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1. Prevalence of canine babesiosis and their risk factors among asymptomatic dogs in the federal capital territory, Abuja, Nigeria

Author

Sylvester S. Obeta, Bashiru Ibrahim, Idris A. Lawal, Joseph A. Natala, Ndudim I. Ogo, and Emmanuel O. Balogun

Subjects
Prevalence, Babesia infection, Dog, Risk factors, FCT-Nigeria, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Babesia sp. are intracellular parasitic organisms that affects mainly the red blood cells of most mammals, causing the disease known as babesiosis, and transmitted by ticks. Babesisosis is potentially fatal and a major disease of dogs in Nigeria. Therefore, active and routine surveillance is recommended. In this study, the infection was investigated among apparently healthy domestic dogs in six Area Councils of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja, Nigeria with the aim of determining the prevalence of the infection and the associated risk factors. Blood samples were collected from dogs (n = 480) at randomly selected households, from September 2015 to August 2016. Data regarding sampling location, sex, age, breed, use, presence or absence of ticks were recorded. Blood smears were prepared, stained with Geimsa stain, and examined under light microscope for Babesia sp. The results showed an overall prevalence of 10.8% Babesia canis infection. The prevalence among dogs examined in the six Area Councils were 6.3%, 12.5%, 10.0%, 12.5%, 11.3%, and 12.5 % for Abaji, AMAC, Bwari, Gwagwalada, Kuje and Kwali Area Council, respectively. The prevalence was highest (12.5%) among dogs from Kwali, AMAC and Gwagwalada, and lowest 5 (6.3%) among dogs from Abaji. Of the infected dogs, 13.7% were females and 8.3%, males. Dogs between 12 60 months of age had the lowest (4.5%). Based on breed, the infection was more prevalent among exotic dogs (12.9%) than cross breeds (9.4%). While none of pet dogs were positive for Babesia canis, prevalence of 11.1% and 11.3% were recorded for guard and hunting dogs, respectively. Tick infestation was recorded for 254 dogs of which 17.3% had Babesia canis while only 3.5% of 226 non-infested dogs were Babesia positive. Babesia infection during the rainy season was 14.6% while 3.5% of dogs were positive during dry season. The data on monthly prevalence showed that August and September had the highest (13.5%) prevalence while January and February had the lowest (2.0%). We conclude that the canine babesiosis in the FCT was significantly dependent on age, use of dogs, tick infestation, and season. Therefore, priorities should be given to these factors while instituting control measures against the infection.

Published
2020
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2. Comparative effect of dietary supplements on the performance and severity of experimental Eimeria tenella infection in broiler chickens

Author

Matthew Ogwiji, Isa Danladi Jatau, Joseph Audu Natala, Dahiru Sani, Buhari Habibu, Aliyu Danlami Andamin, Stephen Kyari, and Khadijat Abidemi Gasaliyu

Subjects
Prebiotics, Food Animals, Dietary Supplements, Oocysts, Animals, Animal Science and Zoology, Eimeria, Chickens, Eimeria tenella, Poultry Diseases
Abstract

The effect of the dietary supplements, sugarcane molasses (prebiotic), Antox® (probiotic) and Enflorax® (synbiotic), on gut health, performance and severity of infection with Eimeria tenella in broiler chickens was evaluated in this study. Ninety-day-old broiler chicks were divided into six groups (A, B, C, D, E and F). Groups B to F were challenged with Eimeria tenella (2.0 × 10

Published
2021

3. Phenotypic and Genotypic Identification of Ticks infesting dogs (Canis familiaris) in Abuja, Guinea Savannah region of Nigeria

Author

Joseph A. Natala, Cornelius O. Jegede, Idris I. Lawal, S. S. Obeta, Anthony C. Mgbeahuruike, Isaac N. Ogo, Emmanuel Oluwadare Balogun, and Maxwell N. Opara

Subjects
Tick infestation, Veterinary medicine, Phylogenetic tree, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Amblyomma, General Medicine, Biology, Tick, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, law.invention, Rhipicephalus, Canis, law, parasitic diseases, medicine, Polymerase chain reaction
Abstract

Hard ticks are not only haematophagus ectoparasites of vertebrates, but vectors of several micro-organisms that cause severe diseases around the world. In Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Nigeria, tick infestation is major setback to improvement of livestock and companion animals due to misdiagnoses. The combination of morphological and molecular approach have been documented as a reliable and most appropriate procedure for accurate identification of tick species. Therefore, this study aimed to identify ticks that infest dogs across the six Area Councils of Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja-Nigeria. Ticks (n=2041) were collected from dogs sampled (n=480) for a period of one year and identified morphologically. Genomic DNA was extracted from representative identified tick specimen (n=30) and were amplified in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using genus specific primers targeting 18S rRNA gene. The products were electrophoresed on 1.5% agarose gel, purified and sequenced bidirectionally. The nucleotide sequences were analysed in BLASTn in NCBI data base. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using Neighbour-Joining Algorithms. The identification by morphology showed that ticks were belonging to 2 Genera: Rhipicephalus and Amblyomma. The most abundant species was Rhipicephalus (99.9%), and then Amblyomma (0.1%). DNA amplification showed bands size of 173 bp and the BLASTn search analysis revealed 99-100% identity with R. sanguineus in the GenBank. The phylogenetic analysis showed that strains of the R. sanguineus were similar to those previously reported in Israel and Cuba. In conclusion, Rhipicephalus sanguineus was the most abundant tick found among dogs screened in Abuja, Nigeria, irrespective of their use. This is the first molecular identification of dog ticks in the FCT and may have epidemiological significance in the control of ticks and tick-borne disease in the region.

Published
2021

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