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Osteomyelitis is a bone inflammation caused mainly by bacteria. In cases of the femur’s neck osteomyelitis and concomitant septic arthritis, complications can lead to considerable joint shortening and deterioration in the long term. The cases of two neonatal patients are described, with hyperthermia manifestations as a common sign; and only in one of them limited movement of the right lower limb, flexion and adduction contracture, painful on movement. The diagnosis was based on clinical, imaging and laboratory criteria. The treatment consisted in the use of the abduction splint, which guaranteed the concentric reduction of the femoral head in the acetabular cavity; this could be verified by monitoring and control of the reduction, through simple radiography of the pelvis in each consultation. The early diagnosis of the disease determines the use of a more conservative treatment, in addition to minimizing complications.

Background: developmental dysplasia of the hip constitutes the most frequent affection for the development of the musculoskeletal system. In the context of radiographic diagnosis of this disease in infants, digital radiographs offer advantages that could be used for a more accurate diagnosis. Objective: to describe the DDC_Calc software operation to perform radiographic measurements in digital format. Methods: a technological innovation study was carried out during 2019, at the Paquito González Cueto University Pediatric Hospital, in Cienfuegos, specifically in the Orthopedics Service and with the specialists’ contribution from the "Marta Abreu" Central University’ Mathematics, Physics and Computing Faculty, Las Villas. The Viola-Jones artificial vision algorithm was used for the detection of the structures, as well as a rule-based system with a view to a diagnostic suggestion. Results: the software integrated the necessary tools to carry out the measurements used (angles, distances, positions) in the radiographic diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip. Its functionalities, requirements and operation of the application were described, based on a real clinical case, all illustrated with images. Conclusions: the use of the software facilitates the performance of more accurate measurements by the doctor, thus guaranteeing higher quality in the diagnosis and the preservation of the initial radiographic findings, which are very useful in the radiographic follow-up of the condition in time.

Osteopetrosis constitutes a group of genetic disorders that determine skeletal sclerosis. It is also known as Albers-Schonberg disease. It is transmitted in both an autosomal dominant and recessive manner. Its early diagnosis makes it possible to treat the underlying pathology and the fracture early, in order to achieve bone consolidation and incorporate patients into their daily lives with a favorable evolution. We present the case of a 10-year-old female patient, white-skinned, who had been in consultation at the Frank País García International Orthopedic Scientific Complex since she was 4 years old, where she was diagnosed with osteopetrosis. Six years later, he fell off his feet and sustained trauma to his right hip. It started with severe pain, swelling and difficulty walking. The patient attended the Paquito González Cueto Pediatric University Hospital in Cienfuegos where she was evaluated by pediatric, orthopedic and traumatology specialists. A hip x-ray was performed where the diagnosis of right hip fracture was confirmed, for which he was admitted for surgical treatment. The case is presented with the objective of exposing the approach to this type of disease and the treatment method, motivated by its low frequency of presentation.

Background: the use of digital radiographs for the diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip allows, in addition to early diagnosis and greater work efficiency, more precise measurements, patient monitoring and surgical planning.Objective: to describe a tool capable of detecting structures and points of interest in a semi-automatic way to carry out the necessary measurements and calculations with a view to diagnosing hip dysplasia in infants.Methods: study of technological innovation, where the Viola-Jones artificial vision algorithm was used for the detection of structures, as well as a rule-based system with a view to a diagnosis suggestion. The proposed tool (Software for radiographic measurements for diagnosing developmental dysplasia of the hip in infants) is in the testing and exploitation phase at the Paquito González Cueto University Pediatric Hospital, in Cienfuegos. To validate the results, radiographic studies of 12 cases were chosen, to which measurements were applied using the traditional method and then using the software.Results: a system was obtained with a view to determining structures in hip radiography images, which allow points and lines to be obtained to calculate dysplasia indicators. The success rate in detecting the structures was 100%.Conclusion: there was a high coincidence between the measures calculated by the algorithm and those calculated manually. The correspondence between the diagnosis predicted by the system and that issued by specialist doctors was also high.

El éxito del tratamiento de la displasia del desarrollo de la cadera está íntimamente ligado a una intervención temprana, o sea, a un diagnóstico y tratamiento precoces y seguros. El estudio radiográfico tradicionalmente se ha sustentado en la medición de una serie de parámetros, la cual se realiza mediante el goniómetro, marcando directamente en la radiografía. Sin embargo, este procedimiento tiene sus desventajas. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo exponer las características de una plantilla para medir la cadera con desarrollo displásico en el lactante. Se explica cómo proceder con la herramienta propuesta; se argumentan sus posibilidades y metodología de aplicación, y se ilustra su factibilidad desde el punto de vista práctico. La plantilla permite evaluar la cadera del lactante, independientemente de la osificación del núcleo de la cabeza del fémur; así como determinar si la cadera es normal; y en caso de ser patológica, clasificarla en dependencia del grado de severidad de la afección.

Sepsis and septic shock are major health problems that affect millions of people worldwide and have a high lethality. The infection source control is one of the fundamental aspects to achieve success in treatment. Once sepsis is suspected as a syndrome, all tests should be performed to identify the primary site of origin and the necessary specialist teams should be used. The objective of this work is to transmit the experiences derived from the care of an infant whose diagnosis of septic shock was made retrospectively when chronic osteomyelitis of the distal end of the right femur was discovered as a primary source of undiagnosed infection. The patient was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit with multi-organ dysfunction. The diagnosis initially focused on acute viral myocarditis, but four weeks later osteomyelitis was diagnosed with chronicity criteria. The retrospective analysis ruled out the previous diagnosis and suggested acute osteomyelitis as the cause for septic shock, a clinical picture that began in a hidden way, but which almost compromised the patient's life. In the presence of a suspicious case of sepsis, the presence of a source of infection should be exhaustively searched. Given its frequency, acute hematogenous osteomyelitis should be taken into account.

Supracondylar humerus fracture has a high incidence in the first decade of life. It represents 3-16% of all fractures in children, only surpassed by radius distal fracture; it also constitutes 53-67% of elbow fractures in this age group. The magnitude of the fragments displacement, the severity of soft tissue lesions and the possibility of neurovascular complications, make it a serious injury requiring emergency treatment. In certain cases the fracture local conditions the prevent the fragments adequate manipulation, so the reduction is not achieved in the correct way and the fixation is unstable, requiring surgical intervention to achieve reduction. In this article a new method is presented that achieves the anatomical reduction and allows stable fixation by percutaneous way. In addition, the results obtained in two clinical cases in which this method was applied are shown.

Algunos autores sugieren utilizar la ecografía en los primeros tres meses de vida, dejando la radiografía para etapas posteriores a los tres o seis meses, cuando la cabeza del fémur se muestra osificada. Desde el punto de vista de los autores, esta distinción no es válida, si se considera como sustento teórico práctico el conocimiento de la anatomía radiográfica y ecográfica de la cadera, así como una adecuada interpretación de las imágenes. Para ilustrar la correspondencia entre ambos tipos de estudios, se identifican los puntos de referencia anatómicos comunes para las respectivas imágenes. El objetivo es mostrar evidencias de la efectividad de la aplicación de los dos métodos como complemento del diagnóstico clínico del desarrollo displásico de la cadera. Se concluye que existe una estrecha relación entre ellos, la cual puede ponerse en función del diagnóstico de la enfermedad, e incluso de su seguimiento evolutivo, independientemente de la edad del niño, durante el primer año de vida.

Algunos autores plantean que la medición radiográfica de la cadera en etapa cartilaginosa, se dificulta por la no visualización en las radiografías del núcleo osificado de la cabeza del fémur, lo que compromete la determinación exacta de la relación entre cabeza femoral y acetábulo. En este artículo se expone la metodología para la evaluación radiológica de la cadera con desarrollo displásico desde la etapa cartilaginosa. Para ello, se utilizó una radiografía simple anteroposterior de la pelvis en etapa cartilaginosa, donde la cabeza del fémur no es visible. La metodología propuesta tiene como elemento inicial la determinación de puntos de referencia, presentes desde la etapa de recién nacido y sobre los cuales se realizan mediciones y ángulos, lo que permite establecer grupos diagnósticos y dar seguimiento en el tiempo hasta la curación de la afección.

El éxito del tratamiento de la cadera con desarrollo displásico está relacionado al diagnóstico precoz y al tratamiento empleado. El tratamiento ortésico debe garantizar la remodelación de la cadera displásica, para ello se deben cumplir requisitos de flexión y abducción de caderas en grados adecuados para evitar la aparición de complicaciones. Un medio para corroborar que estos requisitos se cumplen, es el estudio radiográfico de la pelvis del paciente con el dispositivo ortésico colocado, a cuya imagen resultante se le realizan tres mediciones. Se presentan las imágenes del caso de una paciente femenina de cuatro meses de edad, con signos clínicos y radiográficos de desarrollo displásico de la cadera, con el objetivo de mostrar los adecuados grados de flexión que debe proporcionar la ortesis. La aplicación de estos métodos ofrece mayor seguridad acerca de la reducción lograda y garantiza la remodelación articular hacia la normalidad en la cadera con desarrollo displásico.

La asociación de una luxación en las fracturas de tobillo modifica su abordaje terapéutico puesto que la articulación no debe permanecer por más de seis horas en dicha situación y por ende se requerirá del tratamiento quirúrgico de urgencia. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 30 años de edad, atendida en el Hospital Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima, de Cienfuegos, quien, tras sufrir una caída mientras montaba bicicleta, presentó una grave fractura- luxación del tobillo derecho con fractura suprasindesmal del peroné, lesión sindesmal, lesión del ligamento deltoideo y fractura del reborde antero externo del pilón tibial. Fue estabilizada mediante el empleo de un mini fijador RALCA. Al cabo de los cinco meses de la cirugía se logró la recuperación total. En nuestro medio es posible que no contemos en un momento determinado con los dispositivos más empleados para la fijación de las lesiones del tobillo, por esta razón la fijación externa se convierte en una alternativa viable para dar total solución a estos trastornos, por lo que se decidió la presentación de este caso que demuestra la efectividad del fijador externo RALCA.

Open reduction and internal fixation of the fracture-dislocation of the ankle with plates, screws and Kirschner wires is a well-defined treatment method. This paper presents the management of a fracture-dislocation of the right ankle in a 33-year-old female patient stabilized by using a one-third tubular plate, screws, and Kirschner wires with tension-band wires. Results were satisfactory.

Within the specter of injuries found in dorsal perilunar luxation or injuries of the bigger arch, the one belonging to bigger frequency reciprocates with the fracture luxation trasescafo dorsal perilunar. Much less frequent are the luxations that associate the big bone's fractures and those with displaced fractures of the pyramidal. Throughout the above, the case of a 19 year old patient is presented, that came to the emergency room of Gustavo Aldereguía Lima, Cienfuegos Hospital, after suffering a fall on his left hand with background of previous health. Great increase of volume in the left-handed wrist, acute pain in spite of immobilization and absolute functional impotence were verified. Manual reduction under general anesthesia of the perilunar luxation of the carpus was accomplished. By means of X-ray pictures of control, anteroposterior and lateral of the wrist, escafoides's fracture and its characteristics were verified. For the marked angulation and conminution of the fracture surgical open-cast treatment was decided, using the technique of Ruse, that was postpone to the tenth day from the initial lesion, when the wrist was less inflamed and the risks of complications were less. The patient was discharged of the consultation of orthopedics to the six months of operated showing functional acceptable results.

Por más de una década, la férula en abducción de cadera ha sido el método de tratamiento del desarrollo displásico de caderas, en el Hospital Pediátrico Universitario Paquito González Cueto de Cienfuegos. El objetivo de este trabajo es exponer la clasificación dinámica para las caderas con desarrollo displásico, desde el punto de vista radiográfico. Para ilustrar la clasificación se utilizaron esquemas representativos y radiografías de pacientes portadores de diferentes grados de la afección. El comportamiento dinámico de los parámetros radiográficos utilizados en la clasificación, permite realizar agrupaciones diagnósticas antes, durante y después del tratamiento, en función de evaluar los resultados finales de este.

La férula en abducción para el tratamiento del desarrollo displásico de la cadera es un aparato ortopédico corrector utilizado en la especialidad de ortopedia, la cual tiene como objetivo corregir las alteraciones anatómicas y funcionales que están presentes en los niños que padecen de desarrollo displásico de la cadera. El presente trabajo muestra las características del diseño, funcionamiento, modo de utilización y aplicación de dicho aparato ortopédico en niños portadores de la afección. Fue diseñado por el Servicio de Ortopedia y Traumatología del Hospital Pediátrico Universitario “Paquito González Cueto” de Cienfuegos. Es el método de tratamiento conservador que se utiliza en este centro hospitalario y provincia, desde el año 1996, en niños con diagnóstico de la mencionada afectación. Está aprobado para su utilización por el centro de control estatal de equipos médicos y sus autores cuentan con el certificado de autor de invención otorgado por la oficina cubana de la propiedad industrial.

Nowadays most persons know about the human immunodeficiency virus, hypertension and other diseases. People know about their characteristics and the way to fight them. Thanks to the media campaigns and the family physician activity, there are few transmissible and not transmissible diseases people do not have any reference about. There is a disease of which little is spoken; nevertheless, each day augments the number of people that suffer from it. This almost unknown illness is named: osteoporosis and constitutes the motive of the present work.

Here is presented a case of a patient of 10 years old who while playing football fell down and suffered an epiphysiolysis of the radial cupola, according to the lesion mechanism described by Jeffrey. Before such a lesion, the clinic scheme is exposed and the adequate procedure taken.

Presentation of the case of an infant with bilateral congenital torticollis which development was followed by ultrasound. Homeopathy and physiotherapy were used for its treatment. This is an infrequent disease scarcely reported in medical literature.

This bibliographical revision stands out the importance of the vein thromboembolism prevention in patients under different surgical and injuries procedures, wicked illnesses and medical conditions. The epidemiology, etiopatogenia and factors of risk of the deep vein thrombosis and the lung embolism are exposed in different categories of patient. Up to dates prophylactic methods are taken into account and compared their effectiveness and cautions according to the last studies on the topic.