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Erditzea prozesu indibidual eta konplexua da, emakume bakoitzaren bizitzan mugarri dena. Erditze-gertaeran prozesu fisiologikoen eta psikologikoen arteko erlazioa gertatzen da, emakumearen, semearen edo alabaren ongizatean eta amaren eta bikotearen arteko harremanean eragina izan dezaketen gizarte-, ingurumen-, antolamendu- eta politika-testuinguruek eraginda. Gaur egungo osasun-paradigmen bidez sustatzen da erabiltzaileek eta osasun-profesionalek beren bizipenen alderdi positiboei eta negatiboei buruzko ikuspegia eta gogoetak adieraztea. Beraz, lan honetan aztertuko dira amek ospitaleko erditzean positibotzat edo negatibotzat hartzen dituzten esperientziak eta izandako emozioak eta sentimenduak. Emaitzak funtsezkoak dira erditzean emakumearengan zentratutako zaintza modu indibidualizatuan, pertsonalizatuan, holistikoan eta jarraituan bideratu ahal izateko, emakumearen balioak, aukerak, kultura eta emakumearen eta bikotekidearen nahiak errespetatuz.; Childbirth is an individual and complex process that represents a milestone in every woman's life. The birth episode involves a relationship between physiological and psychological processes influenced by social, environmental, organisational, and political contexts that may affect the well-being of the woman, the child and the relationship between the mother and the partner. Current health paradigms encourage users and health professionals to express their vision and reflections about the positive and negative aspects of their experiences. Therefore, this paper will analyse the experiences, emotions and feelings that mothers perceive as positive or negative in hospital birth. The results are essential for the delivery of woman-centred care in an individualized, personalized, holistic and continuous provision of woman-centred care in childbirth, respecting the values, opportunities, culture and wishes of the woman and the partner.

The perception and interpretation of childbirth are changing as values change. This requires women and professionals to adapt to new circumstances. The objective of this study was to analyze the perspectives of women and professionals on hospital birth and to identify improvement areas in order to achieve a positive perinatal experience. A qualitative prospective study with a phenomenological approach was conducted using semi-structured interviews with women, two and eight months after childbirth, participant observation, and professional focus groups. The analysis of the transcribed texts involved a thematic inductive approach. Four improvement areas emerged from the analysis: (a) strengthening communication and the therapeutic relationship, (b) unifying criteria between hospitals and primary care centers to provide coordinated and coherent information, (c) involvement of the partner in the whole process of pregnancy-childbirth-puerperium, (d) improvement of the spaces used in prenatal care and births. The need for a continuity of care from the beginning of pregnancy to the postpartum period is emphasized, which requires an improvement in information, participation, and the promotion of shared decision-making. To this end, coordinated interdisciplinary work, involvement of the partner and the improvement of the spaces used in prenatal care and births are essential.

[EN] The subject of Pharmacology in the Nursing degree meets the learning needs for the future professional activity of Nurses, as important as the correct administration of drugs or the prevention of adverse events through knowledge of the mechanisms of action and adverse effects of drugs. . The objective of this study is to analyze the possible benefit that the implementation of on-line resources and active methodologies such as Socrative® questionnaires or the flipped classroom have on the acquisition of these competences by the second-year students of the Nursing degree. Three cohorts have been analyzed with a progressive implementation of these resources and teaching methodologies. The results show a clear improvement in the academic performance of the students in all the analyzed competences with an acceptable cost-benefit., [ES] La asignatura de Farmacología en el grado de Enfermería cubre necesidades de aprendizaje para la futura actividad profesional del personal de Enfermería tan importantes como la correcta administración de fármacos o la prevención de eventos adversos mediante el conocimiento de los mecanismos de acción y efectos adversos de los fármacos. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar el posible beneficio que la implantación de metodologías activas y recursos on-line así como cuestionarios Socrative® y el aula invertida tienen sobre la adquisición de dichas competencias por parte del alumnado de segundo curso del grado de Enfermería. Se han analizado tres cohortes con una implantación progresiva de dichas metodologías y recursos docentes. Los resultados demuestran una clara mejoría en el rendimiento académico del alumnado en todas las competencias analizadas con un coste-beneficio en cuanto a esfuerzo del alumnado y mejora en el rendimiento académico asumible., El presente estudio ha sido financiado por el Servico de Asesoramiento Educativo (SAE/HELAZ) de la UPV/EHU a través del proyecto de innovación Educativo con código PIE-60.

Visceral leishmaniasis caused by the intracellular parasiteLeishmania donovaniis a significant public health problem in many regions of the world. Because of its large genome and complex biology, developing a vaccine for this pathogen has proved to be a challenging task and, to date, protective recombinant vaccine candidates have not been identified. To tackle this difficult problem, we adopted a reductionist approach with the intention of identifying cDNA sequences in anL. donovaniamastigote cDNA library that collectively or singly conferred protection against parasite challenge in a murine model of visceral leishmaniasis. We immunized BALB/c mice with plasmid DNA isolated and pooled from 15 cDNA sublibraries (∼2,000 cDNAs/sublibrary). Following systemic challenge withL. donovani, mice immunized with 6 of these 15 sublibraries showed a significantly reduced (35- to 1,000-fold) hepatic parasite burden. Because of the complexity and magnitude of the sequential fractionation-immunization-challenge approach, we restricted our attention to the two sublibraries that conferred the greatest in vivo protection. From one of these two sublibraries, we identified several groups of cDNAs that afforded protection, including a set of nine novel cDNAs and, surprisingly, a group of five cDNAs that encodedL. donovanihistone proteins. At each fractionation step, the cDNA sublibraries or the smaller DNA fractions that afforded in vivo protection against the parasite also induced in vitro parasite-specific T helper 1 immune responses. Our studies demonstrate that immunization with sequential fractions of a cDNA library is a powerful strategy for identifying anti-infective vaccine candidates.

Different light microscopical procedures for the histochemical demonstration of catalase were tested in cryostat sections of mussel digestive gland tissue by using both benzidine and diaminobenzidine (DAB) as hydrogen donors. The selected procedure, which was also applied to mouse liver for comparative purposes, consisted of incubation in media containing 0.2% DAB and 0.3% H202 at pH 10.4 for 35 min at 42 "C. Addition of 0.01 M imidazole to the incubation medium increased the staining intensity of the histochemical procedure. The positive reaction product was localized in epithelial cells lining the digestive tubules and the ducts. The histochemical reaction was inhibited partially by aminotriazole or sodium azide and disappeared completely by omission of H202 from the incubation medium. On the other hand, heat resistant nonenzymatic reactions were observed in sites known to contain lipofuscins such as epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract and connective tissue brown cells.