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The Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS) on board Mars Express has been sampling the topside ionosphere of Mars since mid-2005. The analysis of the main reflection (nadir) of the ionosphere through the ionograms provided by the MARSIS instrument is typically performed manually due to the high noise level in the lower frequencies. This task, which involves pattern recognition, turns out to be unfeasible for the >2 million ionograms available at the European Planetary Science Archive. In the present contribution, we propose a modular architecture based on serverless computing (a paradigm that stands on the cloud) for optimal processing of these ionograms. In particular, we apply serverless computing to detect oblique echoes in the ionosphere, which are nonnadir reflections produced when MARSIS is sounding regions above or nearby crustal magnetic fields, where the ionosphere loses the spherical symmetry. Oblique echoes are typically observed at similar frequencies to the nadir reflections but at different times delays, sometimes even overlaying the nadir reflection. Oblique echoes are difficult to analyze with the standard technique due to their nonconstant and highly variable appearance, but they harbor essential information on the state of the ionosphere over magnetized regions. In this work we compare the proposed serverless architecture with two local alternatives while processing a representative data subset and finally provide a study by means of cost and performance.

TRP channels are important pharmacological targets in physiopathology. TRPV2 plays distinct roles in cardiac and neuromuscular function, immunity, and metabolism, and is associated with pathologies like muscular dystrophy and cancer. However, TRPV2 pharmacology is unspecific and scarce at best. Using in silico similarity-based chemoinformatics we obtained a set of 270 potential hits for TRPV2 categorized into families based on chemical nature and similarity. Docking the compounds on available rat TRPV2 structures allowed the clustering of drug families in specific ligand binding sites. Starting from a probenecid docking pose in the piperlongumine binding site and using a Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics approach we have assigned a putative probenecid binding site. In parallel, we measured the EC50 of 7 probenecid derivatives on TRPV2 expressed in Pichia pastoris using a novel medium-throughput Ca2+ influx assay in yeast membranes together with an unbiased and unsupervised data analysis method. We found that 4-(piperidine-1-sulfonyl)-benzoic acid had a better EC50 than probenecid, which is one of the most specific TRPV2 agonists to date. Exploring the TRPV2-dependent anti-hypertensive potential in vivo, we found that 4-(piperidine-1-sulfonyl)-benzoic acid shows a sex-biased vasodilator effect producing larger vascular relaxations in female mice. Overall, this study expands the pharmacological toolbox for TRPV2, a widely expressed membrane protein and orphan drug target.

Image segmentation is a fundamental process in image processing, aiming to transform the image into a more comprehensible or simplified representation. This process groups pixels under common characteristics, facilitating the unique identification of regions or elements of interest. The quality of segmentation is crucial as it significantly influences the subsequent stages of image processing. Image segmentation plays a vital role in various advanced applications, including computer vision and the analysis of medical, topographical, and astronomical images. Given that there is no universal segmentation method guaranteeing optimal performance for all cases, selecting an appropriate technique for a specific type of image or application represents a complex and demanding challenge. In this work, we propose the use of Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms (MOEAs) as a training tool that integrates operations representative of the usual techniques and strategies in image segmentation. This allows for the generation of operation sequences adapted to specific applications or types of images. The objective functions used to guide the evolutionary process are the maximization of sensitivity (TPR) and specificity (TNR), fundamental components of ROC analysis. Experiments were conducted with multiple images sharing common characteristics from image databases, specifically: i ) benign and malignant melanoma images, ii ) ophthalmoscopic retinal images, and iii ) binary cell form images. We compared the segmentation generated by our proposed algorithm with the ideal segmentation. The results are quite promising and demonstrate the feasibility of using MOEAs to generate sequences of segmentation operations valid for specific applications.

Abstract Objective To determine the effectiveness of a double-check protocol using Point-of-Care Ultrasound in the management of patients diagnosed with Acute Heart Failure in an Emergency Department. Method Prospective analytical cross-sectional observational study with patients diagnosed with Acute Heart Failure by the outgoing medical team, who undergo multi-organ ultrasound evaluation including cardiac, pulmonary, and inferior vena cava ultrasound. Results 96 patients were included. An alternative diagnosis was found in 33% of them. Among the 77% where AHF diagnosis was confirmed, 73.4% had an underlying cause or condition not previously known (Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction less than 40% or moderate-severe valvulopathy). The introduction of the protocol had a clinically relevant impact on 47% of all included patients. Conclusions The implementation of a double-check protocol using POCUS, including cardiac, pulmonary, and inferior vena cava assessment in patients diagnosed with Acute Heart Failure, demonstrates a high utility in ensuring accurate diagnosis and proper classification of these patients.

This paper introduces a novel approach for encoding information in PDF documents or similar files. The proposed encoding involves a dual-step method: firstly, the information is encoded in base64, and subsequently, it is uploaded in a user-selected color, while the rest of the colors contain dummy information. Merging of the encoded segments results in a single QR code. The Literature Review subsection investigates the usage of similar methods for information encoding, followed by a comparison of the luminance of the generated QR code with theoretical expectations. Finally, diverse use cases are presented.The proposed methodology is presented: • Compare the results obtained from the theorical approximation with those acquired in the merged QR code. • Use cases: encoding text sample to obtain a counterfeit system. • Results, contributions, and future work.

Abstract Remote sensing technologies are experiencing a surge in adoption for monitoring Earth’s environment, demanding more efficient and scalable methods for image analysis. This paper presents a new approach for the Emirates Mars Mission (Hope probe); A serverless computing architecture designed to analyze images of Martian auroras, a key aspect in understanding the Martian atmosphere. Harnessing the power of OpenCV and machine learning algorithms, our architecture offers image classification, object detection, and segmentation in a swift and cost-effective manner. Leveraging the scalability and elasticity of cloud computing, this innovative system is capable of managing high volumes of image data, adapting to fluctuating workloads. This technology, applied to the study of Martian auroras within the HOPE Mission, not only solves a complex problem but also paves the way for future applications in the broad field of remote sensing.

Este trabajo analiza fuentes documentales sobre los antecedentes formales del concepto de desarrollo sostenible propuesto por Naciones Unidas en el documento “Nuestro Futuro Común” o Informe Brundtland y su evolución hasta los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio (ODMs), Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODSs) y Objetivos del Buen Vivir Global (OBVs) para establecer una cronología de eventos relevantes y determinantes de las políticas y actuaciones actualmente llevadas a cabo, así como disponer de un marco referencial adecuado para futuras investigaciones en esta materia. El análisis de la información recopilada indica que los antecedentes formales del concepto se remontan a 1965, coincidiendo con el establecimiento del Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD) al fusionarse los preexistentes Programa Ampliado de Asistencia Técnica de 1949) y Fondo Especial (de 1958). Después, la primera utilización formal del término tuvo lugar en un documento oficial de 1969 promovido por la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (UICN). La exposición cronológica de acontecimientos relevantes pone de manifiesto el liderazgo de Naciones Unidas, sus agencias o departamentos en este campo –antes y después de aparecer el concepto–, junto al papel también relevante de otras organizaciones, en particular diferentes instancias europeas.

Abstract New information on the intensive care applications of new generation ‘high-density data clinical information systems’ (HDDCIS) is increasingly being published in the academic literature. HDDCIS avoid data loss from bedside equipment and some provide vital signs statistical calculations to promote quick and easy evaluation of patient information. Our objective was to study whether manual records of continuously monitored vital signs in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit could be replaced by these statistical calculations. Here we conducted a prospective observational clinical study in paediatric patients with severe diabetic ketoacidosis, using a Medlinecare® HDDCIS, which collects information from bedside equipment (1 data point per parameter, every 3–5 s) and automatically provides hourly statistical calculations of the central trend and sample dispersion. These calculations were compared with manual hourly nursing records for patient heart and respiratory rates and oxygen saturation. The central tendency calculations showed identical or remarkably similar values and strong correlations with manual nursing records. The sample dispersion calculations differed from the manual references and showed weaker correlations. We concluded that vital signs calculations of central tendency can replace manual records, thereby reducing the bureaucratic burden of staff. The significant sample dispersion calculations variability revealed that automatic random measurements must be supervised by healthcare personnel, making them inefficient.

Abstract Cell‐cell communication within the complex tumour microenvironment is critical to cancer progression. Tumor‐derived extracellular vesicles (TD‐EVs) are key players in this process. They can interact with immune cells and modulate their activity, either suppressing or activating the immune system. Deciphering the interactions between TD‐EVs and immune cells is essential to understand immune modulation by cancer cells. Fluorescent labelling of TD‐EVs is a method of choice to study such interaction. This work aims to determine the impact of EV labelling methods on the detection by imaging flow cytometry and multicolour spectral flow cytometry of EV interaction and capture by the different immune cell types within human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs). EVs released by the triple‐negative breast carcinoma cell line MDA‐MB‐231 were labelled either with the lipophilic dye MemGlow‐488 (MG‐488), Carboxyfluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester (CFDA‐SE) or through ectopic expression of a MyrPalm‐superFolderGFP reporter (mp‐sfGFP), which incorporates into EVs during their biogenesis. Our results show that these labelling strategies, although analysed with the same techniques, led to diverging results. While MG‐488‐labelled EVs incorporate in all cell types, CFSE‐labelled EVs are restricted to a minor subset of cells and mp‐sfGFP‐labelled EVs are mainly detected in CD14+ monocytes which are the main uptakers of EVs and other particles, regardless of the labelling method. Furthermore, our results show that the method used for EV labelling influences the detection of the different types of EV interactions with the recipient cells. Specifically, MG‐488, CFSE and mp‐sfGFP result in observation suggesting, respectively, transient EV‐PM interaction that results in dye transfer, EV content delivery, and capture of intact EVs. Consequently, the type of EV labelling method has to be considered as they can provide complementary information on various types of EV‐cell interaction and EV fate.

El Horst Brandstätter Group es una compañía líder y con amplia trayectoria en la industria del juguete, cuyos productos más conocidos se comercializan con la marca PLAYMOBIL® . La sostenibilidad es uno de los principios que caracterizan un modelo de negocio centrado en conocer y satisfacer al consumidor mediante una constante innovación. Entre las acciones que ponen de manifiesto ese compromiso con la sostenibilidad se encuentra el lanzamiento en 2022 de la línea de productos PLAYMOBIL® Wiltopia, a partir de materiales reciclados, que combinan el juego y la diversión con el aprendizaje sobre el cuidado de los animales, la naturaleza y el medio ambiente. El presente caso descriptivo de estudio tiene por objeto mostrar cómo este tipo de actuaciones (la introducción de las nuevas referencias, que tienen mucha aceptación y ya han sido premiadas), son ejemplo de cómo modificar una cartera de productos para hacerla más sostenible, a la vez que una demostración de cómo puede mantenerse (o mejorarse) la calidad a un precio similar, difundiendo así el mensaje de que la sostenibilidad no tiene por qué ser más cara o, de serlo, que las empresas comprometidas pueden asumir el sobrecoste asociado.

Toxoplasmosis chorioretinitis is commonly diagnosed by an ophthalmologist through the evaluation of the fundus images of a patient. Early detection of these lesions may help to prevent blindness. In this article we present a data set of fundus images labeled into three categories: healthy eye, inactive and active chorioretinitis. The dataset was developed by three ophthalmologists with expertise in toxoplasmosis detection using fundus images. The dataset will be of great use to researchers working on ophthalmic image analysis using artificial intelligence techniques for the automatic detection of toxoplasmosis chorioretinitis.

Research work on the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and financial performance has been going on for seven decades. Even when the prevailing studies are those that found a positive influence of social responsibility on financial performance, strong conclusive results are still unavailable. Some explanations for this situation are based, among other reasons, on the fact that the variables have a relation mediated by multiple factors. Additionally, it is still unknown whether the results obtained can be extrapolated to all types of companies since the majority of studies have focused on large companies listed on the stock exchange. This research studied how one of those factors (stakeholder satisfaction) mediated in companies of different sizes (including SMEs) and different types of companies (publicly listed companies or private ownership companies). A questionnaire was used, including indices relative to (1) the degree of development of the company’s social responsibility policies, (2) the changes in the satisfaction of four key stakeholders (employees, customers, suppliers, and shareholders) and financial performance (sales and profitability). Findings show the existence of a correlation between social responsibility and financial performance and also that such a relationship is mediated by the satisfaction of stakeholders. That relationship was also found to be independent of company sizes and the type of company This research work is intended to be a contribution towards that field of study, as it has detected a relationship between variables in medium-sized and private ownership companies.

Highlights - About one third of the patients who undergo a thrombectomy for acute stroke experience headache directly related to the procedure. - Having a previous history of primary headache is associated with the presence of headache after thrombectomy. - Headache related to thrombectomy usually coincides with the distribution of the affected artery, although it is bilateral in 45% of the cases, mostly oppressive, of an average duration between 1 and 2 days and of a moderate intensity.

IntroductionElevated pulse pressure (ePP) is an independent marker of cardiovascular risk (CVR) in people older than 60, and a functional marker of subclinical target organ damage (sTOD) which can predict cardiovascular events in patients with hypertension (HTN), regardless of sTOD.ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of ePP in adult population seen in primary care and its association with other vascular risk factors, sTOD and with cardiovascular disease (CVD).Materials and methodsObservational multicentre study conducted in Spain (8,066 patients, 54.5% women) from the prospective cohort study IBERICAN recruited in Primary Care. Pulse pressure (PP) was defined as the difference between the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥60 mmHg. Adjusted (for age and sex) ePP prevalence were determined. Bivariate and multivariate analyses of the possible variables associated with ePP were carried out.ResultsThe mean of PP was 52.35 mmHg, and was significantly higher (p

El gran progreso y evolución que ha experimentado la industria de palma aceitera es un hecho que ha llevado a este sector a posicionarse como uno de los cultivos más utilizados e importantes a escala mundial. La expansión de estos cultivos ha provocado un cambio significativo en los terrenos cultivados impactando tanto negativa como positivamente en la biodiversidad, los ecosistemas y las comunidades que los habitan. Para evitar deforestaciones, pérdidas de fauna y flora y otros problemas sociales y económicos, han surgido asociaciones que permiten obtener aceite de palma de forma sostenible, sin embargo, su conocimiento por parte de la sociedad es, en general, bastante limitado. En esta línea, el presente trabajo de investigación se lleva a cabo un estudio exploratorio sobre el nivel de conocimiento que tiene el consumidor sobre el aceite de palma sostenible.

Editorial

Editorial

BackgroundBreast cancer has positioned itself worldwide as one of the main public health problems, especially in Latin America. In some countries, several programs for the prevention and control of breast cancer in women have been developed and implemented on a permanent basis, but there are no public reports on the policies that originated such programs. ObjectiveA scoping review of scientific publications that identify the type, extent, and scope of policies and programs for the prevention and control of breast cancer in Latin American women was performed, and the main results were presented in this paper. MethodsThis scoping review was carried out according to the method by Arksey and O’Malley based on 3 fundamental questions about breast cancer prevention and control policies in Latin America: their type, extent and scope, and reference framework. The search period was from 2000 to 2019, and the search was carried out in the following databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), MEDLINE (EbscoHost), CINAHL (EbscoHost), Academic Search Complete (EbscoHost), ISI Web of Science (Science Citation Index), and Scopus in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, and Scielo, Cochrane, and MEDES-MEDicina in Spanish and Portuguese. Of the 743 studies found, 20 (2.7%) were selected, which were analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis. ResultsThe selected studies identified several Latin American countries that have generated policies and programs to prevent and control breast cancer in women, focusing mainly on risk communication, prevention and timely detection, effective access to health services, improvement of the screening process, and evaluation of screening programs. Evaluation criteria and greater participation of civil society in policy design and program execution are still lacking. This could undoubtedly help eliminate existing barriers to effective action. ConclusionsAlthough several Latin American countries have generated public policies and action programs for the prevention and control of breast cancer, a pending issue is the evaluation of the results to analyze the effectiveness and impact of their implementation given the magnitude of the public health problem it represents and because women and civil society play an important role in its prevention and control. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.2196/12624