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The Recife Metropolitan Region (RMR) is located in the eastern portion of northeastern Brazil, which is influenced by causative mechanisms of great totals rainfall. The study of the spatial variability of rainfall in areas with high population density and constructive is essential, once promotes proper planning of mitigation measures of problems related to floods, landslide and water planning. This work aims to study the spatial variability of precipitation in the RMR seasonally, relating it to the relief conditions. The rainfall data were obtained on the website of Agencia Pernambucana de Aguas e Clima (APAC). The representation of relief was based on the Model Digital Terrain (MDT), available by EMBRAPA. The results show that there is a great seasonal variability of rainfall in RMR and surrounding areas. More than 85% annual rainfall was associated with relief.

Acid orange 7 acidity constants were determined in water, in sodium chloride, and in sodium sulfate solutions, from spectrophotometric measurements, within the temperature range (278.15 to 333.15) K. The salt molalities were lower than (2 and 0.7) mol·kg–1 for sodium chloride and sodium sulfate solutions, respectively. Stoichiometric acidity constants were determined in those ionic media to assess the influence of those two salts on the acid–base equilibrium. Deviations from ideal behavior were estimated by the evaluation of the activity coefficients of the ions that take part in the chemical equilibria by means of the Debye–Huckel theory. Expanded Debye–Huckel equations showed a good fit to the experimental data within the considered temperature range. The results also indicate the formation of dye aggregates at high ionic strength which is more evident as the temperature decreases.

Ionization constants of sodium 4′-dimethylaminoazobenzene-4-sulphonate (methyl orange) were determined by means of spectrophotometric measurements in water and in aqueous sodium chloride solutions with molalities up to 2 mol·kg−1 at temperatures between 278.15 K and 333.15 K. The temperature dependence of the thermodynamic acidity constant shows a slight curvature in accordance with published data. The influence of sodium chloride on the methyl orange deprotonation was assessed by the measurement of stoichiometric acidity constants in this ionic medium. The Pitzer theory, widely used in the evaluation of the excess free energy of non-ideal electrolyte solutions, was applied to the computation of the activity coefficients of the chemical species involved in the equilibria and a good fit of those equations to the experimental data was observed, at all temperatures under consideration.

As osteodistrofias do osso temporal podem se manifestar de diversas maneiras, como envolvimento restrito ao osso temporal ou com envolvimento de outros ossos do crânio ou ainda fazerem parte de uma manifestação sistêmica. Consideramos, em nosso trabalho, duas entidades como osteodistofias raras, a osteopetrose e a doença de Camurati-Engelmann, esta última de incidência extremamente rara, com poucos relatos na literatura. Apresentamos dois casos de osteopetrose em sua forma benigna (doença de Albers-Schöenberg), um paciente de 11 anos e outro de 48 anos, ambos do sexo masculino, e um paciente de 28 anos do sexo feminino com a doença de Camurati-Engelmann (displasia diafisária hereditária progressiva), doenças hereditárias autossômicas que apresentam sintomas diversos. A paralisia facial periférica se manifestou em dois dos nossos pacientes. Discutimos alguns aspectos relacionados às manifestações clínicas destas doenças, achados radiológicos, assim como o diagnóstico diferencial e a conduta terapêutica diante de complicações das doenças.Temporal bone osteodysplasia can produce many different symptoms, such as involvement restricted to the temporal bone or impairment of other bones. We consider, in this study two entities that are rare osteodysplasia cases, which are osteopetrosis and Camurati-Engelmann disease, the latter being extremely rare. We present two cases of benign form of osteopetrosis (Albers-Schulenburg's disease), a patient of 11 years old and another one of 48 years old, both male, and a patient of 28 years old, female, with Camurati-Engelmann's disease. The facial palsy was a manifestation in two of the patients. We discuss some aspects about the clinical manifestations, radiological findings, as well as differential diagnostic and therapy in view of the complications of the diseases.

Os tumores glômicos, também chamados de paragangliomas, são formados por células não cromafins. O tumor é tipicamente vascular formado por vasos capilares e pré-capilares, interposto por células epiteliais. Para a sua abordagem inicial, deve-se ressaltar que os sintomas mais comumentes encontrados são o zumbido pulsátil e hipoacusia. A investigação através de imagem (tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética) se faz necessária. Apresentaremos neste trabalho 5 pacientes portadores de paragangliomas timpânicos atendidos no Hospital (de 1995 a 2001). O sexo predominante foi o feminino, a idade variou de 48 a 60 anos, com média de 50 anos. A queixa predominante foi o zumbido pulsátil e a hipoacusia. A conduta foi cirúrgica em todos os casos.Glomus tumors, also called paragangliomas, originate from nonchromaffin cells. The tumor is typically vascular and grows from capillary and pre-capillary vessels in-between epithelial cells. It is worth mentioning that the most common symptoms are pulsating tinnitus and hearing loss. Imaging studies (CT and MRI) are necessary for diagnosis. This paper shows five patients seen at the Hospital between 1995 and 2001 presenting glomus tympanicum. Women were most commonly affected, and the age ranged from 48 to 60 years (mean age of 50 years). The most common complaints were pulsating tinnitus and hearing loss. All patients were treated surgically.

A mímica facial é fundamental para a expressão e comunicação humana, que são possíveis apenas através da integridade do nervo facial. Sendo assim, a paralisia facial periférica (PFP) pode deixar seqüelas estéticas, funcionais e psicológicas. A causa mais comum é a paralisia de Bell (50 a 80%), onde a maioria dos pacientes apresenta manifestação unilateral. O acometimento bilateral simultâneo é raro, sendo a leucemia a neoplasia que com maior freqüência pode resultar nesse tipo de manifestação. A seguir, relatamos o caso de um paciente de dezoito anos de idade apresentando leucemia linfóide aguda (LLA) e PFP simultânea, ambas refratárias ao tratamento quimioterápico, culminando com o óbito cinco meses após o início da PFP. Realizou-se considerações importantes sobre a fisiopatologia da PFP na LLA, além de uma revisão da literatura.The facial mimic is very important to the human expression and communication, which depend on the integrity of the facial nerve. So, the peripheric facial palsy (PFP) can leave esthetics, functional and psychological sequelae. The more common etiology is Bell's palsy (50 to 80%) and most of the patients show a unilateral manifestation. The simultaneous bilateral PFP is rare, and the leukemia is the neoplasia that can often that kind of manifestation. We present a clinical case of an 18-year-old patient with acute lymphoid leukemia and simultaneous bilateral facial palsy, who did not recover after the chemotherapy treatment, and died five months after the initial manifestation of the facial palsy. Important considerations were accomplished about the physiopathology of PFP in acute lymphoid leukemia, besides literature review.

A irrrigação intranasal tem grande importância como terapia adjuvante de doenças nasossinusais. Entretanto, faltam estudos que avaliem as alterações histológicas que as diferentes soluções utilizadas podem causar na mucosa do nariz. OBJETIVO: Analisar os aspectos histológicos da mucosa nasal de ratos após irrigação local com diferentes soluções hidroeletrolíticas. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Experimental. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: 120 ratos Wistar foram divididos igualmente em 4 grupos. O grupo número 1 recebeu solução salina a 0,9%. Os grupos 2 e 3 receberam soluções contendo Cloreto de Sódio associado a Cloreto de Potássio e Glicose, em diferentes concentrações. O grupo 4 foi o grupo controle. Duas vezes ao dia, 0,1ml (2 gotas) das soluções foram aplicados na narina esquerda dos ratos, através de uma seringa. Metade dos animais de cada grupo foi sacrificado após a primeira semana e a metade restante após a quarta semana de tratamento. Os fragmentos de mucosa obtidos foram processados e estudados em microscopia óptica, utilizando a hematoxilina e eosina. RESULTADOS: Pôde-se observar que a infiltração de células inflamatórias foi estatisticamente mais intensa no grupo 2, em 1 e 4 semanas de administração das soluções (pNasal irrigation is an important adjuvant therapy for nasosinusis diseases. Many hydroelectrolytic solutions have been used for it, but studies are lacking to analyze the histological reactions they may cause to the nasal mucosa. PURPOSE: to examine the histological patterns in nasal mucosa after application of three different hydroelectrolytic solutions. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 120 Wistar rats were equally divided into four groups. Group number 1 received a 0.9% saline solution. Group's number 2 and 3 received solutions composed by Sodium Chloride, associated to Potassium Chloride and Glucose in different concentrations. Group 4 was the control group. Twice a day, 0.1ml (2 drops) of the solutions were applied to the rats left nostril, using a bulb syringe. Half of the rats of each group were sacrificed after 1 week and the rest after 4 weeks of nasal irrigation. The collected nasal septal mucosa was studied on H&E stain, under optic microscopy. RESULTS: Inflammatory cell infiltration was statistically more intense for the group 2, in both 1 and 4 weeks of drug administration (p

Introdução: O núcleo do nervo facial e do núcleo olivar superior são conectados por fibras, desta forma uma lesão nesta conecção poderia interferir na função das células ciliadas externas, alterando o exame de emissão otoacústica por produtos de distorção (EOAPD). Objetivo: Observar a possibilidade da paralisia de Bell afetar a função das células ciliadas externas através da EOAPD. Forma do Estudo: Prospectivo clínico. Material e Método: Quarenta pacientes com paralisia de Bell foram comparados com 69 pacientes normais (grupo controle), usando EOAPD. Resultados: Os pacientes com paralisia de Bell e EOAPD alterados foram de 17,5% e no grupo controle de 7,2%, sem diferença estatística entre os valores. Não se observou também uma correlação entre o reflexo estapediano e o grau da paralisia facial com a EOAPD. Conclusão: Não observamos correlação entre EOAPD e a paralisia de Bell.Introduction: The facial nucleus and olivar nucleus are connected with fibers, then a lesion in this conection could interfer in the outer cell function changing the result of otoacoustic emission product distortion test (DPOE). Objective: To observe the possibility of Bell's palsy affect the function of outer hair cells, using the DPOE test. Study Design: Prospective clinical. Material and Method: Forty patients with Bell's palsy were compared with 69 patients without symptons (control group) using DPOE. Results: The patients with Bell's palsy without DPOE response were 17.5% and in the control group, 7.2%, without statistical difference between them. We did not observe a correlation with stapedium reflex and degree of palsy and DPOE. Conclusion: There was no correlation with Bell's palsy and DPOE.

In the humid tropics, on the edges of the Amazon forest, the technological challenges to establishing and maintaining productive and sustainable agricultural systems have yet to be overcome. The groups involved in agriculture in the north of Brazil still engage in the practice of slash and burn in order to prepare and fertilize the soil. This produces negative effects for the local and global environment, without the counter-effect of providing social benefits to rural communities. Whether this process continues is of fundamental importance to many countries because it means that slash and burn agriculture is advancing on the Amazon rainforest, with a negative effect on every dimension of national policy. Beyond social political problems the biggest challenge for researchers in the field of tropical agriculture is to offer technological alternatives that can sustain agriculture in soils derived from sedimentary rocks that have been subjected to a high degree of weathering. In this article patented information is also discussed. Experiments undertaken in this region recommend taking advantage of the rapid growth of plants in the tropics. We aimed at proposing a suitable alternative system for a sustainable soil management in the particular conditions of humid tropics, named as "no-till in alley cropping using tree leguminous mulch." This system offers the advantages of: bringing together, in the same space and at the same time, the processes of cultivation and the regeneration of soil fertility.

With major technological advances and to reduce the cost of training apprentices for real-time critical systems, it was necessary the development of Intelligent Tutoring Systems for training apprentices in these systems. These systems, in general, have interactive features so that the learning is actually more efficient, making the learner more familiar with the mechanism in question. In the home stage of learning, tests are performed to obtain the student's income, a measure on their use. The aim of this paper is to present a framework to model an Intelligent Tutoring Systems using the UML language. The various steps of the analysis are considered the diagrams required to build a general model, whose purpose is to present the different perspectives of its development.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:50:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-69162009000200010.pdf: 425704 bytes, checksum: 32cb91e352cd3691d8f9618e188da50b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:50:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-69162009000200010.pdf: 425704 bytes, checksum: 32cb91e352cd3691d8f9618e188da50b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:41:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-69162009000200010.pdf: 425704 bytes, checksum: 32cb91e352cd3691d8f9618e188da50b (MD5) S0100-69162009000200010.pdf.txt: 30652 bytes, checksum: 3dad8f4804b6dc8f3ed255582c54bbd0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:14:41Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-69162009000200010.pdf: 425704 bytes, checksum: 32cb91e352cd3691d8f9618e188da50b (MD5) S0100-69162009000200010.pdf.txt: 30652 bytes, checksum: 3dad8f4804b6dc8f3ed255582c54bbd0 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:14:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-69162009000200010.pdf: 425704 bytes, checksum: 32cb91e352cd3691d8f9618e188da50b (MD5) S0100-69162009000200010.pdf.txt: 30652 bytes, checksum: 3dad8f4804b6dc8f3ed255582c54bbd0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-01 O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a distribuição de calda por pontas de pulverização hidráulicas para a aplicação de herbicidas em pré-emergência das plantas daninhas, em função do espaçamento na barra utilizada em áreas de reflorestamento com eucalipto. O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Ciência das Plantas Daninhas do Departamento de Fitossanidade da UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal. Foram utilizados os modelos com indução de ar AIUB 025, AI 110025, TTI 110015 e DB 12002, considerando o espaçamento de 0,8; 1,0; 1,2 e 1,5 m entre eles. A avaliação da distribuição da calda pulverizada foi realizada em mesa de deposição. Pulverizou-se água com 0,1% do adjuvante não iônico alquilfenol. Os valores observados foram utilizados para a obtenção das curvas de deposição e do coeficiente de variação. Para a sobreposição de dois exemplares de pontas, conclui-se que o modelo AIUB 025 possui menores coeficientes de variação, resultando em melhores características operacionais em relação à AI 110025, TTI 110015 e DB 12002. Para a utilização de três exemplares de pontas, seguindo somente o critério da distribuição da calda, a melhor combinação foi entre AIUB 025 e DB 12002, como intercalar. A utilização da ponta intercalar aumentou significativamente o consumo de calda. This work aimed to evaluate spray distribution by spraying hydraulic nozzles for the application of herbicides in the pre-emergence of weeds, due to the spacing in spraying boom used in areas reforested with eucalyptus. The trial was carried out at the Weed Science Laboratory from the Phytosanitary Department, UNESP - Jaboticabal Campus - SP, Brazil. It was used air induction nozzles AIUB 025, AI 110025, TTI 110015 and DB 12002, on spacing 0.8; 1.0; 1.2; and 1.5 m, between them. The spraying liquid distribution evaluation was done in patternator table. It was sprayed water plus 0.1% of non-ionic adjuvant alkylphenol . The observed values were considered to obtain deposition curves and calculate the variation coefficient. It was observed that the model AIUB 025 has minor variation coefficients and showed the best features of spraying distribution in relation to AI 110025, TTI 110015 and DB 12002 for two nozzles. Considering three nozzles, and following only the distribution criteria, the best combination was with AIUB 025 and DB 12002, this last one between two AIUBs. The third nozzle had significantly increased the consumption of spraying volume. UNESP Departamento de Fitossanidade UNESP Departamento de Fitossanidade

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:23:54Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:40:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-79751469114.pdf: 919971 bytes, checksum: 263d0059a3ab5f51658bbe87c33a02d0 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:23:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-05-01 The goal of this research was to evaluate two tips of spraying nozzles (hollow cone nozzle and two flat fan nozzle annexed to a nozzle body DUO) and three spray volumes (100, 150 and 200 dm3 ha-1), whose application was for the control of the Asian soybean rust. An area of 288 m 2 was used, with a randomized blocks design in a factorial 2×3 with 4 repetitions, total of 24 experimental parcels of 12 m2. For the spraying with hydraulical nozzles a costal spray of constant pressure kept by C02 compressed with bar of 2 m was used. The analysis of the covering percentage was carried through by means of the use of hidro-sensible paper, that was placed in three position of the plant what it represents, in height, the third superior, average and inferior of the canopy. For both the third no interaction between the evaluated factors, was found and meither difference statistics between the spraying tips and the volumes. In absolute values the twin flat fan nozzle DUO presented minimum difference of covering in relation to the hollow cone nozzle, and for the spray volume of 200 dm3 ha -1 presented greater covering percentage. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP Colegiado de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental Universidade Federal do Vale São Francisco (UNIVASF), Juazeiro - BA Departamento de Fitossanidade Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterináricas (FCAV) Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Campus de Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal - SP, CEP. 14.884-900 Departamento de Fitossanidade Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Jaboticabal. SP Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP Departamento de Fitossanidade Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterináricas (FCAV) Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Campus de Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal - SP, CEP. 14.884-900 Departamento de Fitossanidade Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Jaboticabal. SP

The Amazon River mainstem of Brazil is so regulated by differences in the timing of tributary inputs and by seasonal storage of water on floodplains that maximum discharges exceed minimum discharges by a factor of only 3. Large tributaries that drain the southern Amazon River basin reach their peak discharges two months earlier than does the mainstem. The resulting backwater in the lowermost 800 km of two large southern tributaries, the Madeira and Purus rivers, causes falling river stages to be as much as 2–3 m higher than rising stages at any given discharge. Large tributaries that drain the northernmost Amazon River basin reach their annual minimum discharges three to four months later than does the mainstem. In the lowermost 300–400 km of the Negro River, the largest northern tributary and the fifth largest river in the world, the lowest stages of the year correspond to those of the Amazon River mainstem rather than to those in the upstream reaches of the Negro River.

Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby in citrus and mango crops in the state of Maranhão, Brazil, is recorded. Samples of 2003 and 2004 from several counties were identified and deposited in the Insect Collection of the Laboratório de Entomologia of the Núcleo de Biotecnologia Agronômica, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão.

As osteodistrofias do osso temporal podem se manifestar de diversas maneiras, como envolvimento restrito ao osso temporal ou com envolvimento de outros ossos do crânio ou ainda fazerem parte de uma manifestação sistêmica. Consideramos, em nosso trabalho, duas entidades como osteodistofias raras, a osteopetrose e a doença de Camurati-Engelmann, esta última de incidência extremamente rara, com poucos relatos na literatura. Apresentamos dois casos de osteopetrose em sua forma benigna (doença de Albers-Schöenberg), um paciente de 11 anos e outro de 48 anos, ambos do sexo masculino, e um paciente de 28 anos do sexo feminino com a doença de Camurati-Engelmann (displasia diafisária hereditária progressiva), doenças hereditárias autossômicas que apresentam sintomas diversos. A paralisia facial periférica se manifestou em dois dos nossos pacientes. Discutimos alguns aspectos relacionados às manifestações clínicas destas doenças, achados radiológicos, assim como o diagnóstico diferencial e a conduta terapêutica diante de complicações das doenças. Temporal bone osteodysplasia can produce many different symptoms, such as involvement restricted to the temporal bone or impairment of other bones. We consider, in this study two entities that are rare osteodysplasia cases, which are osteopetrosis and Camurati-Engelmann disease, the latter being extremely rare. We present two cases of benign form of osteopetrosis (Albers-Schulenburg's disease), a patient of 11 years old and another one of 48 years old, both male, and a patient of 28 years old, female, with Camurati-Engelmann's disease. The facial palsy was a manifestation in two of the patients. We discuss some aspects about the clinical manifestations, radiological findings, as well as differential diagnostic and therapy in view of the complications of the diseases.

Os tumores glômicos, também chamados de paragangliomas, são formados por células não cromafins. O tumor é tipicamente vascular formado por vasos capilares e pré-capilares, interposto por células epiteliais. Para a sua abordagem inicial, deve-se ressaltar que os sintomas mais comumentes encontrados são o zumbido pulsátil e hipoacusia. A investigação através de imagem (tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética) se faz necessária. Apresentaremos neste trabalho 5 pacientes portadores de paragangliomas timpânicos atendidos no Hospital (de 1995 a 2001). O sexo predominante foi o feminino, a idade variou de 48 a 60 anos, com média de 50 anos. A queixa predominante foi o zumbido pulsátil e a hipoacusia. A conduta foi cirúrgica em todos os casos. Glomus tumors, also called paragangliomas, originate from nonchromaffin cells. The tumor is typically vascular and grows from capillary and pre-capillary vessels in-between epithelial cells. It is worth mentioning that the most common symptoms are pulsating tinnitus and hearing loss. Imaging studies (CT and MRI) are necessary for diagnosis. This paper shows five patients seen at the Hospital between 1995 and 2001 presenting glomus tympanicum. Women were most commonly affected, and the age ranged from 48 to 60 years (mean age of 50 years). The most common complaints were pulsating tinnitus and hearing loss. All patients were treated surgically.

Os tumores glômicos, também chamados de paragangliomas, são formados por células não cromafins. O tumor é tipicamente vascular formado por vasos capilares e pré-capilares, interposto por células epiteliais. Para a sua abordagem inicial, deve-se ressaltar que os sintomas mais comumentes encontrados são o zumbido pulsátil e hipoacusia. A investigação através de imagem (tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética) se faz necessária. Apresentaremos neste trabalho 5 pacientes portadores de paragangliomas timpânicos atendidos no Hospital (de 1995 a 2001). O sexo predominante foi o feminino, a idade variou de 48 a 60 anos, com média de 50 anos. A queixa predominante foi o zumbido pulsátil e a hipoacusia. A conduta foi cirúrgica em todos os casos.

A mímica facial é fundamental para a expressão e comunicação humana, que são possíveis apenas através da integridade do nervo facial. Sendo assim, a paralisia facial periférica (PFP) pode deixar seqüelas estéticas, funcionais e psicológicas. A causa mais comum é a paralisia de Bell (50 a 80%), onde a maioria dos pacientes apresenta manifestação unilateral. O acometimento bilateral simultâneo é raro, sendo a leucemia a neoplasia que com maior freqüência pode resultar nesse tipo de manifestação. A seguir, relatamos o caso de um paciente de dezoito anos de idade apresentando leucemia linfóide aguda (LLA) e PFP simultânea, ambas refratárias ao tratamento quimioterápico, culminando com o óbito cinco meses após o início da PFP. Realizou-se considerações importantes sobre a fisiopatologia da PFP na LLA, além de uma revisão da literatura. The facial mimic is very important to the human expression and communication, which depend on the integrity of the facial nerve. So, the peripheric facial palsy (PFP) can leave esthetics, functional and psychological sequelae. The more common etiology is Bell's palsy (50 to 80%) and most of the patients show a unilateral manifestation. The simultaneous bilateral PFP is rare, and the leukemia is the neoplasia that can often that kind of manifestation. We present a clinical case of an 18-year-old patient with acute lymphoid leukemia and simultaneous bilateral facial palsy, who did not recover after the chemotherapy treatment, and died five months after the initial manifestation of the facial palsy. Important considerations were accomplished about the physiopathology of PFP in acute lymphoid leukemia, besides literature review.