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Eco-schemes are set to play an important role in the European Union’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) post-2022 for the delivery of environmental and climate benefits and enhanced animal welfare. This article surveys current plans for the design of eco-schemes in fifteen European Union Member States. The number of eco-scheme measures to be offered per country varies between 3 and 21, and the complexity and level of ambition of the individual measures are quite heterogeneous. The majority of the proposed eco-scheme measures either build upon components from greening obligations or stem from agri-environmental and climate schemes currently offered under Pillar 2. All fifteen Member States address Green Deal targets, with particular emphasis being given to biodiversity enhancement and non-productive land. Eight of the countries surveyed are planning to provide support for organic farming through an eco-scheme. The greater creative freedom offered by the CAP’s New Delivery Model has resulted in a situation where similar measures are programmed as eco-schemes in some countries and as Pillar 2 measures in others. By adding yet another policy instrument to the CAP’s toolbox, the complexity of the CAP is vastly increased. It remains to be seen how farmers will respond. Dans la politique agricole commune (PAC) de l’Union européenne après 2022, les éco- régimes sont appelés à jouer un rôle important pour la fourniture d’avantages environnementaux et climatiques et l’amélioration du bien-être animal. Cet article passe en revue les projets actuels de conception d’éco-régimes dans quinze États membres de l’Union européenne. Le nombre de mesures d’éco-régimes à proposer par pays varie entre 3 et 21, et la complexité et le niveau d’ambition des mesures individuelles sont assez hétérogènes. La majorité des mesures d’éco- régimes proposées s’appuient sur des éléments des obligations de verdissement ou découlent de mesures agro-environnementales et climatiques actuellement proposées dans le cadre du pilier 2. Les quinze États membres répondent aux objectifs du Pacte vert, un accent particulier étant mis sur l’amélioration de la biodiversité et le foncier non-productif. Les quinze États membres répondent aux objectifs du Pacte vert, un accent particulier étant mis sur l’amélioration de la biodiversité et les terres non productives. Huit des pays étudiés envisagent de soutenir l’agriculture biologique par le biais d’un éco- régime. La plus grande liberté créative offerte par le nouveau modèle de mise en œuvre de la PAC a abouti à une situation où des mesures similaires sont programmées en tant qu’éco-régimes dans certains pays et en tant que mesures du Pilier 2 dans d’autres. En ajoutant encore un autre instrument de politique à la boîte à outils de la PAC, la complexité de cette dernière est considérablement accrue. Reste à savoir comment réagiront les agriculteurs. Eco-Schemes werden in der Gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik (GAP) der Europäischen Union nach 2022 eine wichtige Rolle spielen, wenn es darum geht, einen Nutzen für Umwelt und Klima zu erzielen und den Tierschutz zu verbessern. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die aktuellen Pläne für die Ausgestaltung der Eco-Schemes in fünfzehn Mitgliedstaaten der Europäischen Union. Die Anzahl der Maßnahmen, die in einem Land angeboten werden sollen, schwankt zwischen 3 und 21. Hierbei sind die Komplexität und Zielsetzung der einzelnen Maßnahmen recht heterogen. Die meisten der vorgeschlagenen Eco- Schemes bauen entweder auf Komponenten von Greening- Verpflichtungen auf oder stammen aus Agrarumwelt- und Klimaregelungen, die derzeit im Rahmen der zweiten Säule angeboten werden. Alle fünfzehn Mitgliedstaaten befassen sich mit den Zielen des Green Deals, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf der Förderung der biologischen Vielfalt und der nicht produktiven Flächen liegt. Acht der untersuchten Länder planen, den ökologischen Landbau durch ein Eco-Scheme zu unterstützen. Die größere kreative Freiheit, die das neue GAP-Modell bietet, hat dazu geführt, dass ähnliche Maßnahmen in einigen Ländern als Eco-Scheme und in anderen als Maßnahmen der zweiten Säule definiert werden. Durch das Hinzufügen eines weiteren Politikinstruments zum Portfolio der GAP wird die Komplexität der GAP erheblich größer. Es bleibt abzuwarten, wie die Landwirte und Landwirtinnen darauf reagieren werden.

Neutron monitor counting rates show, among others, a $\sim$ 1.6--2.2-year period. This period has been associated with a solar origin affecting the cosmic ray propagation conditions through the heliosphere. The duration of this period varies from one Solar Cycle to another.\cite{Comazzi_Blanco_2022} found the duration of the $\sim$ 1.6--2.2-year period ($\tau$) is linearly related to the averaged sunspot number ($SSN_a$) in each Solar Cycle.In this piece of research, we have analyzed this relationship. This equation shows that shorter $\sim$1.6--2.2-year periods occur during stronger cycles when $SSN_a$ is higher. Drawing on this relationship given by $SSN_a = (-130 \pm 10) \: \tau + (330 \pm 30)$, we computed $\tau$ for the cycles previous to the existence of neutron monitors (Solar Cycles 7--19). By means of the Huancayo neutron monitor spectrum we checked the validity of this equation along the Solar Cycle 19. Once the previous relationship is checked, $\tau$ for the current Solar Cycle 25 is computed giving $\sim$ 2.22 years.An internal mechanism of the solar dynamo called Rossby waves could produce these variations in the solar magnetic field and, indirectly, in neutron monitor counting rates.The harmonic of fast Rossby waves with $m=1$ and $n=8$ fit with the detected periodicity and the variation of the solar magnetic field strength from weaker to stronger Solar Cycles could explain the different periods detected in each cycle.Finally, a solar magnetic field strength of $\sim$ 7--25 kG in the tachocline have been estimated based on the detected periodicities using the dispersion relation for fast Rossby waves.

Nos últimos anos instaurouse no imaxinario colectivo a idea de que a mocidade galega está a emigrar de novo, subliñando un problema de fuga de cerebros. Non obstante, son poucos os estudos sistemáticos sobre esta cuestión. Neste traballo, cruzamos os datos de emigración españois cos datos dos censos dos países de destino, recollidos pola Organización para a Cooperación e o Desenvolvemento Económicos (OCDE) na súa base de datos sobre inmigrantes en países pertencentes e non pertencentes á OCDE (DIOC-E ou DIOC estendida), para estimar os stocks de emigrantes por nivel educativo e comunidades autónomas (CC.AA.) de orixe. De igual forma, empregamos unha serie única de datos de mobilidade laboral do Servicio Público de Emprego Estatal (SEPE) para estudar as migracións internas. Os nosos resultados amosan que Galicia é unha das comunidades máis afectadas pola fuga de cerebros no contexto español. A emigración externa aumentou de forma significativa coa crise económica e mantense en niveis elevados desde entón, namentres a emigración interna presenta un nivel reducido en comparación con outras CC.AA. pero ofrece un saldo negativo persistente e unha tendencia crecente.

Aims The aim of this study was to gain an agreement on the management of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) up to walking age in order to provide a benchmark for practitioners and guide consistent, high-quality care for children with CTEV. Methods The consensus process followed an established Delphi approach with a predetermined degree of agreement. The process included the following steps: establishing a steering group; steering group meetings, generating statements, and checking them against the literature; a two-round Delphi survey; and final consensus meeting. The steering group members and Delphi survey participants were all British Society of Children’s Orthopaedic Surgery (BSCOS) members. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis of the Delphi survey results. The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation checklist was followed for reporting of the results. Results The BSCOS-selected steering group, the steering group meetings, the Delphi survey, and the final consensus meeting all followed the pre-agreed protocol. A total of 153/243 members voted in round 1 Delphi (63%) and 132 voted in round 2 (86%). Out of 61 statements presented to round 1 Delphi, 43 reached ‘consensus in’, no statements reached ‘consensus out’, and 18 reached ‘no consensus’. Four statements were deleted and one new statement added following suggestions from round 1. Out of 15 statements presented to round 2, 12 reached ‘consensus in’, no statements reached ‘consensus out’, and three reached ‘no consensus’ and were discussed and included following the final consensus meeting. Two statements were combined for simplicity. The final consensus document includes 57 statements allocated into six successive stages. Conclusion We have produced a consensus document for the treatment of idiopathic CTEV up to walking age. This will provide a benchmark for standard of care in the UK and will help to reduce geographical variability in treatment and outcomes. Appropriate dissemination and implementation will be key to its success. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(6):758–764.

Introduction: PARK7/DJ-1 is an oncogene that is associated with tumorigenesis in many cancers. Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of DJ-1 in the origin and development of uveal melanoma (UM). We present an analysis of the role of the DJ-1 protein in UM cells, especially in its effect on proliferation and migration. Methods: UM cells from a primary tumor, Mel 270, and its liver metastasis, OMM2.5, were transfected with lentiviral-delivered shRNA against PARK7/DJ-1. Evaluation of cell migration and proliferation was performed using the xCELLigence real-time cell analyzer (RTCA). The effect of DJ-1 inhibition on the PTEN-Akt signaling pathway was also studied by immunoblotting. Results: The silencing of PARK7/DJ-1 oncoprotein expression produced a significant decrease of phosphorylated Akt (S473) in Mel270 and in metastatic OMM2.5 UM cells with no alteration on tumor suppressor PTEN expression. The diminution of PARK7/DJ-1 expression significantly inhibited real-time proliferation and invasion of Mel270 and OMM2.5 and the invasion potential of the metastatic cells. Conclusion: DJ-1 appears to play a key role on the PTEN/Akt pathway in UM. DJ-1 inhibition appears to have a negative effect on proliferation and invasion of UM cells. This suggests DJ-1 as a potential therapeutic target in UM.

Aim of the study : The aim of this study is to identify if there is any association between neuromuscular disorders and prosthetic dislocation in patients treated with hip hemiarthroplasty for neck of femur fractures. Patients and Methods : Our study is a retrospective analysis of data collected over 34 years for patients with intracapsular neck of femur fracture who underwent hip hemiarthroplasty. Pathological fractures and patients treated with other treatment modalities were excluded. The study population is composed of four groups; patients with no neuromuscular disorders, patients with Parkinson's disease, patients with previous stroke, and patients with mental impairment. Results : A total of 3827 patients were treated with hip hemiarthroplasty. For the 3371 patients with no neuromuscular condition (Group I) the dislocation rate was 1.1%. 219 patients had Parkinsonism (Group II) with a dislocation rate of 3.2%, 104 patients had a previous stroke with weakness on the fracture side with a dislocation rate of 1.0% (Group III), and 984 patients had severe mental impairment with a dislocation rate of 1.8% (Group IV). The increased dislocation rate for those with Parkinson's disease was statistically significant (p=0.02) while none of the other neuromuscular conditions were statistically significant. Conclusion : Our study demonstrates an increased risk of dislocation after hemiarthroplasty for patients with Parkinson's disease in comparison to other groups. No increase was apparent for those with mental impairment or weakness from a previous stroke.

Eco-schemes are set to play an important role in the European Union’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) post-2022 for the delivery of environmental and climate benefits and enhanced animal welfare. This article surveys current plans for the design of eco-schemes in fifteen European Union Member States. The number of eco-scheme measures to be offered per country varies between 3 and 21, and the complexity and level of ambition of the individual measures are quite heterogeneous. The majority of the proposed eco-scheme measures either build upon components from greening obligations or stem from agri-environmental and climate schemes currently offered under Pillar 2. All fifteen Member States address Green Deal targets, with particular emphasis being given to biodiversity enhancement and non-productive land. Eight of the countries surveyed are planning to provide support for organic farming through an eco-scheme. The greater creative freedom offered by the CAP’s New Delivery Model has resulted in a situation where similar measures are programmed as eco-schemes in some countries and as Pillar 2 measures in others. By adding yet another policy instrument to the CAP’s toolbox, the complexity of the CAP is vastly increased. It remains to be seen how farmers will respond.

This study presents the continuation of our previous analysis of variations of atmospheric and space weather parameters above Iberian Peninsula along two years near the 24th solar cycle maximum. In the previous paper (Morozova et al., 2017) we mainly discussed the first mode of principal component analysis of tropospheric and lower stratospheric temperature and pressure fields, which was shown to be correlated with lower stratospheric ozone and anti-correlated with cosmic ray flux. Now we extend the investigation to the second mode, which suggests a coupling between the stratosphere and the ionosphere. This second mode, located in the low and middle stratosphere (and explaining ~7% of temperature and ~3% of geopotential height variations), showed to be statistically significantly correlated with variations of the middle stratosphere ozone content and anti-correlated with variations of ionospheric total electron content. Similar co-variability of these stratospheric and ionospheric parameters was also obtained with the wavelet cross-coherence analysis. To investigate the role of atmospheric circulation dynamics and the causal nature of the found correlations, we applied the convergent cross mapping (CCM) analysis to our series. Strong evidence for the stratosphere-ionosphere coupling were obtained for the winter 2012–2013 that is characterized by the easterly QBO phase (quasi-biennial oscillations of the direction of the stratospheric zonal winds) and a strong SSW (sudden stratospheric warming event). Further analysis (for the three-year time interval 2012–2015) hint that SSWs events play main role in emphasizing the stratosphere-ionosphere coupling.

A new family of high accuracy multitracking detectors called TRASGOs, sensitive to both electrons and muons is proposed for multidisciplinary cosmic ray research. The corresponding tools for monitoring, tracking, event reconstruction and analysis are being developed. The present status of the project is presented and discussed.

We present first results on the continuous monitoring of the 2021 La Palma volcanic eruption (Canary Islands, Spain), from September 2021 to December 2021. During the eruption we installed a 8 level 3-component geophone string and 15 m spacing between geophones in Las Manchas within the restricted area and less than 2 km away of the volcanic edifice. The string was installed on the ground surface, in a straight line pointing towards the volcano. The 24 channels were sampled at 250 Hz, and data acquisition was performed in real-time and continuously till the end of the eruption with occasional minor gaps. The resulting seismoacoustic dataset is a sample of elastic energy propagating in both the subsurface and the atmosphere, allowing us to improve our understanding of the eruptive subsurface and subaerial processes. We use these seismoacoustic records to identify and characterize the different phases and signals of the volcanic activity. For the first analysis of the dataset we performed the calculation and graphing of spectrograms during the acquisition. We identify eruptive signals and correlate them with different events that can be directly observed on the basis of frequency content and relative timing. Explosive events like those derived from destruction of conduit plugs and ash-rich plumes emission, ash-rich explosions, volcanic lightning and degassing events are being analysed.Finally, we study the correlation of seismic and seismoacoustic records for the same event by comparing with seismic data recorded on land stations. Results show that a good correlation exists between seismic and seismo-acoustic data for the main activity observed in the surface: the activity at the various vents and events like episodes of ash emission and bursts, indicating that this methodology can be successfully applied to monitor remote eruptions. Coupled seismoacoustic observations have turned out to be useful because they provide a comprehensive record of subsurface and subaerial eruptive activity.

The monitoring of the anomalous signals associated with the ongoing magmatic process occurring in La Palma, and their interpretation, allowed the proper forecast and management of the last eruption in the Canaries. This eruption occurred 10 years after the submarine eruption in El Hierro island (Tagoro, 2011) and 50 years since the last eruption in La Palma island (Teneguía, 1971). The early signs started in October 2017 and lasted until 2021, with the occurrence of 7 short lasting seismic swarms located at depths between 20-30 km, below Cumbre Vieja volcanic edifice (the volcanic active zone of the island during the last 125 ky). Also, during this period, several geochemical signals were registered associated with the emplacement of magma below the island and the local changes of stress. The eruption was preceded by 1 week (September, from the 11th to the 19th) of strong unrest, with seismic activity (shallower than the previous swarms) and surface deformations. Data registered by the IGN volcano-monitoring network, were transmitted, processed and interpreted in real time, and have been essential to the management of the volcanic crisis, providing the Canarian Civil Protection with valuable scientific information to undertake the preventive actions in each phase of the crisis in order to mitigate its effects. Data and samples collected (lava, ashes, water, gases) will allow to identify the causes and mechanisms of this eruption and will shed light on the origin of the magmatism in the Canaries.

Centrosomes are the main microtubule-organizing centres, playing essential roles in the organization of the cytoskeleton during interphase, and in the mitotic spindle, which controls chromosome segregation, during cell division. Centrosomes also act as the basal body of cilia, regulating cilium length and affecting extracellular signal reception as well as the integration of intracellular signalling pathways. Centrosomes are self-replicative and duplicate once every cell cycle to generate two centrosomes. The core support structure of the centrosome consists of two molecularly distinct centrioles. The mother (mature) centriole exhibits accessory appendages and is surrounded by both pericentriolar material and centriolar satellites, structures that the daughter (immature) centriole lacks. In this Review, we discuss what is currently known about centrosome duplication, its dialogue with the cell cycle and the sequential acquisition of specific components during centriole maturation. We also describe our current understanding of the mature centriolar structures that are required to build a cilium. Altogether, the built-in centrosome asymmetries that stem from the two centrosomes inheriting molecularly different centrioles sets the foundation for cell division being an intrinsically asymmetric process., The work in laboratory of E.M. is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (grants nos PID2019-104134GB-I00 and RED2018-102553-T). J.B.A. is a recipient of a BES-2017-080050 PhD scholarship from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. P.L.F. is a recipient of a PRE2020-093886 PhD scholarship from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.

Background and aim Safety of regorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence after liver transplantation (LT) has been recently demonstrated. We aimed to assess the survival benefit of regorafenib compared to best supportive care (BSC) in LT-patients after sorafenib discontinuation. Methods This observational multicenter retrospective study included LT-patients with HCC-recurrence who discontinued first-line sorafenib. Group-1 was constituted by regorafenib-treated patients, while control group was selected among patients treated with best supportive care (BSC) due to unavailability of second-line options at the time of sorafenib discontinuation and who were sorafenib-tolerant progressors (group-2). Primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) of group-1 compared to group-2. Secondary endpoints were safety and OS of sequential treatment sorafenib+regorafenib/BSC. Results Among 132 LT-patients who discontinued sorafenib included in the study, 81 patients were sorafenib-tolerant: 36 received regorafenib (group-1) and 45 (group-2) received BSC. Overall, 24 (67%) patients died in group-1 and 40 (89%) in group-2: the median OS was significantly longer in group-1 than in group-2 (13.1 vs 5.5 months; p=0.002). Regorafenib treatment was an independent predictor of reduced mortality (HR 0.37, 95%CI 0.16-0.89, p=0.02). Median treatment duration with regorafenib was 7.0 (95%CI 5.5-8.5) months; regorafenib dose was reduced in 22 (61%) patients for adverse events and discontinued for tumor progression in 93%. The median OS calculated from sorafenib start was 28.8 months (95%CI: 17.6-40.1) in group-1 vs 15.3 months (95%CI: 8.8-21.7) in group-2 (p=0.002). Conclusions Regorafenib is an effective second-line treatment after sorafenib in patients with HCC-recurrence after LT.

International audience; After decades of observations of solar energetic particles from space-based observatories, relevant questions on particle injection, transport, and acceleration remain open. To address these scientific topics, accurate measurements of the particle properties in the inner heliosphere are needed. In this paper we describe the Energetic Particle Detector (EPD), an instrument suite that is part of the scientific payload aboard the Solar Orbiter mission. Solar Orbiter will approach the Sun as close as 0.28 au and will provide extra-ecliptic measurements beyond ∼30° heliographic latitude during the later stages of the mission. The EPD will measure electrons, protons, and heavy ions with high temporal resolution over a wide energy range, from suprathermal energies up to several hundreds of megaelectronvolts/nucleons. For this purpose, EPD is composed of four units: the SupraThermal Electrons and Protons (STEP), the Electron Proton Telescope (EPT), the Suprathermal Ion Spectrograph (SIS), and the High-Energy Telescope (HET) plus the Instrument Control Unit that serves as power and data interface with the spacecraft. The low-energy population of electrons and ions will be covered by STEP and EPT, while the high-energy range will be measured by HET. Elemental and isotopic ion composition measurements will be performed by SIS and HET, allowing full particle identification from a few kiloelectronvolts up to several hundreds of megaelectronvolts/nucleons. Angular information will be provided by the separate look directions from different sensor heads, on the ecliptic plane along the Parker spiral magnetic field both forward and backwards, and out of the ecliptic plane observing both northern and southern hemispheres. The unparalleled observations of EPD will provide key insights into long-open and crucial questions about the processes that govern energetic particles in the inner heliosphere.

To prevent or reduce problems of clay adhesion to bits during drilling operations, surfactants, commonly called drilling detergents, have been used in conjunction with water based mud. The adsorption of a surfactant onto a metal surface may include the dispersion forces, dipolar interaction and electrostatic effects. Nonionic surfactant C exhibits the highest value of adsorbed clay. Surfactant D, which shows an intermediate wetting condition, is worse than the system comprising no surfactant, i.e. higher adhesion of clay than the mud without surfactant. The electrostatic interactions result from the presence of electrical charges on the surfactant molecules and the solid adsorbent. Adsorption of surfactant onto the drilling bit surface was studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A laboratory procedure was developed that quantifies the relative percent of clay adhesion onto drilling bits as a function of the amount and molecular character of the surfactant used.

Neutron monitor counting rates and solar wind velocity, interplanetary magnetic field, sunspot number and total solar irradiance measurements from 2013 to 2018 corresponding to the end of solar maximum and the decreasing phase of the Solar Cycle 24 have been used. The main objective is to check whether the periodicities observed in the cosmic rays are affected by the magnetic rigidity or the height at which the neutron monitors are placed. A Global Neutron Monitor (GNM) has been defined as representative of the neutron monitor global network. This GNM is constructed by averaging the counting rates of a set of selected neutron monitors. The selection process is based on the combination of three new data quality criteria, which are applied to neutron monitors in the Neutron Monitor Data Base giving a final pool of 22 selected neutron monitors. Morlet wavelet analysis is applied to the GNM and the selected solar activity parameters to find the common periodicities. Short-term periodicities of 13.5, 27, 48, 92, 132 and 298 days have been observed in cosmic ray intensity. A clear inverse relationship between rigidity and spectral power has been obtained for the 13.5-, 48-, 92-, 132-day periods. A not so clear but still observed direct relationship between the height of the neutron monitors and the spectral power for the 48-, 92-, 132-day periods has been also found. The periodicity of 92 days is the one which shows the highest dependence with rigidity cutoff and height. As far as we know, this is the first time that these dependencies are reported. We think that these observations could be explained by assuming some cosmic ray intensity energy dependence in such periodicities and a competitive effect between rigidity and height.

Summarization: Soil improvement measures need to be ecologically credible, socially acceptable and economically affordable if they are to enter widespread use. However, in real world decision contexts not all measures can sufficiently meet these criteria. As such, developing, selecting and using appropriate tools to support more systematic appraisal of soil improvement measures in different decision-making contexts represents an important challenge. Tools differ in their aims, ranging from those focused on appraising issues of cost-effectiveness, wider ecosystem services impacts and adoption barriers/opportunities, to those seeking to foster participatory engagement and social learning. Despite the growing complexity of the decision-support tool landscape, comprehensive guidance for selecting tools that are best suited to appraise soil improvement measures, as well as those well-adapted to enable participatory deployment, has generally been lacking. We address this gap using the experience and survey data from an EU-funded project (RECARE: Preventing and REmediating degradation of soils in Europe through land CARE). RECARE applied different socio-cultural, biophysical and monetary appraisal tools to assess the costs, benefits and adoption of soil improvement measures across Europe. We focused on these appraisal tools and evaluated their performance against three broad attributes that gauge their differences and suitability for widespread deployment to aid stakeholder decision making in soil management. Data were collected using an online questionnaire administered to RECARE researchers. Although some tools worked better than others across case studies, the information collated was used to provide guiding strategies for choosing appropriate tools, considering resources and data availability, characterisation of uncertainty, and the purpose for which a specific soil improvement measure is being developed or promoted. This paper provides insights to others working in practical soil improvement contexts as to why getting the tools right matters. It demonstrates how use of the right tools can add value to decision-making in ameliorating soil threats, supporting the sustainable management of the services that our soil ecosystems provide. Presented on: Journal of Environmental Management

This paper examines the short- and mid-term periodicities (≲2 yr) in the cosmic-ray flux along 55 yr, from 1964 to 2019. The cosmic-ray flux has been computed by averaging the counting rates, in typified units, of a set of selected neutron monitors. This builds a representative virtual neutron monitor, named the global neutron monitor. The relevant discovered periodicities are ∼13.5, ∼27, ∼46–64, ∼79–83 day; Rieger-type (∼134–190 days); ∼225–309 day; and ∼1.06–1.15, ∼1.31–1.40, and ∼1.75–2.20 yr periods. The same analyses have been applied to the sunspot number (SSN) with the aim to compare the discovered periodicities and look for possible origins of these periodicities. Two main results have been achieved: the periodicities of 77–83 days, 134–190 days (Rieger type), 225–309 days, ∼1.3 yr, and ∼1.7 yr could be related to the solar dynamo, and an inversely linear relationship has been found between the average of the SSN versus the duration time for each solar cycle of the ∼1.75–2.20 yr period.