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Las metodologías de ADN ambiental o eDNA permiten la detección del ADN presente en el ambiente y posibilitan la identificación y clasificación de las especies presentes en el medio sin necesidad de avistarlas ni capturarlas. De esta forma, permiten trabajar con especies poco abundantes, esquivas y/o en peligro de extinción de una manera eficaz, segura y no invasiva. Por ello, se muestran como una opción muy prometedora para el estudio y monitoreo de las comunidades de anfibios, ya que la probabilidad de detección de algunas especies mediante métodos tradicionales de muestreo puede ser baja y varía dependiendo de las condiciones ambientales. Sin embargo, la técnica aún plantea varios retos, siendo esencial optimizar los procedimientos y ajustarlos a cada tipo de estudio y objetivos perseguidos. Aquí, se presentan los resultados preliminares de la puesta a punto de una metodología metabarcoding basada en el análisis de eDNA para monitorizar las comunidades de anfibios en la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco (CAPV). El protocolo de muestreo diseñado y la metodología metabarcoding propuesta, basada en una región del gen 12S mitocondrial, se ha empleado en 60 masas de agua de Álava y dos de Navarra. El locus seleccionado ha mostrado ser adecuado para distinguir las especies de anfibios presentes en el área de estudio. Además, se han obtenido resultados para 38 humedales, mostrando que la metodología tiene potencial para la detección de anfibios y permitiendo identificar los procedimientos a mejorar para optimizar la metodología. Se demuestra, por tanto, que los estudios de eDNA son una metodología prometedora para la monitorización de las comunidades de anfibios.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the innovative scenario in Portugal, assess the patterns of goods and service change in the past decade and evaluate several essential characteristics from innovation and its relevant aspects. Design/methodology/approach This research is a case study with secondary data obtained from the Community Innovation Survey (CIS) in which it is applied to the constant comparative method of data analysis proposed by Spiggle (1994). Findings The innovation of products and services in Portugal increased over the entire period analyzed although not linear, the financing programs contributed to the recovery and growth of innovation and small companies presented the most significant increase in product innovation. Research limitations/implications This investigation has limitations related to the data collected because the secondary data analyzed generalize the indicators and make it impossible to comprehend each aspect analyzed in this study in detail. This study also pointed out that Portuguese small- and medium-sized enterprises are more easily able to innovate in times of difficulty when compared to large companies. However, it is necessary to understand this phenomenon and present elements that can support or refute this discovery. Practical implications This paper offers a broad view of product and service innovation in Portugal for companies, entrepreneurs, universities and researchers, in addition to facilitating the creation and structuring of policies, research and financing that can develop innovation processes. Social implications By presenting a macro view of product and service innovation, this paper may facilitate the creation of incentives for innovation in Portugal and, consequently, to improve economic and development indicators. Originality/value This paper is unique in showing the patterns of innovation in the product and service in Portugal over almost a decade and in demonstrating important indicators that can be used in future research.

This study revises the taxonomy and species limits of Chondrina taxa living in the Cantabrian mountain region of N Spain, based mainly on molecular data but supplemented with morphological data. On...

Due to the growing field of management innovation, there is a need to synthesise and reflect on the existing literature, inventory the work done and identify new courses and challenges. To reconcile prior research, scientific publications, intellectual structure and trends related to the research on management innovation were mapped; namely the research lines, their interrelation, evolution, and their fundamental contributions. To provide an overview, was conducted a systematic literature review, based on 206 articles, with bibliometric methods. The intellectual structure on the research on management innovation is divided into theoretical fundamentals, domain formation, and the emerging field. The evolution and the future research directions of the management innovation field in focus areas and key developments were also described. This study contributes to the management innovation research in three ways. First, to the understanding of the intellectual structure of the research field. Second, in an emerging topic, such as the management innovation, which is influenced by the work of authors from various disciplines, it is essential to periodically review its course’s evolution. Third, the analysis of documents’ co-citation patterns demonstrates the construction of this field in a specific period.

In the Central Atlantic archipelagos – the Canaries, Cape Verde, Madeira and the Azores – tsunami hazard is often regarded as low, when compared with other extreme wave events such as hurricanes and storms. The geological record of many of these islands, however, suggests that tsunami hazard may be underestimated, notwithstanding being lower than in areas adjacent to subduction zones, such as the margins of the Pacific and Indian oceans. Moreover, tsunamis in oceanic islands are generally triggered by local large-scale volcanic flank collapses, for which little is known about their frequency, making it difficult to estimate the probability of a new occurrence. Part of the problem lies in the fact that tsunami deposits are usually difficult to date, and few islands in the world exhibit evidence for repeated tsunami inundation on a protracted timescale. This study reports on the presence of abundant tsunami deposits (conglomerates and sandstones) on Maio Island (Cape Verde) and discusses their stratigraphy, sedimentological characteristics, probable age and tsunamigenic source. Observations indicate that four distinct inundation events of variable magnitude took place during the Pleistocene. One of the tsunami deposits yielded a high-confidence U/Th age of 78.8 +- 0.9 ka, which overlaps within error with the 73 +- 7 ka age proposed for Fogo volcano’s flank collapse, an event known to have had a significant tsunami impact on nearby Santiago Island. This shows that the Fogo tsunami also impacted Maio, resulting in runups in excess of 60 m above coeval sea-level at ca 120 km from the source. Two older deposits, possibly linked to recurrent flank collapses of the Tope de Coroa volcano in Santo Antão Island, yielded lower-confidence ages of 479 to 390 ka and 360 to 304 ka. A younger deposit (

Entrepreneurship promotes job creation, increase of competitiveness and new forms of economic development and growth of countries or regions. The research aims to understand how it has influenced the intention and entrepreneurial skills of the trainees of the project Apreender 3.0. It is important to examine how various factors, including entrepreneurship education, family background, prior experience/vocational training and propensity to take the risks, will condition the entrepreneurial intention of the respondents of this study. Based on these variables, we formulated four hypotheses. For this empirical analysis of research hypotheses, we used primary data in a form of a sample of 150 responses, collected through the online survey application. We opted for the method of the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), also called Common Factor Analysis (CFA), which can provide important information on the multivariate structure of this study, identifying the theoretical constructs. The obtained results allowed us to conclude that the entrepreneurship education and propensity to take risks influence positively the entrepreneurial intention. As for the factors of family background and prior experience/ vocational training, the research did not provide satisfactory results that would allow us to confirm their influence on the entrepreneurial intention. © Ramos D., Madeira M. J., Duarte F. A. P. Text. 2020. The article has been prepared with the support of NECE-UBI and National Funds provided by FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology through the project UID/GES/04630/2013.

Agricultural expansion and intensification are having a huge impact on plant and arthropod diversity and abundance, affecting food availability for farmland birds. Difficult food access, in turn, can lead to immunosuppression and a higher incidence of parasites. In the studies designed to examine changes in the diet of birds and their parasites, metabarcoding is proving particularly useful. This technique requires mini-barcodes capable of amplifying the DNA of target organisms from fecal environmental DNA. To help to understand the impact of agricultural expansion on biodiversity, this study sought to design and identify mini-barcodes that might simultaneously assess diet and intestinal parasites from the feces of farmland birds. The capacity to identify diet and parasites of 2 existing and 3 newly developed mini-barcodes was tested "in silico" in relation to the behavior of a reference eukaryotic barcode. Among the newly designed mini-barcodes, MiniB18S_81 showed the higher taxonomic coverage of eukaryotic taxa and a greater amplification and identification capacity for diet and parasite taxa. Moreover, when it was tested on fecal samples from 5 different steppe bird species, MiniB18S_81 showed high taxonomic resolution of the most relevant diet and parasite phyla, Arthropoda, Nematoda, Platyhelminthes, and Apicomplexa at the order level. Thus, the mini-barcode developed emerges as an excellent tool to simultaneously provide detailed information regarding the diet and parasites of birds, essential for conservation and management.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of R&D investment as a determinant of ongoing or abandoned innovation activities. The literature review focuses especially small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that deploy R&D investment as a way of developing innovation processes. Design/methodology/approach This study’s design used a sample of 4,229 Portuguese SMEs to analyse the effects R&D investment has on the innovation activities; the results obtained demonstrate the great importance of firms investing in R&D internal activities for the development of their innovation process. Findings The most important findings highlight the types of activities that emerge as relevant to innovation processes susceptible for development to avoid abandoning and maintaining ongoing innovation activities. Among them, the authors would highlight the design of products or services, the introduction of innovations to the market and the acquisition of machinery, equipment and specific software, among others. Originality/value In addition, other types of activities emerge as relevant to innovation processes susceptible for development to avoid abandoning and maintaining ongoing innovation activities. This research adds value to the current literature mainly showing several determinants related to R&D, which could be used by SMEs to improve and develop their activities of innovation.

Knowledge of feeding ecology of declining species, such as farmland birds, is essential to address their conservation requirements, especially when their habitats are suffering important reductions of trophic resources. In this study, we apply a metabarcoding approach to describe the diet composition of six of the most significant farmland birds inhabiting European cereal pseudo-steppes: little bustard, great bustard, pin-tailed sandgrouse, black-bellied sandgrouse, red-legged partridge, and common quail. We further studied seasonal diet variations (autumn to spring) in all species but the common quail, whose diet was studied during spring and summer. We show that study species´ diets mostly consisted of plants, although in the case of little bustard and great bustard arthropods are also highly relevant. Among arthropods, we found high proportions of thrips, arachnids, and springtails, which were previously unreported in their diet, and some taxa that could be used as antiparasitic food. Moreover, we report that little bustard’s diet is the least rich of that of all studied species, and that diet of all these species is less diverse in winter than in autumn and spring. Diet composition of these declining species supports the importance of natural and semi-natural vegetation and landscape mosaics that can provide a wide variety of arthropods, plants, and seeds all year-round., This paper contributes to the REGRESSEDS project (CGL2016-75278-R funded by MINECO, Spain). This study is also a contribution to project Sistemática, Biogeografía, Ecología del comportamiento y Evolución (IT1163-19) funded by Basque Country Government. Additional funds for this study were provided by the projects 201630E096 funded by CSIC (recipient BA) and AGROPERDIZ (SBPLY/17/180501/ 000245) funded by the “Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha” and “Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional” (recipient FM & BA). Xabier Cabodevilla was supported by a Ph.D. grant, financed by the Basque Country Government (grant no. PRE_2018_2_0273).

We present a tribute to Georg Friedrich Karl Hartung (1821–1891), a less-known non-academic German geologist, on his 200th anniversary. Influenced by eminent 19th century scientific personalities such as Oswald Heer, Charles Lyell, and Alexander von Humboldt, he performed pioneer geological observations and sampling in the Azores, Madeira, and Canaries volcanic archipelagos. Later in his life he travelled to the USA and explored the Scandinavian countries. His scientific endeavours were published in several books and papers, many of them co-authored by academic German geologists and palaeontologists. His works on the macaronesian islands are deemed as classics, many enriched by his own detailed geological illustrations.

Plants on oceanic islands can evolve insular syndromes such as secondary woodiness, a generalized trend found in island floras worldwide. This phenomenon occurs through evolution in situ. It is triggered by ecological and physiological stimuli that transform herbaceous annuals into woody perennials. However, well-dated and informative fossils that could help track and frame the evolution of this syndrome are lacking. Remarkably, in Madeira Island (Portugal), there are good examples of Apiaceae that evolved secondary woodiness, like the giant neoendemic Melanoselinum (≡ Daucus). Apiaceae has a very scarce fossil record, despite being a cosmopolitan family and an economically important crop. Here we describe the oldest Daucus s.l. fossil known to date and the first fossil evidence of a plant with insular woodiness. The fossils are preserved as mummified/compressed mericarps within 1.3-million-year-old fluvio-lacustrine sediments of the Funchal unit, Upper Volcanic complex, near Porto da Cruz. We assign them to the extant neoendemic species Melanoselinum (≡ Daucus) decipiens. The mericarp morphology shows remarkable stasis since the Calabrian stage of the Early Pleistocene. Our results demonstrate that in the Madeiran Daucinae clade, insular woodiness developed at least 1.3 million years ago, indicating a coeval or earlier immigration to Madeira Island of a Daucus sp. Our results reinforce the role of palaeobotanical research in oceanic islands, supported by stratigraphy and geochronology studies, as a key element for the understanding of plant palaeobiogeography, ecology and evolution worldwide. We expect this contribution to shed light on the evolutionary origins of carrots, and related plant groups, an important element of human food, and to better comprehend the evolution of plant insular woodiness.

Terceira Island (Azores archipelago, central Atlantic Ocean) presents a unique but poorly studied Quaternary palaeobotanical record. Among the sites referenced in the literature, Fanal Bay, within Angra do Heroismo city, is known at least since the 1940s. Field prospection in the summer of 2016 revealed two layers of leaf fossils with an unexpected fossil abundance. The preliminary results showed that these represented autochthonous or para-autochthonous (T0) fossil assemblages, preserved by the emplacement of ash or lapilli layers by volcanic events, in a leaf litter of a laurel palaeoforest. Unfortunately, in 2018, the site was destroyed due to development works to consolidate and requalify the Fanal Bay cliff from further sea erosion. This prevented a detailed study and the ex situ preservation of an important palaeontological site, within the Azores UNESCO Global Geopark. With this work, we hope to call the attention to the need of implementing geoconservation strategies in order to prevent the destruction of important geoheritage within the Azores Islands and to transpose this warning to other geoconservationists in oceanic islands worldwide.

To accurately delimit species the use of multiple character types is essential as all speciation processes are not equally reflected in different data (e.g. morphological, molecular or ecological characters). With the introduction of geometric morphometrics methods and advances in 3D technology, a comprehensive combination of molecular and morphological data has been enabled in groups where exhaustively quantifying and measuring morphological shape change was not possible before such as gastropod shells. In this study, we combined multilocus coalescent species delimitation methods with 3D geometric morphometrics of shell shape to delimit species within the land snail genus Pyrenaearia. A new taxonomic scheme was constructed for the genus identifying ten species. Two nominal species were synonymized and a hitherto unrecognized cryptic species was identified. Our findings support the importance of combining multiple lines of evidence as molecular and morphological data on their own do not yield the same information. Further, the integration of morphological and molecular data shows the importance of allometry in shell shape and suggests a combined effect of population history and selection in different environments on shells morphological variation. Our new taxonomy and phylogenetic reconstruction suggest that, besides the glacial cycles of the Pleistocene, passive dispersal and rock substrate complexity could also have been involved in the speciation of the genus.

Evidence for frequent, large landslides on the flanks of the volcanic edifices forming the Canary Islands include outstanding landslide scars and their correlative submarine and subaerial rock and debris avalanche deposits. These landslides involved volumes ranging from tens to hundreds of km3. The sudden entry of large volumes of rock masses in the sea may have triggered tsunamis capable of affecting the source and neighboring islands, with the resulting huge waves dragging coastal and seabed materials and fauna and redepositing them inland. Here, we present new geological evidence and geochronological data of at least five megatsunamis in Tenerife, Lanzarote, and Gran Canaria, triggered by island flank megalandslides, and occasionally explosive eruptions, during the last 1 million years. The exceptional preservation of the megatsunami deposits and the large area they cover, particularly in Tenerife, provide fundamental data on the number of tsunami events and run-ups, and allow proposals on the sources and age of the tsunamis. Tsunami run-up heights up to 290 m above coeval sea level, some of the highest known on Earth in recent geological times, were estimated based on sedimentological, geomorphological, paleontological, and geochronological data. The research results made it possible to estimate the recurrence of tsunamis in the archipelago during the last hundreds of thousands of years, and to establish relationships between tsunami deposits and the probable triggering island flank landslides.

Entrepreneurship and innovation are positively related (Zhao 2005; Kyvik 2018; Sant et al [...]

Agriculture expansion and intensification are having a huge impact on plant and arthropod diversity and abundance, affecting food availability for farmland birds. Difficult food access, in turn, can lead to immunosuppression and a higher incidence of parasites. In studies designed to examine changes in the diet of birds and their parasites, metabarcoding is proving particularly useful. This technique requires mini-barcodes capable of amplifying the DNA of target organisms from faecal eDNA. To help understand the impact of agricultural expansion, this study sought to design and identify mini-barcodes that might simultaneously assess diet and intestinal parasites from the faeces of farmland birds. The capacity to identify diet and parasites of two existing and three developed mini-barcodes was tested “in silico” in relation to the behaviour of a reference eukaryotic primer set. Of the mini-barcodes tested, MiniB18S_81, one of our designs, showed the higher taxonomic coverage of eukaryotic taxa and a greater amplification and identification capacity for diet and parasite taxa sequences. This primer pair was tested on faeces samples from five different steppe bird species. According to our data, this barcode shows good taxonomic resolution of the most relevant diet and parasite phyla, Arthropoda, Nematoda, Platyhelminthes and Apicomplexa, at the order level. The mini-barcode developed emerges as an excellent tool to simultaneously provide detailed information regarding the diet and parasitology of birds, essential for conservation and management.

The world-wide study of the geological record of the Last Interglacial is key to reconstruct the climatic and oceanographic conditions during that time interval. Here we present preliminary results of a comprehensive field analysis of one of the most extensive and least studied Quaternary fossiliferous sequences in Cabo Verde attributed to the Last Interglacial. It is located at Nossa Senhora da Luz, which is a protected inlet at the SE coast of Santiago Island. The studied sequence shows a set of transitions between fluvial and marine environments, and emersion and immersion events within a confined, highly protected bay environment. The presence, in the upper part of the sequence, of a thick layer of very fine-branched rhodoliths indicates particular ecological conditions within this bay (e.g., shallow and turbidity free waters, stable environmental conditions and/or fast growth) that are absent today and presumably played an important role for the presence of particular invertebrate species during that time. The presence of tidal specimens of the clam Senilia senilis in life position at an altitude of ~12m above sea-level allowed a re-interpretation of relative sea-level changes, suggesting that the uplift trend of Santiago Island for the Last Interglacial period onwards (3m/100ky) is possibly 70% lower than previously calculated (10m/100ky). Fossils include five phyla, with molluscs being the most diverse and abundant. Despite the abundance of some species (e.g., the bivalves Saccostrea cuccullata, S. senilis, and Aequipecten opercularis, and the gastropods Persististrombus latus and Thais nodosa), the general biodiversity is low. The presence of S. cuccullata and S. senilis, absent from extant Cabo Verdean faunas, indicates a more humid climate, unlike the dry climate found today. Some horizons are intensively bioturbated with the crustacean burrow Thalassinoides suevicus. Our new data agree with the hypothesised palaeoclimatic framework of more wet conditions than today for the Last Interglacial in the archipelago.Keywords: Eemian, Cabo Verde Archipelago, sheltered bay, Senilia senilis, volcanic oceanic islands, NE AtlanticAcknowledgmentsC.S.M. and A.C.R. acknowledge, respectively, his PhD grant M3.1.a/F/100/2015 from FRCT/Açores 2020 and her Post-Doc grant SFRH/BPD/117810/2016 by FCT. R.R. and S.Á. acknowledges his IF/01641/2015 and IF/ 00465/2015 grants funded by FCT. A.R. and M.R. were supported by the by DFG grant RA1597/3-1. This work was supported by FCT project PTDC/CTA-GEO/28588/2017 and LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-028588 UNTIeD and DRCT 2019-2022 – ACORES-01-0145_FEDER-000078 – VRPROTO.

The last eruption on Fogo Island (Cape Verde Archipelago) occurred in 2014-2015, with mostly hawaiian and strombolian but sometimes vulcanian activity, with variable emission rates of lava flows, pyroclasts and gases (SO2 and CO2). Some lava flows, mainly from the first stage of the eruption enclosed small granular ultramafic nodules (1-3cm), with angular to rounded shapes. The host rocks are porphyritic tephrites, with Ti-augite and Ti-magnetite phenocrysts and, sometimes, amphibole xenocrysts in a brown glassy matrix including laths of plagioclase, clinopyroxene and Ti-mgnetite.The nodules are composed of an early crystallization phase olivine, in subheuedral crystals devoid of kink-bands or in rounded crystals enclosed in clinopyroxene oikocrysts. Clinopyroxene occurs in subeuhedral to anhedral zoned crystals, sometimes partially patchy replaced by late igneous amphibole which also occurs as primary crystals as well as in some xenocrysts. In both cases they frequently show reaction rims with transformation in rhonite, most probably resulting from degassing. Oxide minerals are present as a minor component occurring in sub-euhedral to anhedral crystals as inclusions in olivine and clinopyroxene or interstitially between silicate minerals.The typical cumulus textures, and the mineral chemistry already obtained for the ultramafic nodules from the 2014 eruption at Fogo strongly suggest that they have a cumulate origin and are cognate with the host magmas. Indeed, the similar composition of Ti- augites from the nodules and phenocrysts (Wo49-51 En42-36 Fs12-10), as well as the olivine Fo contents and high CaO contents in olivine are explained by crystal segregation from the same magma of the host rock.Geothermobarometric calculations point to crystallization temperatures for the cumulates between 1150 and 1200 ºC and pressures around 7- 10 kbar, while phenocrysts in host rocks crystallized at around 1000 ºC, and pressures of 3-4. These data confirm the existence of a polybaric plumbing system feeding the 2014-15 Fogo eruption, with some of the reservoirs having developed at mantle depths (at least 22 km). This research received financial support from FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia) through project FIRE (PTDC/GEO-GEO/1123/2014).

Supratidal talus-platforms are low-relief subaerial accumulations of debris produced by mass wasting along high coastal cliffs, being particularly abundant at reefless volcanic islands subjected to high wave energy. Known as “fajãs” across the Portuguese-speaking Atlantic archipelagos, these coastal features, on rare occasions, may exhibit lagoons, constituting sites of high geological, biological, landscape, and social value. Whilst the origin of fajãs is firmly established as being the product of coastal landslides, little is known about the processes that shape fajãs with lagoons. In particular, doubts still remain concerning whether fajãs featuring lagoons are a fortuitous product of mass wasting, or result from marine reworking (by waves and currents) after emplacement. On October 30, 2012, a coastal landslide (~0.001 km3) occurred on Corvo Island, Azores Archipelago, forming a nearshore gravel islet that later migrated to the island's coast, resulting in a fajã with an ephemeral lagoon (Fajã dos Milagres). This event provided a unique opportunity to study the generation and development of fajãs with lagoons, and therefore a 3-year survey was carried out to record its evolution. This GIS-based study used aerial oblique photography and satellite optical imagery, complemented with a land survey for a more precise topographic reconstruction. Analysis of data concerning bathymetry, precipitation, and wave regime was also employed to investigate the driving forces behind the morphodynamic evolution of the deposit. “Fajã dos Milagres” evolved very rapidly, through an evolutionary pattern with five main stages: 1) “islet stage”; 2) “gravel spit stage”; 3) “early lagoon stage”; 4) “mature lagoon stage”; and 5) “fajã (without lagoon) stage”. Our reconstructions show that, for fajãs with lagoons to be formed, several factors should converge: a) presence of high coastal cliffs, made up of composite volcanic sequences, capable of producing large landslides that supply sufficient mobile sediment to the shelf; b) presence of a shallow, wide insular shelf where the sediments can be transported without significant loss to the submarine slopes; and c) a wave-dominated, high-energy regime, capable of significant cross-shore and longshore sediment drift. These observations allowed us to propose a preliminary conceptual evolutionary model for the generation of fajãs with lagoons, where marine reworking plays a fundamental role. Finally, this study documents the generation and very rapid subsequent evolution of a clastic coastal morphology solely driven by the action of waves and currents, and without interference from relative sea level and/or external sediment replenishment, with possible implications to other settings.

One of the most remarkable natural events on Earth are the large lateral flank collapses of oceanic volcanoes, involving volumes of rock exceeding tens of km3. These collapses are relatively frequent in recent geological times as supported by evidence found in the geomorphology of volcanic island edifices and associated debris flows deposited on the proximal ocean floor. The Island of Fogo in the Cape Verde archipelago is one of the most active and prominent oceanic volcanoes on Earth. The island has an average diameter of 25 km and reaches a maximum elevation of 2829 m above sea level (m a.s.l.) at Pico do Fogo, a young stratovolcano located within a summit depression open eastward due to a large lateral flank collapse. The sudden collapse of the eastern flank of Fogo Island produced a megatsunami ~73 ky ago. The limits of the flank collapse were deduced as well from geomorphologic markers within the island. The headwall of the collapse scar is interpreted as either being located beneath the post-collapse volcanic infill of the summit depression or located further west, corresponding to the Bordeira wall that partially surrounds it. The magnetotelluric (MT) method provides a depth distribution of the ground resistivity obtained by the simultaneous measurement of the natural variations of the electric and magnetic field of the Earth. Two N-S magnetotelluric profiles were acquired across the collapsed area to determine its geometry and boundaries. The acquired MT data allowed the determination of the limits of the collapsed area more accurately as well as its morphology at depth and thickness of the post-collapse infill. According to the newly obtained MT data and the bathymetry of the eastern submarine flank of Fogo, the volume involved in the flank collapse is estimated in ~110 km3. This volume –the first calculated onshore– stands between the previously published more conservative and excessive calculations –offshore– that were exclusively based in geomorphic evidence. The model for the summit depression proposing two caldera collapses preceding the collapse of the eastern flank of Fogo is supported by the MT data.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:50:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-04-15 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The Cretaceous trachydacites and dacites of Chapecó type (ATC) and dacites and rhyolites of Palmas type (ATP) make up 2.5% of the ~ 800.000 km3 of volcanic pile in the Paraná Magmatic Province (PMP), emplaced at the onset of Gondwana breakup. Together they cover extensive areas in southern Brazil, overlapping volcanic sequences of tholeiitic basalts and andesites; occasional mafic units are also found within the silicic sequence. In the central region of the PMP silicic volcanism comprises porphyritic ATC-type, trachydacite high-grade ignimbrites (strongly welded) overlying aphyric ATP-type, rhyolite high- to extremely high-grade ignimbrites (strongly welded to lava-like). In the southwestern region strongly welded to lava-like high-grade ignimbrites overlie ATP lava domes, while in the southeast lava domes are found intercalated within the ignimbrite sequence. Characteristics of these ignimbrites are: widespread sheet-like deposits (tens to hundreds of km across); absence of basal breccias and basal fallout layers; ubiquitous horizontal to sub-horizontal sheet jointing; massive, structureless to horizontally banded-laminated rock bodies locally presenting flow folding; thoroughly homogeneous vitrophyres or with flow banding-lamination; phenocryst abundance presenting upward and lateral decrease; welded glass blobs in an ‘eutaxitic’-like texture; negligible phenocryst breakage; vitroclastic texture locally preserved; scarcity of lithic fragments. These features, combined with high eruption temperatures (≥ 1000 °C), low water content (≤ 2%) and low viscosities (104–7 Pa s) suggest that the eruptions were characterized by low fountaining, little heat loss during collapse, and high mass fluxes producing extensive deposits. Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Faculdade de Ciências and Instituto Dom Luiz Universidade de Lisboa Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) CAPES: PDSE-2998/13-0 CNPq: 484657/2011-9

Plant fossils are known from the Azores Islands, yet poorly studied. We present a comprehensive bibliographical review for the archipelago. A first pre-scientific reference dates from late fifteenth century, while the first scientific description was reported in 1821, accounting for trunks in pyroclastic units and silicified plants within hydrothermal deposits. Throughout the second-half of the nineteenth century and the first-half of the twentieth century, prospection by naturalists and geological mapping work, led to the discovery and description of plant fossils in most islands. From the 1970s onwards, the taxonomic interest ceased, and plant fossils were used mainly for 14C dating. Recently, sediment cores from lakes and peatlands were used for palaeoecological reconstructions and to measure anthropogenic impacts. Generally, plant fossils are younger than 50 ka, although older fossils may exist. Azorean plant fossils include somatofossils of leaves, stems, logs and seeds preserved as impressions, compressions, adpressions, permineralizations, lava tree casts and mummifications. The taphonomy of macrofloral elements is usually related to explosive volcanic activity, while palynological record is associated with lake sediments and peat bogs. The persistence in palaeobotanical and palaeopalynological studies will decisively contribute to disentangle the paleodiversity, palaeoecology, and add crucial information on insular plant phylogeny and biogeography

This study focuses on municipal management through information and communication technology in Smart City modeling. It presents a model for management of a Smart City with information technology resources to demonstrate the process of structuring integrated systems, analyze the benefits that this will bring by modeling local government activities, and introduce innovative measures for local government restructuring. It applies the simulated case study method and related procedures in a qualitative research approach, based on creativity and innovation. It reports the process of structuring integrated systems and analyses the benefits of a model of a Smart City. The Smart City will make the living conditions of the population much more pleasant and will reduce budgetary costs by deploying smart services. Eco-innovation, as set out in the Oslo Manual, extends to public businesses and is confirmed by the organizational innovation of civic processes. The solution in todayrsquo;s conditions is to manage cities using information technology and communication, where millions of citizens may enjoy the maximum benefit of a project of this kind. This study providing a framework for a smart city about its technology, innovation, and public affairs.

Extrusive carbonatite ash tuff (Tantum) and spatter (Monte Miranda) deposits, and topsoils (incipient and shallow) from both sites of Brava Island (Cape Verde archipelago) were studied by neutron activation analysis, X-ray diffraction and Mossbauer spectroscopy. The ash tuff deposit near Tantum, here reported for the first time, corresponds to an extrusive calciocarbonatite with high W, Th, U and REE contents and a positive Eu anomaly. Similar REE patterns and W concentrations were also found in the spatter deposit of Monte Miranda. Magnetite is the major iron containing phase in both extrusive carbonatite deposits. High W and REE concentrations associated with the presence of calcite prevail in topsoils with extrusive carbonatite influence. In the topsoil developed on extrusive carbonatite ashes, magnetite is well preserved particularly in the coarser fractions probably due to the recent age of the parent material associated with the semi-arid climate of the island; a significant chemical heterogeneity of the whole samples as well as of the different size fractions of these topsoils was found, with an enrichment of Co, Zn, Ga, As, Br, Rb, Ce, and particularly Sb and W in the clay-size fraction, which may be relevant for the study of environmental health issues in Brava Island.

Management strategies have been guided by the organization of entities in response to environmental variables and share the same conditions as the business process in which they exist. Special attention should be given to green marketing as a strategic alternative in achieving organizational sustainability. This research was based on the Contingency Theory, and finds that organizational variables are interrelated in a complex way with external environmental conditions, maintain interchange with them. The research entailed meeting three specific objectives: (1) identifying the environmental variables that influence the decision in Green Marketing; (2) evaluating the perception by social actors of environmental variables; and (3) analyzing the trend in performance by means of the Green Marketing tool. The methodology used was to simulate a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory case study, applying several procedures, with the support of a focus group, so as to produce constructs that would support objective deductions. The variables, competitors, economic, legal and regulatory, socio-environmental and technological variables involved in the marketing mix were identified. The perception of the social actors about the variables was evaluated, reinforcing their importance in the strategic decision making process. Analyzing the applicability of green marketing is a management strategy that confers competitive advantage to achieve organizational sustainability. This study helps those interested in business strategy, since its elements make it possible to construct a tool that can be used by modern organizations with an environmental commitment. It is hoped that this will be a collaborative product to offer to managers concerned with organizational sustainability.

Resumo: Este trabalho aborda sobre a potabilidade da água consumida por uma municipalidade situada na Amazônia Brasileira. Procurou-se conhecer a satisfação da população local sob a ótica das Teorias Institucional e do Ecodesenvolvimento, a partir do Método do Estudo de Caso, de natureza quali-quantitativa e descritiva. O Objetivo geral é estudar a relação socioambiental com foco na qualidade da água ofertada à população; e tem como objetivos específicos levantar informações de natureza socioambiental relacionadas à água ofertada à população, interpretar os principais parâmetros de aceitabilidade relacionados à qualidade da água, e analisar a satisfação percebida do usuário em face da qualidade dos serviços de abastecimento. Como resultado indica-se que a maioria dos respondentes da consulta se declaraparcialmente satisfeita com a qualidade da água,revelando a preferência pelo consumo de água mineral comercializada, que consideram mais benéfica à sua saúde do que a água encanada que ofertam pelo sistema de distribuição. Levantamento documental aponta que a água fornecida à população não atende aos principais parâmetros de potabilidade, mas a falta de conhecimento e de cidadania dos residentes impedem os indivíduos de interpretar a realidade dos fatos. Este trabalho interessa a gestores socioambientais, administradores, políticos e demais estudiosos em temáticas afins. Abstract: This work deals with the potability of water consumed by a municipality located in the Brazilian Amazon. It was sought to know the satisfaction of the local population from the perspective of Institutional Theories and Ecodevelopment, based on the Method of the Case Study, qualitative and descriptive. The general objective is to study the socio-environmental relationship with a focus on the water quality offered to the population; as specific objectives to collect socio-environmental information related to the water offered to the population, to interpret the main acceptability parameters related to water quality, and to analyze the user's perceived satisfaction with the quality of the supply services. Thus, it is indicated that most the respondents of the consultation declare themselves partially satisfied with the quality of the water, revealing the preference for the consumption of commercialized mineral water, which they consider to be more beneficial to their health than the running water offered by the distribution system. Documentary survey indicates that the water provided to the population does not meet the main parameters of potability, but the lack of knowledge and citizenship of the residents prevent individuals from interpreting the reality of the facts. This work interest socioenvironmental managers, administrators, politicians, and other scholars in related topics.

The Late Triassic-Early Jurassic volcanic sequence of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) of Morocco is classically subdivided into four stratigraphic units: the Lower, Middle, Upper and Recurrent Formations separated by intercalated sediments deposited during short hiatuses in volcanic activity. Although corresponding to a Large Igneous Province formed in continental environment, it contains subaqueous lava flows, including dominant pillowed flows but also occasional sheet flows. We present a study of the morphology, structure and morphometry of subaqueous lava flows from three sections located at the Marrakech High-Atlas (regions of Ait-Ourir, Jbel Imzar and Oued Lhar-Herissane), as well as an analysis of the sediments, in order to characterize them and to understand their environmental meaning. The analysis of clays by the diffraction method X-ray revealed the presence of illite, mica, phengite, celadonite, talc and small amounts of quartz, hematite, calcite and feldspar, as well as two pairs of interbedded irregular (chlorite Smectite/chlorite-Mica). Fibrous minerals such as sepiolite and palygorskite were not detected. The peperite of Herissane region (Central High Atlas) provided an excellent overview on the factors favoring the magma-sediment interaction. These are the products of a mixture of unconsolidated or poorly consolidated sediments, low permeability with a low viscosity magma. The attempt of dating palynology proved unfortunately without results.

The occurrence of plant fossils on Madeira Island has been known since the mid-nineteenth century. Charles Lyell and George Hartung discovered a leaf bed rich in Lauraceae and fern fossils at Sao Jorge in 1854. The determinations were controversial but a full review was never performed. Here we propose possible geological settings for the fossiliferous outcrop, and present an inventory and a systematic review of the surviving specimens of the Sao Jorge macroflora. The Sao Jorge leaf bed no longer outcrops due to a landslide in 1865. It was possible to establish the two alternative volcano-stratigraphical settings in the sedimentary intercalations from the Middle Volcanic Complex, ranging in age from 7 to 1.8 Ma. The descriptions of Heer (1857), Bunbury (1859) and Hartung & Mayer (1864) are reviewed based on 82 surviving specimens. From the initial 37 taxa, we recognize only 20: Osmunda sp., Pteridium aquilinum, Asplenium cf. onopteris, aff. Asplenium, cf. Polystichum, cf. Davallia, Woodwardia radicans, Fi...

The aim of this paper is to better understand whether cooperation, absorptive capacity and public financial support for innovation activities, how they influence the innovative performance of Portuguese enterprise. The literature review focuses the importance of these three factors both drivers as the limiters process of business innovation, influencing the innovative performance of enterprise. Based on a review of the literature, hypotheses are formulated, which are tested with secondary data resources from the Community Innovation Survey 2010. This questionnaire was implemented under the supervision of EUROSTAT. The method used is the logistic regression model. The results obtained confirm that the implementation of cooperation with partners belonging to internal sources of business has a significant influence on the innovations achieved at the level of both products and processes. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Este trabalho trata sobre a inovação com foco na estratégica competitiva para a produção de peixes em cativeiro na Amazônica. O pressuposto está no eixo da análise sistêmica de contingências visando à redução de custos operacionais e ganho de competitividade. Tem base na Teoria Contingencial segundo a perspectiva de Joan Woodward. A problematização é: como se caracteriza a inovação com sustentabilidade para a excelência competitiva da piscicultura Amazônica? Empregou-se Método de Estudo de Caso, com abordagem quali-quantitativa; envolveu consulta a especialistas e grupo focal. Como resultado concluiu-se que a inovação caracterizase pelo rompimento da tradição que perpetua práticas improdutivas ou de alto impacto. Recomenda-se que esses idealizadores sejam internalizados nas políticas dos órgãos de fomento. Este estudo servirá para reflexão entre os interessados na elaboração de políticas públicas para o desenvolvimento local integrado e gestores que pretendem formular estratégias competitivas na piscicultura sustentável.

The best preserved and most complete lava flow sequences of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) in Morocco are exposed in the Central High Atlas and can reach up to 300 m in thickness. Four distinct formations, emplaced in subaerial environments, are classically recognized: the Lower, Intermediate, Upper and Recurrent formations. These formations are separated by paleosoils and sedimentary sequences (mudstones, siltstones, sandstones, limestones), that are in general less than two meter-thick and may exceptionally reach a thickness of 80 m, representing minor periods of volcanic quiescence. CAMP lava flows of the Central High Atlas can be grouped into two main categories: subaerial compound pahoehoe flows and simple flows. The former type is exclusively confined to the Lower and Intermediate Formations, while simple flows occur in the Upper and Recurrent Formations. The dominance of compound flows in the two lowermost units of the CAMP suggests a slow emplacement during successive sustained eruptive episodes. Instead the thick single flows characterizing the Upper and Recurrent units indicate higher effusive rates. Basaltic pillow lavas (always of short lateral extent: 10 to 100 m), showing radial jointing and vitreous rinds, identical to those found in the Western Meseta, are occasionally associated with hyaloclastites in the base of the Intermediate Formation, immediately above clastic sediments, or in the Upper Formation. The occurrence of pillow lavas does not imply a generalized subaqueous environment at the time of the lava emission. Instead, they represent subaerial flows that entered small lakes occupying depressions on the volcanic topography of the Lower and Intermediate Formations. The short lateral extent of the pillow lavas and their constant stratigraphic position, the existence of lava flows with unequivocal subaerial characteristics associated to sediments containing fossilized wood, clearly indicate onshore emplacement.

In oceanic islands, well age-constrained deposits containing arthropod somatofossils (body fossils) are rare. However, when available, these are important for providing empirical and independent minimum ages for molecular phylogenetic dating and complementary data on taxonomy, evolution and palaeobiogeography information of the biological groups found as fossils. This is especially important for taxa that speciated within oceanic islands, many becoming single island endemics (SIE). Recently, associated with a 1.3 Ma (Calabrian) fluvial and lacustrine sedimentary deposit from Porto da Cruz in Madeira Island (Fig. 1), a wing, putatively identified as Hymenoptera, was found. Here we describe this wing fossil as belonging to Ichneumonidae, a group with ca. 30% of SIE in Madeira Island. Moreover, this is the first somatofossil of ichneumonid parasitic wasps found in Madeira Island and in Macaronesian islands (i.e. Azores, Madeira, Canaries and Cabo Verde). Since the 19th century, oceanic island attracted several naturalists due to the high probability of finding taxonomical novelties (e.g. Vieira, 2005). Darwin (1859) amplified this interest, as oceanic islands biota presented a central role to explain evolution. Today oceanic islands became the ideal locations to study evolution, biogeography and ecology (e.g. Whittaker et al., 2017). Madeira Island (Central Atlantic Ocean; Fig. 1), geologically a shield volcano of 7 Ma (Ramalho et al., 2015 and references therein), is considered an insect diversity hotspot where 3019 species and subspecies are known, of which 665 are SIE (Borges et al., 2008). This diversity is most probably explained by stepping-stone through palaeo-Macaronesian islands and isolation (Triantis et al., 2010; Fernández-Palacios et al., 2011). Palaeoentomological records are rare in Madeira. The only known record is from the Mio-Pleistocene deposit of São Jorge (see Góis-Marques et al., 2018), where Heer (1857) described an extinct coleopteran, Laparocerus wollastoni, based on fossilized elytra. Machado (2006) in a taxonomic review of Laparocerus considers this taxon as nomen dubium, due to the missing holotype and the impossibility of reapraising its taxonomy. On other Macaronesian archipelagos, especially in the Canaries Islands, several deposits with insect ichnofossils have been described (e.g. Edwards & Meco, 2000; Meco et al., 2011; La Roche et al., 2014). In Azores only xylophagous ichnoentomological traces in charcoal wood are known (Góis-Marques et al., 2019b). The fossil wing was found within laminated lacustrine fine sandstone, associated with plant fossils. The sediments are constrained by two 40Ar-39Ar dates to 1.3 Ma, Calabrian stage (Góis-Marques et al., 2019a). Fossils are kept in the palaeobotanical collection at the Madeira University herbarium (UMad-P) with the numbers UMad-P500a (part) and UMad-P500b (counter-part). The wing fossil was studied under a stereo microscope, and its identification was performed through several sources (e.g. Goulet & Huber, 1993) and specific guidebooks (Prehn & Raper, 2016). Wing description follows the Comstock-Needham system as described by Quicke (2015)

Pliocene body fossils from Santa Maria Island, Azores, have been studied for decades, but only more recently have ichnofossils received their due attention. Calcareous Pliocene deposits from the Baia de Nossa Senhora section contain numerous, diverse, well-preserved natural casts of invertebrate borings. The study of this type of fossils adds to knowledge on the dispersal of benthic faunas across oceans to volcanic oceanic islands. The borings belong to seven ichnogenera and twenty-two ichnotaxa at the ichnospecies level with more than half pertaining to Entobia, which is produced by clionaid sponges. Other borings found were produced by bivalves (Gastrochaenolites), polychaete worms (Caulostrepsis and Maeandropolydora), sipunculid worms (Trypanites), phoronid worms (Talpina) and ctenostome bryozoans (Iramena). The occurrence, ichnogeny, distribution and preservational state of the borings suggest that the bearing bioclasts have been exposed for several years on the sea floor. The borings derive from different bathymetric zones on the shelf, and their formation took place during several bioerosional phases. The association of borings belongs to the Entobia ichnofacies, which is typical of carbonate rocky shores, and shows close similarity to those described from the Paratethys, Mediterranean and partly the eastern Atlantic regions. This fits the idea that most of the Neogene shallow-water marine fauna in the Azores is biogeographically related to the eastern Atlantic shores.

This paper presents, as its overall objective, an analysis of the epistemological nature of isomorphism in the generation of innovation. To obtain the results in this study, the specific aims are as follows: (1) to raise the theoretical-conceptual basis of isomorphism in the innovation process, with regard to design; (2) to characterize the concepts inherent in the relationship of the innovation process to organizational isomorphism; and (3) to analyze the impact of isomorphism from the perspective of institutional theory. The content analysis method was used for this research, with the support of procedures for design planning. It was preceded by Internet research, bibliographical research in published books and articles, discussion, reflection, preparatory analysis and valid criticism. The results suggest that isomorphism is a common procedure for managers in organizations which seek to copy the structures or actions to obtain greater visibility and competitiveness in a specific organizational field. However, innovation is a prominent feature by which to create distinctiveness in a competitive market; it is an excellent way of changing the organizational process. Regarding the paper’s theoretical contribution, it exposes the conceptual proposals of several selected authors, focusing on creative modeling for new solutions through design planning; diagrams, charts, and other suitable elements are included. Given the relevance and coverage of its theme, it is aimed at researchers and others who study innovation.

Aim Our aim was to assess the evolutionary history of the land snail genus Xerocrassa on the Balearic Islands with a molecular phylogeny. We investigated how the main palaeogeographical events and climate changes which occurred in the Western Mediterranean basin influenced the current diversity and distribution of the genus within the archipelago. Location The Balearic Islands, Western Mediterranean. Methods A dataset of 2540-bp DNA sequences was generated from one nuclear and two mitochondrial gene fragments obtained from 170 specimens representing 112 populations. Applying maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic methods and a Bayesian molecular clock, we examined the evolutionary history of the genus Xerocrassa. We also used genetic-based species delimitation models to clarify the taxonomy of the genus in the archipelago. Results We provide the first molecular phylogeny of the endemic Xerocrassa of the Balearic Islands. The monophyly of several currently recognized species was not supported. The genus colonized the archipelago in a single event during the Messinian salinity crisis (5.96–5.33 Ma) from the eastern part of the Iberian Peninsula. The hypothesis of a relatively recent origin for the evolutionary diversification within the group was supported by molecular clock analyses. Allopatric speciation occurred after the isolation of the Pityusic and Gymnesic island systems. Moreover, most of the extant species are the result of within-island speciation events. Main conclusions Historical biogeographical reconstruction strongly supports the hypothesis of Messinian salinity crisis as the colonization period of the Balearic Islands for Xerocrassa. Major climate changes experienced in the Western Mediterranean basin during the Plio-Pleistocene influenced the within-island speciation processes postulated for Xerocrassa. The high morphological diversity in the genus represents 11 species and a strong phylogeographical structure within the main islands.