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This study explores the evolving role of social media in the spread of misinformation during the Ukraine-Russia conflict, with a focus on how artificial intelligence (AI) contributes to the creation of deceptive war imagery. Specifically, the research examines the relationship between color patterns (LUTs) in war-related visuals and their perceived authenticity, highlighting the economic, political, and social ramifications of such manipulative practices. AI technologies have significantly advanced the production of highly convincing, yet artificial, war imagery, blurring the line between fact and fiction. An experimental project is proposed to train a generative AI model capable of creating war imagery that mimics real-life footage. By analyzing the success of this experiment, the study aims to establish a link between specific color patterns and the likelihood of images being perceived as authentic. This could shed light on the mechanics of visual misinformation and manipulation. Additionally, the research investigates the potential of a serverless AI framework to advance both the generation and detection of fake news, marking a pivotal step in the fight against digital misinformation. Ultimately, the study seeks to contribute to ongoing debates on the ethical implications of AI in information manipulation and to propose strategies to combat these challenges in the digital era.

La controversia sobre la consideración de los ítems-Likert medidos en escala ordinal o de intervalo dentro de los cuestionarios, así como la construcción de una escala-Likert mediante agregación de estos ítems, sigue enfrentando a los investigadores. Técnicas de análisis de datos multidimensionales como el análisis de correspondencias múltiples (ACM) y el análisis de componentes principales (ACP) obtienen estructuras dependiendo de la naturaleza de los datos, mientras que el análisis factorial múltiple dual (AFMD) permite construir configuraciones comparables para cada grupo de una muestra. En este trabajo, se estudian los diferentes estilos de aprendizaje (EA) mediante un cuestionario. El objetivo radica en mostrar configuraciones multidimensionales estables con estas técnicas, compartiendo una estructura común que relaciona los estilos colaborativo, dependiente y participativo. Se evidencia que estos estilos se contraponen al elusivo. Igualmente, se obtienen algunas diferencias multidimensionales por sexo, considerado como variable ilustrativa (ACM y ACP) y también de forma activa (AFMD).

This article presents 582 bone scan images from 291 adult patients who attended the Nuclear Medicine Service at the Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (IICS) of the Universidad Nacional de Asunción (UNA), Paraguay, between 2020 and 2024. The images were acquired using trimodal SPECT-CT-PET equipment, model AnyScan SCP, and the MEDISO brand. Approximately 20 mCi of technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) was administered to each patient, producing whole-body planar images in anterior and posterior projections of the axial and appendicular skeleton with a resolution of 256 × 1024 pixels. The images were labeled according to the final diagnosis by a nuclear physician, covering conditions ranging from joint lesions to bone metastases. This dataset will be helpful for researchers working on bone scan image analysis using artificial intelligence techniques to classify bone metastases.

Image segmentation is a fundamental process in image processing, aiming to transform the image into a more comprehensible or simplified representation. This process groups pixels under common characteristics, facilitating the unique identification of regions or elements of interest. The quality of segmentation is crucial as it significantly influences the subsequent stages of image processing. Image segmentation plays a vital role in various advanced applications, including computer vision and the analysis of medical, topographical, and astronomical images. Given that there is no universal segmentation method guaranteeing optimal performance for all cases, selecting an appropriate technique for a specific type of image or application represents a complex and demanding challenge. In this work, we propose the use of Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms (MOEAs) as a training tool that integrates operations representative of the usual techniques and strategies in image segmentation. This allows for the generation of operation sequences adapted to specific applications or types of images. The objective functions used to guide the evolutionary process are the maximization of sensitivity (TPR) and specificity (TNR), fundamental components of ROC analysis. Experiments were conducted with multiple images sharing common characteristics from image databases, specifically: i ) benign and malignant melanoma images, ii ) ophthalmoscopic retinal images, and iii ) binary cell form images. We compared the segmentation generated by our proposed algorithm with the ideal segmentation. The results are quite promising and demonstrate the feasibility of using MOEAs to generate sequences of segmentation operations valid for specific applications.

Abstract Objective To determine the effectiveness of a double-check protocol using Point-of-Care Ultrasound in the management of patients diagnosed with Acute Heart Failure in an Emergency Department. Method Prospective analytical cross-sectional observational study with patients diagnosed with Acute Heart Failure by the outgoing medical team, who undergo multi-organ ultrasound evaluation including cardiac, pulmonary, and inferior vena cava ultrasound. Results 96 patients were included. An alternative diagnosis was found in 33% of them. Among the 77% where AHF diagnosis was confirmed, 73.4% had an underlying cause or condition not previously known (Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction less than 40% or moderate-severe valvulopathy). The introduction of the protocol had a clinically relevant impact on 47% of all included patients. Conclusions The implementation of a double-check protocol using POCUS, including cardiac, pulmonary, and inferior vena cava assessment in patients diagnosed with Acute Heart Failure, demonstrates a high utility in ensuring accurate diagnosis and proper classification of these patients.

Abstract Remote sensing technologies are experiencing a surge in adoption for monitoring Earth’s environment, demanding more efficient and scalable methods for image analysis. This paper presents a new approach for the Emirates Mars Mission (Hope probe); A serverless computing architecture designed to analyze images of Martian auroras, a key aspect in understanding the Martian atmosphere. Harnessing the power of OpenCV and machine learning algorithms, our architecture offers image classification, object detection, and segmentation in a swift and cost-effective manner. Leveraging the scalability and elasticity of cloud computing, this innovative system is capable of managing high volumes of image data, adapting to fluctuating workloads. This technology, applied to the study of Martian auroras within the HOPE Mission, not only solves a complex problem but also paves the way for future applications in the broad field of remote sensing.

This paper introduces a novel approach for encoding information in PDF documents or similar files. The proposed encoding involves a dual-step method: firstly, the information is encoded in base64, and subsequently, it is uploaded in a user-selected color, while the rest of the colors contain dummy information. Merging of the encoded segments results in a single QR code. The Literature Review subsection investigates the usage of similar methods for information encoding, followed by a comparison of the luminance of the generated QR code with theoretical expectations. Finally, diverse use cases are presented.The proposed methodology is presented: • Compare the results obtained from the theorical approximation with those acquired in the merged QR code. • Use cases: encoding text sample to obtain a counterfeit system. • Results, contributions, and future work.

Este trabajo analiza fuentes documentales sobre los antecedentes formales del concepto de desarrollo sostenible propuesto por Naciones Unidas en el documento “Nuestro Futuro Común” o Informe Brundtland y su evolución hasta los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio (ODMs), Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODSs) y Objetivos del Buen Vivir Global (OBVs) para establecer una cronología de eventos relevantes y determinantes de las políticas y actuaciones actualmente llevadas a cabo, así como disponer de un marco referencial adecuado para futuras investigaciones en esta materia. El análisis de la información recopilada indica que los antecedentes formales del concepto se remontan a 1965, coincidiendo con el establecimiento del Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD) al fusionarse los preexistentes Programa Ampliado de Asistencia Técnica de 1949) y Fondo Especial (de 1958). Después, la primera utilización formal del término tuvo lugar en un documento oficial de 1969 promovido por la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (UICN). La exposición cronológica de acontecimientos relevantes pone de manifiesto el liderazgo de Naciones Unidas, sus agencias o departamentos en este campo –antes y después de aparecer el concepto–, junto al papel también relevante de otras organizaciones, en particular diferentes instancias europeas.

Abstract New information on the intensive care applications of new generation ‘high-density data clinical information systems’ (HDDCIS) is increasingly being published in the academic literature. HDDCIS avoid data loss from bedside equipment and some provide vital signs statistical calculations to promote quick and easy evaluation of patient information. Our objective was to study whether manual records of continuously monitored vital signs in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit could be replaced by these statistical calculations. Here we conducted a prospective observational clinical study in paediatric patients with severe diabetic ketoacidosis, using a Medlinecare® HDDCIS, which collects information from bedside equipment (1 data point per parameter, every 3–5 s) and automatically provides hourly statistical calculations of the central trend and sample dispersion. These calculations were compared with manual hourly nursing records for patient heart and respiratory rates and oxygen saturation. The central tendency calculations showed identical or remarkably similar values and strong correlations with manual nursing records. The sample dispersion calculations differed from the manual references and showed weaker correlations. We concluded that vital signs calculations of central tendency can replace manual records, thereby reducing the bureaucratic burden of staff. The significant sample dispersion calculations variability revealed that automatic random measurements must be supervised by healthcare personnel, making them inefficient.

Abstract Cell‐cell communication within the complex tumour microenvironment is critical to cancer progression. Tumor‐derived extracellular vesicles (TD‐EVs) are key players in this process. They can interact with immune cells and modulate their activity, either suppressing or activating the immune system. Deciphering the interactions between TD‐EVs and immune cells is essential to understand immune modulation by cancer cells. Fluorescent labelling of TD‐EVs is a method of choice to study such interaction. This work aims to determine the impact of EV labelling methods on the detection by imaging flow cytometry and multicolour spectral flow cytometry of EV interaction and capture by the different immune cell types within human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs). EVs released by the triple‐negative breast carcinoma cell line MDA‐MB‐231 were labelled either with the lipophilic dye MemGlow‐488 (MG‐488), Carboxyfluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester (CFDA‐SE) or through ectopic expression of a MyrPalm‐superFolderGFP reporter (mp‐sfGFP), which incorporates into EVs during their biogenesis. Our results show that these labelling strategies, although analysed with the same techniques, led to diverging results. While MG‐488‐labelled EVs incorporate in all cell types, CFSE‐labelled EVs are restricted to a minor subset of cells and mp‐sfGFP‐labelled EVs are mainly detected in CD14+ monocytes which are the main uptakers of EVs and other particles, regardless of the labelling method. Furthermore, our results show that the method used for EV labelling influences the detection of the different types of EV interactions with the recipient cells. Specifically, MG‐488, CFSE and mp‐sfGFP result in observation suggesting, respectively, transient EV‐PM interaction that results in dye transfer, EV content delivery, and capture of intact EVs. Consequently, the type of EV labelling method has to be considered as they can provide complementary information on various types of EV‐cell interaction and EV fate.

El Horst Brandstätter Group es una compañía líder y con amplia trayectoria en la industria del juguete, cuyos productos más conocidos se comercializan con la marca PLAYMOBIL® . La sostenibilidad es uno de los principios que caracterizan un modelo de negocio centrado en conocer y satisfacer al consumidor mediante una constante innovación. Entre las acciones que ponen de manifiesto ese compromiso con la sostenibilidad se encuentra el lanzamiento en 2022 de la línea de productos PLAYMOBIL® Wiltopia, a partir de materiales reciclados, que combinan el juego y la diversión con el aprendizaje sobre el cuidado de los animales, la naturaleza y el medio ambiente. El presente caso descriptivo de estudio tiene por objeto mostrar cómo este tipo de actuaciones (la introducción de las nuevas referencias, que tienen mucha aceptación y ya han sido premiadas), son ejemplo de cómo modificar una cartera de productos para hacerla más sostenible, a la vez que una demostración de cómo puede mantenerse (o mejorarse) la calidad a un precio similar, difundiendo así el mensaje de que la sostenibilidad no tiene por qué ser más cara o, de serlo, que las empresas comprometidas pueden asumir el sobrecoste asociado.

Editorial

Toxoplasmosis chorioretinitis is commonly diagnosed by an ophthalmologist through the evaluation of the fundus images of a patient. Early detection of these lesions may help to prevent blindness. In this article we present a data set of fundus images labeled into three categories: healthy eye, inactive and active chorioretinitis. The dataset was developed by three ophthalmologists with expertise in toxoplasmosis detection using fundus images. The dataset will be of great use to researchers working on ophthalmic image analysis using artificial intelligence techniques for the automatic detection of toxoplasmosis chorioretinitis.

Highlights - About one third of the patients who undergo a thrombectomy for acute stroke experience headache directly related to the procedure. - Having a previous history of primary headache is associated with the presence of headache after thrombectomy. - Headache related to thrombectomy usually coincides with the distribution of the affected artery, although it is bilateral in 45% of the cases, mostly oppressive, of an average duration between 1 and 2 days and of a moderate intensity.

Research work on the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and financial performance has been going on for seven decades. Even when the prevailing studies are those that found a positive influence of social responsibility on financial performance, strong conclusive results are still unavailable. Some explanations for this situation are based, among other reasons, on the fact that the variables have a relation mediated by multiple factors. Additionally, it is still unknown whether the results obtained can be extrapolated to all types of companies since the majority of studies have focused on large companies listed on the stock exchange. This research studied how one of those factors (stakeholder satisfaction) mediated in companies of different sizes (including SMEs) and different types of companies (publicly listed companies or private ownership companies). A questionnaire was used, including indices relative to (1) the degree of development of the company’s social responsibility policies, (2) the changes in the satisfaction of four key stakeholders (employees, customers, suppliers, and shareholders) and financial performance (sales and profitability). Findings show the existence of a correlation between social responsibility and financial performance and also that such a relationship is mediated by the satisfaction of stakeholders. That relationship was also found to be independent of company sizes and the type of company This research work is intended to be a contribution towards that field of study, as it has detected a relationship between variables in medium-sized and private ownership companies.

El gran progreso y evolución que ha experimentado la industria de palma aceitera es un hecho que ha llevado a este sector a posicionarse como uno de los cultivos más utilizados e importantes a escala mundial. La expansión de estos cultivos ha provocado un cambio significativo en los terrenos cultivados impactando tanto negativa como positivamente en la biodiversidad, los ecosistemas y las comunidades que los habitan. Para evitar deforestaciones, pérdidas de fauna y flora y otros problemas sociales y económicos, han surgido asociaciones que permiten obtener aceite de palma de forma sostenible, sin embargo, su conocimiento por parte de la sociedad es, en general, bastante limitado. En esta línea, el presente trabajo de investigación se lleva a cabo un estudio exploratorio sobre el nivel de conocimiento que tiene el consumidor sobre el aceite de palma sostenible.

Editorial

In recent years, the use of Cloud infrastructures for data processing has proven useful, with a computing potential that is not affected by the limitations of a local infrastructure. In this context, Serverless computing is the fastest-growing Cloud service model due to its auto-scaling methodologies, reliability, and fault tolerance. We present a solution based on in-house Serverless infrastructure, which is able to perform large-scale RNA-seq data analysis focused on the mapping of sequencing reads to a reference genome. The main contribution was bringing the computation of genomic data into serverless computing, focusing on RNA-seq read-mapping to a reference genome, as this is the most time-consuming task for some pipelines. The proposed solution handles massive parallel instances to maximize the efficiency in terms of running time. We evaluated the performance of our solution by performing two main tests, both based on the mapping of RNA-seq reads to Human GRCh38. Our experiments demonstrated a reduction of 79.838%, 90.079%, and 96.382%, compared to the local environments with 16, 8, and 4 virtual cores, respectively. Furthermore, serverless limitations were investigated.

BackgroundBreast cancer has positioned itself worldwide as one of the main public health problems, especially in Latin America. In some countries, several programs for the prevention and control of breast cancer in women have been developed and implemented on a permanent basis, but there are no public reports on the policies that originated such programs. ObjectiveA scoping review of scientific publications that identify the type, extent, and scope of policies and programs for the prevention and control of breast cancer in Latin American women was performed, and the main results were presented in this paper. MethodsThis scoping review was carried out according to the method by Arksey and O’Malley based on 3 fundamental questions about breast cancer prevention and control policies in Latin America: their type, extent and scope, and reference framework. The search period was from 2000 to 2019, and the search was carried out in the following databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), MEDLINE (EbscoHost), CINAHL (EbscoHost), Academic Search Complete (EbscoHost), ISI Web of Science (Science Citation Index), and Scopus in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, and Scielo, Cochrane, and MEDES-MEDicina in Spanish and Portuguese. Of the 743 studies found, 20 (2.7%) were selected, which were analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis. ResultsThe selected studies identified several Latin American countries that have generated policies and programs to prevent and control breast cancer in women, focusing mainly on risk communication, prevention and timely detection, effective access to health services, improvement of the screening process, and evaluation of screening programs. Evaluation criteria and greater participation of civil society in policy design and program execution are still lacking. This could undoubtedly help eliminate existing barriers to effective action. ConclusionsAlthough several Latin American countries have generated public policies and action programs for the prevention and control of breast cancer, a pending issue is the evaluation of the results to analyze the effectiveness and impact of their implementation given the magnitude of the public health problem it represents and because women and civil society play an important role in its prevention and control. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.2196/12624

Gene targeting approaches have demonstrated the essential role for the malaria parasite of membrane transport proteins involved in lipid transport and in the maintenance of membrane lipid asymmetry, representing emerging oportunites for therapeutical intervention. This is the case of ATP2, a Plasmodium-encoded 4 P-type ATPase (P4-ATPase or lipid flippase), whose activity is completely irreplaceable during the asexual stages of the parasite. Moreover, a recent chemogenomic study has situated ATP2 as the possible target of two antimalarial drug candidates. In eukaryotes, P4-ATPases assure the asymmetric phospholipid distribution in membranes by translocating phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet. In this work, we have used a recombinantly-produced P. chabaudi ATP2 (PcATP2), to gain insights into the function and structural organization of this essential transporter. Our work demonstrates that PcATP2 associates with two of the three Plasmodium-encoded Cdc50 proteins: PcCdc50B and PcCdc50A. Purified PcATP2/PcCdc50B complex displays ATPase activity in the presence of either phosphatidylserine or phosphatidylethanolamine. In addition, this activity is upregulated by phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate. Overall, our work describes the first biochemical characterization of a Plasmodium lipid flippase, a first step towards the understanding of the essential physiological role of this transporter and towards its validation as a potential antimalarial drug target.

Objectives: To review, analyze, and present the available evidence on the usefulness of point-of-care pulmonary ultrasound in the diagnosis and monitoring of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), aiming to facilitate its potential inclusion into pediatric clinical reference guidelines. Source of data: A non-systematic research was carried out in the MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS, and SciELO databases, from January 1985 to September 2019. The articles that were considered the most relevant were selected. Synthesis of data: CAP is a relevant cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatrics and its clinical management remains a major challenge. The systematic use of chest X-ray for its diagnosis is controversial because it exposes the child to ionizing radiation and there are interobserver differences in its interpretation. Recently, the use of point-of-care pulmonary ultrasound by the pediatrician has been presented as an alternative for the diagnosis and monitoring of CAP. A great deal of evidence has disclosed its high sensitivity and diagnostic specificity, with the advantages of no ionizing radiation, relatively low cost, immediate results, portability, and the possibility of repetition according to the requirements of disease evolution. Moreover, its use can help rule out possible bacterial etiology and thus prevent inappropriate antibiotic treatments that favor bacterial resistance. Conclusions: Point-of-care ultrasonography represents an opportunity to improve the diagnosis and monitoring of CAP. However, as an operator-dependent technique, training is required for adequate image acquisition, correct interpretation, and integration with clinical data for correct decision-making.

El presente estudio aborda desde un punto de vista Constitucional la eficacia y validez que tiene el Acuerdo Ministerial 0069 en cuanto al procedimiento de clausura de los centros y establecimientos que dicho acuerdo enlista. El problema a analizar es la forma de clausura y la colocación de sellos a estos centros o establecimientos por infracciones administrativas. La metodología fue el método analítico, con la finalidad de analizar normas y principios jurídicos que se encuentren afectados con el problema; el método deductivo para realizar la descomposición teórica del problema; el método inductivo, se recurre a este para partir de lo particular evidenciando el problema procesal y al sector que afecta. Entre los resultados del presente estudio además de criterios de selectos tratadistas del derecho, se llegó al convencimiento de elaborar un procedimiento de clausura y colocación de sellos a los centros y establecimientos mencionados.

Se analizan las medidas cautelares de protección, como un elemento de garantía de los derechos humanos reconocidos en la Constitución Ecuatoriana. El estudio se basa en las características de las mismas, enfocando como tema las medidas cautelares en materia constitucional en el Ecuador. Se analiza la justificación de las medidas cautelares, vistas desde sus características, presentación, admisibilidad de la misma. En base a esto se establece como problemática la ineficaz protección de los derechos consagrados en la Constitución del Ecuador. El objetivo es analizar las medidas cautelares constitucionales en el Ecuador como mecanismo de protección eficaz e inmediata. La Metodología utilizada fue el análisis bibliográfico documental. Como conclusión se obtuvo que las medidas cautelares se encuentran bien fundamentadas desde las leyes que la cimientan, y que se da al juez la entera competencia de dictar sentencias basadas en este principio constitucional.

Se analizan los derechos del niño, el principio del interés superior del menor y su derecho a una vida digna, frente a la medida coercitiva de apremio personal contra el alimentante cuando incumple la cancelación de pensiones alimenticias. La Corte Constitucional del Ecuador mediante una sentencia modulativa reformo el texto del artículo 137 del Código Orgánico General de Procesos que regula el apremio personal en materia de alimentos, sin embargo, su interpretación no fue acorde a la normativa internacional y nacional. El objetivo es examinar la posibilidad de eliminación de la audiencia de formulación de pago determinada en el COGEP, a efectos de no vulnerar los derechos de los niños que perciben una pensión alimenticia. La metodología cualitativa, posibilitó la descripción de las cualidades de las variables de estudio. Se concluye que subsisten las vulneraciones a los alimentos del niño al no hacer efectivo sus derechos en forma oportuna.

This article is the result of the analysis of the protection action, based on the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador; Organic Law of Jurisdictional Guarantees and Constitutional Control; jurisprudence and precedents issued by the Constitutional Court of Ecuador and contemporary doctrinaires. To file a protection action, only the quality of citizen is required, therefore, it can be presented by any person at the time when their rights have been violated either by a public authority or by private persons. One of the peculiarities of this constitutional judicial process is that its character is not residual; Therefore, the objective of this work is to analyze the protection action as a mechanism to guarantee the fundamental rights of people in the Ecuadorian legal system, for which a qualitative approach based on the documentary bibliographic analysis was used.

En los procesos de nulidad de sentencia ejecutoriada en el Ecuador existen diversos criterios sobre la asistencia del juez como legitimo contradictor dentro del juicio de nulidad de sentencia. El objeto del presente artículo consiste en determinar que el juez no solo es quien dicta una sentencia sino también es un testigo de la decisión judicial, dicho de otra manera, la decisión judicial de la administrador de justicia resuelve la pretensión del actor en base a los hechos probados y conectados con la norma jurídica, es indispensable la presencia del juez ante los procesos de nulidad de sentencia para que respalde su decisión judicial, de otra manera se estaría vulnerando el derecho a la defensa del juzgador. La metodología que se utilizó para el desarrollo del artículo fue de tipo analítico-descriptivo, se compararon definiciones, normativas constitucionales e infra constitucionales, además de criterios de autores conocedores del tema.

Este análisis, hace referencia a la acción afirmativa conforme lo establece el artículo 11 numeral 2 inciso tercero de la Constitución de la República del Ecuador (2008) en su parte medular: “El Estado adoptará medidas de acción afirmativa que promuevan la igualdad real en favor de los titulares de derechos que se encuentren en situación de desigualdad” (p.22). Creando una crítica notable en los postulantes que desean ingresar al sector público, que a su vez quebranta el principio de igualdad al beneficiar injustamente a las mujeres basándose en cuestiones que son ajenas a sus méritos y habilidades, siendo así que la medida de acción afirmativa no muestra ser injusta, sino que es poco factible que logre su propósito, por consiguiente, el objetivo de la investigación consiste en establecer si existe vulneración al principio de igualdad descrito en líneas anteriores.

El objetivo del presente estudio que se procura identificar es la falta de un mecanismo de participación para el proceso de designación de los Vocales de las Juntas Electorales en donde se realizase el mismo ligado a los principios de independencia electoral y al derecho a la participación ciudadana. La metodología utilizada se basa en el paradigma cualitativo, dentro de la investigación en el ámbito social, sustentada en métodos como el análisis, síntesis bibliográficas, histórico lógico y finalmente los métodos deductivo e inductivo con la finalidad de perseguir una descripción exacta de lo que acontece a la realidad social. Este estudio realizado se concluye con la determinación de las falencias, conflictos y vacíos en la legislación electoral ecuatoriana que da cabida a una vulneración de derechos de participación ciudadana y a poner en tela de duda la independencia del accionar del Poder Electoral.

Los Jueces/as deben aplicar la perspectiva de género, en aquellos casos que devienen hechos de violencia contra las mujeres, por cuanto ejercitan un rol transformador ante la desigualdad formal, material y estructural al momento de conocer los procesos, al juzgar son agentes de cambio en el diseño y ejecución del proyecto de vida de las personas, el fin del derecho es combatir las relaciones asimétricas de poder, esquemas de desigualdad que afectan el desarrollo de hombres y mujeres dentro de la sociedad. Estas decisiones judiciales no solo deben garantizar derechos, sino también deben ser preventivas, y necesarias para erradicar una vida libre de violencia contra las mujeres. El tipo de investigación aplicada en el artículo fue cualitativa-cuantitativa, con énfasis en una investigación cualitativa que dentro de la Argumentación Jurídica por parte de Jueces/as incorpora los enfoques de igualdad desde la perspectiva de género en la violencia contra las mujeres.

This article turns its interest in the analysis of the due process as a legal institution that watches over the fulfillment of the constitutional guarantees of the people immersed in an administrative summary, within this process contemplated in the general regulation to the Organic Law of Intercultural Education , in its phases of previous actions and in the trial stage, it is not determined precisely what are the actions that the procedural parties have to execute to request, evacuate and contradict the evidence presented. Emphasis is placed on the importance of having a natural judge in this type of procedure, since according to the norm that contemplates it, it indicates that the JDRC is an organ integrated by the same officials of the district level of education, the Ministry of Education and its regulations I would not be guaranteeing the right of teachers to be judged by a competent judge.

The phenomenon known as politicization of justice is examined. Indeed, the need arises to determine a counterweight in the judicial system, in the face of the excesses of political power that affect the democracy model. The function of the judges to administer justice consists in issuing sentences attached to law and justice. The objective of the investigation is to analyze judicial independence as a mechanism to reduce the politicization of the courts in the administration of justice in Ecuador as opposed to democracy and violation of basic guarantees such as due process. The scientific research methodology was based on the qualitative paradigm, based on analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive methods. It is concluded that the administration of justice requires a strong judiciary, with the capacity to meet the legitimate claims of citizens, and this is only achieved when it is independent and impartial.

A la vista de la situación actual del mercado, este trabajo pretende ver hasta qué punto la sostenibilidad es un factor clave en la evolución del sector textil y de la moda. Se ha utilizado un método deductivo, partiendo de premisas generales hasta llegar a los planteamientos más específicos del estudio, centrados en el análisis estadístico de los datos obtenidos mediante una encuesta online dirigida a consumidores del sector. El propósito del estudio empírico, de carácter prospectivo, ha sido conocer mejor el comportamiento de compra del consumidor y ver cómo influyen la responsabilidad y la sostenibilidad de las marcas textiles en sus decisiones. En este sentido, las conclusiones sugieren que los consumidores no consideran como factor decisivo las acciones de Responsabilidad Social Corporativa de las marcas y continúan contribuyendo de forma activa al modelo de la industria textil actual, a pesar de haber comenzado a implementar hábitos sostenibles concretos en su modo de vida. Asimismo, se percibe que los consumidores son conscientes de los efectos negativos del modelo textil actual, pero se ven constantemente influidos a contribuir a mantenerlo.

This paper presents a data set with information on meteorological data and electricity consumption in the department of Alto Paraná, Paraguay. The meteorological data were registered every three hours at the Aeropuerto Guarani, Department of Alto Paraná, which belongs to the Dirección Nacional de Aeronáutica Civil of Paraguay. The final data consists of a total of 22.445 records of temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and atmospheric pressure. On the other hand, the electrical energy consumption data set contains a total of 1.848.947 records, all of them coming from the one hundred and fifteen feeders located throughout the Alto Paraná region of Paraguay. Electrical energy consumption data was provided by Administración Nacional de Electricidad (ANDE). The analysis of this data can yield insights regarding the energy consumption in the area.

Se realiza un estudio bibliométrico de las cinco revistas de comunicación indexadas en el primer cuartil en la base de datos Web of Science, se presentan sus datos generales y se desglosa su factor de impacto y el número de citas; también se muestran los principales países que aportan conocimientos al área de comunicación en las revistas analizadas. Por otra parte se presenta el índice de inmediatez de los artículos publicados, que es la posibilidad de que un artículo sea citado por otro investigador el mismo año de su publicación. Como resultados encontramos que los principales países que aportan documentos a estas revistas son: Estados Unidos de América, Inglaterra, China, Alemania y Canadá, entre otros; también se observó que las cinco revistas tienen un índice de inmediatez cercano a uno.

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El estudio de los estándares de medidas de reparación integral establecidos por la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, respecto de las sentencias de acción extraordinaria de protección emitidas por la Corte Constitucional del Ecuador, genera una problemática que perjudica de forma directa a las víctimas por vulneraciones de sus derechos fundamentales. Es por ello, que el objetivo de este artículo, es determinar si no existe cumplimiento de la Corte Constitucional del Ecuador en las sentencias de acción extraordinaria de protección, respecto a los parámetros de reparación integral que ha establecido la Corte IDH a lo largo de los años a través de su jurisprudencia, entendida dicha reparación, como el medio idóneo para restablecer aquel derecho que fue vulnerado, estos parámetros a tratar son la restitución, indemnización, satisfacción, rehabilitación, investigación y sanción, y garantía de no repetición.

En este trabajo investigativo se analiza el proceso para la determinación económica en la Acción de Protección en relación a la compatibilidad con la Constitución. Al respecto, el desarrollo en la norma infra constitucional establece un nuevo proceso, adicional al principal, es esta disconformidad entre la Norma Suprema y la infra constitucional que genera la problemática. En la actualidad en el Ecuador, la Constitución de la República resalta por la supremacía constitucional de la cual se encuentra envestida. Por ello, el objetivo que se pretende alcanzar es justificar la necesidad de un nuevo proceso. La metodología científica investigativa parte del paradigma cualitativo, sustentado en métodos tales como análisis y síntesis bibliográficos, así como también histórico lógico e inductivo-deductivo. Se concluye que subsisten incompatibilidades y contradicciones entre estas dos normas en la legislación ecuatoriana que desnaturalizan la estructura jurídica y vulneran derechos.

Las garantías constitucionales, son mecanismos de protección por la vulneración de los derechos consagrados en la Carta Constitucional. Las garantías se clasifican en institucionales y sociales. La Constitución de la República del Ecuador, clasifica las garantías constitucionales en normativas, de políticas públicas, institucionales y jurisdiccionales, esta última contempla la acción de protección como el mecanismo para reparar un daño grave y procederá solo en los casos que se verifique una real violación a los derechos constitucionales. La acción de protección, ampara los casos de daños graves entre particulares (Asamblea Constituyente, 2008). Es decir, la vulneración de los derechos por parte de una autoridad pública o persona privada. El juez que sustancia el proceso judicial, es el único facultado para determinar si la afectación consiste en un daño grave para declararla procedente por la vía constitucional o si por el contrario es un caso a tratar por la vía ordinaria.

Without any doubt, the advent of the Internet has substantially transformed the way and rhythm of our lives. This circumstance reflects directly on our daily behaviours, which are today quite different from what they used to be only a few years ago. In this sense, the current patterns of search for information and consumption are frequently paced by the eWOM communication. In addition, environmental concerns have driven consumers to increasingly demand the so-called environmentally friendly products. Considering both issues together, literature reveals that the study of the interaction between eWOM and sustainable consumption is still scarce and needs more attention. For this reason, the present research is devoted to the identification and evaluation of a sustainable food-related eWOM. In this regard, an online survey of authors of food-related weblogs/videoblogs was conducted containing different questions about their food consumption styles. Even though the existence of a distinct group of green authors was confirmed, the following examination of centrality levels showed that the influence exerted by this group on the Web 2.0 is exactly the same as that of the other groups. Jointly, these findings provide information of great importance that has implications for businesses and professionals in marketing.

Introduction: the continuous training and certification of primary healthcare professionals support the implementation of brief interventions to address drug use. Objective: our objective was to validate the training materials of the “Universal Treatment Curriculum for Health Professionals” by assessing the knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Method: we worked with 823 health professionals (137 from Argentina, 59 from Colombia, 86 from El Salvador, 398 from Mexico and 143 from Uruguay), regarding the utilization of brief intervention, according to the training modality in which they participated (272 face-to-face, 125 mixed, and 426 online). We applied a written knowledge evaluation, behavioral assessment of skills - attitudes, and a Satisfaction Questionnaire. A post-quasi-experimental design was used, with comparison groups to assess knowledge, skills, attitudes (through direct observation) and satisfaction of health professionals. Results: the results of the written evaluation and direct observation indicate that both, the training materials and the pedagogical strategy, increased knowledge, skills, and attitudes for the implementation of brief interventions. Conclusions: in this way, a successful dissemination tool was obtained, based on the contents recommended by international organizations and validated in the field of clinical application of the basic principles of behavior. -------- Introducción: la capacitación continua y certificación de los profesionales de atención primaria de salud apoyan la implementación de intervenciones breves para abordar el uso de drogas. Objetivo: validar los materiales de capacitación del “Curriculum Universal de Tratamiento para Profesionales de la Salud” mediante la evaluación de los conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes. Método: se trabajó con 823 profesionales (137 de Argentina, 59 de Colombia, 86 de El Salvador, 398 de México y 143 de Uruguay), en cuanto a la utilización de la intervención breve, según la modalidad de capacitación en la que participaron (272 presencial, 125 mixta y 426 a distancia). Se aplicó: evaluación escrita de conocimientos, evaluación conductual de habilidades-actitudes y un cuestionario de satisfacción. Se utilizó un diseño cuasi-experimental post, con grupos de comparación para evaluar los conocimientos, habilidades, actitudes (a través de observación directa) y satisfacción de los profesionales de la salud. Resultados: los de la evaluación escrita y observación directa indican que, tanto los materiales de capacitación como la estrategia pedagógica empleada, incrementaron conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes para la implementación de la intervención breve. Conclusiones: se obtuvo una herramienta de diseminación exitosa, basada en los contenidos recomendados por organismos internacionales y validada en el campo de aplicación clínica de los principios básicos del comportamiento.

This article presents a database containing 757 color fundus images acquired at the Department of Ophthalmology of the Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (FCM), Universidad Nacional de Asunción (UNA), Paraguay. Firstly, the retinal images were acquired with a clinical procedure presented in this paper. The acquisition of the retinographies was made through the Visucam 500 camera of the Zeiss brand. Next, two expert ophthalmologists have classified the dataset. These data can help physicians and researchers in the detection of cases of Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR) and Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR), in their different stages. The dataset generated will be useful for ophthalmologists and researchers to work on automatic detection algorithms for Diabetic Retinopathy (DR).

Background NGScloud was a bioinformatic system developed to perform de novo RNAseq analysis of non-model species by exploiting the cloud computing capabilities of Amazon Web Services. The rapid changes undergone in the way this cloud computing service operates, along with the continuous release of novel bioinformatic applications to analyze next generation sequencing data, have made the software obsolete. NGScloud2 is an enhanced and expanded version of NGScloud that permits the access to ad hoc cloud computing infrastructure, scaled according to the complexity of each experiment. Methods NGScloud2 presents major technical improvements, such as the possibility of running spot instances and the most updated AWS instances types, that can lead to significant cost savings. As compared to its initial implementation, this improved version updates and includes common applications for de novo RNAseq analysis, and incorporates tools to operate workflows of bioinformatic analysis of reference-based RNAseq, RADseq and functional annotation. NGScloud2 optimizes the access to Amazon’s large computing infrastructures to easily run popular bioinformatic software applications, otherwise inaccessible to non-specialized users lacking suitable hardware infrastructures. Results The correct performance of the pipelines for de novo RNAseq, reference-based RNAseq, RADseq and functional annotation was tested with real experimental data, providing workflow performance estimates and tips to make optimal use of NGScloud2. Further, we provide a qualitative comparison of NGScloud2 vs. the Galaxy framework. NGScloud2 code, instructions for software installation and use are available at https://github.com/GGFHF/NGScloud2. NGScloud2 includes a companion package, NGShelper that contains Python utilities to post-process the output of the pipelines for downstream analysis at https://github.com/GGFHF/NGShelper.

ATP2, a putative type 4 P-type ATPase, is a phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P)-regulated phospholipid transporter with an interesting potential as an antimalarial drug target due to its conservation across Plasmodium species and its essential role in the life cycle of Plasmodium falciparum. Despite its importance, the exact mechanism of its action and regulation is still not fully understood. In this study we used coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CG-MD) to elucidate the lipid–protein interactions between a heterogeneous lipid membrane containing phosphatidylinositol and Plasmodium chabaudi ATP2 (PcATP2), an ortholog of P. falciparum ATP2. Our study reveals structural information of the lipid fingerprint of ATP2, and provides structural information on the potential phosphatidylinositol allosteric binding site. Moreover, we identified a set of evolutionary conserved residues that may play a key role in the binding and stabilization of lipids in the binding pocket.

La madurez de las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC) ha detonado un crecimiento exponencial de información en todas las áreas del conocimiento y durante la pandemia se ha incrementado, en especial, el tema del coronavirus. El presente trabajo se desarrolló utilizando una investigación documental con carácter descriptivo, con una metodología cualitativa e interpretativa. El objetivo que se persigue es analizar cómo se ha difundido la información sobre la pandemia de la COVID-19 dando paso a la llamada infodemia, cómo las noticias falsas (fake news) han sido difundidas a través de las redes sociales, y cuáles han sido las estrategias implementadas por diferentes autoridades y sitios de Internet para combatirlas y disminuir su impacto en la sociedad. Como resultado del análisis se determinó la necesidad de una alfabetización digital de la sociedad para que pueda identificar la información que es confiable y segura, y descartar las noticias falsas.

The increase in overfishing and pollution in Pátzcuaro Lake, Michoacán, México, has generated a severe problem in the endemic species that live there; especially the Chirostoma estor estor that has been threatened. A computational model has been developed for the evaluation of water quality in freshwater intensive farming tanks to contribute to the conservation efforts of this species. The proposed model uses a fuzzy inference system weighted through a rule categorization process. Five parameters were selected for the analysis: dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, total ammonia, and non-ionized ammonia, because they represent the primary set of parameters that affect the water quality and health of the species studied. The measurements were made on the Chirostoma farms, and different situations were studied to define weights of importance according to the situations of negative impact on water quality. The rules are maximized or minimized with those weights and then integrated into a final score (Chirostoma Water Quality Index (CWI). The CWI values have been compared with NSF and CCME. It is noted that the CWI values are more representative of the actual state of water quality for the Chirostoma estor estor. This is because the weighted fuzzy logic approach is sensitive to all parameters and can identify harmful situations by using the rules. CWI can be a useful tool for monitoring and managing the quality of tanks, as it provides helpful information to prioritize and maintain water quality, and this in turn favors the growth, reproduction, and preservation of the species.

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This paper aims to know the situation of the responsible consumption of milk in Spain and the consumers’ perception about labels indicating the responsible and/or sustainable character of a product. Different seals and labels used at national level have been analysed and a prospective survey was carried out on a sample of 200 individuals. Main results suggest the existence of some level of disinformation, which leads to confusion among consumers´, which accept seals and labels with misleading content as valid, as they are unaware of the existence of official certifications and their implications. Therefore, the most obvious conclusion is that companies and institutions in the dairy sector must work to improve their communication actions and, specifically, they must carry out actions to train and inform consumers about the content of the different labels and badges. This effort would not be in vain, as these same consumers are already demanding useful and truthful information about the sustainability of their products and processes.