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El yoga ha demostrado ser un ejercicio efectivo para evitar enfermedades físicas y mentales desde las primeras etapas del crecimiento, mejorando, por tanto, la salud de los niños y adolescentes, y, por ende, la salud del adulto. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer el grado de juicio y comprensión por parte de alumnado adolescente sobre la práctica del yoga, así como la perspectiva de estos, sobre la inclusión del yoga en la educación. Se realizó una encuesta anónima a 269 participantes en diferentes institutos de Andalucía (España). El conocimiento por parte de los alumnos adolescentes estudiantes sobre el yoga es muy limitado. Sin embargo, el alumnado consideró relevante la práctica del yoga bien como asignatura optativa o curricular, por lo que, aún el desconocimiento del alumnado adolescente sobre el yoga en general, existió un grado de consciencia en favor de esta actividad en la mejora de la educación

The aim of this review is to summarize recent evidences and advances on the implementation and the use of new tools to assessing physical activity (PA) in children.Technological advances provide, increasingly, new objective methods for the evaluation of PA in children. In addition to accelerometry, there are other objective methods for assessing PA in children such as new wearable monitoring and activity bracelets, smartphone and recording software applications, Global Positioning System or Inertial Sensors Devices.Doubly labeled water and calorimetry are reference methods to assessing PA but with limitations of use. Accelerometry is an accurate method for measuring sedentary behavior and PA levels in children. In fact, it is a real alternative reference method for the validation of methods and tools of assessing PA. However, there is still no consensus about the most appropriate approach to analyze the duration and intensity of PA in children. Therefore, the implementation of other alternative objective methods, as well as complementation with PA questionnaires, can provide a more precise evaluation of different patterns and behaviors related with sedentarism and PA.

The aim of this study was to verify the effects of blood flow restriction on movement velocity and muscle activity during the back-squat exercise. Methods: Twenty-four university students participated in this study. In two randomized 72-hours apart sessions, participants performed a 4-set protocol consisting of 30-15-15-15 repetitions performed at 30% of their one-repetition maximum in the back-squat exercise. In both sessions, neuromuscular function was monitored by surface electromyography (EMG) and movement velocity (mean propulsive velocity [MPV], peak concentric velocity [Vmax] and the effort index [EI]). Blood flow restriction (BFR) was applied during exercise in one of the experimental sessions with 80% of full arterial occlusion pressure over lower limbs. Results: BFR condition showed higher (p

Background: Beetroot juice (BRJ) is used as an ergogenic aid, but no previous study has analyzed the effect this supplement has on the production of explosive force and muscular endurance in physically active women. Hypothesis: BRJ improves explosive force and muscular endurance in the lower limbs of physically active women. Study Design: Randomized double-blind crossover study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Fourteen physically active women performed a countermovement jump (CMJ) test, a back squat test for assessing velocity and power at 50% and 75% of one-repetition maximum (1RM), and the number of repetitions on a muscular endurance test consisting of 3 sets at 75% of 1RM in a resistance training protocol comprising 3 exercises (back squat, leg press, and leg extension). The participants performed the test in 2 sessions, 150 minutes after ingesting 70 mL of either BRJ (400 mg of nitrate) or a placebo (PLA). Results: A greater maximum height was achieved in the CMJ after consuming BRJ compared with a PLA ( P = 0.04; effect size (ES) = 0.34). After a BRJ supplement at 50% 1RM, a higher mean velocity [+6.7%; P = 0.03; (ES) = 0.39 (–0.40 to 1.17)], peak velocity (+6%; P = 0.04; ES = 0.39 [−0.40 to 1.17]), mean power (+7.3%; P = 0.02; ES = 0.30 [−0.48 to 1.08]) and peak power (+6%; P = 0.04; ES = 0.20 [−0.59 to 0.98]) were attained in the back squat test. In the muscular endurance test, BRJ increased performance compared with the PLA ( P < 0.00; ηp2 = 0.651). Conclusion: BRJ supplements exert an ergogenic effect on the ability to produce explosive force and muscular endurance in the lower limbs in physically active women. Clinical Relevance: If physically active women took a BRJ supplement 120 minutes before resistance training their performance could be enhanced.

The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of conservative non-invasive treatments based on eccentric training, stretching and extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) supplemented with β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric (HMB) or placebo (PLAC) on body composition, pain and muscular function (jump ability, muscular power and muscular strength) in athletes with patellar tendinopathy (PT). In a double-blind randomized trial, 8 athletes (4 males and 4 females) performed a physical rehabilitation for 4 weeks. They were randomly divided into two experimental groups (two males and two females in each one) that ingested HMB (HMBG) or PLAC (PLACG). In pre- and post-intervention were assessed body composition, pain, countermovement jump (CMJ), back-squat (BS) for analyzing peak power (W) (PPPP), load (kg) associated to PPPP (PPKG) and mean velocity (m/s) (PPMV) in addition to a 5-RM leg extension tests. An interaction intervention·supplementation (p = 0.049; Ƞ2p = 0.774) was observed in the height reached in the CMJ as an intervention effect in PPPP detected for the HMBG (p = 0.049). In addition, an enhancement in PPKG (p = 0.028; Ƞ2p = 0.842) was detected in the intervention, but not in PPMV, as an increase in the intervention in the 5-RM test (p = 0.001; Ƞ2p = 0.981) was observed. No changes were noted on body composition or pain (p > 0.05). The combination of eccentric training with stretching and ESWT increased concentric muscular power and strength after 4 weeks without changes in body lean mass or pain. In addition, HMB supplementation could enhance the power muscular performance in athletes with PT, optimizing the intervention adaptions.

Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to review the evidence about the effectiveness of exercise in patients with overweight or obesity suffering from knee osteoarthritis. Methods: Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published between January 2002 and May 2022 were included. Results: A total of 64 articles were identified, of which six met the criteria for meta-analysis. The pain scale score was higher in the control group (mean difference 0.95; confidence interval 0.42–1.47; p < 0.001; I2 = 44%). The physical function scale (lower scores indicate lower levels of symptoms or physical disability) presented a higher score in the control group (mean difference 3.74; confidence interval 0.85–6.53; p < 0.05; I2 = 56%). Moreover, the intervention group achieved a greater distance (meters) walking in a 6 min interval (mean difference 38.18; confidence interval 20.01–56.35; p < 0.001; I2 = 0%). Conclusions: Exercise interventions seem effective in improving quality of life in people with overweight or obesity suffering from knee osteoarthritis, reducing pain and improving physical function.

Patellar tendinopathy (PT) is one of the most common musculoskeletal pain problems associated with sport, particularly those that includes jumping activities. Different studies have proposed that through nutrition it is possible to optimize physical rehabilitation in sports injuries. The objective of the present study is to analyze the effect of non-invasive conservative treatments based on eccentric training, stretching and extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) supplemented with β-hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid (HMB) or placebo (PLAC) on body composition. , pain and muscle function (jumping ability, muscle power and muscle strength) in athletes with PT. The design of this study is a double-blind randomized trial composed of federated athletes, with an initial expected duration of 4 weeks, with a subsequent continuation of the intervention of 8 weeks. They will be performed before and after the intervention: body composition test, pain, countermovement jump (CMJ), back squat (BS) to analyze the load (kg) lifted (PPKG), the average speed (m / s) ( PPMV) and maximum power (W) (PPPP) reached at the load corresponding to the maximum power reached (PP) and a 5 RM leg extension test.

The aim of this research was to verify whether the application of percussion therapy during inter-set rest periods increases the number of repetitions performed before reaching a 30% velocity loss threshold during a bench press exercise. Methods: Twenty-four male university students participated in this study (24.3 ± 1.3 years, 77.5 ± 8.3 kg, 177.0 ± 5.6 cm, 24.7 ± 2.6 kg∙m−2). Participants were randomized into two groups: a percussion therapy group (PTG) and a control group (CG). They performed 4 sets at 70% of a one-repetition maximum before reaching a 30% velocity loss threshold with an inter-set recovery of 3 min. Results: The PTG performed a greater total number of repetitions compared to the CG (44.6 ± 4.8 vs. 39.5 ± 6.8, p = 0.047, ES = 0.867). No differences were observed for the different movement velocity variables and fatigue control (p &gt, 0.05). Conclusions: Percussion therapy is an effective method to delay the loss of movement velocity in the bench press exercise.

A great deal of evidence has been gathered on the use of creatine as an ergogenic supplement. Recent studies show greater benefits when creatine ingestion is performed close in time to training, but few studies tackle the way that circadian rhythms could influence creatine consumption. The aim of this study was therefore to observe the influence circadian rhythms exert on sports performance after creatine supplementation. Our method involved randomly assigning fourteen women players of a handball team into two groups in a single-blind study: one that consumed the supplement in the morning and one that consumed it in the evening, with both groups following a specific training program. After twelve weeks, the participants exhibited a decreased fat percentage, increased body weight and body water, and improved performance, with these results being very similar in the two groups. It is therefore concluded that, although circadian rhythms may influence performance, these appear not to affect creatine supplementation, as creatine is stored intramuscularly and is available for those moments of high energy demand, regardless of the time of day.

This research was funded by the Plan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica, Desarrollo e Innovacion Tecnologica (I + D + I), Instituto de Salud Carlos III-HealthResearchFunding (FONDOS FEDER) (PI11/02042, PI11/02059, PI11/01425; PI16/00871, PI16/01301, PI16/01205) and RETIC (Redes tematicas de investigacion cooperativa) (Red SAMID RD12/0026/0015). Angel Gil is funded by the Plan Propio de la Universidad de Granada with a Sabatical Program 2020-21. This paper will be included in Jose Manuel Jurado-Castro's doctorate, under the "Social and Legal Sciences Program" at the University of Cordoba, Spain., Background: Physical activity (PA) has acquired a significant relevance due to the health benefits associated with its practice. Accelerometers are an effective tool to assess PA; however, the diversity of cut-off points used to define different PA intensities through accelerometry could interfere in the interpretation of the findings among studies. Objectives: The present study aimed to examine the sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) levels in children using six selected accelerometry protocols based on diverse cut-off points. Methods: Clinical examination, anthropometric measurements, and PA evaluation by accelerometry were assessed in 543 selected children (10 ± 2.4 years old) from the Spanish GENOBOX study. The ActiLife data scoring program was used to determine daily min spent in SB, and light, moderate, vigorous and moderate-vigorous PA using six validated accelerometry protocols differing in their cut-off points. Results: Very different estimations for SB and PA intensity levels were found in children, independently of the nonwear- time algorithm selected, and considering puberty stages, age and body mass index. The time spent in daily SB varied from 471 to 663.7 min, PA ranged from 141 to 301.6 min, and the moderate-vigorous PA was reported between 20.7 and 180.2 min. Conclusion: The choice of a particular accelerometry protocol considering these factors is important to evaluate SB or PA intensities to suit the characteristics of the sample researched. It seems necessary to establish future lines of research that include different analytical approaches to measure SB and PA by accelerometry based on standardized and validated methodology., Plan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica, Desarrollo e Innovacion Tecnologica (I + D + I), Instituto de Salud Carlos III-HealthResearchFunding (FONDOS FEDER) PI11/02042 PI11/02059 PI11/01425 PI16/00871 PI16/01301 PI16/01205, RETIC (Redes tematicas de investigacion cooperativa) RD12/0026/0015, Plan Propio de la Universidad de Granada

Despite the existence of global recommendations for physical activity and lifestyle to avoid childhood obesity, there are no specific recommendations for school-age children. The aim of this meta-analysis was to measure the effects of current interventions with a physical activity component on body mass index (BMI) Z-score and on the moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) time, measured by accelerometry, and focused on children with obesity. Randomized controlled trial studies (RCTs) based on physical activity interventions focused on children with obesity (6 to 12 years old) from January 1991 to August 2018 were included. The post-intervention mean and standard deviation of the BMI Z-score and MVPA engaged time were extracted to calculate the results using random effects models. Of a total of 229 studies considered potentially eligible, only 10 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. There were improvements in the BMI Z-score for physical activity intervention groups, compared with non-intervention children in addition to a significant increase in time engaged in MVPA. In conclusion, interventions with a physical activity component in school-children with obesity seem to be effective at reducing BMI and producing an increase in time spent engaged in physical activity. Therefore, interventions based on physical activity should be considered one of the main strategies in treating childhood obesity.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a comprehensive anti-smoking health program conducted over twelve years at a regional university hospital in southern Spain. Prevalence of tobacco was compared retrospectively using data collected during occupational health assessments (n = 4291). Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were carried out to evaluate tobacco consumption differences according to age, sex, professional category, and workplace building. The results show a reduction in the active smoking rate among hospital staff evaluated (from 22.8% to 19.8%) with significant differences between non-health and health workers. Accumulated smoking consumption fell to 13.45 &plusmn, 14.60 packs/year with men presenting a higher consumption (p &lt, 0.001). The predictive variables of tobacco use were sex (greater consumption among men, p = 0.021), number of cigarettes (greater consumption among professionals who smoked less than 1 pack/day, p &lt, 0.001), and time smoking (greater use among professionals with more than 10 years smoking, p &lt, 0.001). There was a higher rate of staff smokers at the hospital building with a majority of mental health inpatients. This study provides a practical example of making the optimum use of digital medical records in the evaluation of a comprehensive anti-smoking health program.

The ingestion of beetroot juice (BJ) has been associated with improvements in physical performance in endurance sports, however the literature on resistance training (RT) is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of BJ compared to a placebo (PLA) on muscular endurance and movement concentric velocity during RT. Twelve healthy men performed an incremental RT test (back squat and bench press) with three sets, at 60%, 70%, and 80% of their repetition maximum (1-RM). Movement velocity variables, total number of repetitions performed until concentric failure, blood lactate, and ratings of perceived effort post-training were measured. A higher number of repetitions were recorded with BJ compared to those with PLA (13.8 &plusmn, 14.4, p &lt, 0.01, effect size (ES) = 0.6). Differences were found at 60% 1-RM (9 &plusmn, 10, 0.05, ES = 0.61) and 70% 1-RM (3.1 &plusmn, 4.8, ES = 0.49), however, no differences were found at 80% 1-RM (1.7 &plusmn, 1, p = 0.12, ES = 0.41). A greater number of repetitions was performed in back squat (13.4 &plusmn, 13, ES = 0.77), but no differences were observed in bench press (0.4 &plusmn, 5.1, p = 0.785, ES = 0.03). No differences were found for the rest of the variables (p &gt, 0.05). Acute supplementation of BJ improved muscular endurance performance in RT.

The authors would like to thank the children and parents who participated in the study and Ana Yara Postigo-Fuentes for the assistance with the English editing., Sedentary habits during childhood are associated with adverse health outcomes. The aim of this work was to cluster lifestyle behaviors and metabolic biomarkers to establish different patterns in children. Their physical and sedentary activities were evaluated by accelerometry, and questionnaires that included lifestyle behaviors, such as adherence to a Mediterranean diet, anthropometry and blood biochemical markers. Cluster analysis was performed to establish different groups based on physical activity levels. A total of 489 children were finally selected. Cluster 1 included children with a mostly sedentary state, whereas Cluster 3 included the most active children and Cluster 2 included children that did not fit into either the sedentary or the highly active groups. In Cluster 3, 56% of children were in a sports club, and a lower percentage used electronic devices in their rooms compared to the other groups. Cluster 1 children exhibited higher insulin, HOMA-IR and triacylglycerides with respect to the other groups. No differences were found regarding adherence to a Mediterranean diet. The choice to practice an extracurricular sport could be an influencing factor to increase exercise and ensure an active lifestyle in children. Reducing or limiting screen time mainly in children’s rooms could contribute to an active lifestyle., Plan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica, Desarrollo e InnovacionTecnologica (I + D + I), Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Health Research Funding (FONDOS FEDER) PI051968 PI1102042 PI1600871, Redes tematicas de investigacion cooperativa RETIC (Red SAMID) RD12/0026/0015, Instituto de Salud Carlos III IFI17/00048