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Se determinaron tasas de pariciones, abortos y nacimiento de crías débiles en rebaños vacunados con la cepa RB51–SOD (B. abortus) para evaluar la mejora productiva y compararla con las vacunas Rev–1 (B. melitensis) y RB51 (B. abortus). Se vacunaron tres subgrupos de 36 cabras cada uno con cepas Rev–1 (1–2x109 UFC), RB51 (3x108-3x109 UFC) y RB51–SOD (3x108-3x109 UFC), cada cepa tuvo un subgrupo control. Se establecieron registros individuales para calcular las tasas posvacunación en dos épocas de pariciones. En la primera, la tasa de partos para Rev-1 fue 66.6 % (IC95%: 48.9–80.9), RB51 50.0 % (IC95% :33.2–66.7) y RB51-SOD 69.4 % (IC95% :51.7–83.0). Los abortos se presentaron en los tres subgrupos vacunados, Rev-1 y RB51-SOD 5.5 % (IC95% :0.9–20.0) y RB51 2.7 % (IC95%: 0.1–16.2). Los nacimientos de crías débiles se presentaron solo en animales vacunados con Rev-1 5.5 % (IC95%: 0.9–20.0). Durante la segunda época, la tasa de partos en hembras vacunadas con Rev-1 fue de 91.6 % (IC95% :76.4–97.8), RB51 94.4 % (IC95% :79.9–99.0) y RB51-SOD 94.4 % (IC95% :79.9–99.0). Tuvieron abortos animales vacunados con cepas Rev-1 y RB51, 5.5 % (IC95%: 0.9–20.0) y 2.7 % (IC95%: 0.1–16.2), respectivamente; en subgrupos vacunados no hubo nacimiento de crías débiles. Los subgrupos controles tuvieron un comportamiento similar a los vacunados. Los animales vacunados con la cepa RB51–SOD no mostraron diferencia significativa con los que recibieron las cepas Rev-1 y RB51, ni con los subgrupos control (P>0.01); por lo anterior, la vacuna RB51-SOD puede generar protección contra la brucelosis y beneficios en la producción de rebaños caprinos.

The aim of this research was to detect rabies virus in peripheral tissues in captive vampires. Vampire bats were inoculated with 106 MICLD50 of homologous rabies virus. Bats displayed clinical signs of rabies beginning on d 8 until the 19th d post-inoculation (pi). Rabies virus antigens were found in the brain of all rabid bats. Viral RNA was detected in brain, salivary gland and tongue tissue by RT-PCR and nested PCR (nPCR). Viral genome was also detected in organs unrelated to the central nervous system. Rabies virus was not detected in saliva nor documented from any tissues without occurrence of viral antigens in the brain. Host humoral response was most pronounced via the induction of viral neutralizing antibodies (VNA) from d 8 to 20 pi, having a peak at d 14 with 0.9 IU. Antibody levels were variable, but tended to remain high after inoculation, showing significant differences to the negative control group (P=0.001). This research is one of the few recent studies focused upon Desmodus rotundus and contributes to the basic knowledge of rabies virus pathogenesis, which is required for an understanding of perpetuation in a major viral reservoir in Latin America.

Brucellosis is a disease of high morbidity that affects several animal species, is transmitted to humans and, therefore, is a zoonosis. It is caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. In this study we aim to determine seroprevalence, risk factors, and spatial distribution of caprine brucellosis in 14 municipalities in the central region of the state of Veracruz.This cross-stratified multistage study was conducted between 2009 and 2012. It included 572 animals of 81 production units selected by consensus according to the value tables of ​​Cannon and Roe. The diagnosis was by Card Testing and Radial Immunodiffusion. The seroprevalence was determined with the VassarStats® risk factor program and odds.The overall seroprevalence was 0.52% (95% CI: 0.13-1.65) and production units 2.47% (95% CI: 0.43-9.46). They were identified as risk factor for infection, production units in feedlot system and Card Testing seroconversion to vaccine against brucellosis; and as a protective factor, vaccination.Seroprevalence and distribution of goat brucellosis is low, the intensive system is a risk, and according with the Health Ministry in order that human cases are scarce.

Papillomas occur more frequently in cattle than other domestic animals. The causal agent of bovine papillomatosis is a virus that belongs to the family Papillomaviridae. In Tamaulipas, Mexico, the virus is considered a serious problem and has impeded the export of cattle to the United States, resulting in serious economic losses. Owing to the lack of information regarding the subtypes of papillomaviruses that infect cattle in Mexico, the aim of this study was to determine the subtypes in Tamaulipas. Fifty-two warts were analyzed with the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) involving primers that amplify the E7 gene of bovine papillomavirus (BPV). The PCR products were sequenced to differentiate the BPV-1 and BPV-2 subtypes. The sequencing quality was determined with the use of MEGA 6.0 software. Comparison of the Tamaulipas sequences with those of known BPV types by means of the MUSCLE algorithm showed that 53% of the former were BPV-1 and 47% were BPV-2. The distribution of the 2 subtypes in the cattle was homogeneous. This study demonstrated the presence of BPV-1 and BPV-2 in cattle from Tamaulipas and constitutes the first molecular characterization of papillomas in Mexico.

El análisis de datos para generar redes ha sido empleado en epidemiologia y medicina preventiva, para conocer las relaciones e interacciones entre los integrantes de un núcleo social, evidenciando los factores que modifican al individuo, su rebaño o a la población completa. No hay aplicación del análisis de redes sobre las relaciones que se generan entre los datos obtenidos mediante estudios de etología y fisiología. El presente trabajo evalúa las relaciones entre la tasa de dominancia y la leucocitospermia, para observar la variación de las constantes y su injerencia sobre las otras, antes y después de un estímulo estresante en carneros adultos clínicamente sanos y libres de enfermedades genitourinarias. Mientras que la estadística descriptiva permite conocer las diferencias y correlaciónes entre los datos obtenidos, el análisis de redes permite observar en una gráfica en dos dimensiones las relaciones entre las variables y su efecto sobre otras. El análisis de redes se podrá aplicar al estudio de constantes que afectan el comportamiento y las condiciones clínico-fisiológicas de un rebaño, permitiendo la prevención a partir de la observación de las tendencias representadas en las gráficas asociadas a la variación de las constantes de los individuos., Data analysis to generate networks has been used in epidemiology and preventive medicine for the relationships and interactions between members of a social nucleus, highlighting the factors that modify the individual, his flock or the entire population. No application of network analysis on the relations between the generated data in studies of ethology and physiology. This paper evaluate the relationships between the rate of leucocytospermia dominance and to observe the variation of constants and their interference on the other, before and after a stressful stimulus in adult rams clinically healthy and free of genitourinary diseases. While descriptive statistics allows to know the difference and correlation between the data obtained, the network analysis to observe in a two-dimensional graphical relationships between variables and their effect on others. Network analysis may be applied to the study of constants affect the behavior and physiological conditions of clinical-fold, allowing prevention from the observation of trends shown in the graphs attached to the constant variation of individuals.

The progeny of cows infected with Brucella abortus could acquire the bacterium during their fetal stage and generate immune tolerance. In order to identify them, a clinical assay was conducted with two groups of seronegative calves. In Group I, seven bovine females received a standard S19 dose, and in Group II, eight males served as control. All animals were sampled seven times by official serological tests every 45 days. Also, complete blood with anticoagulant was collected and tested by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 45 and 135 days after vaccination. Results were analyzed by the test of proportions. In Group I, all the animals had their maximum antibodies title at the first sampling, but from the fourth sampling, their titles decreased until they became undetectable for the screening test. All animals in Group II remained negatives. Animals from both groups recorded negative with PCR. Significant differences (P

Brucellosis is generally acquired by the ingestion of raw milk and unpasteurized dairy products. As an infection model, chicken embryos (CE) were used to isolate Brucella abortus from milk cream of eight seropositive cows. One hundred CE, seven to nine day-old, were inoculated and divided into 10 groups of 10 each; eight of them inoculated with milk cream from seropositive cows, one served as a positive control using pasteurized milk infected with Brucella abortus, and one as negative control group. Brucella spp was not isolated from inoculums, but in CE liver and CAM, and by PCR in 3/8 (37.5%) seropositive cows cream milk and from positive control group indicating differences (p < 0.05) and model usefulness. In conclusion CE could be used as an infection model to demonstrate Brucella abortus from seropositive cows’ milk. Key words: Infection model, cream, inoculums, PCR.

"The histopathologic effect caused by B. abortus on chicken embryos (CE) inoculated with milk from seropositive cows was determined. One hundred 7- to 9-days-old CE were used and divided into three groups: I) 80 CE divided into eight subgroups of 10 CE each, that were inoculated with milk cream from eigth cows seropositive to B. abortus; Group II) 10 CE inoculated with a field strain of B. abortus (positive control group); and Group III) 10 CE inoculated with ultra-pasteurized milk (negative control group). Bacteria with characteristics resembling Brucella spp. were isolated in at least 1 of each 10 CE in Group I, and in all the CE in Group II. The CE worked as a model to achieve infection and induction of damages into the cytoarchitecture of the liver and chorioallantoic membrane, this determined by the observation of inflammation and necrosis in their tissues, both in Group I and Group II. In conclusion, B. abortus caused morphological changes in the liver and chorioallantoic membrane of CE."

La brucelosis en ovinos puede ser causada por Brucella ovis y por brucelas lisas, en ambos casos puede presentarse epididimitis u orquitis, las cuales también se asocian con otros agentes infecciosos como Actinobacillus seminis e Histophilus ovis. El objetivo de este trabajo fue aislar e identificar los agentes bacterianos involucrados en la epididimitis ovina y establecer la relación en el diagnóstico serológico y bacteriológico de brucelas lisas, de B. ovis y A. seminis con la presencia de epididimitis clínica. Se trabajó en 6 rebaños ovinos localizados en los estados de México, Hidalgo y el Distrito Federal, se tomaron muestras de suero de 111 machos, y muestras de semen y testículos de 17 carneros. La presencia de epididimitis se determinó por palpación y observación. A los sueros se les aplicó la prueba diagnóstica de tarjeta al 3% para brucelas lisas, las pruebas de ELISA indirecta e inmunodifusión doble (IDD) con el antígeno proteínico de extracción salina caliente para B. ovis, e IDD con antígeno soluble para A. seminis. Se realizó análisis bacteriológico a las muestras de semen y testículos de machos con epididimitis, a las cepas aisladas se les efectuaron pruebas de identificación bioquímica rutinarias; para A. seminis se realizó además IDD con antígeno obtenido por lisis de cepas aisladas y de referencia. En los 6 rebaños se diagnosticó la presencia de anticuerpos para B. ovis, por IDD, se encontraron 10 positivos (9.0%), en ELISA indirecta se obtuvieron 25 sueros positivos (22.5%), para brucelas lisas se encontraron 20 sueros positivos (18.01%). Para A. seminis se identificaron 10 sueros positivos (9.0%), pertenecientes a 3 de los 6 rebaños muestreados. Se lograron aislar dos cepas de B. ovis a partir de testículos, y dos cepas de A. seminis de semen.