptions of peer's TDV predicted change in one's own perpetration of TDV in a sample of ethnically diverse adolescents from ages 15 to 18 (N = 1,042). Parallel process modeling demonstrated that decreases in perceptions of peer's TDV predicted decreases in TDV perpetration over time, and this relationship was more pronounced for males than females. These findings lend further support to the need for TDV prevention and intervention programs to include peer influence in their programs.
- Published
- 2017
49. Hopelessness
- Author
-
Joseph R. Cohen, Chinmayi Tengsche, Dana M. Sheshko, Raymond C. K. Chan, Benjamin L. Hankin, and John R. Z. Abela
- Subjects
050103 clinical psychology ,05 social sciences ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Published
- 2017
50. Self-Perceived Competence in Mainland China: A Multiwave Longitudinal Examination of Internalizing Symptoms in Chinese Adolescents
- Author
-
John R. Z. Abela, Dana M. Sheshko, Amy Hansford, Xiongzhao Zhu, Joseph R. Cohen, Shuqiao Yao, Jami F. Young, and Alyssa M. Ames
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,Mainland China ,Stressor ,Poison control ,Suicide prevention ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Injury prevention ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Anxiety ,Social competence ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Competence (human resources) ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
The present 9-wave, 2-year study examined whether Cole's (1991) theory of self-perceived competence could help explain vulnerability to depressive and anxiety symptoms in a sample of adolescents from mainland China. Participants included 624 adolescents (319 females and 305 males) from an urban school in Changsha (n = 308) and from a rural school in Liuyang (n = 316). FINDINGS showed that self-perceived academic competence was negatively associated with prospective depressive and anxiety symptoms. Meanwhile, adolescents with low levels of self-perceived social competence were at heightened risk for depressive symptoms during times of increased stressors (supporting a vulnerability-stress model). These findings advance past research by highlighting new developmental pathways for depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese adolescents. Language: en
- Published
- 2014
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