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3. How do classroom-turnover times depend on lecture-hall size?

Author

Joseph Benson, Mariya Bessonov, Korana Burke, Simone Cassani, Maria-Veronica Ciocanel, Daniel B. Cooney, and Alexandria Volkening

Subjects
pedestrian dynamics, complex social systems, agent-based modeling, social force, classroom, lecture-hall size, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Mathematics, QA1-939
Abstract

Academic spaces in colleges and universities span classrooms for $ 10 $ students to lecture halls that hold over $ 600 $ people. During the break between consecutive classes, students from the first class must leave and the new class must find their desks, regardless of whether the room holds $ 10 $ or $ 600 $ people. Here we address the question of how the size of large lecture halls affects classroom-turnover times, focusing on non-emergency settings. By adapting the established social-force model, we treat students as individuals who interact and move through classrooms to reach their destinations. We find that social interactions and the separation time between consecutive classes strongly influence how long it takes entering students to reach their desks, and that these effects are more pronounced in larger lecture halls. While the median time that individual students must travel increases with decreased separation time, we find that shorter separation times lead to shorter classroom-turnover times overall. This suggests that the effects of scheduling gaps and lecture-hall size on classroom dynamics depends on the perspective—individual student or whole class—that one chooses to take.

Published
2023
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9. Carbodicarbenes and Striking Redox Transitions of their Conjugate Acids: Influence of NHC versus CAAC as Donor Substituents

Author

Dolai, Ramapada, primary, Kumar, Rahul, additional, Elvers, Benedict J., additional, Pal, Pradeep Kumar, additional, Joseph, Benson, additional, Sikari, Rina, additional, Nayak, Mithilesh Kumar, additional, Maiti, Avijit, additional, Singh, Tejender, additional, Chrysochos, Nicolas, additional, Jayaraman, Arumugam, additional, Krummenacher, Ivo, additional, Mondal, Jagannath, additional, Priyakumar, U. Deva, additional, Braunschweig, Holger, additional, Yildiz, Cem B., additional, Schulzke, Carola, additional, and Jana, Anukul, additional

Published
2022
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11. National Health Care Spending In 2021: Decline In Federal Spending Outweighs Greater Use Of Health Care

Author

Anne B, Martin, Micah, Hartman, Joseph, Benson, Aaron, Catlin, and The National Health Expenditure Accounts Team

Abstract

Health care spending in the US grew 2.7 percent to reach $4.3 trillion in 2021, a much slower rate than the increase of 10.3 percent seen in 2020. The slower rate of growth in 2021 was driven by a 3.5 percent decline in federal government expenditures for health care after a spike in 2020 that occurred largely in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Alongside this decline, the use of medical goods and services increased in 2021. The share of the economy accounted for by the health sector fell from 19.7 percent in 2020 to 18.3 percent in 2021, but it was still higher than the 17.6 percent share in 2019. In 2021 the number of uninsured people declined for the second consecutive year as Medicaid enrollment increased.

Published
2022

12. The significant impact of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on in-hospital mortality of elderly patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: A retrospective observational study

Author

Minoo Arjmand, Zahra Amini, Alireza Abdi, Ehsan Alimohammadi, Michael T. Lawton, Joseph Benson, Sonia V. Eden, Seyed Reza Bagheri, and Negin Naghdi

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, Traumatic brain injury, Population, Disease, Article, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, Brain Injuries, Traumatic, medicine, Humans, Glasgow Coma Scale, Hospital Mortality, education, Aged, Retrospective Studies, education.field_of_study, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Mortality rate, Anticoagulant, COVID-19, Retrospective cohort study, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Elderly patients, In-hospital mortality, Neurology, Cohort, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), business
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the main causes of death and disability among the elderly patient population. This study aimed to assess the predictors of in-hospital mortality of elderly patients with moderate to severe TBI who presented during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS: In this retrospective analytical study, all elderly patients with moderate to severe TBI who were referred to our center between March 2nd, 2020 to August 1st, 2020 were investigated and compared against the TBI patients receiving treatment during the same time period within the year 2019. Patients were followed until discharge from the hospital or death. The demographic, clinical, radiological, and laboratory test data were evaluated. Data were analyzed using SPSS-21 software. FINDINGS: In this study, 359 elderly patients were evaluated (n = 162, Post-COVID-19). Fifty-four patients of the cohort had COVID-19 disease with a mortality rate was 33.3%. The patients with COVID-19 were 5.45 times more likely to expire before discharge (P

Published
2021

14. Carbodicarbenes and Striking Redox Transitions of their Conjugate Acids: Influence of NHC versus CAAC as Donor Substituents.

Author

Dolai, Ramapada, Kumar, Rahul, Elvers, Benedict J., Pal, Pradeep Kumar, Joseph, Benson, Sikari, Rina, Nayak, Mithilesh Kumar, Maiti, Avijit, Singh, Tejender, Chrysochos, Nicolas, Jayaraman, Arumugam, Krummenacher, Ivo, Mondal, Jagannath, Priyakumar, U. Deva, Braunschweig, Holger, Yildiz, Cem B., Schulzke, Carola, and Jana, Anukul

Subjects
MOLECULAR structure, ELECTRON donors, CARBON-carbon bonds, OXIDATION-reduction reaction, ELECTRON paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, ORGANIC semiconductors
Abstract

Herein, a new type of carbodicarbene (CDC) comprising two different classes of carbenes is reported; NHC and CAAC as donor substituents and compare the molecular structure and coordination to Au(I)Cl to those of NHC‐only and CAAC‐only analogues. The conjugate acids of these three CDCs exhibit notable redox properties. Their reactions with [NO][SbF6] were investigated. The reduction of the conjugate acid of CAAC‐only based CDC with KC8 results in the formation of hydrogen abstracted/eliminated products, which proceed through a neutral radical intermediate, detected by EPR spectroscopy. In contrast, the reduction of conjugate acids of NHC‐only and NHC/CAAC based CDCs led to intermolecular reductive (reversible) carbon–carbon sigma bond formation. The resulting relatively elongated carbon–carbon sigma bonds were found to be readily oxidized. They were, thus, demonstrated to be potent reducing agents, underlining their potential utility as organic electron donors and n‐dopants in organic semiconductor molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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15. National Health Care Spending In 2018: Growth Driven By Accelerations In Medicare And Private Insurance Spending

Author

Anne B. Martin, Micah Hartman, Aaron Catlin, and Joseph Benson

Subjects
National health, Labour economics, business.industry, 030503 health policy & services, Health Policy, media_common.quotation_subject, Payment, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Health care, 030212 general & internal medicine, Business, Private insurance, 0305 other medical science, Medicaid, Health policy, media_common
Abstract

US health care spending increased 4.6 percent to reach $3.6 trillion in 2018, a faster growth rate than the rate of 4.2 percent in 2017 but the same rate as in 2016. The share of the economy devote...

Published
2020

16. Planar triple-decker and capped octahedral clusters of group-6 transition metals

Author

Joseph, Benson, Prakash, Rini, Dorcet, Vincent, Roisnel, Thierry, Halet, Jean-François, Ghosh, Sundargopal, Groizard, Thomas, Kahlal, Samia, Ladjarafi, Abdelkader, Meghezzi, Hacène, Haridas, Anagha, Bakthavachalam, K., Pathak, Kriti, Nandi, Chandan, Bag, Ranjit, Gayen, Sourav, Mohapatra, Stutee, Antharjanam, P.K. Sudhadevi, Laboratory for Innovative Key Materials and Structures (LINK), and SAINT-GOBAIN-National Institute of Materials Science-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Octahedral cluster, 010405 organic chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Thermal decomposition, chemistry.chemical_element, Tungsten, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, Inorganic Chemistry, Crystallography, chemistry, Octahedron, Transition metal, Molybdenum, Materials Chemistry, Cluster (physics), [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Bimetallic strip, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; Synthesis, isolation, and structural characterization of unique metal rich diamagnetic cobaltaborane clusters are reported. They were obtained from reactions of monoborane as well as modified borohydride reagents with cobalt sources. For example, the reaction of [Cp*CoCl]2 with [LiBH4·THF] and subsequent photolysis with excess [BH3·THF] (THF = tetrahydrofuran) at room temperature afforded the 11-vertex tricobaltaborane nido-[(Cp*Co)3B8H10] (1, Cp* = η5-C5Me5). The reaction of Li[BH2S3] with the dicobaltaoctaborane(12) [(Cp*Co)2B6H10] yielded the 10-vertex nido-2,4-[(Cp*Co)2B8H12] cluster (2), extending the library of dicobaltadecaborane(14) analogues. Although cluster 1 adopts a classical 11-vertex-nido-geometry with one cobalt center and four boron atoms forming the open pentagonal face, it disobeys the Polyhedral Skeletal Electron Pair Theory (PSEPT). Compound 2 adopts a perfectly symmetrical 10-vertex-nido framework with a plane of symmetry bisecting the basal boron plane resulting in two {CoB3} units bridged at the base by two boron atoms and possesses the expected electron count. Both compounds were characterized in solution by multinuclear NMR and IR spectroscopies and by mass spectrometry. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses confirmed the structures of the compounds. Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed in order to study and interpret the nature of bonding and electronic structures of these complexes.

Published
2021

19. A global metagenomic map of urban microbiomes and antimicrobial resistance

Author

Nadine Farhat, Tomoki Takeda, Astred Castro, Ken McGrath, Khaliun Sanchir, Iman Hajirasouliha, Eunice So, Laraib Zafar, Diana N. Nunes, Harun Mustafa, Amy Zhang, Priscilla Lisboa, Christian Schori, Marisano James, Jasna Chalangal, Sebastien Halary, Shahryar Rana, Yunmi Lee, Oli Schacher, Liliana Godoy, David A. Coil, Phanthira Pugdeethosal, Michelle D. Williams, German Marchandon, Angela Cantillo, Naoya Takahashi, Christopher Mozsary, Juana Gonzalez, Patrick K. H. Lee, Gerardo de Lamotte, Alessandro Robertiello, Steven Du, Fabienne Velter, Stefan G. Stark, Miguel Carbajo, Vincent Matthys, David A. Westfall, Julia Boeri, Irène Mauricette Mendy, Jonathan Cedillo, Francesco Oteri, Robert W. Crawford, Takayuki Ito, Tina Wunderlin, Maureen Muscat, David Paez-Espino, Carmen Urgiles, Aida Nesimi, Steffen Schaaf, Adan Ramirez-Rojas, Kunihiko Miyake, Christopher E. Mason, Anais Cardenas, Sharah Islam, Diego Benítez, Melissa Pool Pizzi, Kianna Ciaramella, Ciro Borrelli, Riham Islam, Dorottya Nagy-Szakal, Abd-Manaaf Bakere, Ait-hamlat Adel, Olha Lakhneko, Badamnyambuu Iderzorig, Ana Valeria Castro, Adam Phillips, Robert A. Petit, Flavia Corsi, Romain Conte, Krista Ryon, Soojin Jang, Joseph Benson, Fernanda de Souza Gomes Kehdy, Cindy Wang, Nicole Mathews, Jenn-Wei Chen, Rachel Paras, Paulina Pastuszek, Abigail Lyons, Paul Roldán, Muntaha Munia, Pierre Nicolas, Cassie L. Ettinger, Kyrylo Pyrshev, Katterinne N. Mendez, Eduardo Castro-Nallar, Valeriia Dotsenko, Michelle Tuz, Krizzy Mallari, Eileen Png, Yuya Sonohara, Tanja Miketic, Stéphane Delmas, Shu Zhang, Masaki Sato, Yuanting Zheng, Jifeng Zhu, Roland Häusler, Lucie Bittner, Savlatjon Rahmatulloev, Jonathan Foox, Bruno D'Alessandro, Alketa Plaku, Faisal Alquaddoomi, Yang Zhang, Kern Rei Chng, Juliana Lago, Allaeddine Chettouh, Tamera Henry, Houtan Noushmehr, Tranette Gregory, Sara Abdul Majid, Frank J. Kelly, Benjamin Pulatov, Laurie Casalot, Takema Kajita, Lennard Epping, Thais Fernanda Bartelli, Eftar Moniruzzaman, Renee Vivancos-Koopman, Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan, Tracy W. Liu, Yelyzaveta Tymoshenko, Alma Plaku, Nika Gurianova, Ambar Mendez, Anna Tomaselli, Sonia Dorado, Donato Giovannelli, Hira Choudhry, Synti Ng, Sheelta S. Kumar, Jennifer Q. Lu, Weijun Liang, Ellen Koag, Dennis Gankin, Maria João Amorim, Gwenola Simon, Kiyoshi Suganuma, Mikhail Karasikov, Christos A. Ouzounis, Madelyn May, Eran Elhaik, Stephan Ossowski, Kevin Bolzli, Matthew Arthur, Yuya Oto, Jananan Pathmanathan, Salah Mahmoud, Kou Takahashi, Brunna Marques, Kelly French, Felipe Sepúlveda, Shusei Yoshikawa, Paulo Thiago de Souza Santos, Andrew N. Gray, Juliana S Bernardes, Felipe Segato, Björn Brindefalk, George C. Yeh, Jhovana L. Velasco Flores, Jill Sullivan, Silva Baburyan, Denisse Flores, Russell Y. Neches, Sabrina Persaud, Rasheena Wright, Takumi Togashi, Verónica Antelo, Nao Kato, Skye Felice, Tatjana Mustac, Daisy Donnellan, Katerine Carrillo, Anna Litskevitch, Catalina García, Sota Ito, Naya Eady, Andrew Wan, Irene Meng, Sophie Guasco, Danilo Ercolini, Francesca De Filippis, Vincent Lemaire, Luice Fan, Lothar H. Wieler, Mariia Rybak, Jorge Sanchez, Jonathan S. Gootenberg, Itsuki Tomita, Maritza S Mosella, Laura Garcia, Natalka Makogon, Daisy Cheung, Hitler Francois Vasquez Arevalo, Freddy Asenjo, Gabriela P. Branco, Erika Cifuentes, Chloé Dequeker, Aspassia D. Chatziefthimiou, Alexis Terrero, Roy Meoded, Isabelle de Oliveira Moraes, Shaleni K. Singh, Orgil-Erdene Molomjamts, Karishma Miah, Laurent David, Wolfgang Haehr, Dao Phuong Giang, Romain Lannes, Prashanthi Ratnanandan, Ryota Yamanaka, Riccardo Vicedomini, Sadaf Ayaz, Oluwatosin M. Osuolale, Laura E. Vann, Gregory Chem, Andrea Gonzalez, Aszia Burrell, Ariel Chernomoretz, Sakura Ishizuka, Michelle Rivera, Avigdor Nosrati, Michelle B. Chen, Juliette Auvinet, Nils Ordioni, Tomoro Warashina, Guillaume Blanc, Tomislav Ivankovic, Christina Black, Lauren E. Hittle, David Hess-Homeier, Michael Kozhar, Hamood Suliman, Karobi Moitra, Saher Rahiel, Spyridon Gkotzis, Jenny Arevalo, Shaikh B. Iqbal, Beth Mutai, Mohammed Mohsin, Scott Tighe, Sylvie Collin, Yoshitaka Saito, Wayne Menary, Youping Deng, Lucy Lee, Esmeralda Jiminez, Ayuki Watanabe, Nikos C. Kyrpides, Natasha Mohan, Angelika Pupiec, Dedan Githae, Simone Cawthorne, Jonathan A. Eisen, Tomoki Iwashiro, Chiaki Homma, Thomas Saw Aung, Laura Molina, Marcus H. Y. Leung, Ophélie Da Silva, Yan Ling Wong, Hosna Noorzi, Mario Moreno, Alina Butova, Leming Shi, Brian W. Wong, Sarah S. Jackson, Moses Lin, Annabelle Meagher, Pujita Das, Catherine Burke, Mitsuki Ota, Maria Domenica Moccia, Nicolas Sprinsky, Catherine E. Pugh, David C. Green, Fazlina Fauzi, Erdenetsetseg Batdelger, Annie Geiger, Valeria Ventorino, Tolulope Oluwadare, Delisia Cuebas, Catalina Truong, Leonardo Posada, Michael Angelov, Tathiane M. Malta, Amanda Ng, Francesca Nadalin, Arya Hawkins-Zafarnia, Yuh Shiwa, Athena Mitsios, Milton Ozório Moraes, Manolo Laiola, Kalyn Ali, Jaden J.A. Hastings, Ikuto Saito, Maheen Shakil, Chisato Suzuki, Elena M. Vayndorf, Hubert Rehrauer, Ajay Menon, Kaitlan Russell, Aliyah Shari, Rebecca Smith, Gregorio Iraola, Max Priestman, Alan Briones, Silver A. Wolf, Camila Gonzalez-Poblete, Eleonora De Lazzari, Shirley Chiu, Michelle Ki, Irene Hoxie, Marianne Jaubert, Ayantu Jinfessa, Ryan J. King, Nghiem Xuan Hoan, Jalia Bynoe, Jacob Friedman, Aneisa Ramcharan, Pablo Fresia, Cristina Muñoz, Muhammad Afaq, Anyi Tang, Médine Benchouaia, Isabella Kuniko T. Takenaka, Anastasia Chasapi, Areeg Naeem, Hannah Benisty, Cecilia N. Cossio, Nathalie Hüsser, Mahfuza Sabina, Thais S. Sabedot, JoAnn Jacobs, Camila P. E. de Souza, Manuela Oliveira, Jean-Pierre Bouly, Mariko Usui, Wilson Miranda, Natalia Marciniak, Hiram Caballero, Samuel Weekes, Alexandra B. Graf, Emily Leong, Tatyana Nikolayeva, Dominique Thomas, Charlotte Greselle, Cecilia Salazar, Sreya Ray Chaudhuri, Kevin Becher, Sandra Roth, Ryusei Miura, Kari Oline Bøifot, Dimitri Manoir, Oliver Toth, Chandrima Bhattacharya, Manuel Perez, Isha Lamba, Takafumi Tsurumaki, Timothy D. Read, Anna-Lena M. Schinke, Ryan Sankar, Le Huu Song, Narasimha Rao Nedunuri, Emmanuel Dias-Neto, Ana Flávia Costa, Adiell Melamed, Christelle Desnues, Natalie R. Davidson, Aaron E. Darling, Hyung Jun Kim, Josephine Galipon, Jacqueline Orrego, Dimitar Vassilev, Michael Huber, Nur Hazlin Hazrin-Chong, Gaston H. Gonnet, Kaymisha Knights, Osman U. Sezerman, Dmitry Meleshko, Eunice Thambiraja, Jingcheng Yang, Aubin Fleiss, Gloria Nguyen, Katelyn Jackson, Nuria Aventin, Stephanie L. Hyland, Andrea Hässig, Catharine Aquino, Simona Lysakova, Israel O. Osuolale, Kasia Sluzek, Rania Siam, Alina Frolova, Samuel Hernandez, Yui Him Lo, Bazartseren Boldgiv, Ben Young, Maryna Korshevniuk, Majelia Ampadu, Yuk Man Tang, Amanda L. Muehlbauer, Sade Thomas, Gabriel Figueroa, Alexis Rivera, Lisbeth Pineda, Alexandra Dutan, Jennifer M. Tran, Chris K. Deng, Vedbar S. Khadka, Paola Florez de Sessions, Elizabeth Humphries, Hugues Richard, Hiba Naveed, Nora C. Toussaint, Mahshid Khavari, Maria del Mar Vivanco Ruiz, Antonin Thiébaut, Nicolás Rascovan, Marius Dybwad, Orhan Özcan, Lawrence Kwong, David Danko, Shaira Khan, Andrea Tassinari, Silvia Beurmann, Tsoi Ying Lai, Nanami Kubota, Tieliu Shi, Diana Chicas, Evan E. Afshin, Hirokazu Yano, Jonas Krebs, Mayuko Nakagawa, Hyun Jung Lee, Irene González Navarrete, Rachid Ounit, Lucia E. Alvarado-Arnez, Masaki Nasu, Allison Chan, Harilanto Andrianjakarivony, Jennifer Amachee, Mahdi Taye, Wan Chiew Ng, Kathryn O’Brien, Shino Ishikawa, Tristan Bitard-Feildel, Sora Takagi, Felix Hartkopf, Niamh B. O’Hara, Marcos A. S. Fonseca, Subhamitra Pakrashi, Amrit Kaur, Eva Hell, Patricia Vera-Wolf, Naimah Munim, Luiza Ferreira de Araújo, Mizuki Igarashi, Brianna Pompa-Hogan, Alessandra Carbone, Anne-Sophie Benoiston, Eric Helfrich, Michael A. Suarez-Villamil, Omar O. Abudayyeh, Natasha Abdullah, Jaime J. Fuentes, Juan Carlos Forero, Tetiana Yeskova, Denis Bertrand, Sambhawa Priya, Denisse Maldonado, Agier Nicolas, Ana Valeria B Castro, Starr Chatziefthimiou, André Kahles, Aaishah Francis, Fernanda Arredondo, Emilio Tarcitano, Irvind Buttar, Alex Alexiev, Jennifer Molinet, Sarah Shalaby, Itunu A. Oluwadare, Jason Sperry, Katrin Bakhl, Ana M. Cañas, Sofia Ahsanuddin, Miar Elaskandrany, Elodie Laine, Sven Bönigk, Johannes Werner, Stephen Eduard Boja Ruiz, Gargi Dayama, Paulina Buczansla, Brandon Valentine, Bharath Prithiviraj, Toni Bode, Stas Zubenko, Jake Cohen, Guilllaume Jospin, Zulena Saravi, Per O. Ljungdahl, Inderjit Kaur, Mauricio Moldes, Giuseppe KoLoMonaco, Denise Syndercombe Court, Sonia Bouchard, Sonia Losim, Sookwon Moon, Heba Shaaban, Suraj Patel, Sibo Zhu, Sarh Aly, Arif Asyraf Md Supie, LaShonda Dorsey, Juan Guerra, François Baudon, Rantimi A. Olawoyin, Alexia Bordigoni, Iqra Faiz, Mathilde Garcia, Gabriella Mason-Buck, María Gabriela Portilla, Niranjan Nagarajan, Fumie Takahara, Nancy Merino, Watson Andrew, Gina Kim, Yuma Sato, Hyenah Shim, Marie-Laure Jerier, Affifah Saadah Ahmad Kassim, Katerina Kuchin, Daniel Butler, Paweł P. Łabaj, Nadezhda Kobko-Litskevitch, Emmanuel F. Mongodin, Yuto Togashi, Paula Rodríguez, Pilar Lopez Hernandez, Xiaoqing Chen, Maria A. Sierra, Olga Nikolayeva, Manon Loubens, Colleen Conger, Hikaru Shirahata, Chenhao Li, Timothy Donahoe, Youngja Park, Lucia Elena Alvarado Arnez, Salama Chaker, Francisco Chavez, Alessandra Breschi, Jorge L. Sanchez, Kaung Myat San, Nayra Aguilar Rojas, Marcos Abraao, Kai Sasaki, Bryan Nazario, Olena Yemets, Klas I. Udekwu, Lynn M. Schriml, Anisia Peters, Aliaksei Holik, Mark Hernandez, Emile Faure, Malay Bhattacharyya, Josef W. Moser, Núria Andreu Somavilla, María Mercedes Zambrano, Kannan Rajendran, Gabriela E. Albuquerque, Tao Qing, Kazutoshi Tsuda, Ymke De Jong, Princess Osma, Mayra Arauco Livia, Javier Quilez Oliete, Carl Chrispin, Hyun Woo Joo, Ingrid Lafontaine, Nala An, Seisuke Sato, Felipe Segato Dezem, Andrew Maltez Thomas, Alexandre Desert, Xiao Wen Cai, O. Osuolale, Jun Wu, Coral Pardo-Esté, Courtney Robinson, Yuri Matsuzaki, Marina Nieto-Caballero, Cem Meydan, Ralph Schlapbach, Mark Menor, Sofia Castro, Rachel Kwong, Brittany Blyther, Olexandr Lykhenko, Jason R. Schriml, Christian Brion, Jenessa Orpilla, Juan A. Ugalde, Elsy Mankah Ngwa, Álvaro Aranguren, Lauren Mak, Matías Giménez, Ashanti Narce, Torsten Semmler, Stefan I. Tsonev, Abdollahi Nika, Katherine E. Dahlhausen, Monika Devi, Gunnar Rätsch, Oasima Muner, Carla Bello, Muhammad Al-Fath Amran, Anyelic Rosario, Melissa Ortega, Andrea Patrignani, Ante Peros, Elias McComb, Ryo Sato, Ireen Alam, Clara N. Dias, Soma Tanaka, Dayana Calderon, Ran Blekhman, Mathilde Mignotte, Alicia Boyd, Jochen Hecht, Thomas Neff, Xinzhao Tong, Josue Alicea, Kiara Olmeda, Sonia Marinovic, Carme Arnan, Kohei Ito, Samantha L. Goldman, Marianna S. Serpa, Renee Richer, Kaisei Sato, Jordana M. Silva, Akash Keluth Chavan, Sangwan Kim, Laís Pereira Ferreira, Sophie Vacant, Nowshin Sayara, Haruo Suzuki, Madeline Leahy, Juan C. Severyn, Sierra Vincent, Masaru Tomita, Maliha Mamun, Lucinda B. Davenport, Gabriella Oken, Dagmara Lewandowska, Gustavo Adolfo Malca Salas, Andrii Kuklin, Tyler Wong, Charlie Feigin, Eric Minwei Liu, Sonia L. Ghose, Daniela Bezdan, Antonietta La Storia, Juan P. Escalera-Antezana, Nuno Rufino de Sousa, Samuel M. Gerner, Weill Cornell Medicine [New York], Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Centre for Genomic Regulation [Barcelona] (CRG), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF)-Centro Nacional de Analisis Genomico [Barcelona] (CNAG), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), AUTRES, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Indian Statistical Institute [Kolkata], University of Minnesota System, Universidad Andrés Bello [Santiago] (UNAB), California State University [Sacramento], University of Naples Federico II, University of Hawaii, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Medical Genomics Group, University College of London [London] (UCL)-UCL Cancer Institute, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI), Lund University [Lund], Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, University of Vienna [Vienna], King‘s College London, University of Colorado [Boulder], Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut Pasteur Korea - Institut Pasteur de Corée, Fudan University [Shanghai], City University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong] (CUHK), Stockholm University, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland System, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), University of São Paulo (USP), Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Elizade University, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Paléogénomique microbienne - Microbial paleogenomics, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU), Robert Koch Institute [Berlin] (RKI), East China Normal University [Shangaï] (ECNU), Cairo University, Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Keio University, Université du Vermont, Universidad del Desarrollo, University of Sofia, University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Universitätsklinikum Tübingen - University Hospital of Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Corporación Corpogen-Research Center, Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative = Laboratory of Computational and Quantitative Biology (LCQB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Weill Cornell Medicine [Cornell University], Cornell University [New York], University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Софийски университет = Sofia University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Andrés Bello - UNAB (CHILE), Acibadem University Dspace, Danko, D., Bezdan, D., Afshin, E. E., Ahsanuddin, S., Bhattacharya, C., Butler, D. J., Chng, K. R., Donnellan, D., Hecht, J., Jackson, K., Kuchin, K., Karasikov, M., Lyons, A., Mak, L., Meleshko, D., Mustafa, H., Mutai, B., Neches, R. Y., Ng, A., Nikolayeva, O., Nikolayeva, T., Png, E., Ryon, K. A., Sanchez, J. L., Shaaban, H., Sierra, M. A., Thomas, D., Young, B., Abudayyeh, O. O., Alicea, J., Bhattacharyya, M., Blekhman, R., Castro-Nallar, E., Canas, A. M., Chatziefthimiou, A. D., Crawford, R. W., De Filippis, F., Deng, Y., Desnues, C., Dias-Neto, E., Dybwad, M., Elhaik, E., Ercolini, D., Frolova, A., Gankin, D., Gootenberg, J. S., Graf, A. B., Green, D. C., Hajirasouliha, I., Hastings, J. J. A., Hernandez, M., Iraola, G., Jang, S., Kahles, A., Kelly, F. J., Knights, K., Kyrpides, N. C., Labaj, P. P., Lee, P. K. H., Leung, M. H. Y., Ljungdahl, P. O., Mason-Buck, G., Mcgrath, K., Meydan, C., Mongodin, E. F., Moraes, M. O., Nagarajan, N., Nieto-Caballero, M., Noushmehr, H., Oliveira, M., Ossowski, S., Osuolale, O. O., Ozcan, O., Paez-Espino, D., Rascovan, N., Richard, H., Ratsch, G., Schriml, L. M., Semmler, T., Sezerman, O. U., Shi, L., Shi, T., Siam, R., Song, L. H., Suzuki, H., Court, D. S., Tighe, S. W., Tong, X., Udekwu, K. I., Ugalde, J. A., Valentine, B., Vassilev, D. I., Vayndorf, E. M., Velavan, T. P., Wu, J., Zambrano, M. M., Zhu, J., Zhu, S., Mason, C. E., Abdullah, N., Abraao, M., Adel, A. -H., Afaq, M., Al-Quaddoomi, F. S., Alam, I., Albuquerque, G. E., Alexiev, A., Ali, K., Alvarado-Arnez, L. E., Aly, S., Amachee, J., Amorim, M. G., Ampadu, M., Amran, M. A. -F., An, N., Andrew, W., Andrianjakarivony, H., Angelov, M., Antelo, V., Aquino, C., Aranguren, A., Araujo, L. F., Vasquez Arevalo, H. F., Arevalo, J., Arnan, C., Alvarado Arnez, L. E., Arredondo, F., Arthur, M., Asenjo, F., Aung, T. S., Auvinet, J., Aventin, N., Ayaz, S., Baburyan, S., Bakere, A. -M., Bakhl, K., Bartelli, T. F., Batdelger, E., Baudon, F., Becher, K., Bello, C., Benchouaia, M., Benisty, H., Benoiston, A. -S., Benson, J., Benitez, D., Bernardes, J., Bertrand, D., Beurmann, S., Bitard-Feildel, T., Bittner, L., Black, C., Blanc, G., Blyther, B., Bode, T., Boeri, J., Boldgiv, B., Bolzli, K., Bordigoni, A., Borrelli, C., Bouchard, S., Bouly, J. -P., Boyd, A., Branco, G. P., Breschi, A., Brindefalk, B., Brion, C., Briones, A., Buczansla, P., Burke, C. M., Burrell, A., Butova, A., Buttar, I., Bynoe, J., Bonigk, S., Boifot, K. O., Caballero, H., Cai, X. W., Calderon, D., Cantillo, A., Carbajo, M., Carbone, A., Cardenas, A., Carrillo, K., Casalot, L., Castro, S., Castro, A. V., Castro, A., Castro, A. V. B., Cawthorne, S., Cedillo, J., Chaker, S., Chalangal, J., Chan, A., Chasapi, A. I., Chatziefthimiou, S., Chaudhuri, S. R., Chavan, A. K., Chavez, F., Chem, G., Chen, X., Chen, M., Chen, J. -W., Chernomoretz, A., Chettouh, A., Cheung, D., Chicas, D., Chiu, S., Choudhry, H., Chrispin, C., Ciaramella, K., Cifuentes, E., Cohen, J., Coil, D. A., Collin, S., Conger, C., Conte, R., Corsi, F., Cossio, C. N., Costa, A. F., Cuebas, D., D'Alessandro, B., Dahlhausen, K. E., Darling, A. E., Das, P., Davenport, L. B., David, L., Davidson, N. R., Dayama, G., Delmas, S., Deng, C. K., Dequeker, C., Desert, A., Devi, M., Dezem, F. S., Dias, C. N., Donahoe, T. R., Dorado, S., Dorsey, L., Dotsenko, V., Du, S., Dutan, A., Eady, N., Eisen, J. A., Elaskandrany, M., Epping, L., Escalera-Antezana, J. P., Ettinger, C. L., Faiz, I., Fan, L., Farhat, N., Faure, E., Fauzi, F., Feigin, C., Felice, S., Ferreira, L. P., Figueroa, G., Fleiss, A., Flores, D., Velasco Flores, J. L., Fonseca, M. A. S., Foox, J., Forero, J. C., Francis, A., French, K., Fresia, P., Friedman, J., Fuentes, J. J., Galipon, J., Garcia, M., Garcia, L., Garcia, C., Geiger, A., Gerner, S. M., Ghose, S. L., Giang, D. P., Gimenez, M., Giovannelli, D., Githae, D., Gkotzis, S., Godoy, L., Goldman, S., Gonnet, G. H., Gonzalez, J., Gonzalez, A., Gonzalez-Poblete, C., Gray, A., Gregory, T., Greselle, C., Guasco, S., Guerra, J., Gurianova, N., Haehr, W., Halary, S., Hartkopf, F., Hawkins-Zafarnia, A., Hazrin-Chong, N. H., Helfrich, E., Hell, E., Henry, T., Hernandez, S., Hernandez, P. L., Hess-Homeier, D., Hittle, L. E., Hoan, N. X., Holik, A., Homma, C., Hoxie, I., Huber, M., Humphries, E., Hyland, S., Hassig, A., Hausler, R., Husser, N., Petit, R. A., Iderzorig, B., Igarashi, M., Iqbal, S. B., Ishikawa, S., Ishizuka, S., Islam, S., Islam, R., Ito, K., Ito, S., Ito, T., Ivankovic, T., Iwashiro, T., Jackson, S., Jacobs, J., James, M., Jaubert, M., Jerier, M. -L., Jiminez, E., Jinfessa, A., De Jong, Y., Joo, H. W., Jospin, G., Kajita, T., Ahmad Kassim, A. S., Kato, N., Kaur, A., Kaur, I., de Souza Gomes Kehdy, F., Khadka, V. S., Khan, S., Khavari, M., Ki, M., Kim, G., Kim, H. J., Kim, S., King, R. J., Kolomonaco, G., Koag, E., Kobko-Litskevitch, N., Korshevniuk, M., Kozhar, M., Krebs, J., Kubota, N., Kuklin, A., Kumar, S. S., Kwong, R., Kwong, L., Lafontaine, I., Lago, J., Lai, T. Y., Laine, E., Laiola, M., Lakhneko, O., Lamba, I., de Lamotte, G., Lannes, R., De Lazzari, E., Leahy, M., Lee, H., Lee, Y., Lee, L., Lemaire, V., Leong, E., Lewandowska, D., Li, C., Liang, W., Lin, M., Lisboa, P., Litskevitch, A., Liu, E. M., Liu, T., Livia, M. A., Lo, Y. H., Losim, S., Loubens, M., Lu, J., Lykhenko, O., Lysakova, S., Mahmoud, S., Majid, S. A., Makogon, N., Maldonado, D., Mallari, K., Malta, T. M., Mamun, M., Manoir, D., Marchandon, G., Marciniak, N., Marinovic, S., Marques, B., Mathews, N., Matsuzaki, Y., Matthys, V., May, M., Mccomb, E., Meagher, A., Melamed, A., Menary, W., Mendez, K. N., Mendez, A., Mendy, I. M., Meng, I., Menon, A., Menor, M., Meoded, R., Merino, N., Miah, K., Mignotte, M., Miketic, T., Miranda, W., Mitsios, A., Miura, R., Miyake, K., Moccia, M. D., Mohan, N., Mohsin, M., Moitra, K., Moldes, M., Molina, L., Molinet, J., Molomjamts, O. -E., Moniruzzaman, E., Moon, S., de Oliveira Moraes, I., Moreno, M., Mosella, M. S., Moser, J. W., Mozsary, C., Muehlbauer, A. L., Muner, O., Munia, M., Munim, N., Muscat, M., Mustac, T., Munoz, C., Nadalin, F., Naeem, A., Nagy-Szakal, D., Nakagawa, M., Narce, A., Nasu, M., Navarrete, I. G., Naveed, H., Nazario, B., Nedunuri, N. R., Neff, T., Nesimi, A., Ng, W. C., Ng, S., Nguyen, G., Ngwa, E., Nicolas, A., Nicolas, P., Nika, A., Noorzi, H., Nosrati, A., Nunes, D. N., O'Brien, K., O'Hara, N. B., Oken, G., Olawoyin, R. A., Oliete, J. Q., Olmeda, K., Oluwadare, T., Oluwadare, I. A., Ordioni, N., Orpilla, J., Orrego, J., Ortega, M., Osma, P., Osuolale, I. O., Osuolale, O. M., Ota, M., Oteri, F., Oto, Y., Ounit, R., Ouzounis, C. A., Pakrashi, S., Paras, R., Pardo-Este, C., Park, Y. -J., Pastuszek, P., Patel, S., Pathmanathan, J., Patrignani, A., Perez, M., Peros, A., Persaud, S., Peters, A., Phillips, A., Pineda, L., Pizzi, M. P., Plaku, A., Pompa-Hogan, B., Portilla, M. G., Posada, L., Priestman, M., Prithiviraj, B., Priya, S., Pugdeethosal, P., Pugh, C. E., Pulatov, B., Pupiec, A., Pyrshev, K., Qing, T., Rahiel, S., Rahmatulloev, S., Rajendran, K., Ramcharan, A., Ramirez-Rojas, A., Rana, S., Ratnanandan, P., Read, T. D., Rehrauer, H., Richer, R., Rivera, A., Rivera, M., Robertiello, A., Robinson, C., Rodriguez, P., Rojas, N. A., Roldan, P., Rosario, A., Roth, S., Ruiz, M., Boja Ruiz, S. E., Russell, K., Rybak, M., Sabedot, T. S., Sabina, M., Saito, I., Saito, Y., Malca Salas, G. A., Salazar, C., San, K. M., Sanchez, J., Sanchir, K., Sankar, R., de Souza Santos, P. T., Saravi, Z., Sasaki, K., Sato, Y., Sato, M., Sato, S., Sato, R., Sato, K., Sayara, N., Schaaf, S., Schacher, O., Schinke, A. -L. M., Schlapbach, R., Schori, C., Schriml, J. R., Segato, F., Sepulveda, F., Serpa, M. S., De Sessions, P. F., Severyn, J. C., Shakil, M., Shalaby, S., Shari, A., Shim, H., Shirahata, H., Shiwa, Y., Da Silva, O., Silva, J. M., Simon, G., Singh, S. K., Sluzek, K., Smith, R., So, E., Andreu Somavilla, N., Sonohara, Y., Rufino de Sousa, N., Souza, C., Sperry, J., Sprinsky, N., Stark, S. G., La Storia, A., Suganuma, K., Suliman, H., Sullivan, J., Supie, A. A. M., Suzuki, C., Takagi, S., Takahara, F., Takahashi, N., Takahashi, K., Takeda, T., Takenaka, I. K., Tanaka, S., Tang, A., Man Tang, Y., Tarcitano, E., Tassinari, A., Taye, M., Terrero, A., Thambiraja, E., Thiebaut, A., Thomas, S., Thomas, A. M., Togashi, Y., Togashi, T., Tomaselli, A., Tomita, M., Tomita, I., Toth, O., Toussaint, N. C., Tran, J. M., Truong, C., Tsonev, S. I., Tsuda, K., Tsurumaki, T., Tuz, M., Tymoshenko, Y., Urgiles, C., Usui, M., Vacant, S., Vann, L. E., Velter, F., Ventorino, V., Vera-Wolf, P., Vicedomini, R., Suarez-Villamil, M. A., Vincent, S., Vivancos-Koopman, R., Wan, A., Wang, C., Warashina, T., Watanabe, A., Weekes, S., Werner, J., Westfall, D., Wieler, L. H., Williams, M., Wolf, S. A., Wong, B., Wong, Y. L., Wong, T., Wright, R., Wunderlin, T., Yamanaka, R., Yang, J., Yano, H., Yeh, G. C., Yemets, O., Yeskova, T., Yoshikawa, S., Zafar, L., Zhang, Y., Zhang, S., Zhang, A., Zheng, Y., and Zubenko, S.

Subjects
Urban Population, Drug Resistance, Sequence assembly, Microbiologia, microbiome, global health, computer.software_genre, Medical and Health Sciences, shotgun sequencing, BGC, 0302 clinical medicine, Databases, Genetic, 11. Sustainability, Global health, AMR, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0303 health sciences, built environment, metagenome, antimicrobial resistance, NGS, de novo assembly, biology, Shotgun sequencing, Microbiota, built Environment, Bacterial, Biodiversity, Biological Sciences, 3. Good health, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Infection, Biotechnology, Geospatial analysis, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Databases, 03 medical and health sciences, Antibiotic resistance, Genetic, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, International MetaSUB Consortium, Genetics, Humans, Microbiome, 030304 developmental biology, Human Genome, 06 Biological Sciences, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Resistènica als medicaments antiinfecciosos, SAÚDE PÚBLICA, Genòmica, 13. Climate action, Evolutionary biology, Metagenomics, Antimicrobial Resistance, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, computer, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Archaea, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Summary We present a global atlas of 4,728 metagenomic samples from mass-transit systems in 60 cities over 3 years, representing the first systematic, worldwide catalog of the urban microbial ecosystem. This atlas provides an annotated, geospatial profile of microbial strains, functional characteristics, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) markers, and genetic elements, including 10,928 viruses, 1,302 bacteria, 2 archaea, and 838,532 CRISPR arrays not found in reference databases. We identified 4,246 known species of urban microorganisms and a consistent set of 31 species found in 97% of samples that were distinct from human commensal organisms. Profiles of AMR genes varied widely in type and density across cities. Cities showed distinct microbial taxonomic signatures that were driven by climate and geographic differences. These results constitute a high-resolution global metagenomic atlas that enables discovery of organisms and genes, highlights potential public health and forensic applications, and provides a culture-independent view of AMR burden in cities., Graphical abstract, Highlights • Cities possess a consistent “core” set of non-human microbes • Urban microbiomes echo important features of cities and city-life • Antimicrobial resistance genes are widespread in cities • Cities contain many novel bacterial and viral species, This systematic, worldwide catalog of urban microbiomes represents a metagenomic atlas important for understanding the ecology, virulence, and antibiotic resistance of city-specific microbial communities.

Published
2021

20. Invariant discrete flows

Author

Francis Valiquette and Joseph Benson

Subjects
Physics, Pure mathematics, Applied Mathematics, Invariant (mathematics)
Published
2019

22. Discrete Curve Flows in Two-Dimensional Cayley–Klein Geometries

Author

Joseph Benson and Francis Valiquette

Subjects
Physics, Pure mathematics, Flow (mathematics), Curvature invariant, Discrete curve, Plane (geometry), Equivariant map
Abstract

Using the method of equivariant moving frames, we study geometric flows of discrete curves in the nine Cayley–Klein planes. We show that, under a certain arc-length preserving flow, the curvature invariant κn evolves according to the differential-difference equation \(\frac {\partial \kappa _n}{\partial t} = (1+\epsilon \kappa _{n+1}^2)(\kappa _{n+1}-\kappa _{n-1})\), where the value of 𝜖 ∈{−1, 0, 1} is linked to the geometry of the Cayley–Klein plane.

Published
2020

23. Geometric curve flows in low dimensional Cayley–Klein geometries

Author

Francis Valiquette and Joseph Benson

Subjects
Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 0103 physical sciences, 010307 mathematical physics, 01 natural sciences
Abstract

Using the method of equivariant moving frames, we derive the evolution equations for the curvature invariants of arc-length parametrized curves under arc-length preserving geometric flows in two-, three- and four-dimensional Cayley–Klein geometries. In two and three dimensions, we obtain recursion operators, which show that the curvature evolution equations obtained are completely integrable.

Published
2020

24. National Health Care Spending In 2018: Growth Driven By Accelerations In Medicare And Private Insurance Spending

Author

Micah, Hartman, Anne B, Martin, Joseph, Benson, and Aaron, Catlin

Subjects
Insurance, Health, Gross Domestic Product, Humans, Private Sector, Health Expenditures, Medicare, Delivery of Health Care, United States
Abstract

US health care spending increased 4.6 percent to reach $3.6 trillion in 2018, a faster growth rate than the rate of 4.2 percent in 2017 but the same rate as in 2016. The share of the economy devoted to health care spending declined to 17.7 percent in 2018, compared to 17.9 percent in 2017. The 0.4-percentage-point acceleration in overall growth in 2018 was driven by faster growth in both private health insurance and Medicare, which were influenced by the reinstatement of the health insurance tax. For personal health care spending (which accounted for 84 percent of national health care spending), growth in 2018 remained unchanged from 2017 at 4.1 percent. The total number of uninsured people increased by 1.0 million for the second year in a row, to reach 30.7 million in 2018.

Published
2019

32. Chalcogen Stabilized bis‐Hydridoborate Complexes of Cobalt: Analogues of Tetracyclo[4.3.0.02,4.03,5]nonane.

Author

Joseph, Benson, Gomosta, Suman, Prakash, Rini, Roisnel, Thierry, Phukan, Ashwini K., and Ghosh, Sundargopal

Subjects
*CONDUCTION electrons, *BORON, *CHEMICAL yield, *ATOMS in molecules theory, *CYCLOPENTANE
Abstract

Treatment of Li[BH3ER] (E=Se or Te, R=Ph; E=S, R=CH2Ph) with [Cp*CoCl]2 led to the formation of hydridoborate complexes, [{CoCp*Ph}{Cp*Co}{μ‐EPh}{μ‐κ2‐E,H‐EBH3}], 1a and 1 b (1 a: E=Se; 1 b: E=Te) and a bis‐hydridoborate species [Cp*Co{μ‐κ2‐Se,H‐SeBH3}]2, 2. All the complexes, 1 a, 1 b and 2 are stabilized by β‐agostic type interaction in which 1 b represents a novel bimetallic borate complex with a rare B−Te bond. QTAIM analysis furnished direct proof for the existence of a shared and dative B‐chalcogen and Co‐chalcogen interactions, respectively. In parallel to the formation of the hydridoborate complexes, the reactions also yielded tetracyclic species, [Cp*Co{κ3‐E,H,H‐E(BH2)2‐C5Me5H3}], 3 a and 3 b (3 a: E=Se and 3 b: E=S), wherein the bridgehead boron atoms are surrounded by one chalcogen, one cobalt and two carbon atoms of a cyclopentane ring. Molecules 3 a and 3 b are best described as the structural mimic of tetracyclo[4.3.0.02,4.03,5]nonane having identical structure and similar valence electron counts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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34. Health Spending By State 1991-2014: Measuring Per Capita Spending By Payers And Programs

Author

Joseph Benson, Aaron Catlin, Mary Carol Barron, David Lassman, Anne B. Martin, Lekha Whittle, Andrea M. Sisko, Micah Hartman, and Gigi A. Cuckler

Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject, Medicare, Recession, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, State (polity), Health care, Per capita, Economics, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Baseline (configuration management), health care economics and organizations, media_common, Consumption (economics), Public economics, business.industry, Medicaid, 030503 health policy & services, Health Policy, Health Care Costs, United States, Economic Recession, Residence, Health Expenditures, 0305 other medical science, business, Delivery of Health Care
Abstract

As the US health sector evolves and changes, it is informative to estimate and analyze health spending trends at the state level. These estimates, which provide information about consumption of health care by residents of a state, serve as a baseline for state and national-level policy discussions. This study examines per capita health spending by state of residence and per enrollee spending for the three largest payers (Medicare, Medicaid, and private health insurance) through 2014. Moreover, it discusses in detail the impacts of the Affordable Care Act implementation and the most recent economic recession and recovery on health spending at the state level. According to this analysis, these factors affected overall annual growth in state health spending and the payers and programs that paid for that care. They did not, however, substantially change state rankings based on per capita spending levels over the period.

Published
2017

38. National Health Spending In 2014: Faster Growth Driven By Coverage Expansion And Prescription Drug Spending

Author

Anne B. Martin, Joseph Benson, Aaron Catlin, and Micah Hartman

Subjects
Male, Economic growth, Prescription drug, Prescription Drugs, Population, Medicare, Gross domestic product, Insurance Coverage, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Health care, Per capita, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Medicaid, 030503 health policy & services, Health Policy, Health Care Costs, Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services, Quality Improvement, United States, Health Care Reform, Demographic economics, Female, Health care reform, Health Expenditures, 0305 other medical science, business
Abstract

US health care spending increased 5.3 percent to $3.0 trillion in 2014. On a per capita basis, health spending was $9,523 in 2014, an increase of 4.5 percent from 2013. The share of gross domestic product devoted to health care spending was 17.5 percent, up from 17.3 percent in 2013. The faster growth in 2014 that followed five consecutive years of historically low growth was primarily due to the major coverage expansions under the Affordable Care Act, particularly for Medicaid and private health insurance, which contributed to an increase in the insured share of the population. Additionally, the introduction of new hepatitis C drugs contributed to rapid growth in retail prescription drug expenditures, which increased by 12.2 percent in 2014. Spending by the federal government grew at a faster rate in 2014 than spending by other sponsors of health care, leading to a 2-percentage-point increase in its share of total health care spending between 2013 and 2014.

Published
2015

39. Health Spending by State of Residence, 1991–2009

Author

Stephen Heffler, Dave Lassman, Joseph Benson, Lekha Whittle, Gigi A. Cuckler, Andrea M. Sisko, and Anne B. Martin

Subjects
Economic growth, media_common.quotation_subject, Medicare, Recession, Article, Drug Costs, State (polity), Health spending, Economics, Per capita, Humans, Hospital Costs, health care economics and organizations, media_common, Medicaid, Health Policy, Health Care Costs, social sciences, General Medicine, United States, Economic Recession, Unemployment, Residence, National average, Health Expenditures, State Government, Demography
Abstract

OBJECTIVE Provide a detailed discussion of baseline health spending by state of residence (per capita personal health care spending, per enrollee Medicare spending, and per enrollee Medicaid spending) in 2009, over the last decade (1998-2009), as well as the differential regional and state impacts of the recent recession. DATA SOURCE State Health Expenditures by State of Residence for 1991-2009, produced by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' Office of the Actuary. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In 2009, the 10 states where per capita spending was highest ranged from 13 to 36 percent higher than the national average, and the 10 states where per capita spending was lowest ranged from 8 to 26 percent below the national average. States with the highest per capita spending tended to have older populations and the highest per capita incomes; states with the lowest per capita spending tended to have younger populations, lower per capita incomes, and higher rates of uninsured. Over the last decade, the New England and Mideast regions exhibited the highest per capita personal health care spending, while states in the Southwest and Rocky Mountain regions had the lowest per capita spending. Variation in per enrollee Medicaid spending, however, has consistently been greater than that of total per capita personal health care spending or per enrollee Medicare spending from 1998-2009. The Great Lakes, New England, and Far West regions experienced the largest slowdown in per person health spending growth during the recent recession, largely as a result of higher unemployment rates.

Published
2011

41. Simple measures of climate, soil properties and plant traits predict national-scale grassland soil carbon stocks

Author

E. S. Pilgrim, Richard D. Bardgett, Kate A. Harrison, J. R. B. Tallowin, Simon R. Mortimer, Bill Shipley, Johannes H. C. Cornelissen, Joseph Benson, Roger Smith, Helen Quirk, Peter Manning, Gerhard Bönisch, Daniel G. Wright, Franciska T. de Vries, Christian Wirth, Jens Kattge, Systems Ecology, and Amsterdam Global Change Institute

Subjects
Specific leaf area, Ecology, Soil organic matter, Soil pH, Soil water, Environmental science, Growing season, Soil science, Soil carbon, Carbon sequestration, Soil fertility, Biodiversity conservation, complex mixtures
Abstract

Soil carbon (C) storage is a key ecosystem service. Soil C stocks play a vital role in soil fertility and climate regulation, but the factors that control these stocks at regional and national scales are unknown, particularly when their composition and stability are considered. As a result, their mapping relies on either unreliable proxy measures or laborious direct measurements. Using data from an extensive national survey of English grasslands, we show that surface soil (0-7cm) C stocks in size fractions of varying stability can be predicted at both regional and national scales from plant traits and simple measures of soil and climatic conditions. Soil C stocks in the largest pool, of intermediate particle size (50-250m), were best explained by mean annual temperature (MAT), soil pH and soil moisture content. The second largest C pool, highly stable physically and biochemically protected particles (045-50m), was explained by soil pH and the community abundance-weighted mean (CWM) leaf nitrogen (N) content, with the highest soil C stocks under N-rich vegetation. The C stock in the small active fraction (250-4000m) was explained by a wide range of variables: MAT, mean annual precipitation, mean growing season length, soil pH and CWM specific leaf area; stocks were higher under vegetation with thick and/or dense leaves. Testing the models describing these fractions against data from an independent English region indicated moderately strong correlation between predicted and actual values and no systematic bias, with the exception of the active fraction, for which predictions were inaccurate.Synthesis and applications. Validation indicates that readily available climate, soils and plant survey data can be effective in making local- to landscape-scale (1-100000km(2)) soil C stock predictions. Such predictions are a crucial component of effective management strategies to protect C stocks and enhance soil C sequestration. Validation indicates that readily available climate, soils and plant survey data can be effective in making local- to landscape-scale (1-100000km(2)) soil C stock predictions. Such predictions are a crucial component of effective management strategies to protect C stocks and enhance soil C sequestration.

Published
2015

44. Symmetry reduction of ordinary finite difference equations using moving frames

Author

Francis Valiquette and Joseph Benson

Subjects
Statistics and Probability, Recurrence relation, Computation, 010102 general mathematics, Mathematical analysis, Finite difference, General Physics and Astronomy, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Finite difference coefficient, 010103 numerical & computational mathematics, Finite difference equations, Symmetry reduction, 01 natural sciences, Canonical variable, Modeling and Simulation, Equivariant map, 0101 mathematics, Mathematical Physics, Mathematics
Abstract

The technique of equivariant moving frames is incorporated into the classical symmetry reduction method of ordinary finite difference equations. Using the recurrence relations for the finite difference invariants, computations are performed symbolically without relying on the coordinate expressions of the canonical variables and the difference invariants.

Published
2017

45. Exploring the experiences of violence among individuals who are homeless using a consumer-led approach

Author

Molly Meinbresse, Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein, Amy Grassette, Joseph Benson, Carol Hall, Reginald Hamilton, Marianne Malott, and Darlene Jenkins

Subjects
Adult, Male, Health (social science), Urban Population, Substance-Related Disorders, Vulnerability, Poison control, Violence, Suicide prevention, Occupational safety and health, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Interpersonal relationship, Young Adult, Risk Factors, mental disorders, Health care, Injury prevention, Prevalence, Medicine, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Sex Distribution, Crime Victims, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Human factors and ergonomics, social sciences, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, United States, Ill-Housed Persons, Female, Medical emergency, business, Law, Demography
Abstract

Homelessness increases vulnerability to violence victimization; however, the precise factors associated with victimization and injury are not clearly understood. Thus, this study explores the prevalence of and characteristics associated with violence victimization among homeless individuals by surveying approximately 500 individuals experiencing homelessness in 5 cities across the United States. Our findings reveal that nearly one-half of our sample reported experiencing violence and that prolonged duration of homelessness (greater than 2 years) and being older increased the risk of experiencing a violent attack. In addition, increased length of homelessness and female gender predicted experiencing rape. Women were also significantly more likely to know one’s perpetrator and experience continued suffering after a violent attack. We conclude that certain subpopulations within the homeless population are at an increased risk for victimization and, subsequently, require added protective services; implications for health care and policy recommendations are also discussed.

Published
2014

47. National health spending in 2011: overall growth remains low, but some payers and services show signs of acceleration

Author

Micah, Hartman, Anne B, Martin, Joseph, Benson, Aaron, Catlin, and Lekha, Whittle

Subjects
Prescription Drugs, Consumer spending, MEDLINE, Medicare, Drug Costs, Health spending, Development economics, Health care, Economics, Humans, National health, Health economics, Public economics, business.industry, Medicaid, Health Policy, Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Health Care Costs, Slow growth, Personal Health Services, United States, Health Benefit Plans, Employee, Insurance, Health, Reimbursement, Health Expenditures, business, Delivery of Health Care
Abstract

In 2011 US health care spending grew 3.9 percent to reach $2.7 trillion, marking the third consecutive year of relatively slow growth. Growth in national health spending closely tracked growth in nominal gross domestic product (GDP) in 2010 and 2011, and health spending as a share of GDP remained stable from 2009 through 2011, at 17.9 percent. Even as growth in spending at the national level has remained stable, personal health care spending growth accelerated in 2011 (from 3.7 percent to 4.1 percent), in part because of faster growth in spending for prescription drugs and physician and clinical services. There were also divergent trends in spending growth in 2011 depending on the payment source: Medicaid spending growth slowed, while growth in Medicare, private health insurance, and out-of-pocket spending accelerated. Overall, there was relatively slow growth in incomes, jobs, and GDP in 2011, which raises questions about whether US health care spending will rebound over the next few years as it typically has after past economic downturns.

Published
2013

48. Chemistry of Triple‐Decker Sandwich Complexes Containing Four‐Membered Open B2E2 Rings (E = S or Se).

Author

Joseph, Benson, Barik, Subrat Kumar, Ramalakshmi, Rongala, Kundu, Gargi, Roisnel, Thierry, Dorcet, Vincent, and Ghosh, Sundargopal

Subjects
*COMPLEX compounds, *BORANES, *CHEMICAL reactions, *THERMOLYSIS, *CHALCOGENS
Abstract

Building upon our earlier studies of cobaltaheteroboranes, we explore the chemistry with heavier group 9 metals. Reaction of [Cp*M(µ‐Cl)Clx]2 (Cp* = η5‐C5Me5; M = Co, x = 0; M = Rh or Ir, x = 1) with [LiBH4·THF], followed by thermolysis with an excess of chalcogen powders (S or Se), affords dimetallaheteroboranes nido‐[(Cp*M)2B2H2E2], 1–4 (1: E = S; 2: E = Se, M = Co; 3 and 4: E = Se, M = Rh and Ir, respectively) in moderate‐to‐good yields. The solid‐state structures of these compounds show open‐cage triple‐decker clusters. Attempts to isolate the Te analogue have failed; however, in the case of cobalt, we have isolated an 11 skeletal‐electron‐pair nido‐[(Cp*Co)2B5H5Te2], 5. The X‐ray diffraction structure of 5 shows monocapped square antiprismatic geometry, with two Te atoms in the core. To close the central four‐membered B2E2 open ring of nido‐1 and nido‐2, we have performed a reaction with [Ru3(CO)12], which leads to the formation of closo‐[(Cp*Co){µ‐η5:η5‐B2H2E2M}M{µ‐Ru(CO)4}], 6 and 7 [6: E = S; 7: E = Se; M = Ru(CO)2]. In contrast, the reactions of nido‐2 and nido‐3 with [Fe2(CO)9] result in heterometallic clusters nido‐[(Cp*M)Fe(CO)3B2H2Se2], 8 and 9 (8: M = Co; 9: M = Rh), [(Cp*Co)Fe3(CO)8Se2], 10, and [(Cp*Co)Fe2(CO)7Se], 11. As nido‐8 also contains a four‐membered open ring B2Se2, we have treated this with [Ru3(CO)12], which yields closo‐[(Cp*Co){µ‐η5:η5‐B2H2Se2M}M{µ‐Fe(CO)4}], 12 [M = Ru(CO)2], which is analogous to that of 7. In addition, we have analyzed the divergence in the reactivity of nido‐[(Cp*M)2B2H2E2], 2–4, with the help of density functional theory calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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49. Strong Voices, Weak History

Author

Victoria Kirkham, Pamela Joseph Benson, and Judy Kem

Subjects
History, Classics
Published
2005

50. Phase 2 trial of everolimus and carboplatin combination in patients with triple negative metastatic breast cancer

Author

Singh, Jasmeet Chadha, primary, Novik, Yelena, additional, Stein, Stacey, additional, Volm, Matthew, additional, Meyers, Marlene, additional, Smith, Julia, additional, Omene, Coral, additional, Speyer, James, additional, Schneider, Robert, additional, Jhaveri, Komal, additional, Formenti, Silvia, additional, Kyriakou, Victoria, additional, Joseph, Benson, additional, Goldberg, Judith D, additional, Li, Xiaochun, additional, Adams, Sylvia, additional, and Tiersten, Amy, additional

Published
2014
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