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Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T17:41:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-12-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Suzano Pulp and Paper Company S.A. Fertilization of Eucalyptus plantations using sewage sludge on unfertile tropical soils represents an alternative to using mineral N and P fertilizers. A 44-month field experiment was conducted to study the effects of increasing application of sludge, and its interactions with mineral N and P fertilizers, on wood volume. Four rates of sludge (0, 8,15 and 23 Mg ha(-1), dry base), N (0, 47, 95 and 142 kg ha(-1)) and P (0, 28, 56 and 84 kg ha(-1) of P2O5) were combined in a 4 x 4 x 4 factorial scheme in a totally randomized block design. Response surface and age-shift modeling was used to establish an initial recommendation for mineral fertilization of the Eucalyptus plantations treated with sludge and to analyze the implications of increased growth on the duration of the forest cycle in a tropical climate. The results showed that from 8 to 44 months after planting, the sludge application (with or without N and P) yielded a statistically larger wood volume (P < 0.05), compared to application of N and P fertilizers only. The response surface modeling showed the following outcomes: i) application of sludge based on N criterion reduced the need for N and P fertilizers by 100%; and ii) an increase in wood volume by 7% could be achieved, compared to NPK fertilizers only, if 2/3 of the recommended P was applied. The cultivation time to produce 150 m(3) ha(-1) of wood volume was 45 months for the control and was reduced by two, three, four, or five months, respectively, through application of recommended P, sludge dose, sludge plus one third of P, and sludge plus two thirds of P. On the whole, sewage sludge could represent an excellent unconventional N and P fertilizer source for wood production on unfertile tropical soils. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Plant Nutr, Ctr Nucl Energy Agr, BR-13400970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil Fed Univ Grande Dourados, Sch Engn, BR-79804070 Dourados, MS, Brazil EMBRAPA Cerrado, BR-73310970 Planaltina, DF, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz Coll Agr, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil Suzano Papel & Celulose SA, BR-18200000 Itapetininga, SP, Brazil Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA Sao Paulo State Univ, Sch Engn, Dept Plant Protect Rural Engn & Soils, BR-15385000 Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil Univ Sassari, Dipartimento Architettura Design & Urbanist, Via Colombo 1, I-08100 Nuoro, Italy Univ Sassari, Desertificat Res Ctr, Viale Italia 39, I-07100 Sassari, Italy Sao Paulo State Univ, Sch Engn, Dept Plant Protect Rural Engn & Soils, BR-15385000 Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 2004/15097-0 FAPESP: 2015/09690-5 CNPq: 313374/2014-7

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T17:34:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-05-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Companhia Ambiental do Estado de Sao Paulo Biossolo Agricultura Ambiente Ltda. Suzano Papel e Celulose S/A Faculdade de Ciencias Agronomicas-FCA/UNESP USDA In many countries, the main reason for severely restricting or outright banning the land application of class B biosolids is the lack of risk assessment for adverse human health impacts. Among pathogens that are not often studied are helminth ova, including that of the Ascaris spp. Almost all of the knowledge about the persistence of Ascaris spp. ova in soils fertilized with biosolids is based on studies developed in North America, Europe, and Asia. These studies have almost always been conducted under temperate climate conditions, which may cause erroneous interpretations when the conclusions are extrapolated to tropical regions such as those found in Brazil. This team evaluated the persistence of viable Ascaris spp. ova in a sandy Quartzipsamment tropical soil, previously planted with Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis hybrid ( Eucalyptus urograndis) and fertilized with biosolids, over a 52-wk period. During the reporting period, the average temperature of soil and biosolids fluctuated between 15 and 30 degrees C, and the average moisture of biosolids fluctuated between 60 and 90%. The estimated persistence time of viable Ascaris spp. ova after land application was estimated at close to 7 wk, indicating that ova may not be viable for as long as it has been shown to be in studies of more temperate areas. The relationship of temperature with persistence of viable Ascaris spp. ova in a tropical soil was stronger than moisture content, suggesting that temperature substantially contributed to their nonviability over the course of the experiment. Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agron, Dept Solos & Recursos Ambientais, Caixa Postal 237, BR-18603970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Biossolo Agr & Ambiente Ltda, Rua Campos Salles 1152, BR-13416310 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil Companhia Ambiental Estado Sao Paulo, Dept Anal Ambientais, Av Prof Frederico Hermann Junior 345, BR-05459900 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Dept Bioestat, R Prof Dr Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin S-N, BR-18618689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil BSC Bahia Specialty Cellulose, Copener Florestal, Av Dr Jose Gomes de Camargo 300, BR-18213640 Alagoinhas, Bahia, Brazil Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Coll Environm, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agron, Dept Solos & Recursos Ambientais, Caixa Postal 237, BR-18603970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Dept Bioestat, R Prof Dr Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin S-N, BR-18618689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T16:19:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Suzano Papel e Celulose Estacao de Tratamento de Esgoto de Jundiai Faculdade de Ciencias Agronomicas-FCA/UNESP We conducted a field experiment to determine whether application of biosolids (municipal sewage sludge) to degraded areas of the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest had the potential to contaminate native forest species with trace metals in the sandy soils of the region. Treatments consisted of 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20 dry Mg biosolids ha(-1), with nine native pioneer, secondary, and climax tree species assessed for metal uptake: capixingui, aroeira-pimenteria, canafistula, cedro-rosa, mutamba, angico-vermelho, copaiba, jatoba, and jequitiba. Biosolid application did not have a statistically significant effect on metal concentrations in soil, and Cd was the only metal with increased availability. No increased metal uptake was seen in tree foliage sampled at 6 and 12 months after application. Additional longer-term study is recommended; however, the results of this study indicate biosolids could be used in Atlantic rainforest reclamation in degraded sandy soils with little impact on soil accumulation and tree uptake of trace metals. Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Solos & Recursos Ambientais, Fac Ciencias Agron, BR-18603970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Santiago de Compostela, Dept Edafol & Quim Agr, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain EMBRAPA Algodao, BR-58107720 Campina Grande, PB, Brazil BIOSSOLO Agr & Ambiente, BR-13416310 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil SUZANO Papel & Celulose, BR-08613135 Suzano, SP, Brazil Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Solos & Recursos Ambientais, Fac Ciencias Agron, BR-18603970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil

International audience; The association of N-2-fixing species (NFS) could be an attractive option for achieving a sustainable increase of Eucalyptus plantations (EP) productivity through a positive balance between facilitative effects and competition between species. A randomised block design was replicated at four sites (Cenibra, USP, Suzano and IP) in Southern Brazil and at one site in Congo. The development of mono-specific stands of Acacia mangium (100A) and Eucalyptus grandis or urophylla x grandis (100E), was compared with N fertilisation treatment (100E + N) and with mixed-species plantations in a 1:1 ratio (50A:50E), and in an additive series with varying densities of acacia for the same density of eucalypt (25A:100E, 50A:100E, 100A:100E). The objectives were to assess the effect of mixtures on tree growth and stand production, and the behaviour of the two species in contrasting soil and climatic conditions. Tree growth was monitored over stand rotation and the biomass of aboveground tree components estimated at mid-rotation and at harvesting age. Eucalyptus height was 13% higher in Brazil than in Congo. Favourable ecological conditions in Congo and Cenibra led to 50% higher Acacia tree height than at the other sites. A depressive effect of Eucalyptus neighbour trees on Acacia height and circumference growth, lower in Congo than in Brazil, was observed in the mixtures from age 1-2 years onwards. Depressive effects of acacia on eucalypt height and circumference growth were low in USP, Suzano and IP, high in Cenibra, and not observed in Congo, in 50A:50E and 25A:100E. A positive though insignificant response to N fertilisation was only found in USP and Congo. Complementarity for light and soil resource capture between Eucalyptus and Acacia trees resulted in mean annual increments in total stand stemwood biomass (MAI) that were 7-15%, 6-12%, and 40% higher in the additive series than for 100E in Cenibra, LISP and Congo, respectively at mid-rotation. Whilst lasting complementarity and facilitation in Congo led to 17-34% higher MAI in mixtures than for 100E at harvesting age, MAIs were not significantly higher in mixtures than for 100E in Brazil. Mixed-species plantations of Eucalyptus and A. mangium might enhance aboveground stand production on poor nutrient soils in warm and humid tropical climates with low water limitations

The productivity of most forest plantations is less than their physiological potential as defined by the prevailing climate, because the supply or capture of light, water and nutrients is less than optimal. However, maximum growth does not equate to maximum wood value. The silvicultural challenge is to design and use management regimes that achieve target growth rates and wood quality by manipulating resource supply, capture or use. It has been and remains possible to identify and ameliorate factors limiting growth, sometimes on a large scale, e.g. by soil cultivation, residue management, fertiliser, weed control, irrigation, coppice management, thinning and pruning. This review examines some of these silvicultural practices for eucalypt plantations. During the past two decades, an increase in research on silvicultural practices in relation to soil and plant processes has improved our understanding of their effects on tree growth and wood quality, and on non-wood values including the potential for adverse on- or off-site effects. Eucalypt silviculture usually targets high growth rates and short rotations. High growth rates, and to some extent low nutrient-use efficiencies of eucalypts, lead to high nutrient demand and a high potential for nutrient depletion if management does not facilitate nutrient conservation. A detailed examination of nutrient management is presented. We indicate how silvicultural information is incorporated into current empirical- and process-based systems of productivity prediction, and identify potential improvements to these models. Silvicultural options are included adequately in some empirical models, and some process-based productivity models adequately cater for pruning and thinning, but process-based predictions of other silvicultural options, e.g. cultivation, slash retention, fertiliser, weed control and pest management, remain in their infancy.