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It is anticipated that energy storage will play a significant role as increasing numbers of high-power and highly dynamic mission loads are introduced to shipboard systems. The energy magazine (EM) has been proposed as a potential solution for integration of these types of loads, by providing energy storage for buffering dynamics, supplying high power demand over short duration, and providing uninterruptible power system capability. However, the EM also potentially offers the capability to temporarily curtail its power demand, while still serving its loads. In this paper, a rudimentary scheme is described for management of energy resources during periods of power-constrained operation. This approach apportions available power to EMs (or other curtailable loads) based on priority, where the priority of curtailed EMs generally increases over time. Incorporating weights to allow placing higher importance on some EMs and loads, this approach attempts to judiciously allocate scarce power resources, while maintaining service to loads. Simulation results illustrating the approach are also presented.

Highly dynamic, high-power loads are anticipated to be introduced into existing and future surface combatants, aided by the simultaneous introduction of energy storage. As many of these loads may require dc power, it is expected that dc distribution systems may also be introduced to some extent. Deployment of these systems will also require suitable circuit protection to be employed, whether using circuit breakers or a breakerless approach leveraging the capabilities of the power electronic sources. This paper describes a 1 kV dc testbed incorporating many of these paradigms intended to examine and demonstrate concepts related to the design and protection of dc distribution systems for shipboard applications.

Energy storage is anticipated to play an important role on future surface combatants as specialized weapons and sensors systems are introduced, which may require high power and fast ramp rates over short periods of time. The energy magazine (EM) concept has been proposed as one approach for incorporating these types of systems into future, as well as existing, platforms. The EM is envisioned as a power converter with inherent energy storage capability, providing buffering between connected loads and the shipboard power generation system. This paper presents results from power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) simulation experiments in which an actual flywheel energy storage system (FESS) is tested as part of an emulated energy magazine, supplying a pulsating load.

Through many a technical society paper and/or presentation, such as this, future high-power mission loads such as Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System, Electromagnetic Rail Gun, and Free Electron Laser that will provide capabilities far greater than can be achieved by existing platforms, have been presented. With these high-power and energy mission loads comes the need for next-generation integrated power systems possessing higher voltage distribution systems (AC or DC), compact/ power-dense conversion modules, high-speed power-dense power generation modules, energy storage modules, and appropriate supervisory and machinery controls to provide and partition the available power and energy to the right load, with the right power and at the right time. This remains the vision for the "Navy after Next" all-electric warship (AEW). However, "Navy Now" and "Next Navy" platforms have challenges and needs that ongoing investments and advanced developments in power and energy technologies can help to meet. Such challenges include reduced dependency on foreign-supplied fossil fuel, increasing demand for installed ship power, controlling ship procurement and life-cycle costs. This paper will present planned and ongoing efforts that can be aligned to meet these nearer term ship challenges, and at the same time, with an eye on the future power and energy requirements when they materialize, be refocused to enable and support the high-power and energy demands of the AEW.

Open system interfaces for high power electronics equipment used in zonal electrical distribution systems rated above 100 kW are identified in this standard. The required power, monitoring, information exchange, control, and protection interfaces are based on technological maturity, accepted practices, and allowances for future technology insertions. Also, rigorous assessment mechanisms, interface control management, and proactive conformance testing that shall be used to verify and validate open systems to enable plug-and-play operability independently of the components’ origin are defined. Airports, hospitals, major data processing centers especially those using uninterruptible power supply), broadcast systems, and maritime vessels and platforms are pplications covered by this standard. Existing terrestrial utility power systems that do not yet contain the electronic power interfaces and high-speed communication networks that are essential to use this standard shall be upgraded by its application.