Author: "José R Banegas" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"José R Banegas"' showing total 463 results

Start Over Author "José R Banegas"

463 results on '"José R Banegas"'

1. Growth differentiation factor 15 and malnutrition in older adults

Author: Nazanin Rostami, Blanca Fabre-Estremera, Antonio Buño-Soto, José R Banegas, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, and Rosario Ortolá
Subjects: GDF-15, Malnutrition, Older adults, MNA, IL-6, Cohort study, Internal medicine, RC31-1245
Abstract: Objectives: Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) levels increase due to systemic inflammation and chronic disease burden. Since these biological processes are pathogenic factors of malnutrition, we examined the prospective association between GDF-15 serum levels and subsequent malnutrition in older adults. Methods: We used data from 723 women and 735 men aged ≥65 years [mean age (SD): 71.3 (4.18) years] participating in the Seniors-ENRICA-2 cohort, who were followed-up for 2.2 years. Malnutrition was assessed with the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short form (MNA-SF), where a 12–14 score indicates normal nutritional status, an 8–11 score indicates at risk of malnutrition, and a 0–7 score malnutrition. Associations of GDF-15 and malnutrition were analyzed, separately in women and men, using linear and logistic regression and adjusted for the main potential confounders. Results: The mean (SD) MNA-SF score at baseline was 13.2 (1.34) for women and 13.5 (1.13) for men. Incident malnutrition (combined endpoint “at risk of malnutrition or malnutrition”) over 2.2 years was identified in 55 (9.7%) of women and 38 (5.4%) of men. In women, GDF-15 was linearly associated with a decrease in the MNA-SF score; mean differences (95% confidence interval) in the MNA-SF score were −0.07 (−0.13; −0.01) points per 25% increase in GDF-15, and −0.49 (−0.83; −0.16) for the highest versus lowest quartile of GDF-15. Also in women, GDF-15 was linearly associated with a higher malnutrition incidence, with odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.24 (1.06; 1.46) per 25% increment in GDF-15 and of 3.05 (1.21; 7.65) for the highest versus lowest quartile of GDF-15. Results were similar after excluding subjects with cardiovascular disease and diabetes. No association of GDF-15 with changes in MNA score or malnutrition incidence was found in men. Conclusion: Higher serum GDF-15 concentrations are associated with worsening nutritional status in older women. Further studies should elucidate the reasons for the sex differences in this association and explore the therapeutic potential of modifying GDF-15 to prevent malnutrition.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

2. Recomendaciones preventivas vasculares. Actualización PAPPS 2024

Author: Domingo Orozco-Beltrán, Carlos Brotons-Cuixart, José R. Banegas, Vicente F. Gil-Guillen, Ana M. Cebrián-Cuenca, Enrique Martín-Rioboó, Ariana Jordá-Baldó, Johanna Vicuña, and Jorge Navarro-Pérez
Subjects: Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity, Hypertension, Dyslipidemias, Primary Health Care, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Resumen: Se presentan las recomendaciones del Programa de Actividades Preventivas y Promoción de la Salud (PAPPS) de la Sociedad Española de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria (semFYC), para la prevención de las enfermedades vasculares (EV). Como novedad en esta edición se incluyen nuevos apartados como obesidad, enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) y esteatosis hepática metabólica; además de un apartado «No hacer» en las diferentes patologías tratadas. Se han actualizado los apartados: Revisión epidemiológica, donde se describe la morbimortalidad vascular actual en España y su evolución y los principales factores de riesgo, riesgo vascular (RV) y recomendaciones para el cálculo del RV, factores de riesgo mayores como hipertensión arterial (HTA), dislipidemia y diabetes mellitus (DM), describiendo el método para su diagnóstico, los objetivos terapéuticos y las recomendaciones de medidas de estilo de vida y de tratamiento farmacológico, indicaciones de antiagregación y recomendaciones para el cribado de la fibrilación auricular (FA), así como para el manejo del paciente crónico. Para las principales recomendaciones se incluyen tablas específicas que recogen la calidad de la evidencia y la fuerza de la recomendación. Abstract: The recommendations of the semFYC's Program for Preventive Activities and Health Promotion (PAPPS) for the prevention of vascular diseases (VD) are presented. New in this edition are new sections such as obesity, chronic kidney disease and metabolic hepatic steatosis, as well as a ‘Don’t Do’ section in the different pathologies treated. The sections have been updated: epidemiological review, where the current morbidity and mortality of CVD in Spain and its evolution as well as the main risk factors are described; vascular risk (VR) and recommendations for the calculation of CV risk; main risk factors such as arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus, describing the method for their diagnosis, therapeutic objectives and recommendations for lifestyle measures and pharmacological treatment; indications for antiplatelet therapy, and recommendations for screening of atrial fibrillation, and recommendations for management of chronic conditions. The quality of testing and the strength of the recommendation are included in the main recommendations.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

3. Mediterranean Diet and Health-Related Quality of Life in Two Cohorts of Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Author: Raúl F Pérez-Tasigchana, Luz M León-Muñoz, Esther López-García, José R Banegas, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, and Pilar Guallar-Castillón
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: IntroductionIn older adults, the Mediterranean diet is associated with lower risk of chronic diseases, but its association with health-related quality of life (HRQL) is still uncertain. This study assessed the association between the Mediterranean diet and HRQL in 2 prospective cohorts of individuals aged ≥60 years in Spain.MethodsThe UAM-cohort (n = 2376) was selected in 2000/2001 and followed-up through 2003. At baseline, diet was collected with a food frequency questionnaire, which was used to develop an 8-item index of Mediterranean diet (UAM-MDP). The Seniors-ENRICA cohort (n = 1911) was recruited in 2008/2010 and followed-up through 2012. At baseline, a diet history was used to obtain food consumption. Mediterranean diet adherence was measured with the PREDIMED score and the Trichopoulou's Mediterranean Diet Score (MSD). HRQL was assessed, at baseline and at the end of follow-up, with the physical and mental component summaries (PCS and MCS) of the SF-36 questionnaire in the UAM-cohort, and the SF-12v.2 questionnaire in the Seniors-ENRICA cohort. Analyses were conducted with linear regression, and adjusted for the main confounders including baseline HRQL.ResultsIn the UAM-cohort, no significant associations between the UAM-MDP and the PCS or the MCS were found. In the Seniors-ENRICA cohort, a higher PREDIMED score was associated with a slightly better PCS; when compared with the lowest tertile of PREDIMED score, the beta coefficient (95% confidence interval) for PCS was 0.55 (-0.48 to 1.59) in the second tertile, and 1.34 (0.21 to 2.47) in the highest tertile. However, the PREDIMED score was non-significantly associated with a better MCS score. The MSD did not show an association with either the PCS or the MCS.ConclusionsNo clinically relevant association was found between the Mediterranean diet and HRQL in older adults in Spain.
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

4. Correction: Mediterranean Diet and Health-Related Quality of Life in Two Cohorts of Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Author: Raúl F Pérez-Tasigchana, Luz M León-Muñoz, Esther López-García, José R Banegas, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, and Pilar Guallar-Castillón
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151596.].
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

5. Low rates of both lipid-lowering therapy use and achievement of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol targets in individuals at high-risk for cardiovascular disease across Europe.

Author: Julian P Halcox, Florence Tubach, Esther Lopez-Garcia, Guy De Backer, Claudio Borghi, Jean Dallongeville, Eliseo Guallar, Jesús Medina, Joep Perk, Ogün Sazova, Stephen Sweet, Carine Roy, José R Banegas, and Fernando Rodriguez-Artalejo
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: AIMS:To analyse the treatment and control of dyslipidaemia in patients at high and very high cardiovascular risk being treated for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Europe. METHODS AND RESULTS:Data were assessed from the European Study on Cardiovascular Risk Prevention and Management in Usual Daily Practice (EURIKA, ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00882336), which included a randomly sampled population of primary CVD prevention patients from 12 European countries (n = 7641). Patients' 10-year risk of CVD-related mortality was calculated using the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) algorithm, identifying 5019 patients at high cardiovascular risk (SCORE ≥5% and/or receiving lipid-lowering therapy), and 2970 patients at very high cardiovascular risk (SCORE ≥10% or with diabetes mellitus). Among high-risk individuals, 65.3% were receiving lipid-lowering therapy, and 61.3% of treated patients had uncontrolled low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (≥2.5 mmol/L). For very-high-risk patients (uncontrolled LDL-C levels defined as ≥1.8 mmol/L) these figures were 49.5% and 82.9%, respectively. Excess 10-year risk of CVD-related mortality (according to SCORE) attributable to lack of control of dyslipidaemia was estimated to be 0.72% and 1.61% among high-risk and very-high-risk patients, respectively. Among high-risk individuals with uncontrolled LDL-C levels, only 8.7% were receiving a high-intensity statin (atorvastatin ≥40 mg/day or rosuvastatin ≥20 mg/day). Among very-high-risk patients, this figure was 8.4%. CONCLUSIONS:There is a considerable opportunity for improvement in rates of lipid-lowering therapy use and achievement of lipid-level targets in high-risk and very-high-risk patients being treated for primary CVD prevention in Europe.
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

6. Achievement of cardiometabolic goals among diabetic patients in Spain. A nationwide population-based study.

Author: Beatriz Navarro-Vidal, José R Banegas, Luz M León-Muñoz, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, and Auxiliadora Graciani
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: BACKGROUND: No previous study has reported a comprehensive assessment of the attainment of cardiometabolic goals in the diabetic population of a European country. We examined the achievement of cardiometabolic goals among diabetics in Spain. METHODS AND FINDINGS: A cross-sectional survey was performed in 2008-2010 among 12,077 individuals representative of the Spanish population aged ≥18 years. Information on cardiometabolic characteristics was collected at the participants' homes through structured questionnaires, physical examination, and fasting blood samples. Attainment of cardiometabolic goals was evaluated according to the most well-known guidelines. A total of 834 individuals had diabetes (fasting serum glucose ≥126 mg/dl, or glycosylated hemoglobin ≥6.5%,) or were being treated with oral antidiabetic drugs or insulin). Among diabetic patients, 661 (79.2%) were aware of their condition. Among the aware diabetic patients, only 11.4% had neither general (body mass index
Published: 2013
Full Text: View/download PDF

7. The diet of diabetic patients in Spain in 2008-2010: accordance with the main dietary recommendations--a cross-sectional study.

Author: Maritza Muñoz-Pareja, Luz M León-Muñoz, Pilar Guallar-Castillón, Auxiliadora Graciani, Esther López-García, José R Banegas, and Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: BackgroundNo previous study has assessed the diet of the diabetic patients in the general population of an entire country in Europe. This study evaluates accordance of the diet of diabetic adults in Spain with nutritional recommendations of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), American Diabetes Association (ADA), and the Mediterranean diet (MD).Methods and findingsCross-sectional study conducted in 2008-2010 among 12,948 persons representative of the population aged ≥18 years in Spain. Usual food consumption was assessed with a dietary history. EASD accordance was defined as ≥6 points on a score of 12 nutritional goals, ADA accordance as ≥3 points on a score of 6 goals, and MD accordance as ≥7 points on the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener. In the 609 diagnosed diabetic individuals, the diet was rich in saturated fat (11.2% of total energy), but trans fat intake was relatively low (1.1% energy) and monounsaturated fat intake was high (16.1% energy). Carbohydrate intake was relatively low (41.1% energy), but sugar intake was high (16.9% energy). Intake of cholesterol (322 mg/day) and sodium (3.1 g/day) was also high, while fiber intake was insufficient (23.8 g/day). EASD accordance was observed in 48.7% diabetic patients, ADA accordance in 46.3%, and MD accordance in 57.4%. The frequency of EASD, ADA and MD accordance was not statistically different between diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetic individuals.ConclusionsOnly about half of diabetic patients in Spain have a diet that is consistent with the major dietary recommendations. The lack of dietary differences between diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetic individuals reflects deficiencies in diabetes management.
Published: 2012
Full Text: View/download PDF

8. Physician perception of blood pressure control and treatment behavior in high-risk hypertensive patients: a cross-sectional study.

Author: José R Banegas, Krista Lundelin, Mariano de la Figuera, Juan J de la Cruz, Auxiliadora Graciani, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, and Juan García Puig
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: We examined physician perception of blood pressure control and treatment behavior in patients with previous cardiovascular disease and uncontrolled hypertension as defined by European Guidelines. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in which 321 primary care physicians throughout Spain consecutively studied 1,614 patients aged ≥18 years who had been diagnosed and treated for hypertension (blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg), and had suffered a documented cardiovascular event. The mean value of three blood pressure measurements taken using standardized procedures was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Mean blood pressure was 143.4/84.9 mmHg, and only 11.6% of these cardiovascular patients were controlled according to 2007 European Guidelines for Hypertension Management target of
Published: 2011
Full Text: View/download PDF

9. Associations of device‐measured sleep, sedentariness and physical activity with growth differentiation factor 15 in older adults

Author: Rosario Ortolá, Esther García‐Esquinas, Antonio Buño‐Soto, Verónica Cabanas‐Sánchez, David Martínez‐Gómez, Mercedes Sotos‐Prieto, Ellen A. Struijk, Francisco Félix Caballero, Esther Lopez‐Garcia, José R. Banegas, and Fernando Rodríguez‐Artalejo
Subjects: GDF‐15, Physical activity, Sedentary behaviours, Isotemporal substitution, Older adults, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935, Human anatomy, QM1-695
Abstract: Abstract Background Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF‐15) is a biomarker for chronic disease burden that might explain the health effects of sedentary behaviours (SBs) and physical activity (PA). We examined associations of device‐measured sleep, SB and PA, and time reallocations among them, with GDF‐15 in older adults. Methods We used data from 2245 older adults participating in the Seniors‐ENRICA‐2 study. Wrist‐worn accelerometers were employed to ascertain total time in sleep, SB, light PA (LPA) and moderate‐to vigorous PA (MVPA). Associations between these activities and serum GDF‐15 levels were analysed using linear regression, including isotemporal substitution models for time reallocations among activities, and adjusted for potential confounders. Analyses were conducted separately in two groups (less active and more active individuals) according to the median total PA time. Results In the less active participants, 30 min/day more of MVPA were related to lower levels of GDF‐15 when replacing sleep (fully adjusted mean percentage differences [95% confidence interval] in GDF‐15 of −9.2% [−13.2, −5.0]), SB (−9.8% [−13.6, −5.8]) and LPA (−5.8% [−11.1, −0.3]), whereas 30 min/day more of LPA were related to lower GDF‐15 when replacing both sleep (−3.6% [−6.1, −1.0]) and SB (−4.2% [−6.7, −1.7]). In the more active participants, 30 min/day more of MVPA were also associated with lower GDF‐15 when replacing sleep (−2.9% [−5.3, −0.3]), SB (−2.4% [−4.6, −0.2]) and LPA (−3.5% [−6.6, −0.3]), but no associations were found for more time in LPA. Spending more time in SB was associated with higher GDF‐15 levels only among those less active (1.9% [0.9, 2.9] per 30 min/day increment). Sleep time did not appear to be associated with GDF‐15. Conclusions The MVPA was inversely associated with GDF‐15, with stronger associations at lower PA volumes. Also, more LPA and less SB time were linked to lower GDF‐15 in the less active individuals. This suggests that simply moving more and sitting less may reduce chronic disease burden in older adults.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

10. Proinflammatory dietary pattern and depression risk in older adults: Prospective analyses from the Seniors-ENRICA studies

Author: Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni, Rosario Ortolá, Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, Rubén Fernández-Rodríguez, José R. Banegas, Esther Lopez-Garcia, and Arthur Eumann Mesas
Subjects: Male, Inflammation, Depressive Disorder, Major, Nutrition and Dietetics, Depression, Humans, Female, Prospective Studies, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Exercise, Aged, Diet
Abstract: Only a few studies have assessed the association between a proinflammatory diet and the risk of depression in older adults, and they have rendered weak results. The present study analysed the association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and incident self-reported diagnosis or symptoms of depression in two cohorts of community-dwelling older adults in Spain.We used data from the Seniors-ENRICA-I (SE-I) and Seniors-ENRICA-II (SE-II) cohorts. In both cohorts, the baseline DII was calculated from habitual food consumption estimated with a validated computer-based diet history. The incidence of both physician self-reported diagnosis of depression and mild-to-major depressive symptoms (≥3 on the 10-item Geriatric Depression Scale) was analysed. Logistic regression models were adjusted for the main potential confounders, such as sociodemographics, lifestyles, and comorbidities. The results of both cohorts were pooled using a random effects model.Among the 1627 participants in SE-I (mean age 71.5 ± 5.5 y, 53.1% women) and the 1579 in SE-II (mean age 71.4 ± 4.2, 46.7% women), 86 (5.3%) and 140 (8.9%) incident cases of depression were identified after a mean 3.2-y and 2.3-y follow-up, respectively. The fully adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of incident depression for the highest (the highest proinflammatory diet) versus the lowest quartile of DII was 2.76 (1.25-6.08, p-for-trend = 0.005) in the SE-I, 1.90 (1.04-3.40, p-for-trend = 0.005) in the SE-II and 2.07 (1.01-3.13) in the pooled cohorts. The results were consistent across strata defined by sex, age, physical activity, loneliness/poor social network, and morbidity.A proinflammatory dietary pattern is associated with depression risk in older adults. Future research should evaluate whether reducing the inflammatory component of diet leads to reduced depression symptoms in this population.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

11. Fish consumption, omega-3 fatty acid intake, and risk of pain: the Seniors-ENRICA-1 cohort

Author: Adrián Carballo-Casla, Esther García-Esquinas, José R. Banegas, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, and Rosario Ortolá
Subjects: Nutrition and Dietetics, Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Docosahexaenoic Acids, Seafood, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Fishes, Animals, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Diet
Abstract: Omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory and analgesic (anti-nociceptive) actions. However, the relation of habitual omega-3 fatty acid intake and fish consumption - its main food source - with pain remains largely unknown. We examined the association of fish consumption and marine omega-3 fatty acid intake with pain incidence and worsening over 5 years among older adults.Data were taken from the Seniors - ENRICA-1 cohort, which included 950 individuals aged ≥60 years in Spain. Habitual fish consumption and marine omega-3 fatty acid intake during the previous year were assessed in 2008-2010 and 2012 with a validated diet history. Pain was assessed in 2012 and 2017 with a scale developed from the Survey on Chronic Pain in Europe, ranging from 0 (no pain) to 6 (highest pain), according to its severity, frequency, and number of locations. Analyses on pain incidence were conducted in the 524 participants free of pain at baseline, while those on pain worsening were performed in the overall cohort, and both were adjusted for sociodemographic variables, lifestyle, morbidity, and diet quality.Higher oily fish consumption was associated with reduced pain incidence and worsening over 5 years [fully adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) = 0.68 (0.50,0.94) and 0.70 (0.55,0.88) for every 25 g/day increment (1.5 servings/week), respectively]. Total and white fish consumption were not associated with pain. Higher marine omega-3 fatty acid intake was inversely associated with pain worsening [odds ratio (95% confidence interval) per 0.5 g/day increment = 0.83 (0.72,0.96)]. The corresponding associations for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were 0.53 (0.33,0.87) and 0.73 (0.57,0.94).In this cohort of Spanish older adults, increased oily fish consumption was inversely associated with pain incidence and worsening over 5 years, while higher marine omega-3 fatty acid intake (and that of EPA and DHA) was linked to less pain worsening.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

12. Mortality in Elderly Patients Taking Furosemide: Prospective Cohorts Study

Author: Alejandro Rodríguez-Molinero, Antonio Miñarro, Leire Narvaiza, César Gálvez-Barrón, Natalia Gonzalo León, Esther Valldosera, Eva De Mingo, Oscar Macho, David Aivar, Efren Pinzón, Adilis Alba, Jorge Passarelli, Nadia Stasi, Isabel Collado, and José R. Banegas
Subjects: Article Subject, Internal Medicine
Abstract: Objectives. Low blood pressure (BP) has been proposed as a risk factor of death in elderly patients. However, this association could be partially accounted for by the deleterious effects of BP-lowering drugs. We analyzed whether these drugs are associated to an increased risk of death in elderly patients taking multiple potential confounders into account. Design. This is a prospective cohort study. Setting and Participants. Probabilistic sample of 772 community-dwelling patients aged >65 years living in Spain, who were appointed for an initial clinical visit and followed up through telephone calls 4, 6, 9, 12, and 60 months afterwards. Methods. At baseline visit, BP was measured using standardized methods, and BP medications and risk factors of death in elderly patients (BMI, oxygen saturation, toxic habits, comorbidity, muscular strength, and functional and cognitive capacity) were collected. During the follow-up, the vital status of patients and the date of death were ascertained. Results. During a median 5-year follow-up, 226 all-cause deaths occurred among the 686 participants included in the analysis. In a Cox regression model that included all the BP drug classes, diuretics and nitrites were significantly associated with mortality ( p < 0.005 ). Within diuretics, furosemide was found to be responsible for the association of the group. In multivariable Cox regression models adjusted for BP and the rest of the mortality risk factors, furosemide remained as the only BP drug that was independently associated with mortality (hazard ratio 2.34; p < 0.01 ). Conclusions. Furosemide was prospectively associated with increased mortality in older people. If confirmed, this drug should be taken into account by prescribers and considered a confounder in BP studies.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

13. Prospective Association Between Plasma Concentrations of Fatty Acids and Other Lipids, and Multimorbidity in Older Adults

Author: Francisco Félix Caballero, Alberto Lana, Ellen A Struijk, Lucía Arias-Fernández, Humberto Yévenes-Briones, Juan Cárdenas-Valladolid, Miguel Ángel Salinero-Fort, José R Banegas, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, and Esther Lopez-Garcia
Subjects: Aging, Geriatrics and Gerontology
Abstract: Biological mechanisms that lead to multimorbidity are mostly unknown, and metabolomic profiles are promising to explain different pathways in the aging process. The aim of this study was to assess the prospective association between plasma fatty acids and other lipids, and multimorbidity in older adults. Data were obtained from the Spanish Seniors-ENRICA 2 cohort, comprising non-institutionalized adults ≥65 years old. Blood samples were obtained at baseline and after a two-year follow-up period for a total of 1488 subjects. Morbidity was also collected at baseline and end of the follow-up from electronic health records. Multimorbidity was defined as a quantitative score, after weighting morbidities (from a list of 60 mutually exclusive chronic conditions) by their regression coefficients on physical functioning. Generalized estimating equation models were employed to assess the longitudinal association between fatty acids and other lipids, and multimorbidity, and stratified analyses by diet quality, measured with the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010, were also conducted. Among study participants, higher concentrations of omega-6 fatty acids [coef. per 1-SD increase (95% CI) = -0.76 (-1.23, -0.30)], phosphoglycerides [-1.26 (-1.77, -0.74)], total cholines [-1.48 (-1.99, -0.96)], phosphatidylcholines [-1.23 (-1.74, -0.71)], and sphingomyelins [-1.65 (-2.12, -1.18)], were associated with lower multimorbidity scores. The strongest associations were observed for those with a higher diet quality. Higher plasma concentrations of omega-6 fatty acids, phosphoglycerides, total cholines, phosphatidylcholines, and sphingomyelins were prospectively associated with lower multimorbidity in older adults, while diet quality could modulate the associations found. These lipids may serve as risk markers for multimorbidity.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

14. A simple score to screen for isolated ambulatory hypertension in older adults. Development and validation

Author: Esther García-Esquinas, Juan J. de la Cruz, Esther Lopez-Garcia, José R. Banegas, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, Auxiliadora Graciani, Pilar Guallar-Castillón, Mercedes Sánchez-Martínez, Rosario Ortolá, Ana Hernández-Aceituno, and Juan García-Puig
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Ambulatory blood pressure, business.industry, Internal medicine, Ambulatory, Cohort, Medicine, Mean age, Derivation, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Introduction and objectives Masked or isolated ambulatory hypertension (IAH), a poor-prognosis condition, can be diagnosed with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), but ABPM is not available in many clinical practices. We developed and validated a score to screen for IAH among older adults, where limited information is available. Methods A total of 645 community-dwelling adults ≥ 65 years from the Seniors-ENRICA-2 cohort (derivation sample) and 327 from the Seniors-ENRICA-1 cohort (external-validation sample), with untreated casual BP Results Participants’ mean age was 70.8 years (46.7% men); 19.7% had IAH. Allocated score-points were: male sex (1 point), age ≥ 80 (2 points), body-mass index (2 points if 25–29; 3 if ≥30 kg/m2), the first BP measurement (2 points if ≥140/90 mmHg), and the mean of the second and third BP (2 points if 120–129/80–84; 4 if 130–139/85–89). Probabilities of having IAH for scores of 6, 7, 8, 9, or ≥10 points were 25%, 35%, 47%, 59%, and 72%, respectively. Area-under-the-ROC curve was 0.80 for the derivation and 0.73 for the validation-sample. Two subjects at high risk of IAH (>8 points) and 3 at middle risk (≥6) needed to undergo ABPM to detect 1 IAH case. Conclusions A simple score with 4 routine variables performed well identifying IAH in older adults. For high scores, using ABPM for diagnosing IAH was very size-efficient.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

15. Duration and Quality of Sleep and Risk of Self-reported Hearing Loss: The UK Biobank Study

Author: Humberto Yévenes-Briones, Francisco Félix Caballero, Daniela B. Estrada-deLeón, Ellen A. Struijk, Arthur Eumann Mesas, José R. Banegas, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, and Esther Lopez-García
Subjects: Speech and Hearing, Otorhinolaryngology
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

16. Adherence to a Healthy Beverage Score Is Associated with Lower Frailty Risk in Older Adults

Author: Ligia J. Dominguez, Carolina Donat-Vargas, José R. Banegas, Mario Barbagallo, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, and Pilar Guallar-Castillón
Subjects: Male, Nutrition and Dietetics, aging, frailty, healthy beverages, prospective cohort, ENRICA study, Frailty, Tea, Middle Aged, Coffee, Beverages, Sweetening Agents, Humans, Female, Prospective Studies, Food Science, Aged
Abstract: Many beverages include bioactive components and energy but are frequently not considered in diet quality estimations. We examined the association of a healthy beverage score (HBS) with incident frailty in older adults from the Seniors-ENRICA-1 cohort. We used data from 1900 participants (mean ± SD age 68.7 ± 6.4 years, 51.7% women), recruited in 2008–2010 and followed-up until 2012 assessing food consumption at baseline with a validated diet history. The HBS was higher for increasing consumption of low fat milk, tea/coffee, lower consumption of whole milk, fruit juice, artificially sweetened beverages, sugar-sweetened beverages, and moderate intake of alcohol. Frailty was considered as having ≥3 criteria: exhaustion, low-physical activity, slow gait speed, weakness, and weight loss. We performed logistic regression analyses adjusted for potential confounders. During a 3.5 y mean follow-up, 136 new cases of frailty occurred. Compared to the lowest sex-specific HBS tertile, the fully adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of frailty was 0.59 (0.38, 0.92) in the intermediate tertile, and 0.52 (0.31, 0.88) in the highest tertile, p trend = 0.007. Results for slow gait speed were 0.79 (0.58, 1.07) and 0.71 (0.51–0.99), p trend = 0.033. Therefore, adherence to HBS was inversely associated with incident frailty and slow gait speed. HBS can help on the beverage quality evaluation, highlighting beverage importance as contributors to diet and to health.
Published: 2022

17. Prospective Association Between Plasma Amino Acids And Multimorbidity In Older Adults

Author: Francisco Félix Caballero, Alberto Lana, Ellen A Struijk, Lucía Arias-Fernández, Humberto Yévenes-Briones, Juan Cárdenas-Valladolid, Miguel Ángel Salinero-Fort, José R Banegas, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, and Esther Lopez-Garcia
Subjects: Aging, Geriatrics and Gerontology
Abstract: Background Some amino acids have been associated with aging-related disorders and risk of physical impairment. The aim of this study was to assess the association between plasma concentrations of 9 amino acids, including branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, and multimorbidity. Methods This research uses longitudinal data from the Seniors-ENRICA 2 study, a population-based cohort from Spain that comprises noninstitutionalized adults older than 65. Blood samples were extracted at baseline and after a follow-up period of 2 years for a total of 1 488 subjects. Participants’ information was linked with electronic health records. Chronic diseases were grouped into a list of 60 mutually exclusive conditions. A quantitative measure of multimorbidity, weighting morbidities by their regression coefficients on physical functioning, was employed and ranged from 0 to 100. Generalized estimating equation models were used to explore the relationship between plasma amino acids and multimorbidity, adjusting for sociodemographics, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle behaviors. Results The mean age of participants at baseline was 73.6 (SD = 4.2) years, 49.6% were women. Higher concentrations of glutamine (coef. per mmol/l [95% confidence interval] = 10.1 [3.7, 16.6]), isoleucine (50.3 [21.7, 78.9]), and valine (15.5 [3.1, 28.0]) were significantly associated with higher multimorbidity scores, after adjusting for potential confounders. Body mass index could have influenced the relationship between isoleucine and multimorbidity (p = .016). Conclusions Amino acids could play a role in regulating aging-related diseases. Glutamine and branched-chain amino acids as isoleucine and valine are prospectively associated and could serve as risk markers for multimorbidity in older adults.
Published: 2022

18. General and central obesity operate differently as predictors of falls requiring medical care in older women: a population-based cohort study in Spain

Author: José R. Banegas, Carolina Donat-Vargas, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, Helena Sandoval-Insausti, Pilar Guallar-Castillón, and Ygor Hermenegildo-López
Subjects: Aging, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, Poison control, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Overweight, Body Mass Index, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Humans, Medicine, Obesity, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective cohort study, education, Abdominal obesity, Aged, education.field_of_study, business.industry, General Medicine, Odds ratio, Spain, Obesity, Abdominal, Cohort, Accidental Falls, Female, Waist Circumference, Geriatrics and Gerontology, medicine.symptom, business, Body mass index
Abstract: Objectives to examine the association of general and abdominal obesity with falls, falls requiring medical care and falls with fractures in older women. Design a population-based prospective cohort of 1,185 women aged ≥60 in Spain, followed up from 2008 to 2010 through 2012. Measures weight, height and waist circumference were measured at baseline using standardised techniques. Participants were classified according to body mass index as normal weight (88 cm. In 2012, participants reported the falls experienced in the previous year. Logistic regression models were mutually adjusted for general and abdominal obesity and for main confounders. Results in this cohort of older women, a total of 336 women experienced falls, 168 of them had falls requiring medical care and 64 falls with fractures. For falls, no association was found with general obesity nor abdominal obesity. However, compared with normal weight, overweight women had a decreased risk for falls requiring medical care [odds ratio (OR) 0.57; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34–0.94] and for falls with fractures (OR 0.27; 95% CI 0.12–0.63). The corresponding values for general obesity were 0.44 (0.24–0.81) and 0.30 (0.11–0.82). Abdominal obesity was positively associated with falls requiring medical care (OR 1.82; 95% CI 1.12–2.94) and falls with fractures (OR 2.75; 95% CI 1.18–6.44). Conclusions in older women, general obesity may protect from falls requiring medical care and falls with fractures. On the contrary, abdominal obesity increased the risk of suffering from types of falls.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

19. Prevalence of office and ambulatory hypotension in treated hypertensive patients with coronary disease

Author: José R. Banegas, Ernest Vinyoles, Juan J. de la Cruz, Carlos Escobar-Cervantes, Manuel Gorostidi, Julian Segura, Luis M. Ruilope, J A Divisón-Garrote, Alejandro de la Sierra, and Vivencio Barrios
Subjects: Male, Diastolic hypotension, medicine.medical_specialty, Ambulatory blood pressure, Physiology, Enfermedad cardiovascular, Diastole, Blood Pressure, Comorbidity, Coronary Artery Disease, Cardiología, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Coronary disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Hipertensión, Prevalence, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Registries, 030212 general & internal medicine, Adverse effect, Antihypertensive Agents, Aged, Sistema cardiovascular, business.industry, Middle Aged, Coronary heart disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, Blood pressure, Hypertension, Ambulatory, Cardiology, Female, Hypotension, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) can be particularly susceptible to the adverse effects of excessive blood pressure (BP) lowering by antihypertensive treatment. The identification of hypotension is thus especially important. This study estimated the prevalence of hypotension among CHD-treated hypertensive patients undergoing ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in routine clinical practice. We performed a cross-sectional study with 2892 CHD-treated hypertensive patients from the Spanish ABPM Registry. Based on previous studies, hypotension was defined as systolic/diastolic BP
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

20. Twenty four‐hour activity cycle in older adults using wrist‐worn accelerometers: The seniors‐ENRICA‐2 study

Author: Jairo H. Migueles, Auxiliadora Graciani, David Martínez-Gómez, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, Verónica Cabanas-Sánchez, Irene Esteban-Cornejo, and José R. Banegas
Subjects: Activity Cycles, Male, Activities of daily living, Population, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Wearable Electronic Devices, Accelerometry, Humans, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, education, Exercise, Aged, computer.programming_language, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, business.industry, sed, Sedentary behavior, medicine.disease, Obesity, Cohort, Activity cycle, Female, Sedentary Behavior, Sleep, business, human activities, Body mass index, computer, Demography
Abstract: Objectives This study aimed: (a) to provide a detailed description of sleep, sedentary behavior (SED), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) over the complete 24-hours period using raw acceleration data in older adults; and (b) to examine the differences in the 24-hours activity cycle by sex, age, education, and body mass index (BMI). Methods Population-based cohort comprising 3273 community-dwelling individuals (1739 women), aged 71.8 ± 4.5 years, participating in the Seniors-ENRICA-2 study. Participants wore a wrist-worn ActiGraph GT9X accelerometer for 7 consecutive days, and the raw signal was processed using the R-package GGIR. Results Participants reached 21.5 mg as mean acceleration over the whole day; 32.3% (7.7 h/d) of time was classified as sleep, 53.2% (12.7 h/d) as SED, 10.4% (148.6 min/d) as LPA, and 4.1% (59.0 min/d) as MVPA. No marked differences were found in sleep-related variables between socio-demographic and BMI groups. However, women showed higher LPA but lower SED and MVPA than men. Moreover, SED increased whereas LPA and MVPA decreased with age. Participants with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 ) accumulated more SED and less LPA and MVPA than those without obesity. As expected, adherence to physical activity recommendations varied widely (9.2%-76.6%) depending on the criterion of MVPA accumulation. Conclusion Objective assessment of the 24-hour activity cycle provides extensive characterization of daily activities distribution in older adults and may inform health-promotion interventions in this population. Women, the oldest old, and those with obesity offer relevant targets of strategies to improve lifestyle patterns.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

21. Only virgin type of olive oil consumption reduces the risk of mortality. Results from a Mediterranean population-based cohort

Author: Carolina Donat-Vargas, Esther Lopez-Garcia, José R. Banegas, Miguel Á. Martínez-González, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, and Pilar Guallar-Castillón
Subjects: Nutrition and Dietetics, Medicine (miscellaneous)
Abstract: Background Evidence on the association between virgin olive oil (OO) and mortality is limited since no attempt has previously been made to discern about main OO varieties. Objective We examined the association between OO consumption (differentiating by common and virgin varieties) and total as well as cause-specific long-term mortality Methods 12,161 individuals, representative of the Spanish population ≥18 years old, were recruited between 2008 and 2010 and followed up through 2019. Habitual food consumption was collected at baseline with a validated computerized dietary history. The association between tertiles of OO main varieties and all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality were analyzed using Cox models. Results After a mean follow-up of 10.7 years (129,272 person-years), 143 cardiovascular deaths, and 146 cancer deaths occurred. The hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval) for all-cause mortality in the highest tertile of common and virgin OO consumption were 0.96 (0.75–1.23; P-trend 0.891) and 0.66 (0.49–0.90; P-trend 0.040). The HR for all-cause mortality per a 10 g/day increase in virgin OO was 0.91 (0.83–1.00). Virgin OO consumption was also inversely associated with cardiovascular mortality, with a HR of 0.43 (0.20–0.91; P-trend 0.017), but common OO was not, with a HR of 0.88 (0.49–1.60; P-trend 0.242). No variety of OO was associated with cancer mortality. Conclusion Daily moderate consumption of virgin OO (1 and 1/2 tablespoons) was associated with a one-third lower risk of all-cause as well as half the risk of cardiovascular mortality. These effects were not seen for common OO. These findings may be useful to reappraise dietary guidelines.
Published: 2022

22. Association of Zinc Intake With Risk of Impaired Physical Function and Frailty Among Older Adults

Author: Veronica Vega-Cabello, Francisco Félix Caballero, Alberto Lana, Lucia Arias-Fernandez, José R Banegas, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, Esther Lopez-Garcia, and Ellen A Struijk
Subjects: Aging, Zinc, Frailty, Frail Elderly, Humans, Nutritional Status, Prospective Studies, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Antioxidants, Aged
Abstract: Background Zinc could be a target nutrient in the prevention of physical impairment and frailty in older adults due to its anti-inflammatory/antioxidant properties. However, prospective studies evaluating this inquiry are scarce. Thus, we aimed to assess the association between zinc intake and impaired lower-extremity function (ILEF) and frailty among community-dwelling older adults. Methods We examined 2 963 adults aged ≥60 and older from the Seniors-ENRICA cohort. At baseline (2008–2010) and subsequent follow-up (2012), zinc intake (mg/d) was estimated with a validated computerized face-to-face diet history and adjusted for total energy intake. From 2012 to 2017, the occurrence of ILEF was ascertained with the Short Physical Performance Battery, and of frailty according to the Fried phenotype criteria. Analyses were conducted using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for relevant confounders, including lifestyle, comorbidity, and dietary factors. Results During follow-up, we identified 515 incident cases of ILEF and 241 of frailty. Compared with participants in the lowest tertile of zinc intake (3.99–8.36 mg/d), those in the highest tertile (9.51–21.2 mg/d) had a lower risk of ILEF (fully adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.75 [0.58–0.97]; p for trend: .03] and of frailty (0.63 [0.44–0.92]; p for trend: .02). No differences in the association were seen by strata of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Conclusions Higher zinc intake was prospectively associated with a lower risk of ILEF and frailty among older adults, suggesting that adequate zinc intake, which can be achieved through a healthy diet, may help preserve physical function and reduce the progression to frailty.
Published: 2022

23. The inflammatory potential of diet and pain incidence: a cohort study in older adults

Author: Adrián Carballo-Casla, Esther García-Esquinas, Esther Lopez-Garcia, Carolina Donat-Vargas, José R Banegas, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, Rosario Ortolá, and UAM. Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública y Microbiología
Subjects: Aging, arthritis, disability, longitudinal, Medicina, Mediterranean diet, dietary patterns, opioids, low back, Geriatrics and Gerontology, elderly, pain treatment, anti-inflammatory
Abstract: This article has been accepted for publication in The Journals of Gerontology: Series A Published by Oxford University Press, Background: Pain is a highly prevalent and on-the-rise symptom with heavy associated healthcare and social burdens among older adults, yet evidence regarding its prevention is inadequate. The growing knowledge on how diet regulates inflammation may be utilized for pain prevention. Objective: To examine the association of 3-year changes in the inflammatory potential of diet (2008-2010 to 2012) with pain incidence over the subsequent 3 years (2012 to 2014-2015) among older adults. Methods: We used data from 820 individuals aged ≥60 years and free of pain in 2012, drawn from the Seniors-ENRICA cohort study in Spain. Food consumption was collected with a validated diet history, and the inflammatory potential of diet was estimated via the a priori empirical dietary inflammatory index (EDII) and the a posteriori dietary inflammatory index (DII). The frequency, severity (impact on daily activities), and number of locations of incident pain were combined into a scale that classified subjects as suffering from no pain, intermediate pain, and highest pain. The associations were summarized with relative risk ratios (RRR) and their 95% confidence interval (CI), estimated with multinomial logistic regression, and adjusted for potential sociodemographic, lifestyle, and morbidity confounders. Results: Shifting the diet towards a higher inflammatory potential was associated with a subsequent increased risk of intermediate pain [fully adjusted RRR (95% CI) per 1-point increment in the EDII=1.30 (1.03,1.65)] and highest pain [DII=1.14 (1.03,1.26)]. The three components of the pain scale followed similar trends, the most consistent one being with moderate-to-severe pain [EDII=1.26 (1.04,1.54); DII=1.12 (1.01,1.24)]. The association of increasing DII with highest incident pain was only apparent among the least physically active subjects [1.35 (1.17,1.56) vs 0.96 (0.83,1.10); p for interaction, The present study was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III, State Secretary of R+D+I and FEDER/FSE (FIS grants 16/1512, 18/287, and 19/319)
Published: 2022

24. Twenty-fourhour central (aortic) systolic blood pressure : reference values and dipping patterns in untreated individuals

Author: James E. Sharman, José R. Banegas, Anna Paini, János Nemcsik, Ronald K. Binder, Marco Antonio Mota Gomes, Thomas Weber, Yan Li, Maria Lorenza Muiesan, Alessandro Maloberti, Jacques Blacher, Alexandre Vallée, Aletta E. Schutte, Bernhard Hametner, Annelise Costa Machado Gomes, Cristina Giannatasio, Piotr Jankowski, Barry J. McDonnell, Charalambos Vlachopoulos, Dimitrios Terentes-Printzios, Carmel M. McEniery, Petros P. Sfikakis, Christopher C. Mayer, Juan J. de la Cruz, Athanase D. Protogerou, Siegfried Wassertheurer, Enrique Rodilla, Sola Aoun Bahous, Mohsen Agharazii, Auxiliadora Graciani, Kathrin Danninger, Andréa Araujo Brandão, Lisa J. Ware, Antonis Argyris, Ian B. Wilkinson, Robert Zweiker, Weber, T, Protogerou, A, Agharazii, M, Argyris, A, Bahous, S, Banegas, J, Binder, R, Blacher, J, Brandao, A, Cruz, J, Danninger, K, Giannatasio, C, Graciani, A, Hametner, B, Jankowski, P, Li, Y, Maloberti, A, Mayer, C, Mcdonnell, B, Mceniery, C, Gomes, M, Gomes, A, Muiesan, M, Nemcsik, J, Paini, A, Rodilla, E, Schutte, A, Sfikakis, P, Terentes-Printzios, D, Vallee, A, Vlachopoulos, C, Ware, L, Wilkinson, I, Zweiker, R, Sharman, J, Wassertheurer, S, Producción Científica UCH 2022, and UCH. Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Hipertensión, hypertension, Ritmo cardíaco, Adolescent, Brachial Artery, Young Adult, Reference Values, Internal medicine, Heart rate, Hypertension, Internal Medicine, medicine, heart rate, 80 and over, Humans, Arterial Pressure, Blood pressure, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Pulse, arterial pressure, blood pressure, Blood Pressure, Blood Pressure Determination, Circadian Rhythm, Female, Middle Aged, business.industry, Original Articles, Presión sanguínea, Reference values, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Cardiology, business
Abstract: Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text., Central (aortic) systolic blood pressure (cSBP) is the pressure seen by the heart, the brain, and the kidneys. If properly measured, cSBP is closer associated with hypertension-mediated organ damage and prognosis, as compared with brachial SBP (bSBP). We investigated 24-hour profiles of bSBP and cSBP, measured simultaneously using Mobilograph devices, in 2423 untreated adults (1275 women; age, 18–94 years), free from overt cardiovascular disease, aiming to develop reference values and to analyze daytime-nighttime variability. Central SBP was assessed, using brachial waveforms, calibrated with mean arterial pressure (MAP)/diastolic BP (cSBPMAP/DBPcal), or bSBP/diastolic blood pressure (cSBPSBP/DBPcal), and a validated transfer function, resulting in 144 509 valid brachial and 130 804 valid central measurements. Averaged 24-hour, daytime, and nighttime brachial BP across all individuals was 124/79, 126/81, and 116/72 mm Hg, respectively. Averaged 24-hour, daytime, and nighttime values for cSBPMAP/DBPcal were 128, 128, and 125 mm Hg and 115, 117, and 107 mm Hg for cSBPSBP/DBPcal, respectively. We pragmatically propose as upper normal limit for 24-hour cSBPMAP/DBPcal 135 mm Hg and for 24-hour cSBPSBP/DBPcal 120 mm Hg. bSBP dipping (nighttime-daytime/daytime SBP) was −10.6 % in young participants and decreased with increasing age. Central SBPSBP/DBPcal dipping was less pronounced (−8.7% in young participants). In contrast, cSBPMAP/DBPcal dipping was completely absent in the youngest age group and less pronounced in all other participants. These data may serve for comparison in various diseases and have potential implications for refining hypertension diagnosis and management. The different dipping behavior of bSBP versus cSBP requires further investigation.
Published: 2022

25. Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight

Author: Maryam Sharafkhah, Emanuel Zitt, Majid Ezzati, Luxia Zhang, Young-Ho Khang, Ellina Rakhimova, Kairit Mikkel, Tiina Vlasoff, Eruke E. Egbagbe, Sidsel Graff-Iversen, Ilona Nenko, Magdalena Klimek, Mathilde Savy, Sanjib Kumar Sharma, Alfonso Siani, Luís Lopes, Vanina Bongard, Gregor Jurak, Jacqueline F. Price, Christina-Paulina Lambrinou, Maria Lc Iurilli, Rainford J. Wilks, Bontha V. Babu, Fereidoun Azizi, Harunobu Nakamura, Marialaura Bonaccio, Angela Döring, Zhenyu Zhang, Naser Ahmadi, Jolanta Słowikowska-Hilczer, Ana Paula Carlos Cândido, Clive Osmond, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Robert J. Adams, Themistoklis Tzotzas, Reina Engle-Stone, Atul Trivedi, Shoichiro Tsugane, Niels Møller, Jorge Bezerra, Dénes Molnár, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff, Badreya Al-Lahou, J. Jaime Miranda, Bahram Mohajer, Sigmund A. Anderssen, Lital Keinan Boker, Eero Kajantie, Martin Gulliford, Maties Torrent, Sumit Bharadwaj, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Zbigniew Gaciong, Nayu Ikeda, Li Juan Wu, Adrian Richter, Licia Iacoviello, Marc J. Gunter, Wenbin Wei, Norsyamlina Che Abdul Rahim, Eman Aly, Ambady Ramachandran, Nils Lehmann, Soile E. Puhakka, Giovanni Veronesi, Hongsheng Bi, Eiji Oda, Jia Li Duan, Per Tynelius, José María Huerta, Janne Schurmann Tolstrup, Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco, Rosangela Fernandes Lucena Batista, Victoria E Soto-Rojas, Hanno Ulmer, Shukri F. Mohamed, Anthony Kafatos, Suyeon Park, Mohsen Ibrahim, Hamed Pouraram, Bin Zhou, May Soe Aung, Lars Bo Andersen, Erfan Ghasemi, René Charles Sylva, Himanshu K. Chaturvedi, Luc Dauchet, Ahmad Ali Zainuddin, Angela Chetrit, Dan Zhu, Valérie Deschamps, Ko Ko Zaw, Peter Vollenweider, Tomas Vega, Yves Martin-Prével, Mahfuzar Rahman, Dorja Vočanec, Roman Topor-Madry, Vinay Nangia, Herculina S. Kruger, Asher Fawwad, Emily Sonestedt, Elena Pahomova, Aleksander Giwercman, Elżbieta Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Cecilia Björkelund, Tatjana Hejgaard, Maria Puiu, Maria Benedetta Donati, Andrew Wong, Carlos P. Boissonnet, Santosh K. Bhargava, Patrick Kolsteren, Dermot O'Reilly, Bahareh Kheiri, Wolfgang Kratzer, Susanne R. de Rooij, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Günther Fink, José R. Banegas, Michele Monroy-Valle, Drude Molbo, Mahmudur Rahman, Hynek Pikhart, Rafael N. Pichardo, Massimo Salvetti, Hui Cai, Sarah Filippi, Georg Posch, Hung-Kwan So, Yonghua Hu, Katsuyasu Kouda, Joana Carvalho, Gailute Bernotiene, Hannu Uusitalo, Thein Thein Htay, Felix Kaducu, Maigeng Zhou, Lars Ängquist, Thi Tuyet-Hanh Tran, Charles Lunogelo, Michel Joffres, Sabina Zambon, Ronald D. Gregor, Vayia Rarra, Seyed Mohammad Hashemi-Shahri, Loreto Santa Marina, Galina Obreja, Rudolf Kaaks, Aya Mostafa, Maria do Carmo Franco, Beata Gurzkowska, Chien-Jen Chen, Marie Moitry, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Xiangjun Wang, Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro, Imperia Brajkovich, Fangfang Chen, Francesco Panza, Ling Yang, Holly E. Syddall, Cecily Kelleher, Michael Tornaritis, Ningli Wang, Lutgarde Thijs, Marjolein Visser, Angelika Schaffrath Rosario, María José Tormo, Jostein Steene-Johannessen, Norbert Amougou, Emmanuella Magriplis, Mar Alvarez-Pedrerol, Jingli Gao, Stig E. Bojesen, Giuseppe Grosso, Seongjun Ha, Lauren Lissner, Mikhail Benet, Anastasia Markaki, Sanjay Rampal, Antônio Augusto Moura da Silva, Maria Lorenza Muiesan, Angelique Chan, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Annamari Lundqvist, Philippe Amouyel, Kristyna Zejglicova, Charalambos Hadjigeorgiou, João Breda, Jørgen Meisfjord, Fatima Zahra Laamiri, Carl Lachat, Kai-Uwe Saum, Vilma Irazola, Leng Huat Foo, Óscar Lopes, Dickman Gareta, Flavio Nervi, Imre Janszky, Ruzena Kubinova, Terho Lehtimäki, Mario V. Capanzana, Moyses Szklo, Ramfis Nieto-Martínez, Viswanathan Mohan, Shuohua Chen, Arvind Pandey, Luigi Palmieri, Roya Kelishadi, Srinivasan Kannan, Jie Mi, Robert Beaglehole, Liliana Dacica, Jyrki K. Virtanen, Mohan Deepa, Peter Ueda, Isti Ilmiati Fujiati, Hermann Pohlabeln, Morten Sodemann, Jytte Halkjær, Zbigniew Kułaga, Sophie Visvikis-Siest, Farshad Farzadfar, Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad, Henry Völzke, Karolina Milkowska, Zahra Mohammadi, Belgin Ünal, Magda Gasull, George S. Stergiou, Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid, Seppo Koskinen, James E. Bennett, Marcela González-Gross, Virginija Dulskiene, Idris Guessous, Assembekov Batyrbek, Kamarul Imran Musa, Jeannette Lee, Josep Redon, Bihungum Bista, Luisa M Macieira, Johan Sundström, Andres Metspalu, Lariane M Ono, Flora A. Ukoli, Salar Rahimikazerooni, Andrea Gualtieri, Trevor S. Ferguson, Félicité Tchibindat, Eliza Cinteza, Ha Tp Do, Tajana Zeljkovic Vrkic, Tuyen D Le, Alison J. Hayes, Abdul Basit, Chandini Nekkantti, Teresa Norat, Eunice Ugel, Gulmira Aitmurzaeva, Mariachiara Di Cesare, Abdul Hamid Zargar, Vincenzo Solfrizzi, Garry L. Jennings, Aline Meirhaeghe, Kaare Christensen, Päivi Mäki, Xu Lin, Ali Esmaeili, Joanna Baran, Aneta Grajda, Renata Cifkova, Alexandre C. Pereira, Martin Bobak, Iuliia A Rusakova, Keiu Nelis, Damian K Francis, Guansheng Ma, Axel C. Carlsson, Alejandro Diaz, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, N Capkova, Zumin Shi, Maria Turley, Imelda A. Agdeppa, Helena I. S. Nogueira, Marcia Scazufca, Katharina Maruszczak, Natascia Rinaldo, Paulo A. Lotufo, Nuno Lunet, Thor Aspelund, Caroline H.D. Fall, Antonio Cabrera de León, Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff, Holger Theobald, Beatriz D'Agord Schaan, Pedro Marques-Vidal, William A. Neal, Mihai Gafencu, Tandi E. Matsha, Ana B. Crujeiras, Ahmad Reza Dorosty, Alain Morejon, Weili Yan, Dominique Hange, Bekbolat Zholdin, Frédéric Gottrand, Jorge Mota, Jana Námešná, Stevo Popovic, Louise Eriksen, Line Lund Kårhus, Cihangir Erem, Juergen Breckenkamp, Mathilde Kersting, Yi Song, Martin McKee, Aleksandra Gomula, Rafaela Rosário, Enzo Manzato, S. Goya Wannamethee, Sounnia Mediene Benchekor, Azim Nejatizadeh, Krishna Kumar Aryal, Juan P. González-Rivas, Vedrana Sember, Stephen T. McGarvey, Jukka T. Salonen, Patrick Pasquet, Patricia Varona-Pérez, Amelia C. Crampin, Ramin Heshmat, Violeta Iotova, Juvenal Soares Dias-da-Costa, Oye Gureje, Aletta E. Schutte, João Luiz Bastos, Anelise Reis Gaya, Konrad Jamrozik, Dalia Luksiene, Amina Barkat, Maria Paula Santos, José Camolas, Azli Baharudin, Diego Vanuzzo, Doris Stöckl, Rosalynn Siantar, Jouko Saramies, Albertino Damasceno, Davood Khalili, Simona Bo, Martina Müller-Nurasyid, Dominique Cottel, Markku Peltonen, Fikru Tullu, Ana Isabel Rito, Angélica Ochoa-Avilés, Annette J. Dobson, Christopher T. Cowell, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Rildo de Souza Wanderley Júnior, Oanh T. H. Trinh, Farahnaz Joukar, Mostafa K. Mohamed, Mostafa Qorbani, Jeongseon Kim, Helmut Schröder, Machi Suka, Natasja M. van Schoor, Jussi Kauhanen, Teresa Haugsgjerd, Goodarz Danaei, M. Fernanda Lima-Costa, Yong Tao, Elisabetta L. Romeo, Grazyna Jasienska, Victor Guillermo Sequera, Kazem Mohammad, Yanina Zócalo, Fernanda Cunha Soares, Jianfeng Wu, Mohammad Esmaeel Motlagh, María Elena Díaz-Sánchez, Monika Zuziak, Eldridge Ferrer, Anette Varbo, Leila Beltrami Moreira, Jeremy M. Jacobs, Kenneth James, Elena Sacchini, Pascal Bovet, Mahboubeh Parsaeian, Tania Lopez, Ya Xing Wang, Wojciech Drygas, Jody C Miller, Svetlana A. Shalnova, Maria Elisa Zapata, Chung T Nguyen, Nimmathota Arlappa, Edwige Landais, Thorkild I. A. Sørensen, Jeannette Klimont, Amirabbas Momenan, Erik J. Timmermans, Mari-Liis Tammesoo, Jost B. Jonas, Stefania Toselli, Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto, Bahman Cheraghian, Kouamelan Doua, Esteban Carmuega, Marjeta Mišigoj-Duraković, Bo Werner, M. Arfan Ikram, Breige A. McNulty, Christa Meisinger, Clara Homs, Namuna Shrestha, Alina Kerimkulova, Youcef Laid, Claes Ohlsson, Alicia Matijasevich, Alison J Price, Ala'a Alkerwi, Kristine H. Allin, Lorenza Pilotto, Mohannad Al Nsour, Ingunn Holden Bergh, Marianna Noale, Heba Fouad, Vilnis Dzerve, Novie O. Younger-Coleman, Peter Willeit, Andrea R. V. R. Horimoto, Freda Pitakaka, Habiba Ben Romdhane, Savvas C. Savva, Rajeev Gupta, Jennifer Servais, Cristina Padez, Sarah P. Garnett, Maria del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Michala Lustigová, Tien Yin Wong, Rosa Haghshenas, Jonathan Giovannelli, Christina Howitt, Marleen E. Hendriks, Fadia AlBuhairan, Huashuai Chen, Gretchen A Stevens, Luís B. Sardinha, David Goltzman, Jenny M. Kindblom, Karina Mary de Paiva, Yousef Khader, Eric Monterrubio-Flores, Rajendra Pradeepa, Yi-Ting Lin, Martin Neovius, Juan Francisco Miquel, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Anil Poudyal, Marzieh Katibeh, Tanja Stocks, Veronica Mocanu, Ulla Roggenbuck, Robespierre Ribeiro, Gabriele Eiben, Mary Simon, Christine Cameron, Hamid Hakimi, Kamel Ajlouni, Jakub Stokwiszewski, Iulia Jurca Simina, Pietro Amedeo Modesti, Frederick C. W. Wu, Peter Kristensen, Charles Mondo, Felix Gutzwiller, Mariana Sbaraini, Martijn Huisman, Betina H. Thuesen, Queenie Chan, Antonisamy Belavendra, Artur Mazur, Ulf Ekelund, Laura A. Rodríguez-Villamizar, Marcos André Moura-dos-Santos, Jean Ferrières, Farhad Zamani, Shina Avi, Yves Kameli, Luis Paulo Gomes Mascarenhas, Aluísio J D Barros, Thomas Meinertz Dantoft, Hossein Poustchi, Farid Najafi, Giovanni de Gaetano, Azaliia M Tuliakova, Vera Lanska, Tint Swe Latt, Matthias Bopp, Abbas Rezaianzadeh, Rod Jackson, Johan Van der Heyden, Reecha Sofat, Koen Van Herck, Allan G. Hill, Con Burns, Emanuela Pettenuzzo, Ming-Dong Wang, Stela McLachlan, Ulrike Gehring, Ranko Stevanovic, Nagalla Balakrishna, Lekhraj Rampal, Marjolijn C. E. Bragt, Saeid Eslami, Napoleón Pérez-Farinós, G. K. Mini, Viktoria Anna Kovacs, Rosemarie Martin, Nahla Hwalla, Wei Zheng, Hoang Van Minh, Edward D Janus, Laetitia Huiart, Farhad Pourfarzi, Sudha Ramachandra Rao, Fred Paccaud, Marcia Makdisse, Aye Aye Sein, Enrique Gutiérrez-González, Yang Yang, Anneke Blokstra, Henrike Galenkamp, Jaume Marrugat, Nazan Yardim, Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud, Jesús Ibarluzea, Julio Zuñiga Cisneros, Laura Lauria, Argyro Karakosta, Dragana P Jovic, Jun Hata, Elio Riboli, Piotr Bandosz, Xun Tang, Parvina Mukhtorova, Jean Dallongeville, Jean-Bernard Ruidavets, Anne Tjønneland, Guillermo Frontera, Rahul Malhotra, Thomas Ferrao, Aleksandra Piwońska, Dusan Grafnetter, Mette Rasmussen, Daniel Weghuber, Sherali Rakhmatulloev, Martine Vrijheid, Johann Willeit, Motahareh Kheradmand, Małgorzata Mossakowska, Lechaba Tshepo, Dongfeng Gu, Hyeon Chang Kim, Vilmundur Gudnason, Maria Forsner, Peter Bjerregaard, Leon A. Simons, Rachael McLean, Japhet Killewo, Ramón Suárez-Medina, Y Nikitin, Eng Joo Tan, Jean Claude Mbanya, Aroor Bhagyalaxmi, Renata Kuciene, Kairat Davletov, Jose Eugenio Lozano, Afshin Ostovar, Niloofar Peykari, Guy De Backer, Soheir H Ahmed, Nicholas J. Wareham, Sai Yin Ho, Constanta Huidumac Petrescu, Maria Hassapidou, Iris Pigeot, Myriam Galfo, Susana Cararo Confortin, Blanca Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, W. M. Monique Verschuren, Catterina Ferreccio, Fabio Galvano, Leila Houti, Daniel Bia, Annika Rosengren, Marcin Rutkowski, Biruta Velika, Joana Araújo, Fernando Rigo, Angela Spinelli, Scott B. McLean, Shirin Djalalinia, Marie Kunešová, Boban Mugoša, Sania Nishtar, Mangesh S. Pednekar, Shahla AlDhukair, Helle-Mai Loit, Antonis Zampelas, Altan Onat, Maciej Banach, Shohreh Naderimagham, Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri, Maja Bæksgaard Jørgensen, Yin Guo, Ewelina Czenczek-Lewandowska, Parasmani Dasgupta, Elvis Oa Wambiya, Inge Huybrechts, Raimund Erbel, Jari Jokelainen, Ana P. Ortiz, Stefan Kiechl, Emmanuel Cohen, Caleb Ochimana, Shynar Abdrakhmanova, Laura Censi, Iqbal Bata, Geetha R Menon, Snehalatha Chamukuttan, Pedro Plans-Rubio, Domenico Palli, Ana Azevedo, Slawomir Koziel, Benoît Salanave, Parinaz Mehdipour, Shu Ti Chiou, Lela Sturua, Lubica Ticha, Felipe Vogt Cureau, Jin Soo Moon, Ming-Hui Zhao, Urho M. Kujala, Nathalie Michels, Ertugrul Celikcan, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Judith Benedics, Tobias F. Rinke de Wit, Agnès Le Port, Reza Homayounfar, Andrea Rodriguez-Martinez, Tai Hing Lam, Yn-Tz Sung, Jürgen König, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Rao, Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa, Karen Morgan, Bogdan Wojtyniak, Cynthia M. Pérez, Ilse Khouw, Manoli Garcia-de-la-Hera, Dong Wook Shin, Genc Burazeri, Ausra Petrauskiene, Charles Sossa Jérome, Kenisha Russell Jonsson, José Boggia, Daniela Galeone, Alice Bonilla-Vargas, Han Cg Kemper, Rahman Shiri, Stefaan Demarest, Else Karin Grøholt, San-Lin You, Adelheid Weber, Juha Auvinen, Aida Pilav, Sibel Gogen, Suzanne N Morin, Wan Mohamad Wan Bebakar, Viviane Cunha Cardoso, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Hana Zamrazilová, Frank Claessens, Karien Stronks, Helen Gonçalves, Tahir Aris, Luis Revilla, Sérgio Viana Peixoto, Zhamilya Battakova, Jing Liu, Eliza Markidou Ioannidou, Leticia Hernandez Cadena, Priscilla Duboz, Sandjaja, Tiina Laatikainen, Rafel Ramos, Sareh Eghtesad, Judith Simons, Orn Olafsson, E. Shyong Tai, Louise A. Baur, Nihal Thomas, Aung Soe Htet, Bente Sparboe-Nilsen, Paul Elliott, Soon-Woo Park, Angel R. Gonzalez, Ying-Wei Wang, Rob M. van Dam, Ryutaro Ohtsuka, Ludmila Sevcikova, Suhaila Abdul Ghaffar, Lynell V Maniego, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Maria Dorobantu, Giovanni Viegi, Xiaoguang Yang, Honor Bixby, Prakash C. Gupta, Ofra Kalter-Leibovici, Eugene Sobngwi, Ričardas Radišauskas, Jurate Medzioniene, Roy A Wong-McClure, Kim F. Michaelsen, Antonia Trichopoulou, Tania Tello, Francesco Branca, Johanna Gunnlaugsdottir, Els Clays, Wei-Yen Lim, Suzanne C. Ho, Toomas Veidebaum, Rebecca Goldsmith, Margot González-León, Matthias Nauck, Alibek Mereke, Marta Buoncristiano, Jakob Tarp, Rosalba Rojas-Martínez, Maya Tanrygulyyeva, Reza Malekzadeh, Abdonas Tamosiunas, Dimitrios Poulimeneas, Pedro Ordunez, Isabelle Herter-Aeberli, Khanh Le Nguyen Bao, Anne Juolevi, Vassilis Zafiropulos, Emanuela Gualdi-Russo, Jordi Sunyer, Manu Raj, Chaoqiang Jiang, Sofia Malyutina, Efthymios Kapantais, Maria Lazo-Porras, Maung Maung Than Htike, Michael Hobbs, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Merike Liivak, Johan G. Eriksson, Margarita Samoutian, Andreia N. Pizarro, Mohammed Rasoul Tarawneh, Jean Woo, Kaspar Staub, Maria Teresa Menzano, Mojtaba Farjam, Adroaldo Cesar Araujo Gaya, Mohammad El-khateeb, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Mukharram M. Bikbov, Hsien-Ho Lin, Oscar Noboa, Thomas Waldhör, Garry Brian, Simona Costanzo, Frank Tanser, Nor Azwany Yaacob, Michelle Cilia, Ivo Rakovac, Bill Stavreski, Ioannis Pagkalos, Ivan Pećin, Carlo M. Barbagallo, Abla M. Sibai, Yuna He, Matsuda Fumihiko, Bharathi Viswanathan, Ali Reza Safarpour, Wei Cheng Lo, Abdullatif Husseini, Jiang He, Liv Elin Torheim, Nipa Rojroongwasinkul, Aicha Soumare, Astrid Petersmann, Tomasz Grodzicki, Davide Noto, Panayiotis K. Yiallouros, Kelias P. Msyamboza, William R. Tebar, Yingfeng Zheng, Eha Nurk, Bhawesh Koirala, Ana Jelakovic, Suhad Bahijri, Freja B Kampmann, Qi Sheng You, Marika Ferrari, María-Elena González-Villalpando, Aline Wagner, Olfa Saidi, Anwar Batieha, Eduardo Capuano, Coimbatore Subramaniam Shanthirani, Dong Wook Kim, Albina A Fakhretdinova, Tom Wilsgaard, Maria Avdicova, Moesijanti Soekatri, Chiara Donfrancesco, Salim Mohanna, Paola Russo, Uruwan Yamborisut, Rafael dos Santos Henrique, Martin Nankap, Allan Linneberg, Khairil Si-Ramlee, Kirsten Mehlig, Christina Mavrogianni, Raluca Pop, Lèlita Santos, Graziella Bruno, Valentina Peterkova, Iná S. Santos, Georg Lappas, Alberto Palloni, Malay K. Mridha, Andrzej Pajak, Marta García-Solano, Stefaan De Henauw, Daniel Ferrante, Rute Santos, Anders Grøntved, Lucjan Szponar, Mihaela Vladulescu, Chien-An Sun, Jan A. Staessen, Paula Duarte de Oliveira, Norazizah Ibrahim Wong, Maria Nordendahl, Elaine M. Dennison, Jeonghee Lee, Diego Salmerón, Ida Maria Schmidt, Gao Pei, Noushin Mohammadifard, Igor Spiroski, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, Xu Ma, Elin Pettersen Sørgjerd, Valéria Regecová, Cláudia S. Minderico, Johanna A. Otero, Jamila Abubakar Garba, Vesselka Duleva, Rui Ornelas, Ilpo Huhtaniemi, Cesar G. Victora, Lijuan Liu, Rody G. Sy, Mahmood Moosazadeh, Ali Ahmadi, Antonio Pedro Graça, Natalia Nowak-Szczepanska, Miao Li Chee, Michael Sjöström, Charles Agyemang, Shiqi Zhen, Xiu-Hua Guo, Pawel Kurjata, Jardena J. Puder, Mehrdad Azmin, Neil Murphy, Kaosar Afsana, Alireza Sadjadi, Johanna M. Geleijnse, Prashant Mathur, Elysée Claude Bika Lele, Raphael Mendes Ritti-Dias, Yannis Manios, Majid Shirani, Rosemary B. Duda, Liis Nelis, Jurate Klumbiene, Zhengming Chen, Wichai Aekplakorn, Alun Evans, Andrzej Wiecek, Lars Lind, Denise Eldemire-Shearer, Bernardo L. Horta, Macia Enguerran, Seyed Rasoul Zakavi, Daniel Fernández-Bergés, Kumiko Ohara, Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Hermann Brenner, Przemyslaw Slusarczyk, Espen Bjertness, Jutta Stieber, Augusto Di Castelnuovo, Joel G. R. Roy, Aryeh D. Stein, Ruth Frikke-Schmidt, Vera Musil, Amaneh Shayanrad, Marcel Goldberg, Ramon O. Jimenez, Mohammad Reza Fattahi, Jolanda Hyska, Amir Houshang Mehrparvar, Elin Kolle, Mohamed Bamoshmoosh, Michelle Holdsworth, Felipe F. Casanueva, Børge G. Nordestgaard, Niels Wedderkopp, Eva Corpeleijn, Elias F. Gudmundsson, Antonio Mistretta, Daniel Lemogoum, Larissa Pruner Marques, Slavica Sović, Olli T. Raitakari, Marco Aurélio Peres, Alexandra Cucu, Gregorio Varela-Moreiras, Janine Clarke, Andrea Gazzinelli, Mieczysław Litwin, Sara Schramm, Xenophon Theodoridis, Harshpal Singh Sachdev, Mohammad Reza Mirjalili, Dimitrios Papandreou, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Benjamin Acosta-Cazares, Ben Schöttker, Prabhdeep Kaur, Norlaila Mustafa, Shariq Rashid Masoodi, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Adolfo Rubinstein, Francis Delpeuch, Julianne Williams, Abbas Dehghan, Leanne M. Riley, Heloisa Bettiol, Gabriele Nagel, Ellisiv B. Mathiesen, Ekaterina Stoyanova, Alisha N. Wade, Zhamyila Usupova, Arnaud Chiolero, Oonagh Markey, Jacqueline Ramke, Elena Bogova, Niveen M E Abu-Rmeileh, Nguyen D Nguyen, Tomasz Zdrojewski, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Jose Sanchez-Abanto, Rômulo Araújo Fernandes, Lourdes Ribas-Barba, Nalan Uysal, Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad, Krista Fischer, Maria Wany Louzada Strufaldi, Ramiro Guerrero, Farnam Mohebi, Tran Quoc Bao, Flávio Danni Fuchs, Salim Berkinbayev, Enisa Kujundzic, Sari Voutilainen, Farzad Hadaegh, Robert Lundqvist, Saeid Safiri, Iraj Mohebbi, George Luiz Lins Machado-Coelho, Annette Peters, Gonzalo Valdivia, Magdalena Korzycka, Rajiv T Erasmus, Masanori Iwasaki, Charmaine A. Duante, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Quang Ngoc La, Ricky Eddie, Petra Rust, Daniela Rodrigues, Dirk De Bacquer, Karen Sparrenberger, Agneta Sjöberg, Thet Thet Mu, Katarzyna Dereń, Cora L. Craig, Jorge Motta, Janina Petkeviciene, Boyd Swinburn, Paibul Suriyawongpaisal, Visnja Djordjic, Ramón Alberto Rascón-Pacheco, Pradeep Joshi, Daan Kromhout, Marius B. Bjertness, Stefano Marventano, Juel Jarani, Alireza Khosravi, Eva Martos, David De Ridder, Lizzy M. Brewster, Nico Dragano, Liam Smeeth, Kenji Shibuya, Emma Ruiz Moreno, Hashem Jaddou, Grzegorz Sobek, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Marvin Cervantes-Loaiza, Abu Am Hanif, Elaine M. Murtagh, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Graziella D'Arrigo, Kyungwon Oh, Heiner Boeing, Regina Heidinger-Felso, André Luiz Sena Guimarães, Balkish M. Naidu, Avula Laxmaiah, Ana M. B. Menezes, Marie Eliasen, Francesco Pistelli, Yuan He, Dusko Bjelica, José A. Casajús, Guang Ning, Lutgart Braeckman, Dirk Vanderschueren, Jochanan Stessman, Ivana Radic, Yi Zeng, Hans Concin, Damaskini Valvi, Sari Hantunen, Catherine Kyobutungi, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Wenhua Zhao, Sok King Ong, Anne W. Taylor, Iraj Nabipour, Justyna Godos, Cyrus Cooper, Mattias Johansson, Samuel C. Dumith, Magdalena Muc, Sabine Schipf, Idowu O Senbanjo, Jim Mann, Rajaa Al-Raddadi, Yih Chung Tham, Kay-Tee Khaw, Joseph Cacciottolo, Ana Henriques, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Bernhard O. Boehm, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Iveta Pudule, Elisabete Ramos, Lacramioara Aurelia Brinduse, Paul H. Lee, Terence W O'Neill, Javad Aghazadeh-Attari, Margus Punab, Bojan Jelaković, Camilla T. Damsgaard, Takafumi Ishida, Ekaterina Chikova-Iscener, Mirjam M. Heinen, Tazeen H. Jafar, Semánová Csilla, Constance Schultsz, Santiago F. Gomez, Raija Korpelainen, Edward W. Gregg, Laura Gutierrez, Pierre Traissac, Victor M. Herrera, Aristides M. Machado-Rodrigues, Fatemeh Malekzadeh, Shouling Wu, Jennifer L. Baker, Clicerio González-Villalpando, Eleonora d'Orsi, Irene G. M. van Valkengoed, Anna Fijałkowska, Wen-Harn Pan, Gregor Starc, Meghnath Dhimal, Murat Topbaş, George Moschonis, Robert Eggertsen, Abdullah Alkandari, Quang Ngoc Nguyen, Janette Walton, Elnaz Faramarzi, Saeed Dastgiri, Lien Braeckevelt, Nasheeta Peer, Radka Taxová Braunerová, Mohamed M. Ali, Steiner Krokstad, Harald Geiger, Morteza Shamshirgaran, Lela Shengelia, María Ángeles Dal Re Saavedra, Silvana Donoso, Khem Bahadur Karki, Timothy J. Key, Maria G. Grammatikopoulou, Susana Vale, Felix K. Assah, Juan A Rivera, Peter H. Whincup, Oana-Florentina Gheorghe-Fronea, Cassiano Ricardo Rech, Paul Ferdinand M. Reganit, Rachakulla Hari Kumar, Jaakko Mursu, Luis A. Moreno, Glen Gironella, Jelena Kos, Tilema Cama, Haakon E. Meyer, Jun Ma, Raphael E. Arku, Ziad Abdeen, Dianna J. Magliano, Jitendra Jonnagaddala, Konstantinos Gkiouras, Paola Nardone, Alberto Barceló, Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen, Francesco Gianfagna, Stefania Maggi, Mohammad Hossein Somi, Behrooz Hamzeh, Miquel Porta, Vesna Jureša, Alexander D. Deev, David Faeh, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Ian Hambleton, Stefan Savin, Andre Pascal Kengne, R. Krishna Kumar, Kurt Widhalm, Marco M Ferrario, Parisa Amiri, Anjani Kumar Jha, Thamara Hubler Figueiró, Jana Kratenova, Claudia M. Hormiga, Maria Tsigga, Zivka Dika, Indrapal I. Meshram, Ei Ei K. Nang, Ian Rouse, Rusidah Selamat, Paul Korrovits, Grethe S. Tell, Julie Taylor, Anabela Mota-Pinto, Paolo Vineis, Kotsedi D Monyeki, Khuong Quynh Long, Frank J Rühli, Shelly R. McFarlane, Sara Santos Sanz, Edyta Łuszczki, Maria G. Stathopoulou, Tara Coppinger, Karin De Ridder, Lucie Viet, Anna Bugge, Mehdi Yaseri, Safiah Md Yusof, Sandra C. Fuchs, Muhammad Islam, Irfan Nuhoglu, Rui Providência, Bernard Maire, Leandra Abarca-Gómez, Sinead Brophy, Maria Ruiz-Castell, Daniela Pierannunzio, Cristina Taddei, Gowri Mahasampath, Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez, Hanna Tolonen, Sudhir Kowlessur, Bagher Larijani, Laura Torres-Collado, Susi Kriemler, Ali Akbar Shayesteh, Cynthia Robitaille, Jorge Escobedo-de la Peña, Yufang Bi, Chinh Nguyen Huu, Line Tang Møllehave, Vincent Jr DeGennaro, Noor Ani Ahmad, Anar Dushpanova, Agustinus Soemantri, Susana Sans, Ionela Pascanu, Gwenaëlle Le Coroller, Inger Ariansen, Kodanda R Kanala, Gert B. M. Mensink, Abhijit Sen, Sergej M. Ostojic, Hanan F. Abdul Rahim, Hélène Delisle, Francisco J. Félix-Redondo, Yadlapalli S. Kusuma, Michael Knoflach, Moein Yoosefi, Tanja G. M. Vrijkotte, Wolfgang Ahrens, Osvaldo Santos, Bethlehem D. Solomon, Erik Lykke Mortensen, Nikhil D. Patel, Reynaldo Martorell, Ching-Yu Cheng, Stine Schramm, Hana Shimizu-Furusawa, Jacek Jóźwiak, Radwan Qasrawi, Herman Borghs, Zhanna Kalmatayeva, Heidi Klakk, Akram Pourshams, Naomi S. Levitt, Son Thai Pham, Simona Giampaoli, Dong Zhao, Indah Suci Widyahening, Merete Osler, Paula Margozzini, Silvia Bel-Serrat, Dora Romaguera, Monira Alarouj, Winsome R. Parnell, Marloes Cardol, Giota Touloumi, Janice Luisa Lukrafka, Adela Chirita-Emandi, Maryam Kavousi, Sanja Musić Milanović, Jean-Michel Gaspoz, Jalila El Ati, Sauli Herrala, Liang Xu, Pilar Guallar-Castillón, Bee Koon Poh, Luis Serra-Majem, Jonathan E. Shaw, Belong Cho, Daphne Mirkopoulou, Salvador Villalpando, Yuki Fujita, Tiffany K. Gill, Nish Chaturvedi, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Günay Can, Mark Woodward, Esther Lopez-Garcia, Mauro Virgílio Gomes de Barros, Ahmed A. Madar, Shoaib Afzal, Melanie J. Cowan, Gareth Stratton, Eduardo Salazar Martinez, Sameer Narake, Norie Sawada, Deepak Amarapurkar, Deepa Weerasekera, Diana A. Santos, Marjeta Majer, Herman Schargrodsky, Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva, Ebrahim Eftekhar, Jesús Vioque, Marisa K. Sophiea, Teresa Shamah-Levy, María Dolores Chirlaque, Mohd Azahadi Omar, Stefan Söderberg, Isabel O. Oliveira, Joanne Katz, Xingwang Ye, Christophe Tzourio, Marie Zins, Aneta Weres, Ulrich Keil, Haiquan Xu, Akihiro Yoshihara, Rachel Dankner, Gabriella Gruden, Maroje Sorić, Hanspeter Stamm, Kim Overvad, Yanping Li, Carsten Oliver Schmidt, Christa L. Lilly, Veikko Salomaa, Gilad Twig, Senthil K Vasan, Qian Wang, Liufu Cui, Andrzej Galbarczyk, Sylvain Sebert, Wilma M. Hopman, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Ari Voutilainen, Peter Schnohr, Jerzy Chudek, Katia Vergetti Bloch, Vincenzo Capuano, Jyh Eiin Wong, Torben Jørgensen, Anja Schienkiewitz, Nader Saki, Carolina Tarqui-Mamani, Maria Cecília Formoso Assunção, Kazi M. Jamil, Juraci Almeida Cesar, Pedro J Ortiz, Delphine De Smedt, Luciana Zaccagni, Lynne M. Boddy, Jie Hao, David Alejandro González-Chica, Romana Roccaldo, Sara Magnacca, Peter Stehle, Victoria Farrugia Sant'Angelo, Gry Skodje, Maryam Keramati, Tabara Yasuharu, Ali Ghanbari, Gyulli M. Kazakbaeva, Takuro Furusawa, Felicia Cañete, Kari Kuulasmaa, Justina Vaitkeviciute, (NCD-RisC), NCD Risk Factor Collaboration, Imperial College London, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Middlesex University [London], Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) (UMR MoISA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire (IGE-PCV), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Wellcome TrustEuropean Commission, Clinical Developmental Psychology, APH - Mental Health, Sociology, The Social Context of Aging (SoCA), Nutrition and Health, Iurilli, Maria LC [0000-0003-0409-1635], Zhou, Bin [0000-0002-1741-8628], Ezzati, Majid [0000-0002-2109-8081], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Epidemiology and Data Science, APH - Aging & Later Life, APH - Societal Participation & Health, Public and occupational health, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, VU University medical center, APH - Personalized Medicine, AGEM - Endocrinology, metabolism and nutrition, ACS - Diabetes & metabolism, APH - Global Health, ARD - Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Adult Psychiatry, Global Health, APH - Quality of Care, APH - Methodology, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, Gómez Santos, Santiago Felipe, NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), Faculdade de Desporto, Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Faculdade de Medicina, Tampere University, Clinical Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Eye Centre, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Middlesex University, World Health Organization, Ministry of Health, University of Lausanne, Eduardo Mondlane University, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, University of Sydney, Health and Nutrition, University of Auckland, Seoul National University, ICMR - National Institute of Nutrition, Capital Medical University Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, University Tunis El Manar, University of Oulu, University of Zagreb, University of Ljubljana, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, Al-Quds University, National Center of Public Healthcare, Qatar University, Birzeit University, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Flinders University, Mahidol University, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, University of Amsterdam, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, University of Oslo, University of Bremen, Republican Center for Health Promotion, Endocrinology and Genetics, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Aldara Hospital and Medical Center, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Barcelona Institute for Global Health CIBERESP, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Bombay Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, UMR CNRS-MNHN 7206 Eco-anthropologie, University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, National Institute of Public Health, Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Abt Associates, University of Iceland, University of Yaoundé1, Federal University of Pelotas, University of Medicine 1, Oulu University Hospital, Banska Bystrica Regional Authority of Public Health, Tel- Aviv University, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, University of Porto Medical School, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Non- Communicable Diseases Research Center, Indian Council of Medical Research, University of Science and Technology, Medical University of Lodz, Medical University of Gdansk, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid CIBERESP, University of Rzeszów, University of Palermo, Pan American Health Organization, Mohammed V University de Rabat, University of Pernambuco, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Dalhousie University, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Federal University of Maranhao, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, University College Dublin, Christian Medical College, Care and Consumer Protection, Cafam University Foundation, Kazakh National Medical University, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, University of Saõ Paulo, B J Medical College, Chirayu Medical College, Sunder Lal Jain Hospital, The Hospital for Sick Children, Aga Khan University, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Universidad de la República, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies, Ufa Eye Research Institute, Nepal Health Research Council, University of Montenegro, University of Southern Denmark, University of Gothenburg, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, University of Turin, University College London, Liverpool John Moores University, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology Research Centre, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas, IRCCS Neuromed, Toulouse University School of Medicine, University of Zurich, University Hospital KU Leuven, Flemish Agency for Care and Health, Ghent University, FrieslandCampina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Bielefeld University, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, German Cancer Research Center, The Fred Hollows Foundation, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Swansea University, University College Copenhagen, Institute of Public Health, Munster Technological University, Universidad de La Laguna, University of Malta, Vanderbilt University, Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute, Hospital Santa Maria, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Ministry of Public Health, Gaetano Fucito Hospital, University of Groningen, Karolinska Institutet, Centro de Estudios sobre Nutrición Infantil, University of Porto, University of Zaragoza, Santiago de Compostela University, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Federal University of Rio Grande, India Diabetes Research Foundation, Duke-NUS Medical School, ICMR - National Institute of Medical Statistics, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Academia Sinica, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Duke University, Kailuan General Hospital, University of Oxford, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, The Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, National Centre of Public Health and Analyses, University of Fribourg, Ministry of Health and Welfare, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Medical University of Silesia, Charles University, Thomayer Hospital, Primary Health Care, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Statistics Canada, UMR CNRS- MNHN 7206 Eco-anthropologie, Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Southampton, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, CIBEROBN, University of Debrecen, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, National Research Council, Eftimie Murgu University Resita, Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition, Indian Statistical Institute, Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Geneva University Hospitals, Sciensano, University Medical Centers, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Innovating Health International, University of Montreal, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, French Public Health Agency, Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Epidemiology and Microbiology, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, University of Novi Sad, National Institute of Nutrition, University of Queensland, Istituto Superiore di Sanita`, Universidad de Cuenca, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Ministere de la Santéet de l’Hygiene Publique, University Hospital Düsseldorf, National Institute of Cardiology, Medical University of Lod, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, UMI 3189 ESS, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, University of Latvia, Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, University of Skövde, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, The University of the West Indies, University of California Davis, University of Stellenbosch, University of Duisburg- Essen, Karadeniz Technical University, University of Helsinki, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Queen’s University of Belfast, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Centro de Salud Villanueva Norte, Hospital Don Benito-Villanueva de la Serena, University of Insubria, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Institute of Mother and Child, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, University of Tartu, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Umeå University, Federal University of Saõ Paulo, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Kindai University, Kyoto University, Medical University of Warsaw, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Ministero della Salute DG Prevenzione Sanitaria, University of Catania, CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Africa Health Research Institute, Geneva University Medical School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Utrecht University, Wageningen University, University of Adelaide, Lund University, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Institut National de la Santéet de la Recherche Médicale, Paris University, McGill University, Gasol Foundation, University of Lleida, PASs Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, St Anne’s University Hospital, Centro de Estudios en Diabetes A.C, Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Ferrara, Authority Sanitaria San Marino, Icelandic Heart Association, Universidad Icesi, State University of Montes Claros, King’s College London, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Capital Medical University, Capital Medical University Beijing Tongren Hospital, Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute, University of Ibadan, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, National Health Insurance Service, Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research and Education Institute of Child Health, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, International Hellenic University, Kyushu University, University of Bergen, Tulane University, National Research Institute for Health and Family Planning, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, University of Pécs, Danish Health Authority, Joep Lange Institute, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, ETH Zurich, Chronic Diseases Research Center, University of Hong Kong, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, University of Western Australia, University Ramon Llull, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander, University Oran 1, Ministry of Health and Sports, Peking University, VU University Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Cairo University, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Medical University Varna, The University of Tokyo, Deakin University, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Hadassah University Medical Center, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Sports University of Tirana, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Heart Foundation, Guangzhou 12th Hospital, Universidad Eugenio Maria de Hostos, University of Duisburg-Essen, Simon Fraser University, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, University of New South Wales, World Health Organization Country Office, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Gulu University, University of Crete, Sri Venkateswara University, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Hellenic Medical Association for Obesity, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Aarhus University, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, National Institute of Epidemiology, University of Münster, Israel Center for Disease Control, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non- communicable Disease, Amsterdam UMC Public Health Research Institute, South African Medical Research Council, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Research Institute of Child Nutrition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Hypertension Research Center, Medical University of Innsbruck, VASCage, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, National Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University College South Denmark, Statistics Austria, B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, University of Vienna, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation, Tartu University Clinics, Kansai Medical University, Hungarian School Sport Federation, Ministry of Health and Quality of Life, University Hospital Ulm, North-West University, University of Jyväskylä, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, African Population and Health Research Center, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hassan First University of Settat, Harokopio University, Sahlgrenska Academy, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, University of Public Health, International Food Policy Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Tampere University Hospital, University of Douala, University of Cape Town, National Institute for Health Development, West Virginia University, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Rene Rachou Research Institute, National Taiwan University, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Uppsala University, Taipei Medical University, Sports Medical Center of Minho, Universidad San Martín de Porres, Consejería de Sanidad Junta de Castilla y León, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Norrbotten County Council, Ilembula Lutheran Hospital, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, University of Coimbra, Coimbra University Hospital Center, Institute of Neuroscience of the National Research Council, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Agricultural University of Athens, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, SB RAS Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, University of Otago, University of Padua, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Loughborough University, Lausanne University Hospital, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, CIBERCV, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mediques, Mary Immaculate College, Emory University, Hungarian Society of Sports Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, ICMR - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Brown University, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Robert Koch Institute, Universidade de Lisboa, Women’s Social and Health Studies Foundation, Democritus University, Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universita` degli Studi di Firenze, Ain Shams University, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg University Hospital, Mulago Hospital, University of San Carlos of Guatemala, University of Limpopo, University of Medical Sciences of Cienfuegos, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, La Trobe University, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, University of Brescia, Ministry of Health and Social Protection, University of Limerick, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Ulm University, Kobe University, Suraj Eye Institute, UNICEF, University Medicine Greifswald, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi Medical University, LifeDoc Health, Heartfile, Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network, University of Manchester, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tachikawa General Hospital, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Japan Wildlife Research Center, Istanbul University, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), University of Madeira, University of Puerto Rico, Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, UniSanté, Prevention and Clinical Network, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, IRCCS Ente Ospedaliero Specializzato in Gastroenterologia S. de Bellis, Zayed University, Catholic University of Daegu, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, Jivandeep Hospital, Healis- Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, National Dental Care Centre Singapore, Universidad de Málaga, University Hospital of Varese, Vietnam National Heart Institute, Clínica de Medicina Avanzada Dr. Abel González, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, University of Sarajevo, Cardiovascular Prevention Centre Udine, Pisa University Hospital, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Pure Earth, Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research, University of Turku, Institut Universitari d’Investigacióen AtencióPrima` ria Jordi Gol, Universiti Putra Malaysia, University of Malaya, Sotiria Hospital, University of Valencia, University of the Philippines, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Nutrition Research Foundation, Minas Gerais State Secretariat for Health, CS S. Agustín Ibsalut, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Universidade Nove de Julho, Public Health Agency of Canada, Canarian Health Service, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Associazione Calabrese di Epatologia, University of Minho, Fiji National University, Spanish Nutrition Foundation, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Institute of Food Sciences of the National Research Council, Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, Kindergarten of Avlonari, National Institute of Health, Catalan Department of Health, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, South Karelia Social and Health Care District, McMaster University, University of Saõ Paulo Clinics Hospital, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Rigshospitalet, Academic Medical Center of University of Amsterdam, The George Institute for Global Health, Center for Oral Health Services and Research Mid-Norway, Lagos State University College of Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Comenius University, National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, Sungkyunkwan University, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Public Health Promotion and Development Organization, St Vincent’s Hospital, Nes Municipality, Health Polytechnic Jakarta II Institute, Diponegoro University, University of Bari, Institut Régional de SantéPublique, University of Bordeaux, Oslo Metropolitan University, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, University of Leuven, Lamprecht und Stamm Sozialforschung und Beratung AG, Bonn University, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Kalina Malina Kindergarten, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, National Statistical Office, Scientific Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health, University of Lincoln, Central University of Kerala, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Health Service of Murcia, Institut d’Investigacio Sanitaria Illes Balears, University of Bologna, Hellenic Health Foundation, Government Medical College, Sefako Makgatho Health Science University, Addis Ababa University, Universidad Centro-Occidental Lisandro Alvarado, Meharry Medical College, Dokuz Eylul University, University of Tampere Tays Eye Center, Sabiha Gokcen Ilkokulu, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Universidad CEU San Pablo, University Miguel Hernandez, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Sunflower Nursery School, North Karelia Center for Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Medical University of Vienna, Cork Institute of Technology, Institute for Medical Research, Xinjiang Medical University, Shanghai Educational Development Co. Ltd, Orebro University, University of London, Universitas Indonesia, Institute of Food and Nutrition Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, University of Cyprus, Niigata University, International Medical University, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Care, Peking University First Hospital, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sun Yat-sen University, West Kazakhstan Medical University, Inner Mongolia Medical University, University of Ghana, Maria Lc Iurilli , Bin Zhou , James E Bennett , Rodrigo M Carrillo-Larco , Marisa K Sophiea , Andrea Rodriguez-Martinez , Honor Bixby , Bethlehem D Solomon , Cristina Taddei , Goodarz Danaei , Mariachiara Di Cesare , Gretchen A Stevens , Leanne M Riley , Stefan Savin , Melanie J Cowan , Pascal Bovet , Albertino Damasceno , Adela Chirita-Emandi , Alison J Hayes , Nayu Ikeda , Rod T Jackson , Young-Ho Khang , Avula Laxmaiah , Jing Liu , J Jaime Miranda , Olfa Saidi , Sylvain Sebert , Maroje Sorić , Gregor Starc , Edward W Gregg , Leandra Abarca-Gómez , Ziad A Abdeen , Shynar Abdrakhmanova , Suhaila Abdul Ghaffar , Hanan F Abdul Rahim , Niveen M Abu-Rmeileh , Jamila Abubakar Garba , Benjamin Acosta-Cazares , Robert J Adams , Wichai Aekplakorn , Kaosar Afsana , Shoaib Afzal , Imelda A Agdeppa , Javad Aghazadeh-Attari , Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas , Charles Agyemang , Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad , Noor Ani Ahmad , Ali Ahmadi , Naser Ahmadi , Soheir H Ahmed , Wolfgang Ahrens , Gulmira Aitmurzaeva , Kamel Ajlouni , Hazzaa M Al-Hazzaa , Badreya Al-Lahou , Rajaa Al-Raddadi , Monira Alarouj , Fadia AlBuhairan , Shahla AlDhukair , Mohamed M Ali , Abdullah Alkandari , Ala'a Alkerwi , Kristine Allin , Mar Alvarez-Pedrerol , Eman Aly , Deepak N Amarapurkar , Parisa Amiri , Norbert Amougou , Philippe Amouyel , Lars Bo Andersen , Sigmund A Anderssen , Lars Ängquist , Ranjit Mohan Anjana , Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam , Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri , Joana Araújo , Inger Ariansen , Tahir Aris , Raphael E Arku , Nimmathota Arlappa , Krishna K Aryal , Thor Aspelund , Felix K Assah , Maria Cecília F Assunção , May Soe Aung , Juha Auvinen , Mária Avdicová , Shina Avi , Ana Azevedo , Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad , Fereidoun Azizi , Mehrdad Azmin , Bontha V Babu , Maja Bæksgaard Jørgensen , Azli Baharudin , Suhad Bahijri , Jennifer L Baker , Nagalla Balakrishna , Mohamed Bamoshmoosh , Maciej Banach , Piotr Bandosz , José R Banegas , Joanna Baran , Barbagallo CM, Alberto Barceló , Amina Barkat , Aluisio Jd Barros , Mauro Virgílio Gomes Barros , Abdul Basit , Joao Luiz D Bastos , Iqbal Bata , Anwar M Batieha , Rosangela L Batista , Zhamilya Battakova , Assembekov Batyrbek , Louise A Baur , Robert Beaglehole , Silvia Bel-Serrat , Antonisamy Belavendra , Habiba Ben Romdhane , Judith Benedics , Mikhail Benet , Ingunn Holden Bergh , Salim Berkinbayev , Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz , Gailute Bernotiene , Heloísa Bettiol , Jorge Bezerra , Aroor Bhagyalaxmi , Sumit Bharadwaj , Santosh K Bhargava , Zulfiqar A Bhutta , Hongsheng Bi , Yufang Bi , Daniel Bia , Elysée Claude Bika Lele, Mukharram M Bikbov , Bihungum Bista , Dusko J Bjelica , Peter Bjerregaard , Espen Bjertness , Marius B Bjertness , Cecilia Björkelund , Katia V Bloch , Anneke Blokstra , Simona Bo , Martin Bobak , Lynne M Boddy , Bernhard O Boehm , Heiner Boeing , Jose G Boggia , Elena Bogova , Carlos P Boissonnet , Stig E Bojesen , Marialaura Bonaccio , Vanina Bongard , Alice Bonilla-Vargas , Matthias Bopp , Herman Borghs , Lien Braeckevelt , Lutgart Braeckman , Marjolijn Ce Bragt , Imperia Brajkovich , Francesco Branca , Juergen Breckenkamp , João Breda , Hermann Brenner , Lizzy M Brewster , Garry R Brian , Lacramioara Brinduse , Sinead Brophy , Graziella Bruno , H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita , Anna Bugge , Marta Buoncristiano , Genc Burazeri , Con Burns , Antonio Cabrera de León , Joseph Cacciottolo , Hui Cai , Tilema Cama , Christine Cameron , José Camolas , Günay Can , Ana Paula C Cândido , Felicia Cañete , Mario V Capanzana , Nadežda Capková , Eduardo Capuano , Vincenzo Capuano , Marloes Cardol , Viviane C Cardoso , Axel C Carlsson , Esteban Carmuega , Joana Carvalho , José A Casajús , Felipe F Casanueva , Ertugrul Celikcan , Laura Censi , Marvin Cervantes-Loaiza , Juraci A Cesar , Snehalatha Chamukuttan , Angelique W Chan , Queenie Chan , Himanshu K Chaturvedi , Nish Chaturvedi , Norsyamlina Che Abdul Rahim , Miao Li Chee , Chien-Jen Chen , Fangfang Chen , Huashuai Chen , Shuohua Chen , Zhengming Chen , Ching-Yu Cheng , Bahman Cheraghian , Angela Chetrit , Ekaterina Chikova-Iscener , Arnaud Chiolero , Shu-Ti Chiou , María-Dolores Chirlaque , Belong Cho , Kaare Christensen , Diego G Christofaro , Jerzy Chudek , Renata Cifkova , Michelle Cilia , Eliza Cinteza , Frank Claessens , Janine Clarke , Els Clays , Emmanuel Cohen , Hans Concin , Susana C Confortin , Cyrus Cooper , Tara C Coppinger , Eva Corpeleijn , Simona Costanzo , Dominique Cottel , Chris Cowell , Cora L Craig , Amelia C Crampin , Ana B Crujeiras , Semánová Csilla , Alexandra M Cucu , Liufu Cui , Felipe V Cureau , Ewelina Czenczek-Lewandowska , Graziella D'Arrigo , Eleonora d'Orsi , Liliana Dacica , María Ángeles Dal Re Saavedra , Jean Dallongeville , Camilla T Damsgaard , Rachel Dankner , Thomas M Dantoft , Parasmani Dasgupta , Saeed Dastgiri , Luc Dauchet , Kairat Davletov , Guy De Backer , Dirk De Bacquer , Giovanni de Gaetano , Stefaan De Henauw , Paula Duarte de Oliveira , David De Ridder , Karin De Ridder , Susanne R de Rooij , Delphine De Smedt , Mohan Deepa , Alexander D Deev , Vincent Jr DeGennaro , Abbas Dehghan , Hélène Delisle , Francis Delpeuch , Stefaan Demarest , Elaine Dennison , Katarzyna Dereń , Valérie Deschamps , Meghnath Dhimal , Augusto F Di Castelnuovo , Juvenal Soares Dias-da-Costa , María Elena Díaz-Sánchez , Alejandro Diaz , Zivka Dika , Shirin Djalalinia , Visnja Djordjic , Ha Tp Do , Annette J Dobson , Maria Benedetta Donati , Chiara Donfrancesco , Silvana P Donoso , Angela Döring , Maria Dorobantu , Ahmad Reza Dorosty , Kouamelan Doua , Nico Dragano , Wojciech Drygas , Jia Li Duan , Charmaine A Duante , Priscilla Duboz , Rosemary B Duda , Vesselka Duleva , Virginija Dulskiene , Samuel C Dumith , Anar Dushpanova , Vilnis Dzerve , Elzbieta Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk , Ricky Eddie , Ebrahim Eftekhar , Eruke E Egbagbe , Robert Eggertsen , Sareh Eghtesad , Gabriele Eiben , Ulf Ekelund , Mohammad El-Khateeb , Jalila El Ati , Denise Eldemire-Shearer , Marie Eliasen , Paul Elliott , Reina Engle-Stone , Macia Enguerran , Rajiv T Erasmus , Raimund Erbel , Cihangir Erem , Louise Eriksen , Johan G Eriksson , Jorge Escobedo-de la Peña , Saeid Eslami , Ali Esmaeili , Alun Evans , David Faeh , Albina A Fakhretdinova , Caroline H Fall , Elnaz Faramarzi , Mojtaba Farjam , Victoria Farrugia Sant'Angelo , Farshad Farzadfar , Mohammad Reza Fattahi , Asher Fawwad , Francisco J Felix-Redondo , Trevor S Ferguson , Romulo A Fernandes , Daniel Fernández-Bergés , Daniel Ferrante , Thomas Ferrao , Marika Ferrari , Marco M Ferrario , Catterina Ferreccio , Eldridge Ferrer , Jean Ferrieres , Thamara Hubler Figueiró , Anna Fijalkowska , Günther Fink , Krista Fischer , Leng Huat Foo , Maria Forsner , Heba M Fouad , Damian K Francis , Maria do Carmo Franco , Ruth Frikke-Schmidt , Guillermo Frontera , Flavio D Fuchs , Sandra C Fuchs , Isti I Fujiati , Yuki Fujita , Matsuda Fumihiko , Takuro Furusawa , Zbigniew Gaciong , Mihai Gafencu , Andrzej Galbarczyk , Henrike Galenkamp , Daniela Galeone , Myriam Galfo , Fabio Galvano , Jingli Gao , Manoli Garcia-de-la-Hera , Marta García-Solano , Dickman Gareta , Sarah P Garnett , Jean-Michel Gaspoz , Magda Gasull , Adroaldo Cesar Araujo Gaya , Anelise Reis Gaya , Andrea Gazzinelli , Ulrike Gehring , Harald Geiger , Johanna M Geleijnse , Ali Ghanbari , Erfan Ghasemi , Oana-Florentina Gheorghe-Fronea , Simona Giampaoli , Francesco Gianfagna , Tiffany K Gill , Jonathan Giovannelli , Glen Gironella , Aleksander Giwercman , Konstantinos Gkiouras , Justyna Godos , Sibel Gogen , Marcel Goldberg , Rebecca A Goldsmith , David Goltzman , Santiago F Gómez , Aleksandra Gomula , Bruna Goncalves Cordeiro da Silva , Helen Gonçalves , David A Gonzalez-Chica , Marcela Gonzalez-Gross , Margot González-Leon , Juan P González-Rivas , Clicerio González-Villalpando , María-Elena González-Villalpando , Angel R Gonzalez , Frederic Gottrand , Antonio Pedro Graça , Sidsel Graff-Iversen , Dušan Grafnetter , Aneta Grajda , Maria G Grammatikopoulou , Ronald D Gregor , Tomasz Grodzicki , Else Karin Grøholt , Anders Grøntved , Giuseppe Grosso , Gabriella Gruden , Dongfeng Gu , Emanuela Gualdi-Russo , Pilar Guallar-Castillón , Andrea Gualtieri , Elias F Gudmundsson , Vilmundur Gudnason , Ramiro Guerrero , Idris Guessous , Andre L Guimaraes , Martin C Gulliford , Johanna Gunnlaugsdottir , Marc J Gunter , Xiu-Hua Guo , Yin Guo , Prakash C Gupta , Rajeev Gupta , Oye Gureje , Beata Gurzkowska , Enrique Gutiérrez-González , Laura Gutierrez , Felix Gutzwiller , Seongjun Ha , Farzad Hadaegh , Charalambos A Hadjigeorgiou , Rosa Haghshenas , Hamid Hakimi , Jytte Halkjær , Ian R Hambleton , Behrooz Hamzeh , Dominique Hange , Abu Am Hanif , Sari Hantunen , Jie Hao , Rachakulla Hari Kumar , Seyed Mohammad Hashemi-Shahri , Maria Hassapidou , Jun Hata , Teresa Haugsgjerd , Jiang He , Yuan He , Yuna He , Regina Heidinger-Felso , Mirjam Heinen , Tatjana Hejgaard , Marleen Elisabeth Hendriks , Rafael Dos Santos Henrique , Ana Henriques , Leticia Hernandez Cadena , Sauli Herrala , Victor M Herrera , Isabelle Herter-Aeberli , Ramin Heshmat , Allan G Hill , Sai Yin Ho , Suzanne C Ho , Michael Hobbs , Michelle Holdsworth , Reza Homayounfar , Clara Homs , Wilma M Hopman , Andrea Rvr Horimoto , Claudia M Hormiga , Bernardo L Horta , Leila Houti , Christina Howitt , Thein Thein Htay , Aung Soe Htet , Maung Maung Than Htike , Yonghua Hu , José María Huerta , Ilpo Tapani Huhtaniemi , Laetitia Huiart , Constanta Huidumac Petrescu , Martijn Huisman , Abdullatif Husseini , Chinh Nguyen Huu , Inge Huybrechts , Nahla Hwalla , Jolanda Hyska , Licia Iacoviello , Jesús M Ibarluzea , Mohsen M Ibrahim , Norazizah Ibrahim Wong , M Arfan Ikram , Violeta Iotova , Vilma E Irazola , Takafumi Ishida , Muhammad Islam , Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam , Masanori Iwasaki , Jeremy M Jacobs , Hashem Y Jaddou , Tazeen Jafar , Kenneth James , Kazi M Jamil , Konrad Jamrozik , Imre Janszky , Edward Janus , Juel Jarani , Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin , Grazyna Jasienska , Ana Jelakovic , Bojan Jelakovic , Garry Jennings , Anjani Kumar Jha , Chao Qiang Jiang , Ramon O Jimenez , Karl-Heinz Jöckel , Michel Joffres , Mattias Johansson , Jari J Jokelainen , Jost B Jonas , Jitendra Jonnagaddala , Torben Jørgensen , Pradeep Joshi , Farahnaz Joukar , Dragana P Jovic , Jacek J Jóźwiak , Anne Juolevi , Gregor Jurak , Iulia Jurca Simina , Vesna Juresa , Rudolf Kaaks , Felix O Kaducu , Anthony Kafatos , Eero O Kajantie , Zhanna Kalmatayeva , Ofra Kalter-Leibovici , Yves Kameli , Freja B Kampmann , Kodanda R Kanala , Srinivasan Kannan , Efthymios Kapantais , Argyro Karakosta , Line L Kårhus , Khem B Karki , Marzieh Katibeh , Joanne Katz , Peter T Katzmarzyk , Jussi Kauhanen , Prabhdeep Kaur , Maryam Kavousi , Gyulli M Kazakbaeva , Ulrich Keil , Lital Keinan Boker , Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi , Roya Kelishadi , Cecily Kelleher , Han Cg Kemper , Andre P Kengne , Maryam Keramati , Alina Kerimkulova , Mathilde Kersting , Timothy Key , Yousef Saleh Khader , Davood Khalili , Kay-Tee Khaw , Bahareh Kheiri , Motahareh Kheradmand , Alireza Khosravi , Ilse Msl Khouw , Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer , Stefan Kiechl , Japhet Killewo , Dong Wook Kim , Hyeon Chang Kim , Jeongseon Kim , Jenny M Kindblom , Heidi Klakk , Magdalena Klimek , Jeannette Klimont , Jurate Klumbiene , Michael Knoflach , Bhawesh Koirala , Elin Kolle , Patrick Kolsteren , Jürgen König , Raija Korpelainen , Paul Korrovits , Magdalena Korzycka , Jelena Kos , Seppo Koskinen , Katsuyasu Kouda , Viktoria A Kovacs , Sudhir Kowlessur , Slawomir Koziel , Jana Kratenova , Wolfgang Kratzer , Susi Kriemler , Peter Lund Kristensen , Steinar Krokstad , Daan Kromhout , Herculina S Kruger , Ruzena Kubinova , Renata Kuciene , Urho M Kujala , Enisa Kujundzic , Zbigniew Kulaga , R Krishna Kumar , Marie Kunešová , Pawel Kurjata , Yadlapalli S Kusuma , Kari Kuulasmaa , Catherine Kyobutungi , Quang Ngoc La , Fatima Zahra Laamiri , Tiina Laatikainen , Carl Lachat , Youcef Laid , Tai Hing Lam , Christina-Paulina Lambrinou , Edwige Landais , Vera Lanska , Georg Lappas , Bagher Larijani , Tint Swe Latt , Laura Lauria , Maria Lazo-Porras , Gwenaëlle Le Coroller , Khanh Le Nguyen Bao , Agnès Le Port , Tuyen D Le , Jeannette Lee , Jeonghee Lee , Paul H Lee , Nils Lehmann , Terho Lehtimäki , Daniel Lemogoum , Naomi S Levitt , Yanping Li , Merike Liivak , Christa L Lilly , Wei-Yen Lim , M Fernanda Lima-Costa , Hsien-Ho Lin , Xu Lin , Yi-Ting Lin , Lars Lind , Allan Linneberg , Lauren Lissner , Mieczyslaw Litwin , Lijuan Liu , Wei-Cheng Lo , Helle-Mai Loit , Khuong Quynh Long , Luis Lopes , Oscar Lopes , Esther Lopez-Garcia , Tania Lopez , Paulo A Lotufo , José Eugenio Lozano , Janice L Lukrafka , Dalia Luksiene , Annamari Lundqvist , Robert Lundqvist , Nuno Lunet , Charles Lunogelo , Michala Lustigová , Edyta Łuszczki , Guansheng Ma , Jun Ma , Xu Ma , George Ll Machado-Coelho , Aristides M Machado-Rodrigues , Luisa M Macieira , Ahmed A Madar , Stefania Maggi , Dianna J Magliano , Sara Magnacca , Emmanuella Magriplis , Gowri Mahasampath , Bernard Maire , Marjeta Majer , Marcia Makdisse , Päivi Mäki , Fatemeh Malekzadeh , Reza Malekzadeh , Rahul Malhotra , Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Rao , Sofia K Malyutina , Lynell V Maniego , Yannis Manios , Jim I Mann , Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei , Enzo Manzato , Paula Margozzini , Anastasia Markaki , Oonagh Markey , Eliza Markidou Ioannidou , Pedro Marques-Vidal , Larissa Pruner Marques , Jaume Marrugat , Yves Martin-Prevel , Rosemarie Martin , Reynaldo Martorell , Eva Martos , Katharina Maruszczak , Stefano Marventano , Luis P Mascarenhas , Shariq R Masoodi , Ellisiv B Mathiesen , Prashant Mathur , Alicia Matijasevich , Tandi E Matsha , Christina Mavrogianni , Artur Mazur , Jean Claude N Mbanya , Shelly R McFarlane , Stephen T McGarvey , Martin McKee , Stela McLachlan , Rachael M McLean , Scott B McLean , Breige A McNulty , Sounnia Mediene Benchekor , Jurate Medzioniene , Parinaz Mehdipour , Kirsten Mehlig , Amir Houshang Mehrparvar , Aline Meirhaeghe , Jørgen Meisfjord , Christa Meisinger , Ana Maria B Menezes , Geetha R Menon , Gert Bm Mensink , Maria Teresa Menzano , Alibek Mereke , Indrapal I Meshram , Andres Metspalu , Haakon E Meyer , Jie Mi , Kim F Michaelsen , Nathalie Michels , Kairit Mikkel , Karolina Milkowska , Jody C Miller , Cláudia S Minderico , G K Mini , Juan Francisco Miquel , Mohammad Reza Mirjalili , Daphne Mirkopoulou , Erkin Mirrakhimov , Marjeta Mišigoj-Durakovic , Antonio Mistretta , Veronica Mocanu , Pietro A Modesti , Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam , Bahram Mohajer , Mostafa K Mohamed , Shukri F Mohamed , Kazem Mohammad , Zahra Mohammadi , Noushin Mohammadifard , Reza Mohammadpourhodki , Viswanathan Mohan , Salim Mohanna , Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff , Iraj Mohebbi , Farnam Mohebi , Marie Moitry , Drude Molbo , Line T Møllehave , Niels C Møller , Dénes Molnár , Amirabbas Momenan , Charles K Mondo , Michele Monroy-Valle , Eric Monterrubio-Flores , Kotsedi Daniel K Monyeki , Jin Soo Moon , Mahmood Moosazadeh , Leila B Moreira , Alain Morejon , Luis A Moreno , Karen Morgan , Suzanne N Morin , Erik Lykke Mortensen , George Moschonis , Malgorzata Mossakowska , Aya Mostafa , Anabela Mota-Pinto , Jorge Mota , Mohammad Esmaeel Motlagh , Jorge Motta , Marcos André Moura-Dos-Santos , Malay K Mridha , Kelias P Msyamboza , Thet Thet Mu , Magdalena Muc , Boban Mugoša , Maria L Muiesan , Parvina Mukhtorova , Martina Müller-Nurasyid , Neil Murphy , Jaakko Mursu , Elaine M Murtagh , Kamarul Imran Musa , Sanja Music Milanovic , Vera Musil , Norlaila Mustafa , Iraj Nabipour , Shohreh Naderimagham , Gabriele Nagel , Balkish M Naidu , Farid Najafi , Harunobu Nakamura , Jana Námešná , Ei Ei K Nang , Vinay B Nangia , Martin Nankap , Sameer Narake , Paola Nardone , Matthias Nauck , William A Neal , Azim Nejatizadeh , Chandini Nekkantti , Keiu Nelis , Liis Nelis , Ilona Nenko , Martin Neovius , Flavio Nervi , Chung T Nguyen , Nguyen D Nguyen , Quang Ngoc Nguyen , Ramfis E Nieto-Martínez , Yury P Nikitin , Guang Ning , Toshiharu Ninomiya , Sania Nishtar , Marianna Noale , Oscar A Noboa , Helena Nogueira , Teresa Norat , Maria Nordendahl , Børge G Nordestgaard , Davide Noto , Natalia Nowak-Szczepanska , Mohannad Al Nsour , Irfan Nuhoglu , Eha Nurk , Terence W O'Neill , Dermot O'Reilly , Galina Obreja , Caleb Ochimana , Angélica M Ochoa-Avilés , Eiji Oda , Kyungwon Oh , Kumiko Ohara , Claes Ohlsson , Ryutaro Ohtsuka , Örn Olafsson , Maria Teresa A Olinto , Isabel O Oliveira , Mohd Azahadi Omar , Altan Onat , Sok King Ong , Lariane M Ono , Pedro Ordunez , Rui Ornelas , Ana P Ortiz , Pedro J Ortiz , Merete Osler , Clive Osmond , Sergej M Ostojic , Afshin Ostovar , Johanna A Otero , Kim Overvad , Ellis Owusu-Dabo , Fred Michel Paccaud , Cristina Padez , Ioannis Pagkalos , Elena Pahomova , Karina Mary de Paiva , Andrzej Pajak , Domenico Palli , Alberto Palloni , Luigi Palmieri , Wen-Harn Pan , Songhomitra Panda-Jonas , Arvind Pandey , Francesco Panza , Dimitrios Papandreou , Soon-Woo Park , Suyeon Park , Winsome R Parnell , Mahboubeh Parsaeian , Ionela M Pascanu , Patrick Pasquet , Nikhil D Patel , Ivan Pecin , Mangesh S Pednekar , Nasheeta Peer , Gao Pei , Sergio Viana Peixoto , Markku Peltonen , Alexandre C Pereira , Marco A Peres , Napoleón Pérez-Farinós , Cynthia M Pérez , Valentina Peterkova , Annette Peters , Astrid Petersmann , Janina Petkeviciene , Ausra Petrauskiene , Emanuela Pettenuzzo , Niloofar Peykari , Son Thai Pham , Rafael N Pichardo , Daniela Pierannunzio , Iris Pigeot , Hynek Pikhart , Aida Pilav , Lorenza Pilotto , Francesco Pistelli , Freda Pitakaka , Aleksandra Piwonska , Andreia N Pizarro , Pedro Plans-Rubió , Bee Koon Poh , Hermann Pohlabeln , Raluca M Pop , Stevo R Popovic , Miquel Porta , Georg Posch , Anil Poudyal , Dimitrios Poulimeneas , Hamed Pouraram , Farhad Pourfarzi , Akram Pourshams , Hossein Poustchi , Rajendra Pradeepa , Alison J Price , Jacqueline F Price , Rui Providencia , Jardena J Puder , Iveta Pudule , Soile E Puhakka , Maria Puiu , Margus Punab , Radwan F Qasrawi , Mostafa Qorbani , Tran Quoc Bao , Ivana Radic , Ricardas Radisauskas , Salar Rahimikazerooni , Mahfuzar Rahman , Mahmudur Rahman , Olli Raitakari , Manu Raj , Ellina Rakhimova , Sherali Rakhmatulloev , Ivo Rakovac , Sudha Ramachandra Rao , Ambady Ramachandran , Jacqueline Ramke , Elisabete Ramos , Rafel Ramos , Lekhraj Rampal , Sanjay Rampal , Vayia Rarra , Ramon A Rascon-Pacheco , Mette Rasmussen , Cassiano Ricardo Rech , Josep Redon , Paul Ferdinand M Reganit , Valéria Regecová , Luis Revilla , Abbas Rezaianzadeh , Lourdes Ribas-Barba , Robespierre Ribeiro , Elio Riboli , Adrian Richter , Fernando Rigo , Natascia Rinaldo , Tobias F Rinke de Wit , Ana Rito , Raphael M Ritti-Dias , Juan A Rivera , Cynthia Robitaille , Romana Roccaldo , Daniela Rodrigues , Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo , María Del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez , Laura A Rodríguez-Villamizar , Ulla Roggenbuck , Rosalba Rojas-Martinez , Nipa Rojroongwasinkul , Dora Romaguera , Elisabetta L Romeo , Rafaela V Rosario , Annika Rosengren , Ian Rouse , Joel Gr Roy , Adolfo Rubinstein , Frank J Rühli , Jean-Bernard Ruidavets , Blanca Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt , Maria Ruiz-Castell , Emma Ruiz Moreno , Iuliia A Rusakova , Kenisha Russell Jonsson , Paola Russo , Petra Rust , Marcin Rutkowski , Charumathi Sabanayagam , Elena Sacchini , Harshpal S Sachdev , Alireza Sadjadi , Ali Reza Safarpour , Saeid Safiri , Nader Saki , Benoit Salanave , Eduardo Salazar Martinez , Diego Salmerón , Veikko Salomaa , Jukka T Salonen , Massimo Salvetti , Margarita Samoutian , Jose Sánchez-Abanto , Sandjaja , Susana Sans , Loreto Santa Marina , Diana A Santos , Ina S Santos , Lèlita C Santos , Maria Paula Santos , Osvaldo Santos , Rute Santos , Sara Santos Sanz , Jouko L Saramies , Luis B Sardinha , Nizal Sarrafzadegan , Thirunavukkarasu Sathish , Kai-Uwe Saum , Savvas Savva , Mathilde Savy , Norie Sawada , Mariana Sbaraini , Marcia Scazufca , Beatriz D Schaan , Angelika Schaffrath Rosario , Herman Schargrodsky , Anja Schienkiewitz , Sabine Schipf , Carsten O Schmidt , Ida Maria Schmidt , Peter Schnohr , Ben Schöttker , Sara Schramm , Stine Schramm , Helmut Schröder , Constance Schultsz , Aletta E Schutte , Aye Aye Sein , Rusidah Selamat , Vedrana Sember , Abhijit Sen , Idowu O Senbanjo , Sadaf G Sepanlou , Victor Sequera , Luis Serra-Majem , Jennifer Servais , Ludmila Ševcíková , Svetlana A Shalnova , Teresa Shamah-Levy , Morteza Shamshirgaran , Coimbatore Subramaniam Shanthirani , Maryam Sharafkhah , Sanjib K Sharma , Jonathan E Shaw , Amaneh Shayanrad , Ali Akbar Shayesteh , Lela Shengelia , Zumin Shi , Kenji Shibuya , Hana Shimizu-Furusawa , Dong Wook Shin , Majid Shirani , Rahman Shiri , Namuna Shrestha , Khairil Si-Ramlee , Alfonso Siani , Rosalynn Siantar , Abla M Sibai , Antonio M Silva , Diego Augusto Santos Silva , Mary Simon , Judith Simons , Leon A Simons , Agneta Sjöberg , Michael Sjöström , Gry Skodje , Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer , Przemyslaw Slusarczyk , Liam Smeeth , Hung-Kwan So , Fernanda Cunha Soares , Grzegorz Sobek , Eugène Sobngwi , Morten Sodemann , Stefan Söderberg , Moesijanti Ye Soekatri , Agustinus Soemantri , Reecha Sofat , Vincenzo Solfrizzi , Mohammad Hossein Somi , Emily Sonestedt , Yi Song , Thorkild Ia Sørensen , Elin P Sørgjerd , Charles Sossa Jérome , Victoria E Soto-Rojas , Aïcha Soumaré , Slavica Sovic , Bente Sparboe-Nilsen , Karen Sparrenberger , Angela Spinelli , Igor Spiroski , Jan A Staessen , Hanspeter Stamm , Maria G Stathopoulou , Kaspar Staub , Bill Stavreski , Jostein Steene-Johannessen , Peter Stehle , Aryeh D Stein , George S Stergiou , Jochanan Stessman , Ranko Stevanovic , Jutta Stieber , Doris Stöckl , Tanja Stocks , Jakub Stokwiszewski , Ekaterina Stoyanova , Gareth Stratton , Karien Stronks , Maria Wany Strufaldi , Lela Sturua , Ramón Suárez-Medina , Machi Suka , Chien-An Sun , Johan Sundström , Yn-Tz Sung , Jordi Sunyer , Paibul Suriyawongpaisal , Boyd A Swinburn , Rody G Sy , Holly E Syddall , René Charles Sylva , Moyses Szklo , Lucjan Szponar , E Shyong Tai , Mari-Liis Tammesoo , Abdonas Tamosiunas , Eng Joo Tan , Xun Tang , Maya Tanrygulyyeva , Frank Tanser , Yong Tao , Mohammed Rasoul Tarawneh , Jakob Tarp , Carolina B Tarqui-Mamani , Radka Taxová Braunerová , Anne Taylor , Julie Taylor , Félicité Tchibindat , William R Tebar , Grethe S Tell , Tania Tello , Yih Chung Tham , K R Thankappan , Holger Theobald , Xenophon Theodoridis , Lutgarde Thijs , Nihal Thomas , Betina H Thuesen , Lubica Tichá , Erik J Timmermans , Anne Tjonneland , Hanna K Tolonen , Janne S Tolstrup , Murat Topbas , Roman Topór-Madry , Liv Elin Torheim , María José Tormo , Michael J Tornaritis , Maties Torrent , Laura Torres-Collado , Stefania Toselli , Giota Touloumi , Pierre Traissac , Thi Tuyet-Hanh Tran , Dimitrios Trichopoulos , Antonia Trichopoulou , Oanh Th Trinh , Atul Trivedi , Lechaba Tshepo , Maria Tsigga , Shoichiro Tsugane , Azaliia M Tuliakova , Marshall K Tulloch-Reid , Fikru Tullu , Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen , Jaakko Tuomilehto , Maria L Turley , Gilad Twig , Per Tynelius , Themistoklis Tzotzas , Christophe Tzourio , Peter Ueda , Eunice Ugel , Flora Am Ukoli , Hanno Ulmer , Belgin Unal , Zhamyila Usupova , Hannu Mt Uusitalo , Nalan Uysal , Justina Vaitkeviciute , Gonzalo Valdivia , Susana Vale , Damaskini Valvi , Rob M van Dam , Johan Van der Heyden , Yvonne T van der Schouw , Koen Van Herck , Hoang Van Minh , Natasja M Van Schoor , Irene Gm van Valkengoed , Dirk Vanderschueren , Diego Vanuzzo , Anette Varbo , Gregorio Varela-Moreiras , Patricia Varona-Pérez , Senthil K Vasan , Tomas Vega , Toomas Veidebaum , Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez , Biruta Velika , Giovanni Veronesi , Wm Monique Verschuren , Cesar G Victora , Giovanni Viegi , Lucie Viet , Salvador Villalpando , Paolo Vineis , Jesus Vioque , Jyrki K Virtanen , Marjolein Visser , Sophie Visvikis-Siest , Bharathi Viswanathan , Mihaela Vladulescu , Tiina Vlasoff , Dorja Vocanec , Peter Vollenweider , Henry Völzke , Ari Voutilainen , Sari Voutilainen , Martine Vrijheid , Tanja Gm Vrijkotte , Alisha N Wade , Aline Wagner , Thomas Waldhör , Janette Walton , Elvis Oa Wambiya , Wan Mohamad Wan Bebakar , Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud , Rildo de Souza Wanderley Júnior , Ming-Dong Wang , Ningli Wang , Qian Wang , Xiangjun Wang , Ya Xing Wang , Ying-Wei Wang , S Goya Wannamethee , Nicholas Wareham , Adelheid Weber , Niels Wedderkopp , Deepa Weerasekera , Daniel Weghuber , Wenbin Wei , Aneta Weres , Bo Werner , Peter H Whincup , Kurt Widhalm , Indah S Widyahening , Andrzej Wiecek , Rainford J Wilks , Johann Willeit , Peter Willeit , Julianne Williams , Tom Wilsgaard , Bogdan Wojtyniak , Roy A Wong-McClure , Andrew Wong , Jyh Eiin Wong , Tien Yin Wong , Jean Woo , Mark Woodward , Frederick C Wu , Jianfeng Wu , Li Juan Wu , Shouling Wu , Haiquan Xu , Liang Xu , Nor Azwany Yaacob , Uruwan Yamborisut , Weili Yan , Ling Yang , Xiaoguang Yang , Yang Yang , Nazan Yardim , Mehdi Yaseri , Tabara Yasuharu , Xingwang Ye , Panayiotis K Yiallouros , Moein Yoosefi , Akihiro Yoshihara , Qi Sheng You , San-Lin You , Novie O Younger-Coleman , Safiah Md Yusof , Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff , Luciana Zaccagni , Vassilis Zafiropulos , Ahmad A Zainuddin , Seyed Rasoul Zakavi , Farhad Zamani , Sabina Zambon , Antonis Zampelas , Hana Zamrazilová , Maria Elisa Zapata , Abdul Hamid Zargar , Ko Ko Zaw , Tomasz Zdrojewski , Kristyna Zejglicova , Tajana Zeljkovic Vrkic , Yi Zeng , Luxia Zhang , Zhen-Yu Zhang , Dong Zhao , Ming-Hui Zhao , Wenhua Zhao , Shiqi Zhen , Wei Zheng , Yingfeng Zheng , Bekbolat Zholdin , Maigeng Zhou , Dan Zhu , Marie Zins , Emanuel Zitt , Yanina Zocalo , Julio Zuñiga Cisneros , Monika Zuziak , Majid Ezzati , Sarah Filippi, Epidemiology, Iurilli, Maria LC, Zhou, Bin, Bennett, James E, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M, Sophiea, Marisa K, Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea, Bixby, Honor, Solomon, Bethlehem D, Taddei, Cristina, Danaei, Goodarz, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Stevens, Gretchen A, Riley, Leanne M, Savin, Stefan, Cowan, Melanie J, Bovet, Pascal, Damasceno, Albertino, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Hayes, Alison J, Ikeda, Nayu, Jackson, Rod T, Khang, Young-Ho, Laxmaiah, Avula, Liu, Jing, Miranda, J Jaime, Saidi, Olfa, Sebert, Sylvain, Sorić, Maroje, Starc, Gregor, Gregg, Edward W, Abarca-Gómez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A, Abdrakhmanova, Shynar, Ghaffar, Suhaila Abdul, Rahim, Hanan F Abdul, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M, Garba, Jamila Abubakar, Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J, Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Afzal, Shoaib, Agdeppa, Imelda A, Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A, Agyemang, Charle, Ahmad, Mohamad Hasnan, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Naser, Ahmed, Soheir H, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Aitmurzaeva, Gulmira, Ajlouni, Kamel, Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M, Al-Lahou, Badreya, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alarouj, Monira, AlBuhairan, Fadia, AlDhukair, Shahla, Ali, Mohamed M, Alkandari, Abdullah, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Allin, Kristine, Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N, Amiri, Parisa, Amougou, Norbert, Amouyel, Philippe, Bo Andersen, Lar, Anderssen, Sigmund A, Ängquist, Lar, Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araújo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arku, Raphael E, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Aryal, Krishna K, Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K, Assunção, Maria Cecília F, Aung, May Soe, Auvinen, Juha, Avdicová, Mária, Avi, Shina, Azevedo, Ana, Azimi-Nezhad, Mohsen, Azizi, Fereidoun, Azmin, Mehrdad, Babu, Bontha V, Jørgensen, Maja Bæksgaard, Baharudin, Azli, Bahijri, Suhad, Baker, Jennifer L, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, José R, Baran, Joanna, Barbagallo, Carlo M, Barceló, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Aluisio JD, Barros, Mauro Virgílio Gome, Basit, Abdul, Bastos, Joao Luiz D, Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M, Batista, Rosangela L, Battakova, Zhamilya, Batyrbek, Assembekov, Baur, Louise A, Beaglehole, Robert, Bel-Serrat, Silvia, Belavendra, Antonisamy, Romdhane, Habiba Ben, Benedics, Judith, Benet, Mikhail, Bergh, Ingunn Holden, Berkinbayev, Salim, Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotiene, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloísa, Bezerra, Jorge, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bharadwaj, Sumit, Bhargava, Santosh K, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bi, Hongsheng, Bi, Yufang, Bia, Daniel, Lele, Elysée Claude Bika, Bikbov, Mukharram M, Bista, Bihungum, Bjelica, Dusko J, Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius B, Björkelund, Cecilia, Bloch, Katia V, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boddy, Lynne M, Boehm, Bernhard O, Boeing, Heiner, Boggia, Jose G, Bogova, Elena, Boissonnet, Carlos P, Bojesen, Stig E, Bonaccio, Marialaura, Bongard, Vanina, Bonilla-Vargas, Alice, Bopp, Matthia, Borghs, Herman, Braeckevelt, Lien, Braeckman, Lutgart, Bragt, Marjolijn CE, Brajkovich, Imperia, Branca, Francesco, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Breda, João, Brenner, Hermann, Brewster, Lizzy M, Brian, Garry R, Brinduse, Lacramioara, Brophy, Sinead, Bruno, Graziella, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Ba, Bugge, Anna, Buoncristiano, Marta, Burazeri, Genc, Burns, Con, de León, Antonio Cabrera, Cacciottolo, Joseph, Cai, Hui, Cama, Tilema, Cameron, Christine, Camolas, José, Can, Günay, Cândido, Ana Paula C, Cañete, Felicia, Capanzana, Mario V, Capková, Nadežda, Capuano, Eduardo, Capuano, Vincenzo, Cardol, Marloe, Cardoso, Viviane C, Carlsson, Axel C, Carmuega, Esteban, Carvalho, Joana, Casajús, José A, Casanueva, Felipe F, Celikcan, Ertugrul, Censi, Laura, Cervantes-Loaiza, Marvin, Cesar, Juraci A, Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chan, Angelique W, Chan, Queenie, Chaturvedi, Himanshu K, Chaturvedi, Nish, Rahim, Norsyamlina Che Abdul, Li Chee, Miao, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Huashuai, Chen, Shuohua, Chen, Zhengming, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Cheraghian, Bahman, Chetrit, Angela, Chikova-Iscener, Ekaterina, Chiolero, Arnaud, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Chirlaque, María-Dolore, Cho, Belong, Christensen, Kaare, Christofaro, Diego G, Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Cilia, Michelle, Cinteza, Eliza, Claessens, Frank, Clarke, Janine, Clays, El, Cohen, Emmanuel, Concin, Han, Confortin, Susana C, Cooper, Cyru, Coppinger, Tara C, Corpeleijn, Eva, Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chri, Craig, Cora L, Crampin, Amelia C, Crujeiras, Ana B, Csilla, Semánová, Cucu, Alexandra M, Cui, Liufu, Cureau, Felipe V, Czenczek-Lewandowska, Ewelina, D'Arrigo, Graziella, d'Orsi, Eleonora, Dacica, Liliana, Re Saavedra, María Ángeles Dal, Dallongeville, Jean, Damsgaard, Camilla T, Dankner, Rachel, Dantoft, Thomas M, Dasgupta, Parasmani, Dastgiri, Saeed, Dauchet, Luc, Davletov, Kairat, De Backer, Guy, De Bacquer, Dirk, de Gaetano, Giovanni, De Henauw, Stefaan, de Oliveira, Paula Duarte, De Ridder, David, De Ridder, Karin, de Rooij, Susanne R, De Smedt, Delphine, Deepa, Mohan, Deev, Alexander D, Jr DeGennaro, Vincent, Dehghan, Abba, Delisle, Hélène, Delpeuch, Franci, Demarest, Stefaan, Dennison, Elaine, Dereń, Katarzyna, Deschamps, Valérie, Dhimal, Meghnath, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F, Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soare, Díaz-Sánchez, María Elena, Diaz, Alejandro, Dika, Zivka, Djalalinia, Shirin, Djordjic, Visnja, Do, Ha TP, Dobson, Annette J, Donati, Maria Benedetta, Donfrancesco, Chiara, Donoso, Silvana P, Döring, Angela, Dorobantu, Maria, Dorosty, Ahmad Reza, Doua, Kouamelan, Dragano, Nico, Drygas, Wojciech, Li Duan, Jia, Duante, Charmaine A, Duboz, Priscilla, Duda, Rosemary B, Duleva, Vesselka, Dulskiene, Virginija, Dumith, Samuel C, Dushpanova, Anar, Dzerve, Vilni, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta, Eddie, Ricky, Eftekhar, Ebrahim, Egbagbe, Eruke E, Eggertsen, Robert, Eghtesad, Sareh, Eiben, Gabriele, Ekelund, Ulf, El-Khateeb, Mohammad, El Ati, Jalila, Eldemire-Shearer, Denise, Eliasen, Marie, Elliott, Paul, Engle-Stone, Reina, Enguerran, Macia, Erasmus, Rajiv T, Erbel, Raimund, Erem, Cihangir, Eriksen, Louise, Eriksson, Johan G, la Peña, Jorge Escobedo-de, Eslami, Saeid, Esmaeili, Ali, Evans, Alun, Faeh, David, Fakhretdinova, Albina A, Fall, Caroline H, Faramarzi, Elnaz, Farjam, Mojtaba, Sant'Angelo, Victoria Farrugia, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fattahi, Mohammad Reza, Fawwad, Asher, Felix-Redondo, Francisco J, Ferguson, Trevor S, Fernandes, Romulo A, Fernández-Bergés, Daniel, Ferrante, Daniel, Ferrao, Thoma, Ferrari, Marika, Ferrario, Marco M, Ferreccio, Catterina, Ferrer, Eldridge, Ferrieres, Jean, Figueiró, Thamara Hubler, Fijalkowska, Anna, Fink, Günther, Fischer, Krista, Foo, Leng Huat, Forsner, Maria, Fouad, Heba M, Francis, Damian K, do Carmo Franco, Maria, Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth, Frontera, Guillermo, Fuchs, Flavio D, Fuchs, Sandra C, Fujiati, Isti I, Fujita, Yuki, Fumihiko, Matsuda, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Gafencu, Mihai, Galbarczyk, Andrzej, Galenkamp, Henrike, Galeone, Daniela, Galfo, Myriam, Galvano, Fabio, Gao, Jingli, Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli, García-Solano, Marta, Gareta, Dickman, Garnett, Sarah P, Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gaya, Adroaldo Cesar Araujo, Gaya, Anelise Rei, Gazzinelli, Andrea, Gehring, Ulrike, Geiger, Harald, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Ghanbari, Ali, Ghasemi, Erfan, Gheorghe-Fronea, Oana-Florentina, Giampaoli, Simona, Gianfagna, Francesco, Gill, Tiffany K, Giovannelli, Jonathan, Gironella, Glen, Giwercman, Aleksander, Gkiouras, Konstantino, Godos, Justyna, Gogen, Sibel, Goldberg, Marcel, Goldsmith, Rebecca A, Goltzman, David, Gómez, Santiago F, Gomula, Aleksandra, da Silva, Bruna Goncalves Cordeiro, Gonçalves, Helen, Gonzalez-Chica, David A, Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela, González-Leon, Margot, González-Rivas, Juan P, González-Villalpando, Clicerio, González-Villalpando, María-Elena, Gonzalez, Angel R, Gottrand, Frederic, Graça, Antonio Pedro, Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, Grafnetter, Dušan, Grajda, Aneta, Grammatikopoulou, Maria G, Gregor, Ronald D, Grodzicki, Tomasz, Grøholt, Else Karin, Grøntved, Ander, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gruden, Gabriella, Gu, Dongfeng, Gualdi-Russo, Emanuela, Guallar-Castillón, Pilar, Gualtieri, Andrea, Gudmundsson, Elias F, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guerrero, Ramiro, Guessous, Idri, Guimaraes, Andre L, Gulliford, Martin C, Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna, Gunter, Marc J, Guo, Xiu-Hua, Guo, Yin, Gupta, Prakash C, Gupta, Rajeev, Gureje, Oye, Gurzkowska, Beata, Gutiérrez-González, Enrique, Gutierrez, Laura, Gutzwiller, Felix, Ha, Seongjun, Hadaegh, Farzad, Hadjigeorgiou, Charalambos A, Haghshenas, Rosa, Hakimi, Hamid, Halkjær, Jytte, Hambleton, Ian R, Hamzeh, Behrooz, Hange, Dominique, Hanif, Abu AM, Hantunen, Sari, Hao, Jie, Kumar, Rachakulla Hari, Hashemi-Shahri, Seyed Mohammad, Hassapidou, Maria, Hata, Jun, Haugsgjerd, Teresa, He, Jiang, He, Yuan, He, Yuna, Heidinger-Felso, Regina, Heinen, Mirjam, Hejgaard, Tatjana, Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth, dos Santos Henrique, Rafael, Henriques, Ana, Cadena, Leticia Hernandez, Herrala, Sauli, Herrera, Victor M, Herter-Aeberli, Isabelle, Heshmat, Ramin, Hill, Allan G, Ho, Sai Yin, Ho, Suzanne C, Hobbs, Michael, Holdsworth, Michelle, Homayounfar, Reza, Homs, Clara, Hopman, Wilma M, Horimoto, Andrea RVR, Hormiga, Claudia M, Horta, Bernardo L, Houti, Leila, Howitt, Christina, Htay, Thein Thein, Htet, Aung Soe, Htike, Maung Maung Than, Hu, Yonghua, Huerta, José María, Huhtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani, Huiart, Laetitia, Petrescu, Constanta Huidumac, Huisman, Martijn, Husseini, Abdullatif, Huu, Chinh Nguyen, Huybrechts, Inge, Hwalla, Nahla, Hyska, Jolanda, Iacoviello, Licia, Ibarluzea, Jesús M, Ibrahim, Mohsen M, Wong, Norazizah Ibrahim, Ikram, M Arfan, Iotova, Violeta, Irazola, Vilma E, Ishida, Takafumi, Islam, Muhammad, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Iwasaki, Masanori, Jacobs, Jeremy M, Jaddou, Hashem Y, Jafar, Tazeen, James, Kenneth, Jamil, Kazi M, Jamrozik, Konrad, Janszky, Imre, Janus, Edward, Jarani, Juel, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Jasienska, Grazyna, Jelakovic, Ana, Jelakovic, Bojan, Jennings, Garry, Jha, Anjani Kumar, Jiang, Chao Qiang, Jimenez, Ramon O, Jöckel, Karl-Heinz, Joffres, Michel, Johansson, Mattia, Jokelainen, Jari J, Jonas, Jost B, Jonnagaddala, Jitendra, Jørgensen, Torben, Joshi, Pradeep, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jovic, Dragana P, Jóźwiak, Jacek J, Juolevi, Anne, Jurak, Gregor, Simina, Iulia Jurca, Juresa, Vesna, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kaducu, Felix O, Kafatos, Anthony, Kajantie, Eero O, Kalmatayeva, Zhanna, Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Kameli, Yve, Kampmann, Freja B, Kanala, Kodanda R, Kannan, Srinivasan, Kapantais, Efthymio, Karakosta, Argyro, Kårhus, Line L, Karki, Khem B, Katibeh, Marzieh, Katz, Joanne, Katzmarzyk, Peter T, Kauhanen, Jussi, Kaur, Prabhdeep, Kavousi, Maryam, Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M, Keil, Ulrich, Boker, Lital Keinan, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka, Kelishadi, Roya, Kelleher, Cecily, Kemper, Han CG, Kengne, Andre P, Keramati, Maryam, Kerimkulova, Alina, Kersting, Mathilde, Key, Timothy, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalili, Davood, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Kheiri, Bahareh, Kheradmand, Motahareh, Khosravi, Alireza, Khouw, Ilse MSL, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula, Kiechl, Stefan, Killewo, Japhet, Kim, Dong Wook, Kim, Hyeon Chang, Kim, Jeongseon, Kindblom, Jenny M, Klakk, Heidi, Klimek, Magdalena, Klimont, Jeannette, Klumbiene, Jurate, Knoflach, Michael, Koirala, Bhawesh, Kolle, Elin, Kolsteren, Patrick, König, Jürgen, Korpelainen, Raija, Korrovits, Paul, Korzycka, Magdalena, Kos, Jelena, Koskinen, Seppo, Kouda, Katsuyasu, Kovacs, Viktoria A, Kowlessur, Sudhir, Koziel, Slawomir, Kratenova, Jana, Kratzer, Wolfgang, Kriemler, Susi, Kristensen, Peter Lund, Krokstad, Steiner, Kromhout, Daan, Kruger, Herculina S, Kubinova, Ruzena, Kuciene, Renata, Kujala, Urho M, Kujundzic, Enisa, Kulaga, Zbigniew, Kumar, R Krishna, Kunešová, Marie, Kurjata, Pawel, Kusuma, Yadlapalli S, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kyobutungi, Catherine, La, Quang Ngoc, Laamiri, Fatima Zahra, Laatikainen, Tiina, Lachat, Carl, Laid, Youcef, Lam, Tai Hing, Lambrinou, Christina-Paulina, Landais, Edwige, Lanska, Vera, Lappas, Georg, Larijani, Bagher, Latt, Tint Swe, Lauria, Laura, Lazo-Porras, Maria, Le Coroller, Gwenaëlle, Le Nguyen Bao, Khanh, Le Port, Agnè, Le, Tuyen D, Lee, Jeannette, Lee, Jeonghee, Lee, Paul H, Lehmann, Nil, Lehtimäki, Terho, Lemogoum, Daniel, Levitt, Naomi S, Li, Yanping, Liivak, Merike, Lilly, Christa L, Lim, Wei-Yen, Lima-Costa, M Fernanda, Lin, Hsien-Ho, Lin, Xu, Lin, Yi-Ting, Lind, Lar, Linneberg, Allan, Lissner, Lauren, Litwin, Mieczyslaw, Liu, Lijuan, Lo, Wei-Cheng, Loit, Helle-Mai, Long, Khuong Quynh, Lopes, Lui, Lopes, Oscar, Lopez-Garcia, Esther, Lopez, Tania, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, José Eugenio, Lukrafka, Janice L, Luksiene, Dalia, Lundqvist, Annamari, Lundqvist, Robert, Lunet, Nuno, Lunogelo, Charle, Lustigová, Michala, Łuszczki, Edyta, Ma, Guansheng, Ma, Jun, Ma, Xu, Machado-Coelho, George LL, Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides M, Macieira, Luisa M, Madar, Ahmed A, Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J, Magnacca, Sara, Magriplis, Emmanuella, Mahasampath, Gowri, Maire, Bernard, Majer, Marjeta, Makdisse, Marcia, Mäki, Päivi, Malekzadeh, Fatemeh, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rahul, Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna, Malyutina, Sofia K, Maniego, Lynell V, Manios, Yanni, Mann, Jim I, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Manzato, Enzo, Margozzini, Paula, Markaki, Anastasia, Markey, Oonagh, Ioannidou, Eliza Markidou, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Marques, Larissa Pruner, Marrugat, Jaume, Martin-Prevel, Yve, Martin, Rosemarie, Martorell, Reynaldo, Martos, Eva, Maruszczak, Katharina, Marventano, Stefano, Mascarenhas, Luis P, Masoodi, Shariq R, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B, Mathur, Prashant, Matijasevich, Alicia, Matsha, Tandi E, Mavrogianni, Christina, Mazur, Artur, Mbanya, Jean Claude N, McFarlane, Shelly R, McGarvey, Stephen T, McKee, Martin, McLachlan, Stela, McLean, Rachael M, McLean, Scott B, McNulty, Breige A, Benchekor, Sounnia Mediene, Medzioniene, Jurate, Mehdipour, Parinaz, Mehlig, Kirsten, Mehrparvar, Amir Houshang, Meirhaeghe, Aline, Meisfjord, Jørgen, Meisinger, Christa, Menezes, Ana Maria B, Menon, Geetha R, Mensink, Gert BM, Menzano, Maria Teresa, Mereke, Alibek, Meshram, Indrapal I, Metspalu, Andre, Meyer, Haakon E, Mi, Jie, Michaelsen, Kim F, Michels, Nathalie, Mikkel, Kairit, Milkowska, Karolina, Miller, Jody C, Minderico, Cláudia S, Mini, GK, Miquel, Juan Francisco, Mirjalili, Mohammad Reza, Mirkopoulou, Daphne, Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Mišigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta, Mistretta, Antonio, Mocanu, Veronica, Modesti, Pietro A, Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi, Mohajer, Bahram, Mohamed, Mostafa K, Mohamed, Shukri F, Mohammad, Kazem, Mohammadi, Zahra, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mohanna, Salim, Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd, Mohebbi, Iraj, Mohebi, Farnam, Moitry, Marie, Molbo, Drude, Møllehave, Line T, Møller, Niels C, Molnár, Déne, Momenan, Amirabba, Mondo, Charles K, Monroy-Valle, Michele, Monterrubio-Flores, Eric, Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K, Moon, Jin Soo, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Moreira, Leila B, Morejon, Alain, Moreno, Luis A, Morgan, Karen, Morin, Suzanne N, Mortensen, Erik Lykke, Moschonis, George, Mossakowska, Malgorzata, Mostafa, Aya, Mota-Pinto, Anabela, Mota, Jorge, Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel, Motta, Jorge, Moura-dos-Santos, Marcos André, Mridha, Malay K, Msyamboza, Kelias P, Mu, Thet Thet, Muc, Magdalena, Mugoša, Boban, Muiesan, Maria L, Mukhtorova, Parvina, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Murphy, Neil, Mursu, Jaakko, Murtagh, Elaine M, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Milanovic, Sanja Music, Musil, Vera, Mustafa, Norlaila, Nabipour, Iraj, Naderimagham, Shohreh, Nagel, Gabriele, Naidu, Balkish M, Najafi, Farid, Nakamura, Harunobu, Námešná, Jana, Ei K Nang, Ei, Nangia, Vinay B, Nankap, Martin, Narake, Sameer, Nardone, Paola, Nauck, Matthia, Neal, William A, Nejatizadeh, Azim, Nekkantti, Chandini, Nelis, Keiu, Nelis, Lii, Nenko, Ilona, Neovius, Martin, Nervi, Flavio, Nguyen, Chung T, Nguyen, Nguyen D, Nguyen, Quang Ngoc, Nieto-Martínez, Ramfis E, Nikitin, Yury P, Ning, Guang, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Nishtar, Sania, Noale, Marianna, Noboa, Oscar A, Nogueira, Helena, Norat, Teresa, Nordendahl, Maria, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Noto, Davide, Nowak-Szczepanska, Natalia, Al Nsour, Mohannad, Nuhoglu, Irfan, Nurk, Eha, O'Neill, Terence W, O'Reilly, Dermot, Obreja, Galina, Ochimana, Caleb, Ochoa-Avilés, Angélica M, Oda, Eiji, Oh, Kyungwon, Ohara, Kumiko, Ohlsson, Clae, Ohtsuka, Ryutaro, Olafsson, Örn, Olinto, Maria Teresa A, Oliveira, Isabel O, Omar, Mohd Azahadi, Onat, Altan, Ong, Sok King, Ono, Lariane M, Ordunez, Pedro, Ornelas, Rui, Ortiz, Ana P, Ortiz, Pedro J, Osler, Merete, Osmond, Clive, Ostojic, Sergej M, Ostovar, Afshin, Otero, Johanna A, Overvad, Kim, Owusu-Dabo, Elli, Paccaud, Fred Michel, Padez, Cristina, Pagkalos, Ioanni, Pahomova, Elena, de Paiva, Karina Mary, Pajak, Andrzej, Palli, Domenico, Palloni, Alberto, Palmieri, Luigi, Pan, Wen-Harn, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandey, Arvind, Panza, Francesco, Papandreou, Dimitrio, Park, Soon-Woo, Park, Suyeon, Parnell, Winsome R, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Pascanu, Ionela M, Pasquet, Patrick, Patel, Nikhil D, Pecin, Ivan, Pednekar, Mangesh S, Peer, Nasheeta, Pei, Gao, Peixoto, Sergio Viana, Peltonen, Markku, Pereira, Alexandre C, Peres, Marco A, Pérez-Farinós, Napoleón, Pérez, Cynthia M, Peterkova, Valentina, Peters, Annette, Petersmann, Astrid, Petkeviciene, Janina, Petrauskiene, Ausra, Pettenuzzo, Emanuela, Peykari, Niloofar, Pham, Son Thai, Pichardo, Rafael N, Pierannunzio, Daniela, Pigeot, Iri, Pikhart, Hynek, Pilav, Aida, Pilotto, Lorenza, Pistelli, Francesco, Pitakaka, Freda, Piwonska, Aleksandra, Pizarro, Andreia N, Plans-Rubió, Pedro, Poh, Bee Koon, Pohlabeln, Hermann, Pop, Raluca M, Popovic, Stevo R, Porta, Miquel, Posch, Georg, Poudyal, Anil, Poulimeneas, Dimitrio, Pouraram, Hamed, Pourfarzi, Farhad, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Price, Alison J, Price, Jacqueline F, Providencia, Rui, Puder, Jardena J, Pudule, Iveta, Puhakka, Soile E, Puiu, Maria, Punab, Margu, Qasrawi, Radwan F, Qorbani, Mostafa, Bao, Tran Quoc, Radic, Ivana, Radisauskas, Ricarda, Rahimikazerooni, Salar, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mahmudur, Raitakari, Olli, Raj, Manu, Rakhimova, Ellina, Rakhmatulloev, Sherali, Rakovac, Ivo, Rao, Sudha Ramachandra, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramke, Jacqueline, Ramos, Elisabete, Ramos, Rafel, Rampal, Lekhraj, Rampal, Sanjay, Rarra, Vayia, Rascon-Pacheco, Ramon A, Rasmussen, Mette, Rech, Cassiano Ricardo, Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M, Regecová, Valéria, Revilla, Lui, Rezaianzadeh, Abba, Ribas-Barba, Lourde, Ribeiro, Robespierre, Riboli, Elio, Richter, Adrian, Rigo, Fernando, Rinaldo, Natascia, de Wit, Tobias F Rinke, Rito, Ana, Ritti-Dias, Raphael M, Rivera, Juan A, Robitaille, Cynthia, Roccaldo, Romana, Rodrigues, Daniela, Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando, del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, María, Rodríguez-Villamizar, Laura A, Roggenbuck, Ulla, Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Rojroongwasinkul, Nipa, Romaguera, Dora, Romeo, Elisabetta L, Rosario, Rafaela V, Rosengren, Annika, Rouse, Ian, Roy, Joel GR, Rubinstein, Adolfo, Rühli, Frank J, Ruidavets, Jean-Bernard, Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Sandra, Ruiz-Castell, Maria, Moreno, Emma Ruiz, Rusakova, Iuliia A, Jonsson, Kenisha Russell, Russo, Paola, Rust, Petra, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sacchini, Elena, Sachdev, Harshpal S, Sadjadi, Alireza, Safarpour, Ali Reza, Safiri, Saeid, Saki, Nader, Salanave, Benoit, Martinez, Eduardo Salazar, Salmerón, Diego, Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T, Salvetti, Massimo, Samoutian, Margarita, Sánchez-Abanto, Jose, Sandjaja, null, Sans, Susana, Marina, Loreto Santa, Santos, Diana A, Santos, Ina S, Santos, Lèlita C, Santos, Maria Paula, Santos, Osvaldo, Santos, Rute, Sanz, Sara Santo, Saramies, Jouko L, Sardinha, Luis B, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Savva, Savva, Savy, Mathilde, Sawada, Norie, Sbaraini, Mariana, Scazufca, Marcia, Schaan, Beatriz D, Rosario, Angelika Schaffrath, Schargrodsky, Herman, Schienkiewitz, Anja, Schipf, Sabine, Schmidt, Carsten O, Schmidt, Ida Maria, Schnohr, Peter, Schöttker, Ben, Schramm, Sara, Schramm, Stine, Schröder, Helmut, Schultsz, Constance, Schutte, Aletta E, Sein, Aye Aye, Selamat, Rusidah, Sember, Vedrana, Sen, Abhijit, Senbanjo, Idowu O, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Sequera, Victor, Serra-Majem, Lui, Servais, Jennifer, Ševcíková, Ludmila, Shalnova, Svetlana A, Shamah-Levy, Teresa, Shamshirgaran, Morteza, Shanthirani, Coimbatore Subramaniam, Sharafkhah, Maryam, Sharma, Sanjib K, Shaw, Jonathan E, Shayanrad, Amaneh, Shayesteh, Ali Akbar, Shengelia, Lela, Shi, Zumin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shimizu-Furusawa, Hana, Shin, Dong Wook, Shirani, Majid, Shiri, Rahman, Shrestha, Namuna, Si-Ramlee, Khairil, Siani, Alfonso, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M, Silva, Antonio M, Silva, Diego Augusto Santo, Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A, Sjöberg, Agneta, Sjöström, Michael, Skodje, Gry, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Smeeth, Liam, So, Hung-Kwan, Soares, Fernanda Cunha, Sobek, Grzegorz, Sobngwi, Eugène, Sodemann, Morten, Söderberg, Stefan, Soekatri, Moesijanti YE, Soemantri, Agustinu, Sofat, Reecha, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Somi, Mohammad Hossein, Sonestedt, Emily, Song, Yi, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, Sørgjerd, Elin P, Jérome, Charles Sossa, Soto-Rojas, Victoria E, Soumaré, Aïcha, Sovic, Slavica, Sparboe-Nilsen, Bente, Sparrenberger, Karen, Spinelli, Angela, Spiroski, Igor, Staessen, Jan A, Stamm, Hanspeter, Stathopoulou, Maria G, Staub, Kaspar, Stavreski, Bill, Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Stehle, Peter, Stein, Aryeh D, Stergiou, George S, Stessman, Jochanan, Stevanovic, Ranko, Stieber, Jutta, Stöckl, Dori, Stocks, Tanja, Stokwiszewski, Jakub, Stoyanova, Ekaterina, Stratton, Gareth, Stronks, Karien, Strufaldi, Maria Wany, Sturua, Lela, Suárez-Medina, Ramón, Suka, Machi, Sun, Chien-An, Sundström, Johan, Sung, Yn-Tz, Sunyer, Jordi, Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul, Swinburn, Boyd A, Sy, Rody G, Syddall, Holly E, Sylva, René Charle, Szklo, Moyse, Szponar, Lucjan, Tai, E Shyong, Tammesoo, Mari-Lii, Tamosiunas, Abdona, Tan, Eng Joo, Tang, Xun, Tanrygulyyeva, Maya, Tanser, Frank, Tao, Yong, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tarp, Jakob, Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B, Braunerová, Radka Taxová, Taylor, Anne, Taylor, Julie, Tchibindat, Félicité, Tebar, William R, Tell, Grethe S, Tello, Tania, Tham, Yih Chung, Thankappan, KR, Theobald, Holger, Theodoridis, Xenophon, Thijs, Lutgarde, Thomas, Nihal, Thuesen, Betina H, Tichá, Lubica, Timmermans, Erik J, Tjonneland, Anne, Tolonen, Hanna K, Tolstrup, Janne S, Topbas, Murat, Topór-Madry, Roman, Torheim, Liv Elin, Tormo, María José, Tornaritis, Michael J, Torrent, Matie, Torres-Collado, Laura, Toselli, Stefania, Touloumi, Giota, Traissac, Pierre, Tran, Thi Tuyet-Hanh, Trichopoulos, Dimitrio, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Trinh, Oanh TH, Trivedi, Atul, Tshepo, Lechaba, Tsigga, Maria, Tsugane, Shoichiro, Tuliakova, Azaliia M, Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K, Tullu, Fikru, Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Turley, Maria L, Twig, Gilad, Tynelius, Per, Tzotzas, Themistokli, Tzourio, Christophe, Ueda, Peter, Ugel, Eunice, Ukoli, Flora AM, Ulmer, Hanno, Unal, Belgin, Usupova, Zhamyila, Uusitalo, Hannu MT, Uysal, Nalan, Vaitkeviciute, Justina, Valdivia, Gonzalo, Vale, Susana, Valvi, Damaskini, van Dam, Rob M, Van der Heyden, Johan, van der Schouw, Yvonne T, Van Herck, Koen, Van Minh, Hoang, Van Schoor, Natasja M, van Valkengoed, Irene GM, Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Varbo, Anette, Varela-Moreiras, Gregorio, Varona-Pérez, Patricia, Vasan, Senthil K, Vega, Toma, Veidebaum, Tooma, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Velika, Biruta, Veronesi, Giovanni, Verschuren, WM Monique, Victora, Cesar G, Viegi, Giovanni, Viet, Lucie, Villalpando, Salvador, Vineis, Paolo, Vioque, Jesu, Virtanen, Jyrki K, Visser, Marjolein, Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vladulescu, Mihaela, Vlasoff, Tiina, Vocanec, Dorja, Vollenweider, Peter, Völzke, Henry, Voutilainen, Ari, Voutilainen, Sari, Vrijheid, Martine, Vrijkotte, Tanja GM, Wade, Alisha N, Wagner, Aline, Waldhör, Thoma, Walton, Janette, Wambiya, Elvis OA, Bebakar, Wan Mohamad Wan, Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan, de Souza Wanderley Júnior, Rildo, Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Ningli, Wang, Qian, Wang, Xiangjun, Wang, Ya Xing, Wang, Ying-Wei, Wannamethee, S Goya, Wareham, Nichola, Weber, Adelheid, Wedderkopp, Niel, Weerasekera, Deepa, Weghuber, Daniel, Wei, Wenbin, Weres, Aneta, Werner, Bo, Whincup, Peter H, Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S, Wiecek, Andrzej, Wilks, Rainford J, Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Williams, Julianne, Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong-McClure, Roy A, Wong, Andrew, Wong, Jyh Eiin, Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Woodward, Mark, Wu, Frederick C, Wu, Jianfeng, Wu, Li Juan, Wu, Shouling, Xu, Haiquan, Xu, Liang, Yaacob, Nor Azwany, Yamborisut, Uruwan, Yan, Weili, Yang, Ling, Yang, Xiaoguang, Yang, Yang, Yardim, Nazan, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yasuharu, Tabara, Ye, Xingwang, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K, Yoosefi, Moein, Yoshihara, Akihiro, You, Qi Sheng, You, San-Lin, Younger-Coleman, Novie O, Md Yusof, Safiah, Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi, Zaccagni, Luciana, Zafiropulos, Vassili, Zainuddin, Ahmad A, Zakavi, Seyed Rasoul, Zamani, Farhad, Zambon, Sabina, Zampelas, Antoni, Zamrazilová, Hana, Zapata, Maria Elisa, Zargar, Abdul Hamid, Ko Zaw, Ko, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Zejglicova, Kristyna, Vrkic, Tajana Zeljkovic, Zeng, Yi, Zhang, Luxia, Zhang, Zhen-Yu, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Ming-Hui, Zhao, Wenhua, Zhen, Shiqi, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zholdin, Bekbolat, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Dan, Zins, Marie, Zitt, Emanuel, Zocalo, Yanina, Cisneros, Julio Zuñiga, Zuziak, Monika, Ezzati, Majid, Filippi, Sarah, Cohortes épidémiologiques en population (CONSTANCES), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: Population -- Health aspects, Leanness, Baixo peso/Underweight, none, Double burden, alipainoisuus, tulotaso, global health, systematic analysis, Sedentary behaviors, RC1200, Prospective associations, 0302 clinical medicine, underweight, nälänhätä, Biology (General), skin and connective tissue diseases, Children, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Body mass index, Human Nutrition & Health, education.field_of_study, Humane Voeding & Gezondheid, ylipaino, General Medicine, kansainvälinen vertailu, 3. Good health, World health, Medicine, A100 Pre-clinical Medicine, Population distribution, medicine.medical_specialty, QH301-705.5, Science, Socio-culturale, Nursing, Social sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Thinness, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, BMI, epidemiology, obesity, None, Humans, Obesidade/Obesity, SDG 2 - Zero Hunger, education, VLAG, US adults, Omvårdnad, body mass index, malnutrition, obesity, underweight, nutritional and metabolic diseases, medicine.disease, terveellisyys, Obesity, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, Body Mass Index, Prevalence, Risk Factors, General Biochemistry, WIAS, lihavuus, RA, Demography, N.A, double burden, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, alueelliset erot, Nutrition and Disease, Animal Nutrition, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Medizin, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Change distribution of body mass index, RA0421, Voeding en Ziekte, Epidemiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Global health, Índice de massa corporal/Body Mass Index, 030212 general & internal medicine, Underweight, painoindeksi, 2. Zero hunger, General Neuroscience, aliravitsemus, elintarvikkeet, health, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Diervoeding, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.01.03 [https], Chinese adults, pooled analysis, medicine.symptom, Diet quality, B120 Physiology, Research Article, trends, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.06.03 [https], prevalence, Population, Mothers, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 3121 Internal medicine, medicine, Life Science, ddc:610, 3125 Otorhinolaryngology, ophthalmology, kehonkoostumus, Nutrition, Australian adults, General Immunology and Microbiology, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.01.04 [https], Ciências sociais, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Malnutrition, Epidemiology and Global Health, sense organs, Estilos de Vida e Impacto na Saúde
Abstract: From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions., Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council, peer-reviewed
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

26. Associations of device-measured sleep, sedentariness and physical activity with growth differentiation factor 15 in older adults

Author: Rosario Ortolá, Esther García‐Esquinas, Antonio Buño‐Soto, Verónica Cabanas‐Sánchez, David Martínez‐Gómez, Mercedes Sotos‐Prieto, Ellen A. Struijk, Francisco Félix Caballero, Esther Lopez‐Garcia, José R. Banegas, and Fernando Rodríguez‐Artalejo
Subjects: Growth Differentiation Factor 15, Physiology (medical), Accelerometry, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Sedentary Behavior, Sleep, Exercise, Aged
Abstract: Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a biomarker for chronic disease burden that might explain the health effects of sedentary behaviours (SBs) and physical activity (PA). We examined associations of device-measured sleep, SB and PA, and time reallocations among them, with GDF-15 in older adults.We used data from 2245 older adults participating in the Seniors-ENRICA-2 study. Wrist-worn accelerometers were employed to ascertain total time in sleep, SB, light PA (LPA) and moderate-to vigorous PA (MVPA). Associations between these activities and serum GDF-15 levels were analysed using linear regression, including isotemporal substitution models for time reallocations among activities, and adjusted for potential confounders. Analyses were conducted separately in two groups (less active and more active individuals) according to the median total PA time.In the less active participants, 30 min/day more of MVPA were related to lower levels of GDF-15 when replacing sleep (fully adjusted mean percentage differences [95% confidence interval] in GDF-15 of -9.2% [-13.2, -5.0]), SB (-9.8% [-13.6, -5.8]) and LPA (-5.8% [-11.1, -0.3]), whereas 30 min/day more of LPA were related to lower GDF-15 when replacing both sleep (-3.6% [-6.1, -1.0]) and SB (-4.2% [-6.7, -1.7]). In the more active participants, 30 min/day more of MVPA were also associated with lower GDF-15 when replacing sleep (-2.9% [-5.3, -0.3]), SB (-2.4% [-4.6, -0.2]) and LPA (-3.5% [-6.6, -0.3]), but no associations were found for more time in LPA. Spending more time in SB was associated with higher GDF-15 levels only among those less active (1.9% [0.9, 2.9] per 30 min/day increment). Sleep time did not appear to be associated with GDF-15.The MVPA was inversely associated with GDF-15, with stronger associations at lower PA volumes. Also, more LPA and less SB time were linked to lower GDF-15 in the less active individuals. This suggests that simply moving more and sitting less may reduce chronic disease burden in older adults.
Published: 2021

27. Olive oil consumption is associated with lower frailty risk: a prospective cohort study of community-dwelling older adults

Author: Ligia J. Dominguez, Belén Moreno-Franco, Jimena Rey-García, Helena Sandoval-Insausti, Pilar Guallar-Castillón, Carolina Donat-Vargas, José R. Banegas, and Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
Subjects: Male, Aging, Frail Elderly, Logistic regression, Cohort Studies, food, Weight loss, Environmental health, Humans, Medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Olive Oil, Aged, Frailty, business.industry, Nutritional epidemiology, Confounding, food.culinary_measure, General Medicine, Odds ratio, Confidence interval, Female, Tablespoon, Independent Living, Geriatrics and Gerontology, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Background There is no evidence on the specific beneficial association of the main types of olive oil consumption with frailty. Objective The aim was to assess the relationship between olive oil consumption and incident frailty in community-dwelling older adults. Design Prospective cohort. Setting Participants were recruited in 2008–10 and follow-up through 2013. Subjects In total, 1,896 older adults aged 60+. Methods At baseline, olive oil and other food consumption was collected using a validated dietary history. Incident frailty was defined as having at least three of the following five Fried-based criteria: low physical activity, fatigue, slow walking, muscle weakness and unintentional weight loss. Analyses were performed with logistic regression and adjusted for the major confounders. Results Over a mean follow-up of 3.5 years, 135 incident frailty cases were identified. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of frailty across sex-specific tertiles of total olive oil consumption (12.7, 20 and 30.8 g/day, respectively) were: 1 (ref.), 0.52 (0.32, 0.83) and 0.47 (0.29, 0.78), P trend 0.003. When differentiating by olive oil types, the results held for virgin but did not for common (refined) olive oil. Conclusion The highest total olive oil consumption (~3 tablespoons), especially if virgin, was associated with half the risk of frailty as the lowest consumption (~1 tablespoon) among older adults. This study suggests that virgin olive oil should be the preferent culinary olive oil type for frailty prevention. If confirmed in other settings, small doses of virgin olive oil could be added as a simple geriatric nutritional advice on the prevention of frailty.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

28. Correction: Only virgin type of olive oil consumption reduces the risk of mortality. Results from a Mediterranean population-based cohort

Author: Carolina Donat-Vargas, Esther Lopez-Garcia, José R. Banegas, Miguel Á. Martínez-González, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, and Pilar Guallar-Castillón
Subjects: Nutrition and Dietetics, Medicine (miscellaneous)
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

29. Cadmium exposure and growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) levels in non-smoking older adults

Author: Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando Gil, José R. Banegas, Rosario Ortolá, Esther García-Esquinas, Antonio Buño, Ana Navas-Acien, Beatriz Pérez-Gómez, and Pablo Olmedo
Subjects: Growth Differentiation Factor 15, medicine.medical_treatment, Population, Physiology, Inflammation, Biochemistry, Risk Factors, Medicine, Humans, Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, Risk factor, education, General Environmental Science, Aged, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Confidence interval, Cytokine, Cardiovascular Diseases, embryonic structures, GDF15, Geometric mean, medicine.symptom, business, Biomarkers, Cadmium
Abstract: Background Cadmium (Cd) exposure is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, understanding the effects of Cd at the cellular level remains incomplete. Since growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a cytokine produced in many cell types in response to tissue injury and inflammation that may capture several pathways between Cd and CVD, this study examined the relationship between blood Cd levels and serum GDF-15 concentrations in community-dwelling older adults. Methods Cd and GDF-15 were measured in 1942 non-smoking individuals aged 65+ with no previous history of CVD. The association of Cd with GDF-15 was evaluated in linear regression models that adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle and biological risk factors, inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, C-reactive protein and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio), and markers of vascular damage (NTproBNP and cTnT-hs). Results Geometric mean Cd exposure was 0.11 μg/L (0.09 in never- and 0.15 in former-smokers) and geometric mean GDF-15 was 1186.21 pg/mL (1182.67 in never- and 1191.66 in former-smokers). In multivariable analyses, we found a dose-response association between Cd levels and GDF-15: adjusted mean percentage differences in GDF-15 (95% confidence interval) per 2-fold increase in Cd concentrations in the overall non-smoking population and in never smokers were, respectively, 2.54% (1.01, 4.06) and 2.50% (0.47, 4.54). In spline regression, the dose-response relationship was progressive over the range of Cd concentrations with no significant departures from linearity. Conclusions Cd exposure may be related to enhanced GDF-15 expression. Future studies with repeated GDF-15 measurements should confirm the present findings to better understand the biological mechanisms underlying this association.
Published: 2021

30. Secondhand smoke and functional impairments in older adults

Author: Fernández Rodríguez Artalejo, Jose Antonio Pascual Estéban, Rosario Ortolá, Esther Garcia Esquinas, Iñaki Galán Labaca, Raul Pérez Ortuño, and José R. Banegas
Subjects: business.industry, Environmental health, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Medicine, business, Secondhand smoke, General Environmental Science
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

31. A Higher Intake of Energy at Dinner Is Associated with Incident Metabolic Syndrome: A Prospective Cohort Study in Older Adults

Author: José R. Banegas, Carolina Donat-Vargas, Monserrat Rodríguez-Ayala, Belén Moreno-Franco, Ygor Hermenegildo-López, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, Pilar Guallar-Castillón, Jimena Rey-García, and Helena Sandoval-Insausti
Subjects: Male, eating occasions, Waist, food intake, intake of energy, Article, metabolic syndrome, Cohort Studies, medicine, Humans, TX341-641, Prospective Studies, timing of food, older adults, Prospective cohort study, Geriatric Assessment, Meals, Aged, Nutrition and Dietetics, Snacking, business.industry, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Incidence, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, dinner intake, medicine.disease, Obesity, Diet, Quartile, Cohort, Female, Metabolic syndrome, medicine.symptom, Energy Intake, business, chronobiology, Weight gain, Food Science, Demography
Abstract: A higher energy intake (EI) at night has been associated with a higher risk of obesity, while a higher EI at lunch may protect against weight gain. This study examined the association between EI throughout the day and incident metabolic syndrome (MetS) among older adults. A cohort of 607 individuals aged ≥ 60 free from MetS at baseline was followed from 2008–2010 until 2015. At baseline, habitual EI was assessed on six eating occasions: breakfast, mid-morning snack, lunch, afternoon snack, dinner, and snacking. MetS was defined according to the harmonized definition. Statistical analyses were performed with logistic regression and adjusted for the main confounders, including total EI, diet quality, and physical activity/sedentary behavior. During follow-up, 101 new MetS cases occurred. Compared to the lowest sex-specific quartile of EI at dinner, the OR (95% confidence interval) for incident MetS were: 1.71 (0.85–3.46) in the second, 1.70 (0.81–3.54) in the third, and 2.57 (1.14–5.79) in the fourth quartile (p-trend: 0.034). Elevated waist circumference and triglycerides were the MetS components that most contributed to this association. A higher EI at dinner was associated with a higher risk of MetS in older adults. Reducing EI at dinner might be a simple strategy to prevent MetS.
Published: 2021

32. El Proyecto IBERICAN. Progresando en el conocimiento del riesgo cardiovascular en atención primaria en España

Author: José R. Banegas
Subjects: business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, MEDLINE, Primary health care, Medicine, Family Practice, business, Humanities
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

33. Position statement on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) by the Spanish Society of Hypertension (2019)

Author: A. de la Sierra, Teresa Gijón-Conde, José R. Banegas, Manuel Gorostidi, L.M. Ruilope, Julian Segura, J A Divisón-Garrote, and Ernest Vinyoles
Subjects: Centros de salud, Instrumento de medida, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Hipertensión, Internal Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Medición, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Centro médico, Sistema cardiovascular
Abstract: La medida de presión arterial (PA) en la clínica es el procedimiento más utilizado para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial (HTA), pero presenta una considerable inexactitud debida, por un lado, a la propia variabilidad intrínseca de la PA y, por otro, a sesgos derivados de la técnica y condiciones de medida. Varios estudios han demostrado la superioridad pronóstica de la monitorización ambulatoria de la PA (MAPA), que además detecta la HTA de bata blanca, evitando sobrediagnósticos y sobretratamientos en numerosos casos, y la HTA enmascarada que, al contrario, tiene riesgo de infradetección e infratratamiento. La MAPA está reconocida como la técnica más apropiada para el diagnóstico y seguimiento de la HTA en la mayoría de las guías internacionales. El presente documento, tomando como referencia las recomendaciones de la Sociedad Europea de Hipertensión, tiene como objetivo revisar las evidencias sobre la MAPA, servir de guía a los profesionales sanitarios y fomentar la utilización de esta técnica en el diagnóstico y el seguimiento del paciente hipertenso. Se abordan el procedimiento, los requisitos necesarios para realizar una MAPA y sus indicaciones clínicas. También se analizan las principales aportaciones de la MAPA en el diagnóstico de los fenotipos de HTA de bata blanca y HTA enmascarada, los patrones de variabilidad a corto plazo de la PA, su utilidad en la HTA resistente y de alto riesgo, así como su papel en grupos especiales de población como ancianos, niños y embarazadas. Finalmente, se tratan aspectos sobre la situación actual del Registro español de MAPA y las perspectivas futuras en cuanto a investigación y generalización de la MAPA en la práctica clínica. Conventional blood pressure (BP) measurement in clinical practice is the most used procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension (HT), but is subject to considerable inaccuracies due to, on the one hand, the inherent variability of the BP itself and, on the other hand biases arising from the measurement technique and conditions, Some studies have demonstrated the prognosis superiority in the development of cardiovascular disease using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). It can also detect “white coat” hypertension, avoiding over-diagnosis and over-treatment in many cases, as well detecting of masked hypertension, avoiding under-detection and under-treatment. ABPM is recognised in the diagnosis and management of HT in most of international guidelines on hypertension. The present document, taking the recommendations of the European Society of Hypertension as a reference, aims to review the more recent evidence on ABPM, and to serve as guidelines for health professionals in their clinical practice and to encourage ABPM use in the diagnosis and follow-up of hypertensive subjects. Requirements, procedure, and clinical indications for using ABPM are provided. An analysis is also made of the main contributions of ABPM in the diagnosis of “white coat” and masked HT phenotypes, short term BP variability patterns, its use in high risk and resistant hypertension, as well as its the role in special population groups like children, pregnancy and elderly. Finally, some aspects about the current situation of the Spanish ABPM Registry and future perspectives in research and potential ABPM generalisation in clinical practice are also discussed. Sin financiación No data JCR 2019 0.130 SJR (2019) Q4, 314/362 Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, 109/139 Internal Medicine No data IDR 2019 UEM
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

34. Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, fish intake and healthy ageing

Author: Rosario Ortolá, José R. Banegas, Esther Lopez-Garcia, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, and Esther García-Esquinas
Subjects: Male, Mediterranean diet, Epidemiology, Physiology, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Diet, Mediterranean, Healthy Aging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Interquartile range, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, medicine, Animals, Humans, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective cohort study, Wasting, Aged, chemistry.chemical_classification, business.industry, Fishes, Food composition data, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Seafood, chemistry, Spain, Ageing, Cohort, Linear Models, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Abstract: Background Seafood consumption and dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) protect from cardiovascular disease, muscle wasting and mortality; however, their role in delaying unhealthy ageing is uncertain. Methods A prospective cohort study with 1592 community-dwelling individuals aged ≥60 years recruited in 2008–2010, and followed through 2015. Intake of seafood and n-3 PUFA [eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA)] was estimated using a validated diet history and food composition tables. Unhealthy ageing was assessed across the domains of physical and cognitive function, mental health, morbidity, self-rated health and vitality. Results Higher blue fish consumption was negatively associated with unhealthy ageing in 2015 [multivariate ß (95% confidence interval) per interquartile range (IQR) increase of fish: −0.49 (−0.90; −0.08)] and, specifically, was associated with lower accumulation of functional impairments [−1.00 (−1.71; −0.28)] and morbidities [−0.30 (−0.73; 0.13)]. Individuals with high intakes of EPA (≥0.47 g/day) and DHA (≥0.89 g/day) presented the highest reductions in age-related deficits accumulation: −1.61 (−3.01; −0.22) and −1.34 (−2.76; 0.08), respectively. Intake of EPA and DHA were negatively associated with the accumulation of functional deficits [results per IQR increase: −0.79 (−1.64; −0.06) and −0.84 (−1.67; −0.01), respectively] and morbidities [−0.60 (−1.10; −1.11) and −0.60 (−1.09; −0.11)]. No associations were observed between n-3 PUFA and self-rated or mental health, or between white fish and unhealthy ageing. Conclusions In this cohort of Spanish individuals with elevated intake of fish and a high adherence to the Mediterranean diet, consumption of blue fish and n-3 PUFA had a prospective protective association with deficits accumulation.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

35. Gender Differences in Pain Risk in Old Age: Magnitude and Contributors

Author: Esther Lopez-Garcia, Isabel Rodríguez-Sánchez, José R. Banegas, Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas, Rosario Ortolá, Esther García-Esquinas, Francisco Félix Caballero, and Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
Subjects: Male, Databases, Factual, Health Behavior, Disease, Severity of Illness Index, Cohort Studies, Sex Factors, Prevalence, Humans, Medicine, Geriatric Assessment, Depression (differential diagnoses), Aged, Pain Measurement, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Absolute risk reduction, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Socioeconomic Factors, Spain, Relative risk, Cohort, Female, Chronic Pain, business, Body mass index, Psychosocial, Demography
Abstract: Objectives To identify the factors associated with the excess risk of pain observed among older women compared with men. Patients and Methods We used information from a cohort of 851 women and men age 63 years and older who were free of pain during 2012 and were followed up to December 31, 2015. Sociodemographic variables, health behaviors, psychosocial factors, morbidity, and functional limitations were assessed in 2012 during home visits. Incident pain in 2015 was classified according to its frequency, intensity, and number of localizations into lowest, middle, and highest categories. Results During a mean follow-up of 2.8 years, the incidence of middle and highest pain was 12.5% and 22.6% in women and 12.4% and 12.6% in men, respectively. The age-adjusted relative risk ratios and 95% CIs of middle and highest pain in women versus men were 1.20 (0.79-1.83) and 2.03 (1.40-2.94), respectively. In a mediation analysis, a higher frequency in women than men of osteomuscular disease, impaired mobility, and impaired agility accounted, respectively, for 31.1%, 46.6%, and 32.0% of the excess risk of highest pain in women compared with men. Other relevant mediators were psychological distress (25.2%), depression (8.7%), poor sleep quality (10.7%), and lower recreational physical activity (12.6%). Conclusion A greater frequency of some chronic diseases, worse functional status, psychological distress, and lower physical activity can mediate the excess risk of pain in older women compared with men. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02804672
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

36. Frequency and Prognosis of Treated Hypertensive Patients According to Prior and New Blood Pressure Goals

Author: Alejandro Lucia, Gema Ruiz-Hurtado, Juan J. de la Cruz, Ernest Vinyoles, Manuel Gorostidi, Fernando Arribas, Bryan Williams, Julian Segura, José R. Banegas, Paul K. Whelton, Luis M. Ruilope, Juan Tamargo, Eoin O'Brien, Jorge Solis, Alejandro de la Sierra, Juan García-Puig, Maria G. Barderas, and Massimo Volpe
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Ambulatory blood pressure, business.industry, Enfermedad cardiovascular, Treatment goals, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Presión sanguínea, 03 medical and health sciences, Medicina preventiva, 0302 clinical medicine, Blood pressure, Hipertensión, Emergency medicine, Internal Medicine, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, business
Abstract: United States and European guidelines have recommended new treatment goals for office blood pressure (BP). We examined 9784 hypertensives of the Spanish Ambulatory BP Monitoring (ABPM) registry with office BP treated to the prior goal (
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

37. Cooking Methods and Their Relationship with Anthropometrics and Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Older Spanish Adults

Author: Montserrat Rodríguez-Ayala, Helena Sandoval-Insausti, Ana Bayán-Bravo, José R. Banegas, Carolina Donat-Vargas, Rosario Ortolá, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, and Pilar Guallar-Castillón
Subjects: Male, Nutrition and Dietetics, Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart Disease Risk Factors, Risk Factors, Insulins, Humans, cooking methods, anthropometrics, cardiovascular risk factors, blood pressure, cardiac function biomarkers, older adults, Seniors-ENRICA 2 cohort, Female, Cooking, Biomarkers, Aged, Food Science
Abstract: Food consumption has a prominent role in the occurrence of cardiometabolic diseases, however, little is known about the specific influence of cooking methods. This study examined the association between cooking methods and anthropometrics, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiac damage biomarkers in older adults. Data were taken from 2476 individuals aged ≥65 from the Seniors-ENRICA 2 cohort in Spain and recruited between 2015 and 2017. Eight cooking methods (raw, boiling, roasting, pan-frying, frying, toasting, sautéing, and stewing) were assessed using a face-to-face validated dietary history. Study associations were summarized as adjusted percentage differences (PDs) in anthropometrics, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiac damage biomarkers between extreme sex-specific quintiles ((5th − 1st/1st) × 100) of food consumed with each cooking method, estimated using marginal effects from generalized linear models. After adjusting for potential confounders, including diet quality, PDs corresponding to raw food consumption were −13.4% (p-trend
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

38. Association of prolonged nightly fasting with cardiovascular, renal, inflammation, and nutritional status biomarkers in community-dwelling older adults

Author: Daniela B Estrada-deLeón, Ellen A Struijk, Francisco Félix Caballero, Rosario Ortolá, Pilar Guallar-Castillón, José R Banegas, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, and Esther Lopez-Garcia
Subjects: Inflammation, Nutrition and Dietetics, Cross-Sectional Studies, Medicine (miscellaneous), Humans, Nutritional Status, Fasting, Independent Living, Diet, Mediterranean, Biomarkers, Aged
Abstract: Prolonged fasting as a dietary strategy has been linked to metabolic benefits; however, data supporting these benefits corresponded to studies in very small samples of young participants in controlled environments, with few cardiovascular risk markers, who were studied for short periods of time.We sought to assess the association of habitual prolonged nightly fasting with a wide array of cardiovascular, renal, inflammation, and nutritional status biomarkers among community-dwelling older adults.Cross-sectional analysis of data were obtained from 1047 adults aged ≥65 y from the Seniors Study on Nutrition and Cardiovascular Risk in Spain 2 (Seniors-ENRICA-2) cohort. Habitual diet was assessed through a validated diet history. Fasting time was classified into the following categories:10, 10 to 12, and 2 h/d, the latter being considered prolonged nightly fasting. Adjusted geometric means of biomarker concentrations in blood and serum were estimated using linear regression models, by categories of fasting time. Main confounders included overall diet quality, defined as adherence to a Mediterranean diet score, and BMI (in kg/m2).Longer fasting time was associated with: lower concentration of HDL cholesterol (difference between the longest and shortest fasting category: -2.94 mg/dL; 95% CI: -4.80, -1.09; P-trend: 0.01); higher potassium concentration (0.11 mEq/L; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.19; P-trend: 0.01); and lower concentration of chloride (-0.50 mEq/L; 95% CI: -0.91, -0.09; P-trend: 0.03). These results were slightly attenuated after additional adjustment for BMI.Habitual prolonged nightly fasting did not show beneficial associations with the examined biomarkers. By contrast, some modest detrimental associations were found suggesting that extended periods of time between meals may not be beneficial for older adults.
Published: 2021

39. Ultra-Processed Food Consumption is Associated with Renal Function Decline in Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study

Author: José R. Banegas, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, Ana Bayán-Bravo, Carolina Donat-Vargas, Pilar Guallar-Castillón, Jimena Rey-García, Belén Moreno-Franco, Helena Sandoval-Insausti, UAM. Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública y Microbiología, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Paz (IdiPAZ)
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Medicina, Cardiovascular risk factors, Renal function, lcsh:TX341-641, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, renal function decline, Logistic regression, Kidney, Kidney Function Tests, Article, creatinine serum levels, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Renal function decline, Risk Factors, ultra-processed food, Internal medicine, medicine, Confidence Intervals, Odds Ratio, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Aged, Consumption (economics), Creatinine, glomerular filtration rate, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Creatinine serum levels, Confounding, Odds ratio, Feeding Behavior, Ultra-processed food, chemistry, Fast Foods, Female, Glomerular filtration rate, business, Energy Intake, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Food Science
Abstract: Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular risk factors and mortality. However, little is known on the UPF effect on renal function. The aim of this study is to assess prospectively the association between consumption of UPF and renal function decline. This is a prospective cohort study of 1312 community-dwelling individuals aged 60 and older recruited during 2008–2010 and followed up to December 2015. At baseline, a validated dietary history was obtained. UPF was identified according to NOVA classification. At baseline and at follow-up, serum creatinine (SCr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels were ascertained and changes were calculated. A combined end-point of renal decline was considered: SCr increase or eGFR decreased beyond that expected for age. Logistic regression with adjustment for potential confounders was performed. During follow-up, 183 cases of renal function decline occurred. The fully adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) of renal function decline across terciles of percentage of total energy intake from UPF were 1.56 (1.02–2.38) for the second tercile, and 1.74 (1.14–2.66) for the highest tercile; p-trend was 0.026. High UPF consumption is independently associated with an increase higher than 50% in the risk of renal function decline in Spanish older adults., Data collection was funded by the following grants: FIS PI09/1626, PI16/00609, PI16/01460, PI17/1709, PI20/144 (State Secretary of R + D and FEDER/FSE), and the CIBERESP, Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid, Spain. Carolina Donat-Vargas has an “Atracción de talento” contract from the Regional Government of the Madrid Community/IMDEA Food
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

40. Changes in Health Behaviors, Mental and Physical Health among Older Adults under Severe Lockdown Restrictions during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain

Author: Esther García-Esquinas, Elvira Lara, Ellen A Struijk, Ignacio Ara, Josep Maria Haro, José R. Banegas, Francisco García-García, Narcis Gusi, Alberto Lana, Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas, David Martínez-Gómez, Alejandro Alvarez-Bustos, Germán Vicente-Rodríguez, Iago Gine-Vazquez, Mercedes Sotos-Prieto, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, José A. Carnicero, Beatriz Olaya, Rosario Ortol, Irene Rodríguez-Gómez, Asier Mañas, José Luis Ayuso-Mateos, Marta Miret, UAM. Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública y Microbiología, UAM. Departamento de Pedagogía, UAM. Departamento de Psiquiatría, and Centro Colaborador de la Organización Mundial de la Salud para Docencia e Investigación en Servicios de Salud Mental
Subjects: Gerontology, Male, elderly, Mediterranean diet, Educación, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Health Behavior, lockdown, 0302 clinical medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Social isolation, media_common, Chronic pain, Loneliness, lifestyle behaviors, Feeling, confinement, Medicine, mental health, medicine.symptom, chronic pain, COVID-19, medicine.medical_specialty, Medicina, media_common.quotation_subject, Article, Screen time, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, Pandemics, Aged, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine.disease, Mental health, Telephone interview, Spain, Communicable Disease Control, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Demography
Abstract: We used data from 3041 participants in four cohorts of community-dwelling individuals aged ≥65 years in Spain collected through a pre-pandemic face-to-face interview and a telephone interview conducted between weeks 7 to 15 after the beginning of the COVID-19 lockdown. On average, the confinement was not associated with a deterioration in lifestyle risk factors (smoking, alcohol intake, diet, or weight), except for a decreased physical activity and increased sedentary time, which reversed with the end of confinement. However, chronic pain worsened, and moderate declines in mental health, that did not seem to reverse after restrictions were lifted, were observed. Males, older adults with greater social isolation or greater feelings of loneliness, those with poorer housing conditions, as well as those with a higher prevalence of chronic morbidities were at increased risk of developing unhealthier lifestyles or mental health declines with confinement. On the other hand, previously having a greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet and doing more physical activity protected older adults from developing unhealthier lifestyles with confinement. If another lockdown were imposed during this or future pandemics, public health programs should specially address the needs of older individuals with male sex, greater social isolation, sub-optimal housing conditions, and chronic morbidities because of their greater vulnerability to the enacted movement restrictions, The Seniors-ENRICA-2 study was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spain), State Secretary of R+D+I and FEDER/FSE research grants PI16/609, PI18/287, and 19/319; CIBERESP (16/01); and Cátedra de Epidemiología y Control del Riesgo Cardiovascular at UAM (#820024). ELS was supported by a Juan de la Cierva Contract from the Ministy of Universities. DMG and MSP were supported by supported by a “Ramon y Cajal”contract. Edad con Salud was funded by the Seventh Framework Programme (grant number 223071-COURAGE Study); the Insti tuto de Salud Carlos III (grants number PS09/00295(JMH), PS09/01845 (JLA), PI12/01490 (JMH), PI13/00059 (JLA), PI16/00212 (JMH), PI16/00218 (MM), PI16/01073 (JLA)); the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) “A Way to Build Europe” (grant numbers PI12/01490, PI13/00059, PI16/00212 and PI16/01073);and CIBERSAM. EL was supported by the Sara Borrell postdoctoral programme (CD18/00099) from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III and co-funded by the European Union (FEDER/FSE, “Investing in your future”). BO was supported by the Miguel Servet programme (reference CP20/00040), funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III and co-funded by European Union (ERDF/ESF, "Investing in your future"). The Toledo Study for Healthy Ageing was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, cofinanced by FEDER (RD120001/0043), CIBERFES (CB16/10/00464) and DIABFRAIL-LATAM (contract number 825546, Horizon 2020). The Elderly EXERNET multicenter study was supported by the Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (DEP2016-78309-R (GVR)), the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (Red EXERNET DEP2005-00046 JAC)), the High Council of Sports (Consejo Superior de Deportes) of the Ministe rio de Cultura y Deportes (09/UPB/19 (JAC) and 45/UPB/20 (JAC)), CIBERFES, the 4IE+ project (0499_4IE_PLUS_4_E (NG)) funded by the Interreg V-A España-Portugal (POCTEP) 2014-2020 pro gram, and FEDER funds from the European Union (CB16/10/00477 (IA)). The funding agencies had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, interpretation of results, manuscript preparation or the decision to submit this manuscript for publication
Published: 2021

41. Association of cooking patterns with inflammatory and cardio-metabolic risk biomarkers

Author: Belén Moreno-Franco, Carolina Donat-Vargas, Esther Lopez-Garcia, Pilar Guallar-Castillón, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, Helena Sandoval-Insausti, José R. Banegas, Montserrat Rodríguez-Ayala, Jimena Rey-García, and UAM. Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública y Microbiología
Subjects: Adult, Food preservation, Medicina, Inflammatory markers, Renal function, lcsh:TX341-641, Urine, Diet Surveys, Article, chemistry.chemical_compound, High-density lipoprotein, Humans, Medicine, Cooking, Food science, Dietary patterns, Cardiovascular risk factors, Inflammation, Creatinine, Nutrition and Dietetics, medicine.diagnostic_test, Cholesterol, business.industry, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Anthropometry, chemistry, Cooking methods, business, Lipid profile, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Biomarkers, Food Science
Abstract: Diet has been clearly associated with cardiovascular disease, but few studies focus on the influence of cooking and food preservation methods on health. The aim of this study was to describe cooking and food preservation patterns, as well as to examine their association with inflammatory and cardio-metabolic biomarkers in the Spanish adult population. A cross-sectional study of 10,010 individuals, representative of the Spanish population, aged 18 years or over was performed using data from the ENRICA study. Food consumption data were collected through a face-to-face dietary history. Cooking and food preservation patterns were identified by factor analysis with varimax rotation. Linear regression models adjusted for main confounders were built. Four cooking and food preservation patterns were identified. The Spanish traditional pattern (positively correlated with boiling and sautéing, brining, and light frying) tends to be cardio-metabolically beneficial (with a reduction in C-reactive protein (−7.69%)), except for high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), insulin levels, and anthropometrics. The health-conscious pattern (negatively correlated with battering, frying, and stewing) tends to improve renal function (with a reduction in urine albumin (−9.60%) and the urine albumin/creatinine ratio (−4.82%)). The youth-style pattern (positively correlated with soft drinks and distilled alcoholic drinks and negatively with raw food consumption) tends to be associated with good cardio-metabolic health except, for lower HDL-c (−6.12%), higher insulin (+6.35%), and higher urine albumin (+27.8%) levels. The social business pattern (positively correlated with the consumption of fermented alcoholic drinks, food cured with salt or smoke, and cured cheese) tends to be detrimental for the lipid profile (except HDL-c), renal function (urine albumin +8.04%), diastolic blood pressure (+2.48%), and anthropometrics. Cooking and food preservation patterns showed a relationship with inflammatory and cardio-metabolic health biomarkers. The Spanish traditional pattern and the health-conscious pattern were associated with beneficial effects on health and should be promoted. The youth-style pattern calls attention to some concerns, and the social business pattern was the most detrimental one. These findings support the influence of cooking and preservation patterns on health., FIS grants 17/1709, 19/319, 19/665, and 20/144 (Instituto de Salud Carlos III, State Secretary of R+D+I, and FEDER/FSE) were received from the CIBERESP (Instituto de Salud Carlos III). Carolina Donat-Vargas obtained a scholarship (Contrato de atracción de talento/Capture talent contract at IMDEA-Food) from the Community of Madrid
Published: 2021

42. Author response: Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight

Author: Zahra Mohammadi, Abdul Basit, Helena I. S. Nogueira, Soile E. Puhakka, Hongsheng Bi, Ari Voutilainen, Davood Khalili, Bin Zhou, Dermot O'Reilly, Natascia Rinaldo, Paulo A. Lotufo, Bahareh Kheiri, Thein Thein Htay, Simona Giampaoli, Goodarz Danaei, M. Fernanda Lima-Costa, Simona Bo, Peter Schnohr, Jerzy Chudek, Francesco Panza, Ling Yang, Katia Vergetti Bloch, Vincenzo Capuano, Holly E. Syddall, Dong Zhao, Indah Suci Widyahening, Maria Lorenza Muiesan, Leng Huat Foo, Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad, Merete Osler, Laura Torres-Collado, Manu Raj, Adroaldo Cesar Araujo Gaya, Susi Kriemler, Ali Akbar Shayesteh, Aneta Grajda, Anette Varbo, Kazem Mohammad, Leila Beltrami Moreira, Shu Ti Chiou, Iuliia A Rusakova, Jyh Eiin Wong, Torben Jørgensen, Lela Sturua, Lubica Ticha, Hamid Hakimi, Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa, Yanina Zócalo, Freda Pitakaka, Savvas C. Savva, Rajeev Gupta, Jennifer Servais, Marie Kunešová, Johanna M. Geleijnse, Elysée Claude Bika Lele, Yannis Manios, Jorge Escobedo-de la Peña, Yufang Bi, Chinh Nguyen Huu, Sibel Gogen, Viviane Cunha Cardoso, Kristine H. Allin, Ana Azevedo, Line Tang Møllehave, Vincent Jr DeGennaro, Novie O. Younger-Coleman, Gretchen A Stevens, Dickman Gareta, Holger Theobald, Anja Schienkiewitz, Bekbolat Zholdin, Janice Luisa Lukrafka, Adela Chirita-Emandi, Ulla Roggenbuck, Kenisha Russell Jonsson, Robespierre Ribeiro, Gabriele Eiben, Eero Kajantie, Sounnia Mediene Benchekor, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Mary Simon, Prakash C. Gupta, Mohammad Esmaeel Motlagh, Emanuela Gualdi-Russo, María Elena Díaz-Sánchez, Pilar Guallar-Castillón, Bee Koon Poh, Cristina Padez, Azaliia M Tuliakova, Sarah P. Garnett, William R. Tebar, Yingfeng Zheng, Suhad Bahijri, Christina Mavrogianni, Mihaela Vladulescu, Jan A. Staessen, Paula Duarte de Oliveira, Rui Ornelas, Michael Sjöström, Charles Agyemang, Slawomir Koziel, Shohreh Naderimagham, Jari Jokelainen, Stephen T. McGarvey, Patrick Pasquet, Farnam Mohebi, Nader Saki, Aida Pilav, Azim Nejatizadeh, Marianna Noale, Habiba Ben Romdhane, Luís B. Sardinha, Laura Lauria, Jun Hata, Kodanda R Kanala, Gert B. M. Mensink, Nils Lehmann, Elio Riboli, Carolina Tarqui-Mamani, Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco, Rosangela Fernandes Lucena Batista, Victoria E Soto-Rojas, Luis Serra-Majem, Martina Müller-Nurasyid, Felipe Vogt Cureau, Lekhraj Rampal, Zhamilya Battakova, Ludmila Sevcikova, Suhaila Abdul Ghaffar, Fikru Tullu, Aung Soe Htet, Angel R. Gonzalez, Annette J. Dobson, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Hélène Delisle, Francisco J. Félix-Redondo, Ramón Suárez-Medina, Annika Rosengren, Sania Nishtar, Tanja G. M. Vrijkotte, Wolfgang Ahrens, Osvaldo Santos, Maria Cecília Formoso Assunção, Kazi M. Jamil, Stefano Marventano, Wenbin Wei, Norsyamlina Che Abdul Rahim, Shukri F. Mohamed, Bente Sparboe-Nilsen, Soon-Woo Park, Ana Isabel Rito, David Goltzman, W. M. Monique Verschuren, Catterina Ferreccio, Marta Buoncristiano, Ramón Alberto Rascón-Pacheco, Pradeep Joshi, Edward D Janus, Laetitia Huiart, Ala'a Alkerwi, Lorenza Pilotto, Mohannad Al Nsour, Daan Kromhout, Marius B. Bjertness, Oanh T. H. Trinh, Nico Dragano, Angélica Ochoa-Avilés, Ingunn Holden Bergh, Yuki Fujita, Juraci Almeida Cesar, Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri, Maria Dorobantu, Jordi Sunyer, Wolfgang Kratzer, Susanne R. de Rooij, Drude Molbo, Rebecca Goldsmith, Jean Woo, Mohammad El-khateeb, Tiffany K. Gill, Nish Chaturvedi, Benjamin Acosta-Cazares, Erik Lykke Mortensen, Nikhil D. Patel, Francesco Pistelli, Yuan He, Ivana Radic, Yi Zeng, Ilse Khouw, Reynaldo Martorell, Ching-Yu Cheng, Stine Schramm, Hana Shimizu-Furusawa, Jacek Jóźwiak, Radwan Qasrawi, Isti Ilmiati Fujiati, Charles Sossa Jérome, Ben Schöttker, Mikhail Benet, Anastasia Markaki, Christopher T. Cowell, Bharathi Viswanathan, Renata Kuciene, Jose Eugenio Lozano, Pedro J Ortiz, Delphine De Smedt, Elaine M. Murtagh, Kamel Ajlouni, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Graziella D'Arrigo, Xiangjun Wang, Lars Lind, Macia Enguerran, Marjeta Mišigoj-Duraković, Bo Werner, Jean-Michel Gaspoz, Kyungwon Oh, Seyed Rasoul Zakavi, Daniel Fernández-Bergés, Felix Kaducu, Ramon O. Jimenez, Jonathan E. Shaw, Nipa Rojroongwasinkul, Aicha Soumare, Astrid Petersmann, Tomasz Grodzicki, Parvina Mukhtorova, Eha Nurk, Bhawesh Koirala, Óscar Lopes, Ana Jelakovic, Karolina Milkowska, Magda Gasull, Regina Heidinger-Felso, Marcela González-Gross, Belong Cho, Daphne Mirkopoulou, Salvador Villalpando, Tran Quoc Bao, José Boggia, Daniela Galeone, Josep Redon, Matthias Bopp, Abbas Rezaianzadeh, Dusko Bjelica, Amir Houshang Mehrparvar, Felipe F. Casanueva, Khairil Si-Ramlee, Soheir H Ahmed, Maria Nordendahl, Luciana Zaccagni, Mahboubeh Parsaeian, Rod Jackson, Jorge Motta, Keiu Nelis, Fernando Rigo, Andrzej Pajak, Christa Meisinger, Clara Homs, Namuna Shrestha, Mar Alvarez-Pedrerol, Xun Tang, Johann Willeit, Motahareh Kheradmand, Jean Dallongeville, Jean-Bernard Ruidavets, Anne Tjønneland, Diana A. Santos, Lynne M. Boddy, Jie Hao, David Alejandro González-Chica, Elin Kolle, Jingli Gao, Małgorzata Mossakowska, Isabel O. Oliveira, Giuseppe Grosso, Seongjun Ha, Olfa Saidi, Albina A Fakhretdinova, Oye Gureje, Raluca Pop, Iulia Jurca Simina, Nuno Lunet, Maria Forsner, Peter Bjerregaard, Rachael McLean, Antonio Cabrera de León, Guy De Backer, José A. Casajús, Guang Ning, Emmanuella Magriplis, Laura Censi, Graziella Bruno, Valentina Peterkova, Angelique Chan, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Charalambos Hadjigeorgiou, Anjani Kumar Jha, Toomas Veidebaum, Thamara Hubler Figueiró, Jana Kratenova, Michelle Cilia, Ivo Rakovac, Bill Stavreski, Ya Xing Wang, Oscar Noboa, Romana Roccaldo, Sara Magnacca, Johan Sundström, Peter Stehle, Tania Lopez, Francis Delpeuch, Julianne Williams, Ellisiv B. Mathiesen, Leanne M. Riley, Claudia M. Hormiga, Joanne Katz, Ekaterina Stoyanova, Heloisa Bettiol, Gabriele Nagel, Alireza Khosravi, Lars Bo Andersen, João Breda, Jørgen Meisfjord, Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff, Marjeta Majer, Robert Beaglehole, Caleb Ochimana, Shynar Abdrakhmanova, George S. Stergiou, Blanca Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Leon A. Simons, Eng Joo Tan, Victoria Farrugia Sant'Angelo, Gry Skodje, Maryam Keramati, Liv Elin Torheim, Seppo Koskinen, Assembekov Batyrbek, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Ming-Hui Zhao, Krista Fischer, Tobias F. Rinke de Wit, Agnès Le Port, Reza Homayounfar, James E. Bennett, Yuna He, Matsuda Fumihiko, Qi Sheng You, Angela Spinelli, Scott B. McLean, Shirin Djalalinia, Thet Thet Mu, Yves Martin-Prével, Rafael N. Pichardo, Gailute Bernotiene, Pietro Amedeo Modesti, Frederick C. W. Wu, Chandini Nekkantti, Daniela Rodrigues, Tandi E. Matsha, Mihai Gafencu, Xingwang Ye, Salar Rahimikazerooni, Trevor S. Ferguson, Christophe Tzourio, Marie Zins, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, Xu Ma, Elin Pettersen Sørgjerd, Lourdes Ribas-Barba, Nalan Uysal, Salim Berkinbayev, Enisa Kujundzic, Sari Voutilainen, Iraj Mohebbi, Heiner Boeing, Jorge Mota, Jana Námešná, Maria Tsigga, Zivka Dika, Gulmira Aitmurzaeva, Xu Lin, Valéria Regecová, Herman Schargrodsky, Stevo Popovic, Amelia C. Crampin, Hannu Uusitalo, André Luiz Sena Guimarães, Ali Esmaeili, Catherine Kyobutungi, Virginija Dulskiene, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, David De Ridder, Lizzy M. Brewster, Hashem Jaddou, Eunice Ugel, José Camolas, Azli Baharudin, Idris Guessous, Sok King Ong, Tabara Yasuharu, Ali Ghanbari, Anne W. Taylor, Iraj Nabipour, Justyna Godos, Cyrus Cooper, Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva, Gonzalo Valdivia, Gyulli M. Kazakbaeva, Takuro Furusawa, Pawel Kurjata, Diego Vanuzzo, Marvin Cervantes-Loaiza, Karen Morgan, Mostafa Qorbani, Rute Santos, Marika Ferrari, Diego Salmerón, Ida Maria Schmidt, Gao Pei, Abu Am Hanif, Balkish M. Naidu, Maria Wany Louzada Strufaldi, Moesijanti Soekatri, Marcia Scazufca, Katharina Maruszczak, Jacqueline Ramke, Elvis Oa Wambiya, Kairit Mikkel, Napoleón Pérez-Farinós, Natalia Nowak-Szczepanska, Miao Li Chee, Jose Sanchez-Abanto, Rajaa Al-Raddadi, Michel Joffres, Vayia Rarra, Ningli Wang, Charmaine A. Duante, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Manoli Garcia-de-la-Hera, Weili Yan, Dong Wook Shin, Rômulo Araújo Fernandes, Ilona Nenko, Sanjib Kumar Sharma, Alfonso Siani, Indrapal I. Meshram, Imelda A. Agdeppa, Ei Ei K. Nang, Ian Rouse, Avula Laxmaiah, Ana M. B. Menezes, Yih Chung Tham, Ebrahim Eftekhar, María José Tormo, Felicia Cañete, Marie Eliasen, Lutgart Braeckman, Dirk Vanderschueren, Genc Burazeri, Kari Kuulasmaa, Jesús Vioque, Marisa K. Sophiea, Agneta Sjöberg, Katarzyna Dereń, Albertino Damasceno, Jochanan Stessman, Stig E. Bojesen, Aline Meirhaeghe, Else Karin Grøholt, Flávio Danni Fuchs, Robert Lundqvist, Frédéric Gottrand, Jeongseon Kim, Helmut Schröder, Joanna Baran, Karina Mary de Paiva, Yousef Khader, Eric Monterrubio-Flores, Aneta Weres, Hans Concin, Damaskini Valvi, Sari Hantunen, Machi Suka, Elena Sacchini, Norbert Amougou, Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Edwige Landais, Viktoria Anna Kovacs, Rosemarie Martin, Kenneth James, Amaneh Shayanrad, Grethe S. Tell, Norazizah Ibrahim Wong, Vedrana Sember, Anelise Reis Gaya, Konrad Jamrozik, Thorkild I. A. Sørensen, Martin Neovius, Urho M. Kujala, Nathalie Michels, Marcel Goldberg, Alexandra Cucu, Liliana Dacica, Adelheid Weber, Hermann Pohlabeln, Sandjaja, Jukka T. Salonen, Patricia Varona-Pérez, Tiina Laatikainen, Jolanta Słowikowska-Hilczer, Ana Paula Carlos Cândido, Julie Taylor, Anabela Mota-Pinto, Cora L. Craig, Teresa Shamah-Levy, María Dolores Chirlaque, Mohd Azahadi Omar, Dominique Cottel, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Andrea Gazzinelli, Mieczysław Litwin, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Adolfo Rubinstein, Abbas Dehghan, Rildo de Souza Wanderley Júnior, Wenhua Zhao, Aleksandra Piwońska, Yong Tao, Bontha V. Babu, Marc J. Gunter, Harunobu Nakamura, Wojciech Drygas, Eiji Oda, Jia Li Duan, Stefan Söderberg, Anthony Kafatos, Lynell V Maniego, Els Clays, Wei-Yen Lim, Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid, Mariachiara Di Cesare, Mattias Johansson, Simona Costanzo, Margot González-León, Matthias Nauck, Henry Völzke, George Luiz Lins Machado-Coelho, Annette Peters, Rajiv T Erasmus, Juan Francisco Miquel, Andrea Gualtieri, Abdul Hamid Zargar, Kaare Christensen, Peter Willeit, Tanja Stocks, Christine Cameron, Samuel C. Dumith, Janina Petkeviciene, Boyd Swinburn, Magdalena Muc, Sabine Schipf, Tajana Zeljkovic Vrkic, Martin Bobak, Damian K Francis, Veronica Mocanu, Karien Stronks, Antonisamy Belavendra, Artur Mazur, Nagalla Balakrishna, Jardena J. Puder, Mehrdad Azmin, Shelly R. McFarlane, Sara Santos Sanz, Yang Yang, Anneke Blokstra, Rafel Ramos, Ertugrul Celikcan, Jody C Miller, Jesús Ibarluzea, Svetlana A. Shalnova, Maria Elisa Zapata, Guansheng Ma, Fereidoun Azizi, Beatriz D'Agord Schaan, Pedro Marques-Vidal, William A. Neal, Ana B. Crujeiras, Zhenyu Zhang, Naser Ahmadi, Abdullatif Husseini, Alun Evans, Jiang He, Edyta Łuszczki, Maria G. Stathopoulou, Alibek Mereke, Mari-Liis Tammesoo, Axel C. Carlsson, Helen Gonçalves, Idowu O Senbanjo, Jim Mann, Rajendra Pradeepa, Juel Jarani, Eva Martos, Eugene Sobngwi, Themistoklis Tzotzas, Vassilis Zafiropulos, Reina Engle-Stone, Atul Trivedi, Hui Cai, Sarah Filippi, Georg Posch, Galina Obreja, Cecily Kelleher, Sareh Eghtesad, Chung T Nguyen, Kay-Tee Khaw, Joseph Cacciottolo, Ana Henriques, Yi-Ting Lin, Anil Poudyal, Liam Smeeth, Kenji Shibuya, Emma Ruiz Moreno, Annamari Lundqvist, Thor Aspelund, Caroline H.D. Fall, Philippe Amouyel, Kristyna Zejglicova, Argyro Karakosta, Piotr Bandosz, Juvenal Soares Dias-da-Costa, Maria Lazo-Porras, Maung Maung Than Htike, Dalia Luksiene, Jutta Stieber, Augusto Di Castelnuovo, Aryeh D. Stein, Lechaba Tshepo, Judith Benedics, Aletta E. Schutte, Jürgen König, Magdalena Korzycka, Grzegorz Sobek, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Tai Hing Lam, Yn-Tz Sung, Masanori Iwasaki, Elias F. Gudmundsson, Antonio Mistretta, Daniel Lemogoum, Nimmathota Arlappa, Isabelle Herter-Aeberli, Khanh Le Nguyen Bao, Shoichiro Tsugane, Kaosar Afsana, Alireza Sadjadi, Myriam Galfo, Jean Claude Mbanya, Bernardo L. Horta, Marleen E. Hendriks, M. Arfan Ikram, Fadia AlBuhairan, Huashuai Chen, Marzieh Katibeh, Sidsel Graff-Iversen, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Larissa Pruner Marques, Louise Eriksen, Aleksandra Gomula, Ricky Eddie, Maciej Banach, Jost B. Jonas, Andrea R. V. R. Horimoto, Slavica Sović, Charles Mondo, Felix Gutzwiller, Mariana Sbaraini, Aye Aye Sein, Henrike Galenkamp, Jaume Marrugat, Nazan Yardim, Cecilia Björkelund, Luigi Palmieri, Roya Kelishadi, Jie Mi, Nahla Hwalla, Jing Liu, Davide Noto, Panayiotis K. Yiallouros, Kelias P. Msyamboza, Judith Simons, Sofia Malyutina, Michele Monroy-Valle, Andres Metspalu, Lariane M Ono, Rafaela Rosário, Flora A. Ukoli, Efthymios Kapantais, Enzo Manzato, S. Goya Wannamethee, Alison J Price, Gregorio Varela-Moreiras, Ali Reza Safarpour, Erfan Ghasemi, Janine Clarke, René Charles Sylva, Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud, Zhamyila Usupova, Chaoqiang Jiang, Julio Zuñiga Cisneros, Freja B Kampmann, Wei Cheng Lo, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Kaspar Staub, Mojtaba Farjam, Vincenzo Solfrizzi, Garry L. Jennings, Fabio Galvano, Monika Zuziak, Karin De Ridder, Lucie Viet, Anna Bugge, Mehdi Yaseri, Safiah Md Yusof, Sandra C. Fuchs, Emmanuel Cohen, Snehalatha Chamukuttan, Maria Ruiz-Castell, Karen Sparrenberger, Pedro Plans-Rubio, Wei Zheng, Eldridge Ferrer, Martijn Huisman, Maria Hassapidou, Iris Pigeot, Jakub Stokwiszewski, Domenico Palli, Ewelina Czenczek-Lewandowska, Ramiro Guerrero, Farzad Hadaegh, Han Cg Kemper, Saeid Safiri, Ivan Pećin, Arnaud Chiolero, Niels Møller, Jorge Bezerra, Ulrike Gehring, Iná S. Santos, Dénes Molnár, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff, Marie Moitry, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Jacqueline F. Price, Ranko Stevanovic, Sai Yin Ho, Georg Lappas, Alberto Palloni, Malay K. Mridha, Elaine M. Dennison, Jeonghee Lee, Saeid Eslami, Rahman Shiri, Japhet Killewo, Juergen Breckenkamp, Mathilde Kersting, Y Nikitin, Iqbal Bata, Geetha R Menon, Maria Avdicova, Sanjay Rampal, Antônio Augusto Moura da Silva, Kirsten Mehlig, Chien-An Sun, Ramin Heshmat, Violeta Iotova, Stefaan Demarest, Mette Rasmussen, Dirk De Bacquer, San-Lin You, Suzanne N Morin, Martin Gulliford, Maties Torrent, Luc Dauchet, Fred Paccaud, Paibul Suriyawongpaisal, Sherali Rakhmatulloev, Hyeon Chang Kim, Markku Peltonen, Ruth Frikke-Schmidt, Vera Musil, Ahmad Ali Zainuddin, Angela Chetrit, Dan Zhu, Gowri Mahasampath, Ulrich Keil, Sérgio Viana Peixoto, Haiquan Xu, Helle-Mai Loit, Valérie Deschamps, Ilpo Huhtaniemi, Lijuan Liu, Marialaura Bonaccio, Altan Onat, Rody G. Sy, José María Huerta, Ko Ko Zaw, Akihiro Yoshihara, Peter Ueda, Belgin Ünal, Rachel Dankner, Andrzej Wiecek, Eman Aly, Ruzena Kubinova, Justina Vaitkeviciute, Hanna Tolonen, Priscilla Duboz, Orn Olafsson, Yin Guo, Chiara Donfrancesco, Salim Mohanna, Dusan Grafnetter, Daniel Weghuber, Ali Ahmadi, Rosemary B. Duda, E. Shyong Tai, Louise A. Baur, Nihal Thomas, Prabhdeep Kaur, Norlaila Mustafa, Shariq Rashid Masoodi, Liis Nelis, Badreya Al-Lahou, J. Jaime Miranda, Lèlita Santos, Aroor Bhagyalaxmi, Mohamed Bamoshmoosh, Børge G. Nordestgaard, Jeannette Lee, Ahmad Reza Dorosty, Alain Morejon, Ying-Wei Wang, Jakob Tarp, Rosalba Rojas-Martínez, Luxia Zhang, Bahram Mohajer, Maja Bæksgaard Jørgensen, Jurate Klumbiene, Zhengming Chen, Ambady Ramachandran, Andrea Rodriguez-Martinez, Alisha N. Wade, Suyeon Park, Janne Schurmann Tolstrup, Lucjan Szponar, Krishna Kumar Aryal, Tahir Aris, Mahfuzar Rahman, Dorja Vočanec, Juan P. González-Rivas, Rob M. van Dam, Daniel Bia, Oonagh Markey, Ryutaro Ohtsuka, Kumiko Ohara, Ričardas Radišauskas, Jurate Medzioniene, Tiina Vlasoff, Tania Tello, Suzanne C. Ho, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Rao, May Soe Aung, Vesselka Duleva, Michael Hobbs, Lutgarde Thijs, Marjolein Visser, Parasmani Dasgupta, Inge Huybrechts, Raimund Erbel, Alice Bonilla-Vargas, Hermann Brenner, Mohammad Reza Fattahi, Jolanda Hyska, Roman Topor-Madry, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Merike Liivak, Eruke E. Egbagbe, Mathilde Savy, Herculina S. Kruger, Neil Murphy, Vinay Nangia, Cesar G. Victora, Mostafa K. Mohamed, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Gabriella Gruden, Marcos André Moura-dos-Santos, Mohammed Rasoul Tarawneh, Maria Teresa Menzano, Francesco Branca, Abdonas Tamosiunas, Elena Bogova, Niveen M E Abu-Rmeileh, Maroje Sorić, Aleksander Giwercman, Elżbieta Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Tatjana Hejgaard, Yves Kameli, Margarita Samoutian, Andreia N. Pizarro, Jin Soo Moon, Frank Claessens, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Frank Tanser, Nor Azwany Yaacob, Vanina Bongard, Gregor Jurak, Johan G. Eriksson, Christina-Paulina Lambrinou, Hanspeter Stamm, Kim Overvad, Yanping Li, Carsten Oliver Schmidt, Thomas Meinertz Dantoft, Wichai Aekplakorn, Anwar Batieha, Eduardo Capuano, Teresa Haugsgjerd, Jeremy M. Jacobs, Paola Russo, Nguyen D Nguyen, Luis Revilla, Hossein Poustchi, Farid Najafi, Giovanni de Gaetano, Wan Mohamad Wan Bebakar, Paul Elliott, Denise Eldemire-Shearer, Angela Döring, Giovanni Viegi, Xiaoguang Yang, María-Elena González-Villalpando, Maria Puiu, Maria Benedetta Donati, Andrew Wong, Tomasz Zdrojewski, Carlos P. Boissonnet, Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad, Mahmudur Rahman, Günther Fink, Marcia Makdisse, Dragana P Jovic, Aline Wagner, Coimbatore Subramaniam Shanthirani, Pascal Bovet, Dong Wook Kim, Tom Wilsgaard, Anders Grøntved, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Antonia Trichopoulou, Noushin Mohammadifard, Igor Spiroski, Natasja M. van Schoor, Cláudia S. Minderico, Betina H. Thuesen, Queenie Chan, Ulf Ekelund, Laura A. Rodríguez-Villamizar, Line Lund Kårhus, Cihangir Erem, Amina Barkat, Maria Paula Santos, Fernanda Cunha Soares, Constanta Huidumac Petrescu, Allan G. Hill, Honor Bixby, Benoît Salanave, Joana Carvalho, Maigeng Zhou, Ofra Kalter-Leibovici, Roy A Wong-McClure, Kim F. Michaelsen, Doris Stöckl, Rosalynn Siantar, Jouko Saramies, José R. Banegas, Quang Ngoc La, Uruwan Yamborisut, Parinaz Mehdipour, Farhad Pourfarzi, Sudha Ramachandra Rao, Katsuyasu Kouda, Chien-Jen Chen, Rafael dos Santos Henrique, Martin Nankap, Allan Linneberg, Ronald D. Gregor, Rudolf Kaaks, Maria do Carmo Franco, Marta García-Solano, Beata Gurzkowska, Bahman Cheraghian, Stefaan De Henauw, Daniel Ferrante, Johanna A. Otero, Jamila Abubakar Garba, Antonio Pedro Graça, Sumit Bharadwaj, Shiqi Zhen, Xiu-Hua Guo, Prashant Mathur, Raphael Mendes Ritti-Dias, Kouamelan Doua, Esteban Carmuega, Majid Shirani, Przemyslaw Slusarczyk, Petra Rust, Visnja Djordjic, Farahnaz Joukar, Johanna Gunnlaugsdottir, Leila Houti, Nayu Ikeda, Imperia Brajkovich, Amirabbas Momenan, Erik J. Timmermans, Marcin Rutkowski, Biruta Velika, Joana Araújo, Jostein Steene-Johannessen, Christa L. Lilly, Per Tynelius, Michael Tornaritis, Anne Juolevi, Fatima Zahra Laamiri, Carl Lachat, Kai-Uwe Saum, Espen Bjertness, Ana P. Ortiz, Joel G. R. Roy, Himanshu K. Chaturvedi, Michelle Holdsworth, Niels Wedderkopp, Johan Van der Heyden, Mukharram M. Bikbov, Hsien-Ho Lin, Eva Corpeleijn, Harshpal Singh Sachdev, Mohammad Reza Mirjalili, Maria del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Michala Lustigová, Tuyen D Le, Teresa Norat, Hana Zamrazilová, Garry Brian, Tien Yin Wong, Rosa Haghshenas, Clive Osmond, Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro, Mahmood Moosazadeh, Vilma Irazola, Olli T. Raitakari, Marco Aurélio Peres, Terho Lehtimäki, Shuohua Chen, Dimitrios Papandreou, Robert J. Adams, Sigmund A. Anderssen, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Luisa M Macieira, Félicité Tchibindat, Lital Keinan Boker, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Morten Sodemann, Jytte Halkjær, Zbigniew Kułaga, Sophie Visvikis-Siest, Farshad Farzadfar, N Capkova, Zumin Shi, Maria Turley, Zbigniew Gaciong, Giovanni Veronesi, Martin McKee, Veikko Salomaa, Gilad Twig, Elisabetta L. Romeo, Peter Kristensen, Grazyna Jasienska, Victor Guillermo Sequera, Mario V. Capanzana, Con Burns, Emanuela Pettenuzzo, Ming-Dong Wang, Jonathan Giovannelli, Stela McLachlan, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Stefania Toselli, Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto, Senthil K Vasan, Sara Schramm, Xenophon Theodoridis, Moyses Szklo, Ramfis Nieto-Martínez, Viswanathan Mohan, Guillermo Frontera, Rahul Malhotra, Thomas Ferrao, Dongfeng Gu, Tomas Vega, Hynek Pikhart, Päivi Mäki, Heba Fouad, Vilnis Dzerve, Christina Howitt, Seyed Mohammad Hashemi-Shahri, Jenny M. Kindblom, Marjolijn C. E. Bragt, G. K. Mini, Qian Wang, Liufu Cui, Andrzej Galbarczyk, Sylvain Sebert, Vilmundur Gudnason, Loreto Santa Marina, Kairat Davletov, Afshin Ostovar, Niloofar Peykari, Nicholas J. Wareham, Wilma M. Hopman, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Jussi Kauhanen, Breige A. McNulty, Alina Kerimkulova, Youcef Laid, Claes Ohlsson, Stefan Kiechl, Alicia Matijasevich, Boban Mugoša, Srinivasan Kannan, Jyrki K. Virtanen, Mohan Deepa, Mangesh S. Pednekar, Shahla AlDhukair, Cynthia M. Pérez, Vera Lanska, Tint Swe Latt, Dominique Hange, João Luiz Bastos, Eliza Markidou Ioannidou, Leticia Hernandez Cadena, Maya Tanrygulyyeva, Reza Malekzadeh, Dimitrios Poulimeneas, Pedro Ordunez, Thomas Waldhör, Ioannis Pagkalos, Carlo M. Barbagallo, Abla M. Sibai, Peter Vollenweider, Asher Fawwad, Emily Sonestedt, Elena Pahomova, Santosh K. Bhargava, Patrick Kolsteren, Aya Mostafa, Fangfang Chen, Flavio Nervi, Imre Janszky, Arvind Pandey, Renata Cifkova, Alexandre C. Pereira, Alejandro Diaz, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Rachakulla Hari Kumar, Jaakko Mursu, Luis A. Moreno, Glen Gironella, Jelena Kos, Tilema Cama, Haakon E. Meyer, Jun Ma, Raphael E. Arku, Ziad Abdeen, Rusidah Selamat, Dianna J. Magliano, Jitendra Jonnagaddala, Konstantinos Gkiouras, Paul Korrovits, Paola Nardone, Paolo Vineis, Kotsedi D Monyeki, Khuong Quynh Long, Alberto Barceló, Camilla T. Damsgaard, Constance Schultsz, Frank J Rühli, Santiago F. Gomez, Tara Coppinger, Muhammad Islam, Pierre Traissac, Eleonora d'Orsi, Irfan Nuhoglu, Rui Providência, Bernard Maire, Leandra Abarca-Gómez, Sinead Brophy, Daniela Pierannunzio, Cristina Taddei, Wen-Harn Pan, Gregor Starc, Abdullah Alkandari, Saeed Dastgiri, Lien Braeckevelt, Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez, Sudhir Kowlessur, Bagher Larijani, Cynthia Robitaille, Mohamed M. Ali, Steiner Krokstad, Noor Ani Ahmad, Anar Dushpanova, Agustinus Soemantri, Susana Sans, Ionela Pascanu, Gwenaëlle Le Coroller, Inger Ariansen, Abhijit Sen, Sergej M. Ostojic, Silvana Donoso, Felix K. Assah, Juan A Rivera, Peter H. Whincup, Oana-Florentina Gheorghe-Fronea, Hanan F. Abdul Rahim, Yadlapalli S. Kusuma, Michael Knoflach, Moein Yoosefi, Cassiano Ricardo Rech, Paul Ferdinand M. Reganit, Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen, Francesco Gianfagna, Stefania Maggi, Mohammad Hossein Somi, Behrooz Hamzeh, Bethlehem D. Solomon, Herman Borghs, Zhanna Kalmatayeva, Heidi Klakk, Akram Pourshams, Naomi S. Levitt, Miquel Porta, Vesna Jureša, Alexander D. Deev, Son Thai Pham, Paula Margozzini, Silvia Bel-Serrat, Dora Romaguera, Monira Alarouj, Winsome R. Parnell, Marloes Cardol, David Faeh, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Giota Touloumi, Maryam Kavousi, Sanja Musić Milanović, Jalila El Ati, Sauli Herrala, Liang Xu, Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Ian Hambleton, Stefan Savin, Andre Pascal Kengne, R. Krishna Kumar, Kurt Widhalm, Marco M Ferrario, Parisa Amiri, Yi Song, Jianfeng Wu, Jeannette Klimont, Jean Ferrières, Farhad Zamani, Shina Avi, Luis Paulo Gomes Mascarenhas, Aluísio J D Barros, Reecha Sofat, Koen Van Herck, Hoang Van Minh, Enrique Gutiérrez-González, Martine Vrijheid, Susana Cararo Confortin, Antonis Zampelas, Bogdan Wojtyniak, Ausra Petrauskiene, Juha Auvinen, Maryam Sharafkhah, Emanuel Zitt, Majid Ezzati, Young-Ho Khang, Ellina Rakhimova, Magdalena Klimek, Luís Lopes, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Maria Lc Iurilli, Günay Can, Mark Woodward, Esther Lopez-Garcia, Mauro Virgílio Gomes de Barros, Ahmed A. Madar, Rainford J. Wilks, Shoaib Afzal, Melanie J. Cowan, Gareth Stratton, Eduardo Salazar Martinez, Sameer Narake, Norie Sawada, Li Juan Wu, Adrian Richter, Licia Iacoviello, Hanno Ulmer, Deepak Amarapurkar, Mohsen Ibrahim, Hamed Pouraram, Massimo Salvetti, Hung-Kwan So, Yonghua Hu, Lars Ängquist, Thi Tuyet-Hanh Tran, Charles Lunogelo, Sabina Zambon, Angelika Schaffrath Rosario, Lauren Lissner, Kamarul Imran Musa, Deepa Weerasekera, Bihungum Bista, Takafumi Ishida, Ekaterina Chikova-Iscener, Mirjam M. Heinen, Tazeen H. Jafar, Semánová Csilla, Raija Korpelainen, Edward W. Gregg, Laura Gutierrez, Victor M. Herrera, Aristides M. Machado-Rodrigues, Fatemeh Malekzadeh, Shouling Wu, Jennifer L. Baker, Clicerio González-Villalpando, Irene G. M. van Valkengoed, Anna Fijałkowska, Meghnath Dhimal, Murat Topbaş, George Moschonis, Robert Eggertsen, Quang Ngoc Nguyen, Janette Walton, Elnaz Faramarzi, Nasheeta Peer, Radka Taxová Braunerová, Harald Geiger, Morteza Shamshirgaran, Lela Shengelia, María Ángeles Dal Re Saavedra, Khem Bahadur Karki, Timothy J. Key, Maria G. Grammatikopoulou, Susana Vale, Bernhard O. Boehm, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Iveta Pudule, Elisabete Ramos, Lacramioara Aurelia Brinduse, Paul H. Lee, Terence W O'Neill, Javad Aghazadeh-Attari, Margus Punab, Bojan Jelaković, Eliza Cinteza, Ha Tp Do, and Alison J. Hayes
Subjects: education.field_of_study, business.industry, Population, Distribution (economics), medicine.disease, Obesity, Geography, medicine, Underweight, medicine.symptom, education, business, Body mass index, Demography
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

43. High Consumption of Ultra-Processed Food is Associated with Incident Dyslipidemia: A Prospective Study of Older Adults

Author: José R. Banegas, Belén Moreno-Franco, Jimena Rey-García, Pilar Guallar-Castillón, Carolina Donat-Vargas, Agneta Åkesson, Helena Sandoval-Insausti, and Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Food Handling, Medicine (miscellaneous), Logistic regression, chemistry.chemical_compound, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Aged, Dyslipidemias, Consumption (economics), Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Cholesterol, Nutritional epidemiology, Confounding, Hypertriglyceridemia, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Diet, chemistry, Fast Foods, Female, business, Dyslipidemia
Abstract: Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption has been associated with higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality risks.The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between UPF consumption and incident dyslipidemia in older adults, where evidence is limited.We studied a prospective cohort of 1082 community-dwelling adults in Spain, older than 60 (mean age, 68 ± 6 years old). Participants (52% were women) were recruited between 2008-10 and followed up to 2015. At baseline, food intake data were collected using a validated computerized face-to-face dietary history. UPFs were identified according to the nature and extent of their industrial processing (NOVA classification). Triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol were measured in fasting plasma samples collected at baseline and at follow-up. Statistical analyses were performed with logistic regression adjusted for the main potential confounders.Among those free of corresponding dyslipidemia at baseline, and after a follow-up of between 5 to 7 years, 60 (out of 895) developed incident hypertriglyceridemia (≥150 mg/dL), 112 (out of 878) had low HDL cholesterol (40 in men/50 mg/dL in women), and 54 (out of 472) had high LDL cholesterol (129 mg/dL). The mean percentage of UPF consumption was 19% ± 11% of total energy intake. Those in the highest versus the lowest tertile of energy intake from UPFs had more than twice the odds of incident hypertriglyceridemia (OR, 2.66; 95% CI: 1.20-5.90; P-trend, 0.011) or low HDL cholesterol (OR, 2.23; 95% CI: 1.22-4.05; P-trend, 0.012). UPF consumption was not associated with high LDL cholesterol plasma concentrations.Although UPF consumption in Spain was low among older adults, high consumption of UPFs was clearly associated with incident dyslipidemia. The increase in CVD risk recently found to be associated with UPF consumption might be mediated by these atherogenic lipid abnormalities.
Published: 2020

44. Pain Characteristics, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Cardiovascular Disease

Author: David Martínez-Gómez, Rosario Ortolá, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, Esther García-Esquinas, José R. Banegas, Auxiliadora Graciani, and Isabel Rodríguez-Sánchez
Subjects: Aging, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, Chronic pain, Pain scale, Disease, medicine.disease, Mental health, Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart Disease Risk Factors, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Cohort, medicine, Humans, Cumulative incidence, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Chronic Pain, business, Psychosocial, Aged
Abstract: Background There is unclear evidence that chronic pain may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality. This work evaluated the association between chronic pain, incidence of CVD, and changes in CVD risk factors. Methods Cohort of 1091 community-dwelling individuals of at least 60 years, free from CVD at baseline, followed up for 6 years. Data on psychosocial factors and CVD risk factors were obtained through validated questionnaires and laboratory measurements. A pain scale ranging from 0 (no pain) to 6 (worst pain) was created according to pain frequency, location, and intensity. Results The cumulative incidence of CVD was 4.2% at 3 years and 7.7% at 5 years of follow-up. Compared to individuals without pain in the first 3 years (2012–2015), those with maintained scores of at least 2 showed a mean reduction of 3.57 (−5.77 to −1.37) METs-h/week in recreational physical activity, a 0.38-point (0.04–0.73) increase in psychological distress, and a 1.79 (1.03–3.11) higher odds of poor sleep. These associations held in the second follow-up period, when individuals with maintained pain also worsened their diet quality. A 1-point increase in the pain scale in 2012 was associated with a 1.21 (1.03–1.42) and 1.18 (0.97–1.44) increased CVD incidence in 2015 and 2017, respectively; none of the studied factors mediated this relationship. Conclusions Older adults with chronic pain show important reductions in recreational physical activity and deterioration in mental health, sleep, and diet quality, which may well aggravate pain. Future studies should evaluate whether these factors mediate the increased risk of CVD observed in older adults with chronic pain.
Published: 2020

45. Selenium and impaired physical function in US and Spanish older adults

Author: M. Carrasco-Rios, M. Sotos Prieto, José R. Banegas, Esther García-Esquinas, Ana Navas-Acien, R. Ortolá, Enrique Gutiérrez-González, Pablo Olmedo, Fernando Gil, R. Queipo, Roberto Pastor-Barriuso, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, Maria Tellez-Plaza, Beatriz Pérez-Gómez, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, European Regional Development Fund (ERDF/FEDER), and Unión Europea. Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER/ERDF)
Subjects: Bioquímica, inorganic chemicals, 0301 basic medicine, Weakness, Activities of daily living, Clinical Biochemistry, Biochemistry, Physical performance, 03 medical and health sciences, Grip strength, Selenium, Selenio, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Activities of Daily Living, Medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Aged, lcsh:R5-920, Disability, Adulto, business.industry, Organic Chemistry, Confounding, food and beverages, Muscle weakness, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, Discapacidad intelectual, Confidence interval, Biomarcadores, 030104 developmental biology, Cross-Sectional Studies, lcsh:Biology (General), Spain, Older adults, Cohort, medicine.symptom, lcsh:Medicine (General), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biomarkers, Demography, Research Paper
Abstract: [Background]: Selenium (Se) is a trace element with a narrow safety margin., [Objectives]: To evaluate the cross-sectional and longitudinal dose-response association between Se exposure and measures of impaired physical function and disability in older adults., [Design]: NHANES 2011–2014 cross-sectional (US, n = 1733, age ≥60 years) and Seniors-ENRICA-2 2017–2019 cross-sectional and longitudinal (Spain, n = 2548 and 1741, respectively, age ≥65 years) data were analyzed. Whole blood and serum Se levels were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Lower-extremity performance was assessed with the Short Physical Performance Battery, and muscle weakness with a dynamometer. Incident mobility and agility limitations, and disability in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) were ascertained with standardized questionnaires. Analyses were adjusted for relevant confounders, including physical activity. Results across studies were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis., [Results]: Meta-analyzed odds ratios (95% confidence interval) per log2 increase in whole blood Se were 0.54 (0.32; 0.76) for weakness, 0.59 (0.34; 0.83) for impaired lower-extremity performance, 0.48 (0.31; 0.68) for mobility limitations, 0.71 (0.45; 0.97) for agility limitations, and 0.34 (0.12; 0.56) for disability in at least one IADL. Analyses for serum Se in NHANES showed similar results. Findings suggest the inverse association with grip strength is progressive below 140 μg/L (p-value for non-linear trend in the Seniors-ENRICA-2 study = 0.13), and above 140 μg/L (p-value for non-linear trend in NHANES = 0.11). In the Seniors-ENRICA-2 cohort, with a 2.2 year follow-up period, a doubling in baseline Se levels were associated with a lower incidence of weakness [odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.45 (0.22; 0.91)], impaired lower-extremity performance [0.63 (0.32; 1.23)], mobility [0.43 (0.21; 0.91)] and agility [0.38 (0.18; 0.78)] limitations., [Discussion]: In US and Spanish older adults, Se concentrations were inversely associated with physical function limitations. Further studies are needed to elucidate underlying mechanisms., This work has been supported by grants PI18/287 and 16/609 from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, State Secretary of R + D + I, and FEDER/FSE; and by PID2019-108973RB-C21/C22 from the State Secretary of R + D + I.
Published: 2020

46. Healthy dietary patterns are associated with lower concentrations of growth differentiation factor 15 in older adults

Author: Mercedes Sotos-Prieto, Rosario Ortolá, Ellen A Struijk, Esther Lopez-Garcia, Esther García-Esquinas, José R. Banegas, Francisco Félix Caballero, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, and Antonio Buño-Soto
Subjects: Male, Aging, Growth Differentiation Factor 15, Mediterranean diet, Food consumption, Medicine (miscellaneous), Physiology, Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Diabetes mellitus, Dash, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Healthy aging, Aged, Inflammation, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Feeding Behavior, medicine.disease, Biomarker (medicine), Female, GDF15, Diet, Healthy, business
Abstract: Background Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a biomarker for aging and chronic disease burden that may capture the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects attributed to healthy diets. Objective The aim was to examine whether several healthy dietary patterns and a lower inflammatory potential of diet are associated with lower concentrations of GDF-15 in older adults. Methods We used cross-sectional data from 2501 older adults participating in the Seniors-ENRICA-2 study. Four diet indices were derived from habitual food consumption estimated with a validated diet history: Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS), Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII). Associations of these indices with GDF-15 concentrations were analyzed using linear regression models and adjusted for risk factors and biomarkers associated with chronic disease. Results There was a clear dose-response association between all dietary patterns and serum GDF-15 concentrations; the GDF-15 mean reductions (95% CI) per 1-SD increment in the diet indices were 1.6% (0.1%, 3.1%) for the MEDAS, 2.1% (0.5%, 3.7%) for the AHEI-2010, and 1.6% (0.1%, 3.2%) for the DASH, whereas a mean GDF-15 increase of 1.7% (0.2%, 3.4%) was observed per 1-SD increment in the DII. In analyses excluding fruit and vegetable components from the diet indices, the association for the MEDAS and the AHEI-2010 remained but was attenuated for the DASH. Analyses excluding participants with cardiovascular disease or diabetes rendered very similar results. Conclusions A higher adherence to several healthy dietary patterns and a lower inflammatory potential of diet were related to lower concentrations of GDF-15 in older adults, suggesting that improving diet quality may reduce inflammation and possibly promote healthy aging.
Published: 2020

47. Ultra-Processed Food Consumption is Associated with Abdominal Obesity: A Prospective Cohort Study in Older Adults

Author: Pilar Guallar-Castillón, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, Carolina Donat-Vargas, Helena Sandoval-Insausti, José R. Banegas, Jimena Rey-García, and Manuel Jiménez-Onsurbe
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Mediterranean diet, Food Handling, lcsh:TX341-641, Diet Surveys, Article, abdominal obesity, 03 medical and health sciences, seniors-ENRICA-1 cohort, 0302 clinical medicine, ultra-processed food, Odds Ratio, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Abdominal obesity, Aged, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, Confounding, longitudinal study, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Odds ratio, Anthropometry, Confidence interval, NOVA classification, Diet, Logistic Models, Spain, Obesity, Abdominal, Fast Foods, Female, medicine.symptom, Waist Circumference, business, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Food Science, Demography
Abstract: Introduction and objectives. Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption has been associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors. The aim of this study was to assess, for the first time in the literature, the prospective association between UPF consumption and the incidence of abdominal obesity (AO) in older adults. Methods. The study sample consists of 652 participants in the Seniors Study on Nutrition and Cardiovascular Risk in Spain: Seniors-ENRICA-1 study, (mean age 67, 44% women). At baseline, standardized anthropometric measurements were collected (including abdominal circumference). After a median follow-up of six years, the abdominal circumference was measured again, and the incidence of abdominal obesity (AO) was calculated, defined as an abdominal perimeter &ge, 102 cm in men and &ge, 88 cm in women. At baseline, dietary information was collected using a computerized and validated dietary history. Information was obtained on the usual diet in the previous year. A total number of 880 foods were classified according to their degree of processing following the NOVA classification. Foods or drinks formulated mostly or entirely from substances derived from foods, with little or no presence of the unaltered original food were classified as UPF. For each participant, the percentage of energy from UPF was derived and sex-specific tertiles were calculated. Logistic regression models were built and adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, morbidity, and drug treatment variables.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

48. Five-color Nutri-Score labeling and mortality risk in a nationwide, population-based cohort in Spain: the Study on Nutrition and Cardiovascular Risk in Spain (ENRICA)

Author: Carolina Donat-Vargas, José R. Banegas, Helena Sandoval-Insausti, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, Jimena Rey-García, and Pilar Guallar-Castillón
Subjects: Adult, Male, Adolescent, Adult population, Medicine (miscellaneous), 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, Population based cohort, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Food Labeling, Environmental health, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cardiovascular mortality, Nutrition and Dietetics, Proportional hazards model, Nutritional epidemiology, business.industry, Middle Aged, Diet Records, Spanish population, Nutrition Assessment, Quartile, Dietary history, Spain, Female, business, Nutritive Value
Abstract: The 5-color Nutri-Score (5-CNS) front-of-package labeling system classifies products according to their nutritional quality, so healthier choices are easier when shopping.We examined the association between 5-CNS-based food consumption and long-term mortality in a Spanish, adult population.We recruited 12,054 individuals, representative of the Spanish population aged ≥18 years, in 2008-10 and followed up with them to 2017. Habitual food consumption was collected at baseline with a validated computerized dietary history, conducted by trained interviewers. Based on nutritional quality, foods consumed were categorized into 5 labels [A/Green (best quality), B, C, D, and E/Red (worst quality)] using an established algorithm. For each individual, a 5-CNS dietary index (DI) was calculated by summing up the amount of g/day from the foods consumed by their corresponding nutritional quality rate (e.g., A rated 1 and E rated 5) and dividing it by kg of weight. The associations between baseline 5-CNS DI and mortality were analyzed using multivariate-adjusted Cox models.After a mean follow-up of 8.7 years, 514 deaths occurred (140 cardiovascular and 144 cancer deaths). The all-cause mortality HR for the highest versus the lowest quartile of baseline 5-CNS DI was 1.93 (95% CI, 1.34-2.79; P-trend, 0.001). The association was slightly higher for cardiovascular mortality and was similar for cancer. Those with the highest intake of foods labeled as D or E also had a higher all-cause mortality risk than those with the lowest intake (HR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.56-2.97; P-trend 0.001). Further, the isocaloric replacement of food products labeled as D or E with fresh foods decreases the risk of death.The consumption of poor nutritional quality 5-CNS-labeled food products was associated with higher mortality in Spain. Pending further studies, these findings provide additional evidence to reinforce food policies on the use of this simple labeling tool at a country level.
Published: 2020

49. Prognostic Relevance of Short-Term Blood Pressure Variability: The Spanish ABPM Registry

Author: George S. Stergiou, Alejandro de la Sierra, José R. Banegas, Ernest Vinyoles, Manuel Gorostidi, Aina Mateu, Julian Segura, Luis M. Ruilope, Michael Bursztyn, and Gianfranco Parati
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Ambulatory blood pressure, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, Hazard ratio, Confounding, Diastole, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Total mortality, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Blood pressure, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Medicine, In patient, 030212 general & internal medicine, business
Abstract: The prognostic relevance of short-term blood pressure (BP) variability in hypertension is not clearly established. We aimed to evaluate the association of short-term BP variability, assessed through ambulatory BP monitoring, with total and cardiovascular mortality in a large cohort of patients with hypertension. We selected 63 910 subjects from the Spanish ABPM Registry from 2004 to 2014, with a median follow-up of 4.7 years. Systolic and diastolic BP SD from 24 hours, daytime, and nighttime, weighted SD (mean of daytime and nighttime SD weighted for period duration), average real variability (mean of differences between consecutive readings), variation independent of the mean, and BP variability ratio (ratio between systolic and diastolic 24-hour SD) were calculated through 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring performed at baseline. Association with total and cardiovascular mortality (obtained through death certificates) were assessed by Cox regression models adjusted for clinical confounders and BP. Patients who died during follow-up had higher values of BP variability compared with those remaining alive. In fully adjusted models, daytime, nighttime, and weighted SD, systolic and diastolic, as well as diastolic average real variability, were all significantly associated with total and cardiovascular mortality. Hazard ratios for 1 SD increase ranged from 1.05 to 1.09 for total mortality and from 1.07 to 1.12 for cardiovascular mortality. A nighttime systolic SD ≥12 mm Hg was independently associated with total (hazard ratio: 1.13 [95% CI, 1.06–1.21]) and cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio: 1.21 [95% CI, 1.09–1.36]). We conclude that short-term BP variability is independently associated with total and cardiovascular mortality in patients with hypertension.
Published: 2020

50. Risk prediction with office and ambulatory blood pressure using artificial intelligence

Author: Ernest Vinyoles, José L. Ayala, Lucas Lauder, Luis M. Ruilope, Alejandro de la Sierra, Manuel Gorostidi, Julian Segura, Felix Mahfoud, Gema Ruiz-Hurtado, Pedro Guimarães, José R. Banegas, Andreas Keller, and Michael Böhm
Subjects: Ambulatory blood pressure, Work (electrical), Computer science, Raw data, Data science
Abstract: BackgroundTo develop and validate a novel, machine learning-derived model for prediction of cardiovascular (CV) mortality risk using office (OBP) and ambulatory blood pressure (ABP), to compare its performance with existing risk scores, and to assess the possibility of predicting ABP phenotypes (i.e. white-coat, ambulatory and masked hypertension) utilizing clinical variables.MethodsUsing data from 63,910 patients enrolled in the Spanish ABP monitoring registry, machine-learning approaches (logistic regression, support vector machine, gradient boosted decision trees, and deep neural networks) and stepwise forward feature selection were used for the classification of the data.ResultsOver a median follow-up of 4.7 years, 3,808 deaths occurred from which 1,295 were from CV causes. The performance for all tested classifiers increased while adding up to 10 features and converged thereafter. For the prediction of CV mortality, deep neural networks yielded the highest clinical performance. The novel mortality prediction models using OBP (CV-MortalityOBP) and ABP (CV-MortalityABP) outperformed all other risk scores. The area under the curve (AUC) achieved by the novel approach, using OBP variables only, was already significantly higher when compared with the AUC of Framingham score (0.685 vs 0.659, p = 1.97×10−22), the SCORE (0.679 vs 0.613, p = 6.21×10−22), and ASCVD (0.722 vs 0.639, p = 8.03×10−30) risk score. However, prediction of CV mortality with ABP instead of OBP data led to a significant increase in AUC (0.781 vs 0.752, p = 1.73×10−42), accuracy, balanced accuracy and sensitivity. The sensitivity and specificity for detection of ambulatory, masked, and white-coat hypertension ranged between 0.653-0.661 and 0.573-0.651, respectively.ConclusionWe developed a novel risk calculator for CV death using artificial intelligence based on a large cohort of patients included in the Spanish ABP monitoring registry. The receiver operating characteristic curves for CV-MortalityOBP and CV-MortalityABP with deep neural networks models outperformed all other risk metrics. Prediction of CV mortality using ABP data led to a significant increase in performance metrics. The prediction of ambulatory phenotypes using clinical characteristics, including OBP, was limited.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Publication Type

Journal

Database

Publisher

463 results on '"José R Banegas"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources