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Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a zoonosis caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium bovis, which induces the development of nodular and granulomatous lesions in various animal tissues. The recognition of these suggestive gross lesions during postmortem sanitary inspection in slaughterhouses provides a presumptive diagnosis, which requires the use of complementary tests to confirm the disease. This study aimed to verify the occurrence of BTB in cattle slaughtered in slaughterhouses in the state of Ceará, Brazil, using bacteriological and molecular methods. To this end, suggestive lesions were analyzed on carcasses condemned by the “Serviço de Inspeção Estadual” (SIE). The samples were submitted to microbiological analysis using culture media and specific staining followed by spoligotyping molecular technique for identification and genotyping of the mycobacteria. Occurrence of lesions suggestive of BTB was verified in bovine carcasses (0.071%) from different municipalities of the state. These lesions were located mainly in the lung (95.12%), lymph nodes (58.53%), and liver (36.58%). Microbiological culture showed bacterial isolation (17.94%), with the growth of colonies showing morphological and tannic characteristics belonging to genus Mycobacterium spp. Genetic polymorphism analysis identified M. bovis in all isolates, which were discriminated into six spoligotypes (SB0121, SB0295, SB1064, SB0120, SB0870, and SB0852). These profiles have been described in Brazil and several areas of the world, except for profiles SB1064 and SB0852, which were described in the country for the first time. The results show that the association of the diagnostic methods used was the basis for the first study on identification of mycobacteria found in the state, which may provide a database for the epidemiological study of BTB in the state of Ceará. RESUMO: A tuberculose bovina (TB) é uma zoonose causada pelo Mycobacterium bovis, o qual induz ao desenvolvimento de lesões nodulares e granulomatosas em vários tecidos do animal. O reconhecimento dessas lesões macroscópicas sugestivas durante a inspeção sanitária post mortem em matadouros fornece um diagnóstico presuntivo, sendo necessário a utilização de testes complementares para confirmação da doença. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a ocorrência da TB em animais abatidos em matadouros-frigoríficos no estado do Ceará através da utilização de métodos bacteriológicos e moleculares. Para tanto, foram analisadas lesões sugestivas de TB em carcaças condenadas pelo Serviço de Inspeção Estadual (SIE). As amostras foram submetidas à análise microbiológica, utilizando meios de cultivo e de coloração específicos, seguida pela técnica molecular spoligotyping para identificação e tipificação genética da micobactéria. Verificou-se a ocorrência de lesões sugestivas de TB em carcaças bovinas (0,071%) oriundas de diferentes municípios do estado do Ceará. Essas lesões estavam localizadas principalmente no pulmão (95,12%), linfonodos (58,53%) e fígado (36,58%). O cultivo microbiológico obteve isolamento bacteriano (17,94%), com o crescimento de colônias apresentando características morfológicas e tintoriais pertencentes ao gênero Mycobacterium spp. A análise do polimorfismo genético identificou a presença de M. bovis em todos os isolados, que foram discriminados em seis espoligotipos (SB0121, SB0295, SB1064, SB0120, SB0870 e SB0852), descritos no Brasil e em diversas áreas do mundo, exceto os perfis SB1064 e SB0852 que foram descritos pela primeira vez no país. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a associação dos métodos diagnósticos utilizados foram a base do primeiro estudo de identificação das micobactérias encontradas no estado do Ceará, o que pode contribuir para a criação de um banco de dados para o estudo epidemiológico da TB no estado.

The study aimed to evaluate the speed of development of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) eggs to infective larvae (L3) and its migration under effect of meteorological variables: temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, solar radiation to Urochloa (=Brachiaria) decumbens grass pasture during rainy season, from June to September 2019, and dry season, October to March 2020, in Recôncavo baiano region of Bahia state, Brazil. Monthly, fecal samples obtained from goats with recurrent GIN infection were deposited in six plots of one square meter. In +7, +14 and + 21-days post-deposition, lower and upper strata grass (0-15 and 15 cm, respectively) and remaining feces were collected and submitted to Baermann's technique modified to perform larval count and identification. Meteorological data were obtained from a local weather station database. The log-transformed larval count results were analyzed regarding the collection day effect, stratum effect, comparing the means by Tukey's test (p 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis and correlation of meteorological variables with larval counts was performed. In the rainy season, the largest proportion of recovered L3 was concentrated in +7-days post-deposition in the months of June and July, both in the remaining feces and herbage samples, while in August development took place more slowly, after +14-days post-deposition. During the dry season, L3 development only occurred after the first collection in January and February. Lower strata had higher proportion of recovery than in upper strata. Negative correlation was found for solar radiation. Greater rainfall in the rainy season compared to dry season was a favorable condition for high contamination of grass samples. However, reduced vertical migration to upper strata may have been influenced by low temperatures during the rainy season. Regarding the genera present in the fecal samples used in the experiment were found Haemonchus sp., Trichostrongylus sp. and Oesophagostomum sp. Thus, it is possible to conclude that in the region of the study, during the rainy season, there is a rapid larval development and the L3 are able to migrate more effectively to the grass. On the other hand, in the dry season, larval development tends to be slower, with less migration to the grass. Solar radiation can be useful for predicting months with the highest risk of infection. Therefore, prophylactic measures should be employed in goat herds during the rainy season whilst natural reduced pasture contamination in the dry season may favor animal maintenance for a longer time.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:49:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Background: Although the etiology of hepatogenous photosensitization has not yet been fully elucidated, it is known that hepatotoxic substances (saponins) present in grasses of the genus Brachiaria spp. are responsible for intoxication of ruminants and horses, causing great economic losses in the whole world. Since this grass is the source of food for the herd in Brazil, and other countries of the world, the aim of this paper is to describe the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and anatomopathological aspects of a steer with this disease. Case: A 3-year-old Nellore steer was referred to veterinary care at a property in Bahia, with a 3-week history of swelling, loss of cutaneous tissue in the ear and scrotum region, and dry faeces. The animal was raised in pasture with Brachiaria decumbens along with five animals of different age and sex; however, it was the only one to present symptoms. Although the animal had been treated at the farm, there was no clinical improvement. On clinical examination, the steer was apathetic with jaundiced mucous membranes, nasal and ocular discharge, epiphora, and ulcers on the labial and gum commissure. The steer had leukocytosis with neutrophilia, anemia, and hyperfibrinogemia. The body condition score (BCS) was 2 (BCS ranges from 1 to 5), and the skin lesions observed were bedsores, necrosis and scabs in several regions. The increase in liver enzymes (GGT, AST) indicated hepatic impairment, suggesting a case of hepatogenous photosensitization. The therapeutic protocol instituted was enteral hydration, electrolyte replacement, topical application of ointment in the injured areas. In addition, it was recommended to maintain the animal in the shade, supply of good quality grass, and a new clinical evaluation in seven days. On new examination, it was observed that there was no satisfactory clinical improvement of the animal, and persistence of laboratory changes. Despite the poor prognosis, treatment was continued for another month with the same recommendations. However, in view of the severe clinical condition and unfavorable prognosis, the animal was submitted euthanasia. Necropsy revealed extensive areas of bedsores, erythema, severe jaundice in the mucous membranes, eyeballs and opaque corneas. The liver had an enlarged volume with bulging edges and a greenish color. The kidneys had a pale brownish color, with an irregular and mottled subcapsular surface, with blackened and depressed spots. Histologically, the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes was finely vacuolated, sometimes refringent and with an abundant presence of bile pigment. It was also observed in the middle of the liver parenchyma, multiple foci of accumulation of macrophages filled with vacuoles of different sizes containing saponins and crystals of saponins inside bile ducts. Furthermore, it was possible to observe hypertrophy and hyperplasia of Kupffer cells, disarrangement of hepatocytes with individual necrosis of hepatocytes. Discussion: The diagnosis of hepatogenous photosensitization was based on history, clinical, laboratory and anatomopathological findings. Serum biochemistry was important to measure hepatic impairment and possible secondary lesions, which were confirmed by the necropsy. Although hepatogenous photosensitization is less common in adult cattle, it must be considered in the differential diagnosis of skin lesions, reduced appetite, and jaundice. Since it was a sporadic case, individual predisposition is probably a preponderant factor. Centro de Ciências Agrárias Ambientais e Biológicas (CCAAB) Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB), Cruz das Almas, BA Laboratório de Reprodução Animal Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), BA Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ) Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), SP Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ) Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), SP

Mycobacterium bovis is responsible for bovine and buffalo tuberculosis, an important zoonotic disease with global distribution. The knowledge of the distribution and the precise identification of this disease, including advanced diagnoses such as spoligotyping, allows choosing the best strategies to fight the disease’s progress. The present work aimed to investigate mycobacteria’s presence, genotype their strains, and evaluate tuberculosis cases’ spatial distribution from suggestive lesions in carcasses of bovine and buffalo inspected in slaughterhouses under an official inspection regime in the state of Bahia, Brazil. The study investigated 453,417 animals. Among these, 31 (0.007%) from 17 municipalities were suspected of tuberculosis. Among the culture medium growth, 95% of these were categorized as alcohol-acid resistant bacilli (BAAR). All isolates were subjected to spoligotyping and 95% were confirmed as M. bovis (SB0120, SB0121, SB0852, SB0828, SB0295, SB0881, SB1648, SB6119, SB0140, SB1055). The strain SB0120 was the most prevalent, and this profile has been described in cases of human tuberculosis by M. bovis, highlighting the zoonotic potential of this profile. This study also identified strains never reported in Bahia, highlighting a distinctive pattern from other parts of Brazil, besides mixed infections. Besides, to identify strains never before described in the state, highlighting a distinctive pattern in Brazil (SB6119 and SB0852, respectively). An unpublished profile was identified and inserted in the international database (Mbovis.org), named SB2715. RESUMO: O Mycobacterium bovis é o responsável pela tuberculose bovina e bubalina, doença zoonótica importante e com distribuição global. O conhecimento da distribuição e a identificação precisa dessa enfermidade, incluindo diagnósticos mais avançados como o spoligotyping, permite escolher as melhores estratégias de combate ao avanço da doença. O presente trabalho objetivou investigar a presença de micobactérias, genotipar suas estirpes e avaliar a distribuição espacial dos casos de tuberculose a partir de lesões sugestivas nas carcaças de bovinos e bubalinos inspecionadas em frigoríficos sob regime de inspeção oficial no estado da Bahia. Foram investigados 453.417 animais dentre os quais 31 (0,007%) foram suspeitos de doença e provenientes de 17 municípios. Após o crescimento em meio de cultura, 95% foram categorizados como bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes (BAAR). Todos os isolados foram submetidos à spoligotyping e 95% foram confirmados M. bovis (SB0120, SB0121, SB0852, SB0828, SB0295, SB0881, SB1648, SB6119, SB0140, SB1055). A cepa SB0120 foi a mais prevalente e este perfil vem sendo descrito na literatura com casos de tuberculose humana por M. bovis ressaltando o potencial zoonótico deste perfil. Este estudo também identificou cepas nunca relatadas no estado da Bahia, destacando um padrão distinto de outras partes do Brasil, além da existência de infecções mistas. Permitiu ainda relatar linhagens nunca antes descritas no estado com destaque para um padrão novo no Brasil (SB6119 e SB0852 respectivamente). Um perfil inédito identificado foi identificado e inserido no banco de dados internacional (Mbovis.org), nomeado SB2715.

Resumo Sergipe, localizado na região Nordeste do Brasil, é o único estado dessa região com ausência de estudos sobre a soroprevalência da leucose enzoótica bovina, havendo a necessidade da realização de pesquisas para verificação da situação atual da enfermidade. O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar um inquérito soroepidemiológico da leucose enzoótica bovina em rebanhos bovinos do estado de Sergipe, dividido em três mesorregiões: Leste Sergipano, Agreste Sergipano e Sertão Sergipano. Em cada mesorregião foram selecionados os cinco municípios com o maior efetivo bovino, totalizando 780 amostras coletadas, dentre machos e fêmeas, de faixas etárias diversas, provenientes de 52 propriedades dos municípios visitados. Todas as amostras de soro foram submetidas ao teste de imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA), obtendo-se resultados positivos para anticorpos antivírus da leucose bovina (anti-VLB) em 11,92% (93/780) dos animais. Dentre as propriedades, 59,61% (31/52) apresentaram animais reagentes, sendo que, dos 15 municípios visitados, apenas dois não apresentaram animais sororreagentes. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, ficou confirmada a presença de anticorpos contra o agente etiológico nos rebanhos bovinos sergipanos, reforçando a necessidade de instituir medidas de controle e prevenção eficazes contra a leucose bovina, com o objetivo de controlar a doença no estado e conhecer melhor a sua epidemiologia.

This study was conducted to evaluate caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) transmission among sheep using 15 lambs that were distributed in 2 experimental groups. The exposed group consisted of 10 lambs that remained with their mothers, who were experimentally infected with CAEV. The non-exposed group was characterized as the control group and was comprised of 5 lambs that remained with their CAEV-negative mothers. Blood samples were collected monthly from birth until 1 year of life. To evaluate the transmission, an agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID), enzyme immunoassay (ELISA), immunoblotting (IB), and nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) techniques were used. The non-exposed group was negative in all of the tests throughout the whole experiment. In the exposed group, 2 individuals had positive nPCR results. Positive nPCR samples were sequenced for comparison with the original goat strains and were shown to be similar to the CAEV-Cork strain. Seroconversion was not detected, and clinical manifestations were not observed. Thus, after 1 year of observation, it was verified that CAEV transmission among sheep is possible; however, with discreet frequency. This was an initial study, and other experiments are needed to analyze the adaptive capacity of the CAEV to remain in an infected sheep flock and cause the disease. [Transmissão do vírus da artrite encefalite caprina entre ovinos]. Resumo: O estudo foi conduzido para avaliar a transmissão do vírus da artrite encefalite caprina (CAEV) entre ovinos, utilizando 15 cordeiros, distribuídos em dois grupos experimentais. O grupo exposto foi constituído por 10 cordeiros, mantidos com suas mães, que foram infectadas, experimentalmente, com CAEV. O grupo não exposto caracterizou-se como grupo controle e foi formado por cinco cordeiros, mantidos com suas matrizes, negativas para CAEV. Foram colhidas amostras de sangue mensalmente, do periodo que compreende o nascimento até um ano de vida. Para avaliar a transmissão, foram utilizadas as técnicas de imunodifusão em gel de agarose (IDGA), ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA), immunoblotting (IB) e reação em cadeia da polimerase do tipo nested (nPCR). O grupo não exposto se manteve negativo aos testes durante todo o experimento. Já no grupo exposto, dois indivíduos apresentaram resultados positivos na nPCR. As amostras positivas na nPCR foram sequenciadas para serem comparadas com as cepas originais de caprinos, comprovando se tratar de lentivírus semelhante à cepa CAEV-Cork. A soroconversão não foi detectada e a manifestação clínica não foi observada. Sendo assim, após um ano de observação, verificou-se que a transmissão do CAEV entre ovinos é possível, entretanto, com discreta frequência. Este foi um estudo inicial, e outros experimentos são necessários para analisar a capacidade adaptativa do CAEV de permanecer em rebanho ovino infectado e, com isso, causar doença. Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-21T00:46:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC2018Transmission.pdf: 1669152 bytes, checksum: 57ddeb25c242586e1b38691f197f4dae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-20

The objective of this study was to demonstrate iatrogenic transmission of small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) from goats to sheep and horizontal transmission between sheep. The study was conducted on a farm with separate goat and sheep rearing, and animals were monitored for lentivirus occurrence by clinical examination and testing by immunoblotting (IB), agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID), and nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR). Positive results had not been observed in the sheep flock until this study. Conversely, virus positive dairy goats were known. For this reason, the farm performed the caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) control program. The study was designed with a sheep group that presented positive animals for SRLV by nPCR. It was verified that three newborn animals in this group were rejected by their mothers and consequently received milk from the goat herd. These three animals remained with another 20 sheep of the same age, totaling 23 animals. After one year, during monitoring, 11 of the 23 animals in the group presented positive results in the nPCR and three demonstrated seroconversion by IB. Of the animals that had received goat milk, two had positive results in the nPCR and IB. The 11 animals positive in the nPCR were followed and it was verified that five animals did not present further positive results in the nPCR, nor seroconversion; two continued presenting positive results in the nPCR but were negative in the IB and AGID and four were positive in the nPCR, IB, and AGID. Thus, it was possible to demonstrate iatrogenic interspecific infection and the occurrence of horizontal caprine lentivirus transmission among sheep. [Infecção de ovinos pelo lentivírus caprino]. Resumo: O objetivo foi demonstrar a transmissão iatrogênica de lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes (LVPR) de caprinos para ovinos e a transmissão horizontal entre ovinos. O estudo foi conduzido em propriedade com criação não consorciada de caprinos e ovinos, monitorada para ocorrência de lentiviroses, a partir de acompanhamento clínico e testes de immunoblotting (IB), imunodifusão em gel de agarose (IDGA) e reação em cadeia da polimerase do tipo nested (nPCR). Resultados positivos no rebanho ovino não haviam sido observados até então. Por outro lado, sabia-se que o rebanho caprino leiteiro era positivo. Por este motivo, a propriedade realizava programa de controle da artrite-encefalite caprina (CAE). O estudo foi delineado em um lote de ovinos que apresentou animais positivos para LVPR na nPCR. Verificou-se que três animais neonatos deste lote foram rejeitados por suas mães e por isso receberam leite do rebanho caprino. Estes três animais permaneceram com outros 20 ovinos de mesma faixa etária, totalizando 23 animais. Após um ano, durante a realização do monitoramento, dos 23 animais do lote, 11 apresentaram resultados positivos na nPCR e três demonstraram soroconversão por IB. Dos animais que haviam recebido leite do rebanho caprino, dois tiveram resultados positivos na nPCR e no IB. Os 11 animais positivos na nPCR foram acompanhados, verificando-se que cinco animais não apresentaram mais resultados positivos na nPCR, nem soroconverteram; dois continuaram apresentando resultados positivos na nPCR, mas negativos no IB e IDGA e quatro apresentaram-se positivos na nPCR, no IB e no IDGA. Dessa forma, foi possível demonstrar a infecção interespecífica de forma iatrogênica e a ocorrência de transmissão horizontal do lentivírus caprino entre ovinos. Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-06T00:41:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC2018Sheep.pdf: 169811 bytes, checksum: 20856e1b8518b49b8c3f85f3c43af5bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-10-05

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:53:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01 Background: The hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant neoplasm of hepatocytes of rare occurrence in farm animals, with ruminants being the most affected species. This neoplasm is characterized by nonspecific symptoms and it is etiology in animals has not yet been fully elucidated, although aflatoxin has been shown to be a risk factor in the development this neoplasia. Since hepatic tumors in cattle are commonly incidental findings found in postmortem examination, the objective of this paper is to describe the clinical, laboratory and pathological findings in a cow with this neoplasm. Case: A 5-year-old, adult, Girolando cow weighing 350 kg was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Brazil, with a history of decreased appetite and weakness for one month. The animal was raised in a semi-intensive system, with a corn-based diet, and regular vaccination. Futhermore, was not treated at the farm of origin and three days before being admitted to the hospital, began to present edema of the dewlap. On examination at our center, the cow was in lean, active, with mucupurulent secretion in nostrils; ocular conjunctiva edema; and edema of the dewlap. The cow had neutrophilia, hypofibrinogemia, hypoproteinemia, and trombocytopenia. It also had tachycardia, tense abdomen, engorgement of the vessels of the face and jugular veins, stasis test and bilaterally positive jugular pulse. Although evidence of pain in reticulum was negative in the examination, the initial diagnostic suspicion established was of traumatic reticular pericarditis. The therapeutic protocol instituted was daily monitoring, flunixin meglumine and flofernicol. The examination of rectal palpation revealed in the right flank an irregular-sized parenchymal structure with enlarged and palpacion in pain. Thus, by location and texture, it was suspected that the structure in question was a liver or kidney. However, the dosage of creatinine ruled out renal damage, and persistent hypoproteinemia reinforced the suspicion of hepatic impairment. In view the deterioration of the clinical condition and the suspicion of hepatic impairment, such as hepatic insufficiency, hepatitis or hepatic abscess, we opted for a right exploratory laparotomy. The surgery confirmed the presence of various granulomas throughout the liver, a non-luster organ, bulging edges with erosions and deposition of fibrin on the surface, confirming liver dysfunction. However, the animal died during the surgical procedure, and necropsy was performed, evidencing a focally extensive mass and multiple nodules of various sizes in the liver, lymph nodes and lung. In the microscopy of these nodules, cells similar to hepatocytes were observed, arranged in the form of strands or in agglomerates. Thus, similar to the reports in the literature, the diagnosis of HCC was carried out postmortem by necropsy and histopathology. Discussion: The diagnosis of HCC was based on clinical, laboratory and anatomopathological findings. The hypoproteinemia and persistent hypofibrinogenemia suggest a hepatic dysfunction that was confirmed on surgery and histopathology. Primary liver tumors, although rare in production animals, must be considered in the differential diagnosis of weight loss, weakness and edema in cattle. It was not possible to determine the etiology of the neoplasia in this case, however, the possibility of aflatoxicosis by corn should not be ruled out as a probable inducer, since corn was a constituent of the diet provided to the animal. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio Mesquita Filho” (UNESP) Departamento de Cirurgia e Anestesiologia Veterinária Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Rua Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa s/n. Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB) Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio Mesquita Filho” (UNESP) Departamento de Cirurgia e Anestesiologia Veterinária Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Rua Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa s/n.

Este trabalho teve como finalidade verificar a prevalência sorológica da lentivirose caprina (LVC) na microrregião de Juazeiro, na Bahia, por meio da técnica de imunodifusão em gel de agar (IDGA), bem como caracterizar os sistemas de criação da região. Para tal, foram avaliadas 693 amostras de soros sanguíneos de caprinos de 46 propriedades rurais em diferentes localidades, pertencentes aos 8 municípios formadores da microrregião (Campo Alegre de Lourdes, Casa Nova, Curaçá, Juazeiro, Pilão Arcado, Remanso, Sento Sé e Sobradinho). Na realização das visitas, aplicou-se um questionário com ênfase nas informações referentes ao manejo sanitário. Das propriedades visitadas, todas apresentavam sistema de criação extensivo, com predomínio de animais sem raça definida, baixa produtividade e baixo índice de tecnificação, visando principalmente à obtenção de carne. As principais enfermidades relatadas foram linfadenite caseosa, diarreias, ectoparasitoses e ceratoconjuntivite. Quanto à soroprevalência, 0,29% (2/693) das amostras apresentaram sorologia positiva para a LVC. Os animais positivos pertenciam à mesma propriedade, no município de Curaçá, que apresentou 12,5% (1/8) de propriedades positivas, contrastando com 2,17% (1/46) de soroprevalência total dos rebanhos visitados. Estes resultados sugerem, portanto, a necessidade da efetivação de medidas preventivas na região, principalmente no momento em que se verifica a importação de animais para melhoramento genético. This work aimed to determine the serological prevalence of caprine artrithis encephalitis (CAE) in the microregion of Juazeiro, in the state of Bahia, using the technique of agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) to characterize the farming systems of the region. We collected 693 blood serum samples of goats from 46 farms in 8 different locations belonging to the municipalities forming the microregion (Campo Alegre de Lourdes, Casa Nova, Curaçá, Juazeiro, Pilão Arcado, Remanso, and Sobradinho). During the visits, a questionnaire was applied emphasizing information related to health management. All of the visited properties had extensive breeding systems, with predominance of mixed breed animals, low productivity and low technology rate, aiming mainly to use the meat. The main diseases reported were caseous lymphadenitis, diarrhea, ectoparasites and keratoconjunctivitis. Concerning seroprevalence, 0.29% (2/693) of samples tested positive for AGID. The positive animals belonged to the same property in the municipality of Curaçá, which showed 12.5% (1/8) of positive properties, in contrast to 2.17% (1/46) of total seroprevalence in the other visited properties. These results therefore suggest the need for new epidemiological surveys in the region, especially at a time when the importation of animals for genetic improvement is taking place.

The failure of passive immunity transfer, which has been a major obstacle in the sheep industry, is an important cause of neonatal diseases and mortality. In search of an effective management measure to solve this problem, the effects of the age and the monitoring of colostrum administration on the dynamics of the serum proteins were evaluated. Forty-four lambs were used and divided into two groups: monitored colostrums intake (MO), with 8 animals, and non-monitored colostrums intake (NM), with 36 animals, along with clinical evaluation, hemogram and total serum protein assessment and its electrophoretic fractioning, 24-72h after birth, at 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days of age. The MO group was followed in two additional times: before and six hours after colostrum intake. Total protein and gammaglobulin (g/dL) in the MO group presented the minimum values right after birth (3.62 ± 0.70 and 0.32 ± 0.12) and the maximum 24-72 hours after birth (7.98 ± 1.95 and 3.39 ± 1.13). Such concentrations also showed the same behavior in the NM group, with lower values (5.57 ± 1.45 and 1.80 ± 0.95), and with significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between groups. Between 15 to 30 days, the values of these variables decreased in both groups, and increased up to 90 days. In all experimental moments, the MO group showed higher values of gammaglobulin than NM group. The conclusions of this paper are that most of protein fractions, mainly total protein and gammaglobulin, undergo changes with the age development, and that the monitoring of colostrum intake increased significantly the levels of gammaglobulin. KEYWORDS: Endogenous antibodies, failure of passive immunity transfer, immunoglobulins, neonatal period, serum proteins.

RESUMO O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar a frequência de ovinos soropositivos para o vírus da língua azul na microrregião de Juazeiro, Bahia. O teste de imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA) foi utilizado para pesquisar 469 amostras de soro oriundas de 58 rebanhos. Durante as colheitas, um questionário foi aplicado a cada criador a fim de se obter dados sobre o sistema de criação e correlacioná-los com a sorologia. Os resultados demonstraram que 0,43% (2/469) das amostras analisadas apresentaram anticorpos contra o agente. Esta região é caracterizada pelo clima semiárido e pela predominância do tipo de exploração extensiva, com presença de animais nativos, mestiços e sem raça definida para produção de carne e pele, com baixa produtividade e tecnificação. ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to verify the frequency of sheep with positive serology for Bluetongue virus in the micro-region of Juazeiro, Bahia State, Brazil. The agar gel immunodifusion test (AGID) was used to examine 469 serum samples of 58 herds. During collection, an epidemiological questionnaire was applied to each farmer. The results demonstrated that 0.43% (2/469) of the analyzed samples presented antibodies for the agent. This region is characterized by a semi-arid climate, and the predominant livestock management system is the extensive one, with a presence of native and crossbred animals, aiming at the production of meat and fleece, with low productivity and technification.

Abstrract: This study was conducted in order to evaluate the transmission of caprine lentivirus to sheep using different experimental groups. The first one (colostrum group) was formed by nine lambs receiving colostrum from goats positive for small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV). The second group (milk group) was established by nine lambs that received milk of these goats. Third was a control group, consisting of lambs that suckled colostrum and milk of negative mothers. Another experimental group (contact group) was formed by eight adult sheep, confined with two naturally infected goats. The groups were monitored by immunoblotting (IB), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR). All lambs that suckled colostrum and milk of infected goats and six sheep of the contact group had positive results in the nPCR, although seroconversion was detected only in three of the exposed animals, with no clinical lentiviruses manifestation, in 720 days of observation. There was a close relationship between viral sequences obtained from infected animals and the prototype CAEV-Cork. Thus, it was concluded that SRLV can be transmitted from goats to sheep, however, the degree of adaptation of the virus strain to the host species probably interferes with the infection persistence and seroconversion rate.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi utilizar métodos bacteriológicos e moleculares para a identificação do Mycobacteriumbovis em lesões observadas em carcaças de bovinos durante a inspeção post mortem de rotina em matadouros-frigoríficos com serviço de inspeção oficial. Foram acompanhados o abate e a inspeção de 825.394 bovinos, sadios, ao exame antemortem pelo serviço de inspeção oficial em 10 matadouros-frigoríficos do estado da Bahia, entre abril de 2009 e abril de 2012. Cento e oitenta bovinos apresentaram lesões sugestivas de tuberculose e outras linfadenites, as quais foram avaliadas quanto à presença de Mycobacterium bovis por exame bacteriológico e pela PCR multiplex. A maioria das lesões estava localizada em linfonodos do trato respiratório e 71% eram provenientes de bovinos machos com até 32 meses de idade. No isolamento bacteriano, 13,9% (25/180) das amostras apresentavam colônias pequenas, de superfície granular e de coloração creme-amareladas, em meio de cultura Stonebrink-Leslie, e o crescimento médio foi de 34 dias. Todos os esfregaços dos isolados evidenciaram BAAR, e, pela PCR multiplex, 56% (14/25) dos isolados foram identificados como M. bovis. A associação entre exame post mortem, bacteriológico e PCR multiplex permitiu a identificação do agente de forma rápida e em regiões com status sanitário de baixa prevalência, demonstrando ser importante para a detecção dos focos de tuberculose bovina e o auxílio nos programas de controle e erradicação da tuberculose. The aim of the present study was to perform bacteriological and molecular methods for identification of Mycobacterium bovis in lesions derived from bovine carcasses detected during routine post-mortem examination in officially inspected slaughterhouses. We checked the slaughter and inspection of 825,394 bovines, health upon ante-mortem examination, by the official service in 10 slaughterhouses of Bahia state from April, 2009 to April 2012. Lesions suggestive of tuberculosis were collected from 180 bovines and further evaluated by bacteriology and multiplex PCR. The majority of lesions were located in the respiratory tract lymph nodes and 71% were from male bovines up to 32 months old. 13.9% of samples presented small, granular and creamy-yellowish colonies after being cultured in Stonebrink-Leslie with an average growth time of 34 days. All smears from the isolated samples were Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) and among them 56% were identified by mPCR as M. bovis. Thus, the association between post-mortem examination, culture and multiplex PCR allowed the bacillus identification in a reduced time and in regions of low prevalence, pointing out its importance for bovine tuberculosis detection and as a supportive tool for the tuberculosis control and eradication program.

Para avaliar-se a influência dos fatores etários sobre o leucograma de fêmeas zebuínas da raça Nelore, examinaram-se amostras de sangue de 158 animais, distribuídos por sete grupos etários ( até 3 meses; 3 a 6 meses; 6 a 12 meses; 12 a 24 meses; 24 a 48 meses; 48 a 72 meses e maior que 72 meses). Os resultados expressos em valores médios (± desvios padrões) máximo (máx.) e mínimo (mín.) em milhares de células por mm³ para os diferentes componentes do leucograma foram os seguintes: leucócitos total máx. - 16992 ± 4104 ( 6 a 12 meses) e min. -10353 ± 2397 (48 a 72 meses ) ; neutrófilos total máx. - 3931 ± 1578 (até 3 meses) e min. - 2416 ± 1118 ( 6 a 12 meses ); eosinófilos máx. - 999 ± 499 (24 a 48 meses) e min. - 265 ± 276 ( 3 a 6 meses ); basófilos máx. - 67 ± 88 (> 72 meses) e min. - 39 ± 78 (6 a 12 meses); linfócitos típicos máx. - 12758 ± 3608 (6 a 12 meses) e min. - 5906 ± 1883 (48 a 72 meses); linfócitos atípicos máx. - 1310 ± 603 (3 a 6 meses ) e min. - 760 ± 419 ( 48 a 72 meses ); linfócitos total máx. - 14079 ± 4027 (6 a 12 meses ) e min. - 6666 ± 2059 ( 48 a 72 meses ) ; monócitos máx. -27 ± 62 ( até 3 meses ) e min.- 0 ( 6 a 12 meses). A existência de diferenças (p > 0,05) entre grupos demonstrando diminuição dos neutrófilos e aumento dos linfócitos no primeiro ano de vida; a diminuição dos valores do total de leucócitos a partir de um ano de idade, como reflexo de comportamento similar dos números de linfócitos (típicos e atípicos) e o aumento dos eosinófilos entre 24 e 48 meses de vida, caracterizaram a influência dos fatores etários sobre a variação dos valores dos componentes do leucograma de fêmeas zebuínas da raça Nelore criadas em São Paulo - Brasil.

Analisou-se a ocorrência da Falha de Transferência da Imunidade Passiva (FTIP) em 45 cordeiros nascidos de ovelhas saudáveis e pluríparas. Estes animais foram acompanhados do nascimento até o desmame (90 dias), por meio de avaliações físicas, do hemograma, determinação de proteínas séricas totais e seu fracionamento eletroforético entre 24-72h pós-nascimento (p.n.), aos 7, 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias de idade (quando era realizada a desmama). Adotando-se o ponto de corte para proteínas séricas totais da ordem de 4,5g/dL, obteve-se a ocorrência de FTIP de 24,4% (11 animais). Os cordeiros com FTIP apresentaram menores valores (p

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:44:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1808-16572013000100006.pdf: 312790 bytes, checksum: a4983bc644810110d5aaa8972b61312b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:44:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1808-16572013000100006.pdf: 312790 bytes, checksum: a4983bc644810110d5aaa8972b61312b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:32:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1808-16572013000100006.pdf: 312790 bytes, checksum: a4983bc644810110d5aaa8972b61312b (MD5) S1808-16572013000100006.pdf.txt: 34563 bytes, checksum: ed0b5b5bd3929b639ea95af8e23456be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:08:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1808-16572013000100006.pdf: 312790 bytes, checksum: a4983bc644810110d5aaa8972b61312b (MD5) S1808-16572013000100006.pdf.txt: 34563 bytes, checksum: ed0b5b5bd3929b639ea95af8e23456be (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:08:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1808-16572013000100006.pdf: 312790 bytes, checksum: a4983bc644810110d5aaa8972b61312b (MD5) S1808-16572013000100006.pdf.txt: 34563 bytes, checksum: ed0b5b5bd3929b639ea95af8e23456be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ocorrência de ovinos soropositivos para o vírus da língua azul (VLA) no Estado do Ceará, Brasil, e analisar as proteínas imunogênicas das cepas virais circulantes nesses rebanhos. O teste de imunodifusão em gel de agarose (IDGA) foi utilizado para pesquisar 271 amostras de soro oriundas de 16 rebanhos. Os resultados demonstraram que 27,3% (74/271) das amostras analisadas apresentaram anticorpos contra o agente e 68,8% (11/16) das propriedades tiveram animais positivos. O immunoblotting (IB) foi utilizado para analisar as proteínas imunogênicas do VLA a partir dos soros de animais positivos no IDGA. Os soros demonstraram forte reação contra a proteína viral VP2. Para o VLA, das sete proteínas estruturais, a VP2 é a principal a estimular a resposta imune protetora. Concluiu-se que a soropositividade para a língua azul (LA) nos rebanhos ovinos estudados no Ceará é alta, apesar dos animais não apresentarem sinais clínicos, indicativo de que o vírus ocorra de forma endêmica. Além disso, a resistência à doença apresentada pelos animais pode estar relacionada com a forte reação imunológica desses à proteína VP2. Sendo assim, outros estudos são necessários para melhor esclarecer a situação epidemiológica da LA no país, através da identificação dos vetores e sorotipos virais circulantes nas diferentes regiões. The objective of this work was to verify the occurrence of sheep serologically positive for bluetongue virus (BTV) in the state of Ceará, Brazil, and analyze immunogenic proteins of circulating viral strains in these flocks. The agar gel immunodifusion test (AGID) was used to examine 271 serum samples from 16 herds. The results demonstrated that 27.3% (74/271) of the analyzed samples presented antibodies for the agent, and that 68.8% (11/16) of the properties presented positive animals. Immunoblotting (IB) was used to analyze the immunogenic proteins of BTV derived from AGID positive sera. Sera showed strong reaction against viral protein VP2. of the seven BTV structural proteins, VP2 is the major protein to elicit protective immune responses. It was concluded that bluetongue (BT) seropositivity in sheep flocks studied in Ceará is high, despite that the animal's do not show clinical signs, indicating that it occurs in an endemic form. The animals' resistance to the disease may be related to the strong immune response to the protein VP2. Therefore, further studies are needed to better clarify the epidemiological situation of BT in Brazilian sheep flocks, through the identification of viral vectors and serotypes circulating in different regions. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Caprinos e Ovinos Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) Universidade Estadual do Ceará Faculdade de Veterinária Laboratório de Virologia Universidade Estadual do Vale do Acaraú Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia Centro de Ciências Agrárias Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Estadual Paulista

Resumo: Com o objetivo de analisar a ocorrência de anticorpos contra Brucella ovis em ovinos no semiárido baiano, este inquérito foi conduzido em rebanhos da microrregião de Juazeiro, Bahia. O teste de imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA) foi utilizado para examinar 694 amostras de soro de 58 rebanhos. Anticorpos para B. ovis foram observados em cinco (0,72%) dos animais investigados. Acredita-se que o baixo número de soropositivos deva-se às características dos sistemas de produção, com predominância do tipo de exploração extensiva de animais localmente adaptados, mestiços e sem raça definida para a produção de carne e pele, com baixa produtividade e tecnificação. [Sero-epidemiological survey for Brucella ovis infection in sheep flocks of Bahia state, Brazil]. Abstract: In order to analyze the occurrence of antibodies to Brucella ovis in sheep in a semi-arid region, this survey was conducted in the micro-region of Juazeiro, Bahia State, Brazil. The agar gel immunodifusion test (AGID) was used to examine 694 serum samples of 58 flocks. Antibodies to B. ovis were found in 5 (0.72%) of the investigated animals. It is believed that this low number of positive cases is related to the characteristics of the production. The predominant system is the extensive one, with presence of locally adapted breeds and crossbred animals, aiming at the production of meat and skin, with low productivity rates and technical development.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:04:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1413-95962004000500001.pdf: 182356 bytes, checksum: 72a7d3e5237a36bd811152f920cb4327 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:04:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1413-95962004000500001.pdf: 182356 bytes, checksum: 72a7d3e5237a36bd811152f920cb4327 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-10-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T20:07:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1413-95962004000500001.pdf: 182356 bytes, checksum: 72a7d3e5237a36bd811152f920cb4327 (MD5) S1413-95962004000500001.pdf.txt: 23099 bytes, checksum: b0ed86f840475b26be2dd667664d2677 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-10-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:17:10Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1413-95962004000500001.pdf: 182356 bytes, checksum: 72a7d3e5237a36bd811152f920cb4327 (MD5) S1413-95962004000500001.pdf.txt: 23099 bytes, checksum: b0ed86f840475b26be2dd667664d2677 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:17:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1413-95962004000500001.pdf: 182356 bytes, checksum: 72a7d3e5237a36bd811152f920cb4327 (MD5) S1413-95962004000500001.pdf.txt: 23099 bytes, checksum: b0ed86f840475b26be2dd667664d2677 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-10-01 O presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a influência do desenvolvimento etário e da suplementação com acetato de DL-alfa-tocoferol sobre o metabolismo oxidativo de neutrófilos, em bovinos da raça holandesa, no período do nascimento até os 150 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 20 bezerros divididos em dois grupos de dez animais. Os animais do grupo Tratamento receberam 2000UI de acetato de DL-alfa-tocoferol, por via intramuscular, ao nascimento, aos 15, 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias de idade, sendo o outro o grupo Controle, que não recebeu qualquer suplementação. em ambos os grupos, o metabolismo oxidativo dos neutrófilos demonstrou pouca atividade durante os primeiros 60 dias de vida, sendo indicativo da ineficiência deste importante mecanismo bactericida. Não foi observado efeito significativo da administração do acetato de DL-alfa-tocoferol sobre o metabolismo oxidativo de neutrófilos. This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of age and supplementation with acetate of DL-alpha-tocopherol on the neutrophils oxidative metabolism of Holstein calves from birth to 150 days of age. Twenty calves were divided in two groups of ten animals. The animals of group Treatment received 2000UI of DL-alpha-tocopherol acetate, IM, at birth, and at 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of age. The other group (Control), did not receive any supplementation. In both experimental groups the neutrophils oxidative metabolism showed little activity during the first 60 days of life, wich could indicate inefficiency of this important bactericidal mechanism. Neutrophils oxidative metabolism was not significantly affected by treatment with acetate of DL-alpha-tocopherol. Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) Escola de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) Instituto de Ciências de Saúde Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Medicina Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Medicina Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências

With the objective of detecting the presence of caprine lentivirus (CLV) in ewe milk and in ram semen, ten matrixes and four reproducers experimentally infected with CLV were used. Samples of ewe milk were collected during the four months of lactation, five collections per animal, totaling 50 samples. Regarding the rams, eight semen collections were made per animal, during one year of experimentation, totaling 32 samples. The milk and semen samples were submitted to DNA extraction and the nested polymerase chain reaction test (nPCR) to detect CLV proviral DNA. Eight (16%) of the milk samples were positive in nPCR originating from two ewes. Only one (3.12%) semen sample was positive. The amplification products were sequenced, and were confirmed to be a CLV genomic sequence. Thus, the presence of CLV proviral DNA in sheep milk and semen was demonstrated, confirming the feasibility of infection between species, and alerting to the risk of spreading infections. [Lentivírus caprino em leite e sêmen de ovinos]. Resumo: Com o objetivo de detectar a presença do lentivírus caprino (LVC) no leite de ovelhas e no sêmen de carneiros, utilizaram-se 10 matrizes e quatro reprodutores infectados experimentalmente com o LVC. Foram coletadas amostras de leite das ovelhas durante os quatro meses de lactação, ocorrendo cinco coletas por animal, totalizando 50 amostras. Quanto aos carneiros, realizaram-se oito coletas de sêmen por animal, durante um ano de experimentação, totalizando 32 amostras. As amostras de leite e de sêmen foram submetidas à extração de DNA e à prova de reação em cadeia da polimerase do tipo nested (nPCR) visando à detecção de DNA proviral do LVC. Oito (16%) amostras de leite foram positivas na nPCR oriundas de duas ovelhas. Apenas uma (3,12%) amostra de sêmen apresentou positividade. Produtos da amplificação foram sequenciados, confirmando-se tratar de sequência genômica do LVC. Dessa forma, demonstrou-se a presença do DNA proviral do LVC em leite e sêmen de ovinos, confirmando a viabilidade da infecção entre espécies e, assim, alertando sobre o risco de que a infecção seja disseminada. Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-24T00:12:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC2017Caprine.pdf: 376528 bytes, checksum: 3ae3a9af4fdd105cae76695fa5801913 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-22 [ALICE ANDRIOLI PINHEIRO].