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In the present study, hierarchical cluster analysis was used to select 150 S500 diesel fuel samples from an initial set of 1320 samples assayed through official standards according to ANP Brazilian Regulation No. 50/2013. Four physicochemical properties were analyzed, namely, relative density, distillation temperatures (T10%, T50%, and T85%), flash point, and cetane number. Selected samples were also analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID), a very common technique used for fuel quality control due to its convenience, accuracy, simplicity, and possible association of the chromatographic profiles with multivariate analyses. PLS regression models were obtained aiming at predicting the four physicochemical properties of the diesel fuel samples. From a maximum chromatographic analysis time of 108 min, regression models with unbiased predictions and good prediction capability for all properties were obtained, with average relative errors lower than 6%.

Summary Background The introduction of biofortified foods such as beans with higher iron content may be a useful tool in preventing iron deficiency. The biofortification aims to reach the root of the problem of malnutrition, targets the neediest population, uses embedded distribution mechanisms, is scientifically feasible and effective in terms of cost, and complements other ongoing interventions to control micronutrient deficiency. However, to ensure effectiveness, measurement of the absorption of minerals is essential. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the iron bioavailability of common bean BRS Pontal (PO), targeted for biofortification, compared with common bean BRS Estilo in man through reliable techniques that have not been previously used in Brazil. Methods The study included 29 young adult volunteers divided into 2 groups: Group CB (13 subjects) received 100 g of common beans (BRS-Estilo) cooked labeled with iron-58 (58Fe) and Group TBB (16 patients) received 100 g common bean target for iron biofortification (BRS-Pontal), cooked and labeled with iron58 (58Fe). The next day they received the reference dose of ferrous sulfate enriched iron-57 (57Fe). Isotopic evaluation of iron for measurement of iron incorporation into erythrocytes was performed 14 days after consumption. The beans used, were produced, through conventional breeding program, by EMBRAPA/Rice and Beans. Results The iron absorption was evaluated by assessing the isotopic enrichment of the stable isotope. Mean iron absorption from the meal with common beans was 0.409% (±0.040%) and mean iron incorporation from the meal with target beans for biofortification 0.407% (±0.038%) and did not differ between the groups. Conclusions This study tested the iron absorption from a single bean meal in healthy volunteers or non anemics, In the present study the iron absorption ratio from common bean Pontal (PO), targeted for biofortification and compared with common bean BRS Estilo was not significantly different. The iron concentration of the TBB, probably was not sufficient to improve higher bioavailability. It is recommended to evaluate the not only the absorption of iron in cultivars that present a higher difference in iron concentration but also in association with other components of the Brazilian diet, such as rice and beans.

Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes are some of the most hazardous constituents found in commercial gasoline samples; therefore, these components must be monitored to avoid toxicological problems. We propose a new routine method of ultrafast gas chromatography coupled to flame ionization detection for the direct determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes in commercial gasoline. This method is based on external standard calibration to quantify each compound, including the validation step of the study of linearity, detection and quantification limits, precision, and accuracy. The time of analysis was less than 3.2 min, with quantitative statements regarding the separation and quantification of all compounds in commercial gasoline samples. Ultrafast gas chromatography is a promising alternative method to official analytical techniques. Government laboratories could consider using this method for quality control.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:29:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-05-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Near infrared spectroscopy (NIR)is a technique capable of rapidly generating rich chemical information. However, many chemical problems are limited to the low sensitivity and selectivity due to the spectral similarity of the components in the sample. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the use of multivariate filters combined with variable selection to optimize analytical parameters of partial least square (PLS)models developed with NIR data. This strategy was applied to 64 spectra of solutions containing ethanol, acetic acid, and lactic acid in 1-octanol. The multivariate filters evaluated were orthogonal signal correction (OSC), generalized least squares weighting (GLSW)and external parameter orthogonalization (EPO). Firstly, the multivariate filters were evaluated using the complete spectra and then with the variables selected by the interval partial least square (iPLS)algorithm. The figures of merit, such as accuracy, precision, linearity, sensitivity, and selectivity were used to evaluate the performance of the models. The PLS models for ethanol, acetic acid and lactic acid prediction showed a reduction of, respectively, 46%, 32% and 74% of RMSEP values after the use of multivariate filters combined with iPLS. The proposed strategy increased the analytical sensitivity and selectivity by up to 25 and 17 times, respectively. Therefore, the use of multivariate filters combined with the selection of variables by iPLS can make PLS models more sensitive, selective, and accurate for NIR data of multicomponent organic solutions. Analytical Chemistry Department Institute of Chemistry São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Francisco Degni 55 Center for Monitoring and Research of the Quality of Fuels Biofuels Crude Oil and Derivatives (Cempeqc) Institute of Chemistry São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Francisco Degni 55 Analytical Chemistry Department Institute of Chemistry São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Francisco Degni 55 Center for Monitoring and Research of the Quality of Fuels Biofuels Crude Oil and Derivatives (Cempeqc) Institute of Chemistry São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Francisco Degni 55

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:56:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01 Fundação para o Desenvolvimento da UNESP (FUNDUNESP) This paper investigates the biodiesel production by subcritical/chemical hydroesterification from crude palm oil. Hydroesterification is the innovation of biodiesel production in two-step: consists of hydrolysis of oil into free fatty acids (FFAs) in subcritical water and subsequent chemical esterification of FFAs into FAMEs (biodiesel). The purpose was to apply the experimental factorial design to evaluate the influence of reaction variables on the effectiveness of hydrolysis and determine the relationship of FFAs and FAMEs yields. Experiments were conducted in a batch reactor under various conditions and the optimal conditions (250 °C, 120 min, 100:1 water:oil molar ratio and 700 rpm) for hydrolysis was determined. The analyses indicated high FFAs yields (86 wt%). Esterification results revealed a conversion of the FFAs in 99.1 wt% of FAMEs in biodiesel production. This study shows that hydroesterification process produces biodiesel with excellent quality as well as traditional alkaline transesterification. UNESP – São Paulo State University Institute of Chemistry Organic Chemistry Department Center for Monitoring and Research of the Quality of Fuels Biofuels Crude Oil and Derivatives – CEMPEQC, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, Quitandinha São Paulo Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology – IFSP – Campus Matão, Rua Estéfano D'avassi, 625, Nova Cidade, Matão UNESP – São Paulo State University Institute of Chemistry Organic Chemistry Department Center for Monitoring and Research of the Quality of Fuels Biofuels Crude Oil and Derivatives – CEMPEQC, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, Quitandinha

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:18:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-06-15 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação para o Desenvolvimento da UNESP (FUNDUNESP) Several physicochemical parameters must be determined in order to verify the quality of commercial biodiesel, and the analysis of total fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) is the main parameter. Therefore, an efficient and alternative analytical method using gas chromatography coupled with ultrafast module is important. This method was developed to quantify FAMEs in biodiesel commercial samples that originated from different feedstock (babaçu, coconut, rapeseed, corn, soybean, animal/palm oil and sunflower). The chromatographic run time is 90 s. When compared with the official methods, we had a much faster one, which provided an analytical frequency of up to 205 samples a day. This analytical method has been validated according to in-house validation parameters, such as linearity, repeatability, reproducibility (intermediate precision) and accuracy. Two analytical curves were prepared, one for determinate long carbon chain FAMEs (C16–C24) and another for short carbon chain FAMEs (C6–C14). The coefficient of determination (which represents the percentage of the data that is closest to the line of best fit) was 0.9992 for the C18 curve (long chain) and the C12 curve (short chain). Repeatability and reproducibility presented a relative standard deviation of 0.75% and 1.68% for the C18 curve and 0.44% and 1.05% for the C12 curve, respectively. The accuracy had a standard error of 0.2 for soybean biodiesel, 0.4 for animal/palm commercial biodiesel and 0.2 for babaçu biodiesel. UNESP – São Paulo State University Institute of Chemistry Center for Monitoring and Research Quality of Fuels Biofuels Petroleum and Derivatives – CEMPEQC, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, Quitandinha IFSP – São Paulo Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology – Campus Matão, Rua Stefano D'Avassi, 625 – Nova Cidade UNESP – São Paulo State University Institute of Chemistry Center for Monitoring and Research Quality of Fuels Biofuels Petroleum and Derivatives – CEMPEQC, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, Quitandinha

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:50:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-03-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) In the last years, the Brazilian Fuel Quality Monitoring Program drastically reduced the number of analyzed fuel samples as consequence of the current economic crisis in the country. The impoverishment of the monitoring program may lead to an increase in cases of gasoline adulteration, nonetheless, it also strengthens the search for faster and less costly methodologies for the fuel quality monitoring. Thus, this study aimed the development of a rapid analytical method to detect the adulteration of gasoline with organic solvents through ultra-fast gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (UFGC-FID) associated with the supervised pattern recognition method, Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). The sample set consisted of 171 Brazilian common gasoline (i.e., with ethanol in its composition) and 171 adulterated gasoline prepared in laboratory using 19 different solvents in the concentration range of 2–10% (v/v). The chromatographic method required only 2.85 min and the chromatograms presented 125 peaks on average. The PLS-DA model was developed with 3 latent variables and provided correlation coefficients close to 0.99 and correct discrimination of 100% of calibration and validation samples. Therefore, the developed UFGC-FID/PLS-DA method provided a sensitive, fast and automated alternative method for the detection of adulterants in the monitoring of gasoline quality. Center for Monitoring and Research of the Quality of Fuels Biofuels Crude Oil and Derivatives (Cempeqc) Institute of Chemistry São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Francisco Degni 55 Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of São Paulo (IFSP), Estéfano D'avassi 625 Center for Monitoring and Research of the Quality of Fuels Biofuels Crude Oil and Derivatives (Cempeqc) Institute of Chemistry São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Francisco Degni 55

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:51:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-02-01 Environmental contamination caused by leakage of fuels and lubricant oils at gas stations is of great concern due to the presence of carcinogenic compounds in the composition of gasoline, diesel, and mineral lubricant oils. Chromatographic methods or non-selective infrared methods are usually used to assess soil contamination, which makes environmental monitoring costly or not appropriate. In this perspective, the present work proposes a methodology to identify the type of contaminant (gasoline, diesel, or lubricant oil) and, subsequently, to quantify the contaminant concentration using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and multivariate methods. Firstly, gasoline, diesel, and lubricating oil samples were acquired from gas stations and analyzed by gas chromatography to determine the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) fractions (gasoline range organics, diesel range organics, and oil range organics). Then, solutions of these contaminants in hexane were prepared in the concentration range of about 5–10,000 mg kg−1. The infrared spectra of the solutions were obtained and used for the development of the pattern recognition model and the calibration models. The partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model could correctly classify 100% of the samples of each type of contaminant and presented selectivity equal to 1.00, which provides a suitable method for the identification of the source of contamination. The PLS regression models were developed using multivariate filters, such as orthogonal signal correction (OSC) and general least square weighting (GLSW), and selection variable by genetic algorithm (GA). The validation of the models resulted in correlation coefficients above 0.96 and root-mean-square error of prediction values below the maximum permissible contamination limit (1000 mg kg−1). The methodology was validated through the addition of fuels and lubricating oil in soil samples and quantification of the TPH fractions through the developed models after the extraction of the analytes by the EPA 3550 method adapted by the authors. The recovery percentage of the analytes was within the acceptance limits of ASTM D7678 (70–130%), except for one sample (69% of recovery). Therefore, the methodology proposed here provides faster and less costly analyses than the chromatographic methods and it is adequate for the environmental monitoring of soil contamination by gas stations. Center for Monitoring and Research of the Quality of Fuels Biofuels Crude Oil and Derivatives (Cempeqc) Institute of Chemistry São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Francisco Degni 55 Center for Monitoring and Research of the Quality of Fuels Biofuels Crude Oil and Derivatives (Cempeqc) Institute of Chemistry São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Francisco Degni 55

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:35:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-01-30 The biohydrogen production from different tropical sludges of biologic treatment plants was investigated in anaerobic batch reactors fed with sucrose in concentrations similar to food wastewaters. The tropical sludges tested were: I—granular sludge from a upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating brewery wastewater; II—facultative anaerobic sludge from sedimentation pond treating domestic sewage; III—granular sludge from UASB reactor treating domestic sewage. The anaerobic batch reactors fed with 2 g L−1 of sucrose at pH 5.5 and 37 °C showed higher production of H2 than all tropical sludges tested. The maximum yield was 2.0 mol H2 mol of sucrose−1. The intermediary products during fermentation were acetic and butyric acids. Therefore, the bioproduction probably followed both the acetic acid and butyric acid route. A wide diversity of hydrogen producing bacteria identified as Clostridium sp., Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus sp. was observed by phylogenetic analysis. Tropical sludges from biologic treatment plants can be applied on biohydrogen production. CEMPEQC - Center for Monitoring and Research of the Quality of Fuels Biofuels Crude Oil and Derivatives Institute of Chemistry Unesp IPBEN – Bioenergy Research Institute Unesp Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation School of Engineering of São Carlos University of São Paulo UNIARA – University of Araraquara CEMPEQC - Center for Monitoring and Research of the Quality of Fuels Biofuels Crude Oil and Derivatives Institute of Chemistry Unesp IPBEN – Bioenergy Research Institute Unesp

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:36:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-01-01 Fundação para o Desenvolvimento da UNESP (FUNDUNESP) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Biohydrogen production is a cheap and clean way to obtain hydrogen gas. In subtropical countries such as Brazil the average temperatures of 27 °C can favor the hydrogen producing bacteria growth. A mixed culture was obtained from a subtropical sludge treating brewery wastewater and anaerobic batch reactors were fed with glucose, sucrose, fructose and xylose in low concentrations (2.0, 5.0 and 10.0 g L−1) at 37 °C, initial pH 5.5 and headspace with N2 (99%) to maintain the anaerobic conditions. The inoculum was a subtropical granulated sludge from UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) reactor treating brewery wastewater. The higher H2 yields were obtained in reactors operated with 2 and 5 g L−1 of fructose and they were 1.5 mol H2 mol−1 of fructose and 1.3 mol H2 mol−1 of sucrose, respectively. The volatile fatty acids (VFA) generated at the end of operation were, predominantly, butyric and acetic acid, indicating the favoring of the metabolic route of hydrogen generation by the consortium of anaerobic bacteria from the brewery wastewater. Biomolecular analyses revealed the predominance of hydrogen producing bacteria from Firmicutes phylum distributed in the families Streptococcaceae, Veillonellaceae and uncultured bacteria. These results confirm future applications of subtropical sludges with agroindustrial wastewaters containing low concentrations of sugars on hydrogen generation. Institute of Chemistry - IQ UNESP, Prof. Francisco Degni 55 Bioenergy Research Institute - IPBEN UNESP Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation School of Engineering of São Carlos University of São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Jd. Santa Angelina Center for Monitoring and Research of the Quality of Fuels Biofuels Crude Oil and Derivatives Institute of Chemistry - CEMPEQC UNESP, Prof. Francisco Degni 55 University of Araraquara, R. Voluntários da Pátria, 1309 Institute of Chemistry - IQ UNESP, Prof. Francisco Degni 55 Bioenergy Research Institute - IPBEN UNESP Center for Monitoring and Research of the Quality of Fuels Biofuels Crude Oil and Derivatives Institute of Chemistry - CEMPEQC UNESP, Prof. Francisco Degni 55 FUNDUNESP: 1001/2003 FAPESP: 2012/01318-01 FAPESP: 2013/03815-5 FAPESP: 2017/11767-1

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:52:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-01-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Quality assessment of diesel fuel is highly necessary for society, but the costs and time spent are very high while using standard methods. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an analytical method capable of simultaneously determining eight diesel quality parameters (density; flash point; total sulfur content; distillation temperatures at 10% (T10), 50% (T50), and 85% (T85) recovery; cetane index; and biodiesel content) through attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and the multivariate regression method, partial least square (PLS). For this purpose, the quality parameters of 409 samples were determined using standard methods, and their spectra were acquired in ranges of 4000-650 cm-1. The use of the multivariate filters, generalized least squares weighting (GLSW) and orthogonal signal correction (OSC), was evaluated to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the models. Likewise, four variable selection approaches were tested: manual exclusion, forward interval PLS (FiPLS), backward interval PLS (BiPLS), and genetic algorithm (GA). The multivariate filters and variables selection algorithms generated more fitted and accurate PLS models. According to the validation, the FTIR/PLS models presented accuracy comparable to the reference methods and, therefore, the proposed method can be applied in the diesel routine monitoring to significantly reduce costs and analysis time. Ctro. Monitoramento Pesquisa Qualidade Combustiveis Biocombustiveis P.D. São Paulo State University (UNESP), R. Prof. Francisco Degni 55 Quitandinha Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP) Campus Matão, Rua Estéfano D'avassi, 625 Nova Cidade Ctro. Monitoramento Pesquisa Qualidade Combustiveis Biocombustiveis P.D. São Paulo State University (UNESP), R. Prof. Francisco Degni 55 Quitandinha

RESUMONutrologia é uma especialidade médica reconhecida no Brasil pela Associação Médica Brasileira e pelas Autoridades da Saúde Brasileira, que estuda as funções dos nutrientesda alimentação na saúde, nas doenças e na prevenção de doenças. A Nutrologia na prática médica clinica estuda também o relevante papel dos nutrientes no diagnostico clínico, funcional, bioquímico e no tratamento farmacológico, alimentar (dietético) de pacientes e na prevenção das doenças nutricionais (nutropatias). Obesidade, aterosclerose, dislipidemias, diabetes tipo 2, hipertensão, certos tipos de câncer, dislipidemias, deficiências de minerais e vitaminas são alguns exemplos de doenças que envolvem primária ou secundariamente distúrbios na ingestão ou metabolismo de nutrientes. Durante o curso dessas doenças ocorrem distúrbios nutricionais característicos, específicos relacionados à ingestão e ao metabolismo de nutrientes e que podem afetar vários ou partes específicas de nosso organismo e devem necessariamente envolver para a sua avaliação médica clínica, diagnostico e tratamento. Não é possível na clinica, em medicina, em nutrologia fazer o tratamento de doenças sem o diagnostico clinico, funcional e bioquímico.Uma avaliação nutrológica completa e especializada, além da historia médica clínica nutricional, incluem dados específicos sobre a alimentação familiar, atual e pregressa do paciente desde o nascimento, exame médico pertinente com ênfase na funçao e fisiopatologia de nutrientes, na transição da saúde para a doença. Ela requer uma série de exames funcionais, bioquímicos, nutrogenétidos/ nutrogenômicos, histológicos e fisiológicos dos nutrientes nos diversos compartimentos do corpo humano. Nesta análise que deve sempre ser personalisada, procura-se integrar os processos de ingestão, absorção e metabolismo dos macro e micro-nutrientes, assim como a utilização, o armazenamento e a eliminação dos vários produtos e metabolismo nutricional em cada paciente. Tambem é fundamental estabelecer-se as propriedades estruturais e funcionais dos nutrientes com ênfase na relação destes com as funções básicas dos órgãos e tecidos do organismo. Este tipo de conhecimento integrado facilita então investigações mais especificas e precisas de repercussões fisiopatológicas que acompanham os distúrbios dos nutrientes e modificam processos biológicos essenciais à vida. O resultado final desta investigação clínica nutrológica permite uma atualização e um desenvolvimento de programas mais eficazes na prevenção e tratamento clínico de nutropatias, individuais e comunitárias, que estão diretamente ou indiretamente ligadas a distúrbios dos processos orgânicos de nutrientes.

Objetivo: Avaliar o grau de conhecimento dos utentes da Unidade de Saúde Familiar Camélias face ao rastreio do cancro da próstata. Tipo de estudo: Estudo observacional transversal. Local: USF Camélias. População: Utentes da USF Camélias, do sexo masculino, entre os 40 e os 74 anos. Métodos: Da população de 3.067 utentes foi selecionada uma amostra aleatória e estratificada de 500 indivíduos. O conhecimento dos utentes sobre o rastreio do cancro da próstata foi avaliado através de um questionário, aplicado mediante entrevista telefónica. Resultados: Dos 308 utentes que aceitaram participar no estudo, 77,9% já tinham ouvido falar do teste prostate specific antigen (PSA) (47,7% pelo seu médico de família). A maioria afirmou que os homens deveriam realizar o teste PSA pelo menos a cada dois anos a partir dos 40-50 anos; contudo, relativamente ao exame do toque retal, uma percentagem de 43,8% não respondeu ou afirmou não conhecer as recomendações. Conclusão: Os utentes desta USF do Grande Porto estão moderadamente informados sobre os métodos de rastreio do cancro da próstata. São necessários mais estudos nesta área, preferencialmente multicêntricos, de forma a poder extrapolar os resultados para a população portuguesa. Objective: To assess patients’ knowledge of prostate cancer screening in a Family Health Unit in the North of Portugal (USF Camélias). Study Design: Cross sectional. Setting: USF Camélias. Population: Male patients between 40 and 75 years old in USF Camélias. Methods: From a population of 3067 males, a stratified random sample of 500 individuals was selected. We assessed patients’ knowledge of prostate cancer screening in a telephone survey. Results: Of the 308 men who completed the survey, 77.9% had heard about prostate specific antigen (PSA) (47.7% from their family doctor). Most stated that men should have a PSA test performed at least every two years starting at 40-50 years of age. Regarding digital rectal examination (DRE), 43.8% did not respond or claimed they did not know the recommendation for the examination. Conclusion: The patients surveyed had a moderate knowledge about prostate cancer screening. In order to better understand knowledge of prostate cancer screening in Portugal, more studies in a wider setting are required.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:33:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-08-10 In recent years, near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been investigated as a tool for monitoring anaerobic digesters, but several adversities in its application have been reported. This study proposes the application of NIR for the determination of alcohols and volatile organic acids from H2 production bioreactors and evaluates different approaches to optimize the prediction models. Partial least squad (PLS) models were developed using samples from anaerobic batch reactors fed with crude glycerol for wastewater treatment. The analytes predicted were: methanol, ethanol, 1-butanol, acetic, propanoic, butyric, isocaproic and total volatile organic acids (VFA). The optimization of the predictive capacity of the models was achieved through the orthogonal signal correction (OSC) preprocessing and the selection of variables performed by the genetic algorithm (GA). The application of the proposed models were based on the following figures of merit: accuracy, precision, linearity, limits of detection and quantitation, measurement interval, sensitivity, selectivity, signal-to-noise ratio and bias. Despite the low selectivity (maximum of 0.12%), the models presented high sensitivity [γ−1 = 0.19 (mg L−1)−1], low LOQ (1 mg L−1) and correlation between reference and predicted values (r) at least 0.93, except for propanoic acid (rpred = 0.85). The F-test revealed that the selection of variables by GA significantly improved the accuracy and linearity of the prediction models for methanol, acetic acid, isocaproic acid and VFA. NIR spectroscopy has proved to be a powerful tool for monitoring H2 production bioreactors since provides fast, low cost and multicomponent information. Center for Monitoring and Research of the Quality of Fuels Biofuels Crude Oil And Derivatives (Cempeqc) Institute of Chemistry São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Francisco Degni 55, Zip Code Biotechnology Department Institute of Chemistry São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Francisco Degni 55, Zip Code Bioenergy Research Institute – IPBEN São Paulo State University (UNESP), Zip Code Center for Monitoring and Research of the Quality of Fuels Biofuels Crude Oil And Derivatives (Cempeqc) Institute of Chemistry São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Francisco Degni 55, Zip Code Biotechnology Department Institute of Chemistry São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Francisco Degni 55, Zip Code Bioenergy Research Institute – IPBEN São Paulo State University (UNESP), Zip Code

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:07:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-02-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) A wide variety of organic residues may be used as energy source such as anaerobic sludge from wastewater treatment systems. However, due to inherent differences in composition, the proper characterization of these biomasses is essential to support their reuse through any conversion process. The aim of this study was the employment of thermal analysis techniques (TG/DTG and DTA) to perform the characterization of anaerobic sludges from different wastewater treatment plants (industrial and municipal), which were further applied for biological production of H2. The different profiles observed through thermal characterization support the application of these residues as inocula, confirming their potential for H2 production, while demonstrating the main causes for the different yields obtained (mol H2 mol−1 sucrose): 0.9 from sludge of brewery industry and 2.0 from sludge of municipal wastewater treatment plant, corresponding to the overall yields of 10.8 and 25%, respectively. These results confirm the versatility of thermal analysis techniques for biomass characterization, focused on its application for power generation. It is urgent to adopt more sustainable and cost-effective solutions for their management, considering a large amount of residues daily generated in both treatment processes addressed; therefore, biohydrogen production by anaerobic digestion may be a promising alternative for the reuse of both residues as it promotes their transformation from costly and potentially polluting waste into clean and renewable energy sources. The development of this anaerobic process is even more attractive in countries as Brazil, where the weather conditions are naturally favorable. Department of Analytical Chemistry Institute of Chemistry of Araraquara UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, CP 355 Center for Monitoring and Research of the Quality of Fuels Biofuels Crude Oil and Derivatives (CEMPEQC) Institute of Chemistry of Araraquara UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, CP 355 Institute of Research on Bioenergy (IPBEN) UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista University Center of Araraquara (UNIARA) Department of Analytical Chemistry Institute of Chemistry of Araraquara UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, CP 355 Center for Monitoring and Research of the Quality of Fuels Biofuels Crude Oil and Derivatives (CEMPEQC) Institute of Chemistry of Araraquara UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, CP 355 Institute of Research on Bioenergy (IPBEN) UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:30:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-01-05 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Hydrogen-producing bacterial strains were isolated from granular sludge from a UASB reactor that treats brewery wastewater. Most of the isolated strains were related to the Enterobacter genus through a phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA sequences. The strains could use various carbon sources (sugars and glycerol) to produce hydrogen. The isolated strain, identified as Enterobacter sp. based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, produced 6.8 mmol H2 L−1culture medium when growing on glucose (2.0 g L−1) in anaerobic conditions at 30 °C. The main liquid metabolites were acetic acid (367 mg L−1), methanol (437 mg L−1) and ethanol (1101.26 mg L−1), after 9 h of fermentation. The maximum hydrogen yield of 0.8 mol H2/mol glucose was observed, indicating that Enterobacter sp. isolated from brewery wastewater was an efficient hydrogen-producing bacterium under mesophilic conditions. IPBEN – Bioenergy Institute UNESP UNIARA – University of Araraquara Département Microbiologie Infectologie et Immunologie Université de Montréal CEMPEQC – Center for Monitoring and Research of the Quality of Fuels Biofuels Crude Oil and Derivatives Institute of Chemistry UNESP USP – University of Sao Paulo Laboratory of Catalysis Biofuel Production Federal University Paraná, Palotina IPBEN – Bioenergy Institute UNESP CEMPEQC – Center for Monitoring and Research of the Quality of Fuels Biofuels Crude Oil and Derivatives Institute of Chemistry UNESP CNPq: 202426/2014-9

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:13:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-01-01 Hydroesterification is innovation biodiesel production using low cost feedstock by two-step: hydrolysis of waste cooking oil to FFAs in subcritical water and chemical esterification of FFAs into FAME (biodiesel) with methanol. The purpose was to apply the experimental factorial design to evaluate the influence of reaction variables on the effectiveness of hydrolysis and determine the relationship of FFAs and FAMEs yields. Experiments were conducted in a batch reactor under diverse reaction conditions to determine the optimal parameters for hydrolysis. This analyses indicated that high FFAs yields (95 wt%) are achieved using 250 °C; 120 min; 100:1 water-to-oil molar ratio and 700 rpm. Research results revealed a conversion the FFAs in 98.5 wt% of FAMEs with high quality by esterification in biodiesel production. This study shows that the biodiesel produced by subcritical/chemical hydroesterification process has similar qualities to the biodiesel obtained by traditional alkaline transesterification, which suggests a promising alternative for biodiesel production. UNESP – São Paulo State University Institute of Chemistry Organic Chemistry Department - Center for Monitoring and Research of the Quality of Fuels Biofuels Crude Oil and Derivatives – CEMPEQC, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, Quitandinha São Paulo Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology – IFSP – Campus Matão, Rua Estéfano D'avassi, 625, Nova Cidade, 15 UNESP – São Paulo State University Institute of Chemistry Organic Chemistry Department - Center for Monitoring and Research of the Quality of Fuels Biofuels Crude Oil and Derivatives – CEMPEQC, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, Quitandinha

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:42:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-11-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação para o Desenvolvimento da UNESP (FUNDUNESP) In the environmental monitoring at gas stations, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX), are determined to verify soil contamination. However, the determination by conventional GC requires a long time of analysis and expensive autosamplers for volatile compounds extraction. Therefore, the present work aimed at the development, validation, and application of ultra-fast chromatographic methods with flame ionization detector (UFGC-FID) capable of determining the TPH fractions (GRO, DRO, and ORO) and BTEX in a faster and less costly way than conventional methods. In addition, sonication extraction methods were developed and validated for two groups of compounds (volatile and semivolatile). The optimum conditions of the extraction methods were obtained through regression models generated from designs of experiment (DOE). The UFGC-FID methods provided determinations in 5 min and presented good linearity (R2 > 0.997), selectivity (Rs > 1.00), sensitivity (γ > 0.02 mg kg− 1), precision (repeatability

The aim of this study was to gather information on the use of stable isotopes to measure total body water and body composition scan in children. We selected studies in the last 13 years, in addition to classical studies on the subject, indexed in the database PubMed, LILACS, BVS and SciELO. The body composition was characterized by the amount of bone tissue, muscle and adipose tissue, also including the organs as well as levels of body water. Your knowledge becomes increasingly important in light of the changes that occur in the nutritional status of various types of diseases in frameworks, such as diabetes mellitus, protein energy malnutrition, in cases of obesity and metabolic syndrome. The ability to accurately assess body fat mass especially in children is associated with the importance of effective strategies for prevention and treatment of childhood obesity. Historically, in addition to clinical applications, measurements of total body water were used to determine body composition in nutritional studies. To the knowledge of the body composition, the body water can be measured and used by the ingestion of a dose of labeled water. The measured isotope enrichment is a function of the amount of body water. The method of deuterium is particularly interesting for the assessment of body composition in children, due to its characteristics of collection and analysis.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:29:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-09-07 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) This study evaluated the potential bioconversion of crude glycerol from biodiesel production, applying used cooking oil for biohydrogen production by fermentative bacteria consortia. The pretreatment of crude glycerol was made by pH adjustment. Heat treatment of the inocula and initial pH 5.5 were applied to select hydrogen-producing bacteria and inactivate hydrogen-consumers microorganisms. The inocula tested were: (I) granular sludge from the thermophilic UASB reactor used on the treatment of vinasse and (II) granular sludge from the UASB reactor used on the treatment of sanitary sludge for the assays (1) and (2), respectively. The characterization of crude glycerol presented high levels of alkalinity, methanol and soap that may be inhibitory to biologic processes of H2 production. The assays were carried in anaerobic batch reactors in order to verify the efficiencies of crude glycerol to H2 generations by the microbial consortia (20%) at 37 °C, initial pH 5.5, with 20.0 g COD L−1 glycerol. The cumulative production of hydrogen for the assays (1) and (2) were, respectively, (mmol H2 L−1) 28.49 ± 1.55 and 19.14 ± 1.67. The subsequent yields were obtained as follows: 2.2 moL H2 mol−1 glycerol and 1.1 moL H2 mol−1 glycerol, respectively. The used cooking oil was an efficient waste for bioconversion of crude glycerol to H2 production. Institute of Chemistry - IQ UNESP, Prof. Francisco Degni 55, Zip Code 14800-060 Center for Monitoring and Research of the Quality of Fuels Biofuels Crude Oil and Derivatives Institute of Chemistry - CEMPEQC UNESP, Prof. Francisco Degni 55, Zip Code 14800-060 Bioenergy Research Institute - IPBEN UNESP University Center of Araraquara, R. Voluntários da Pátria, 1309, Zip Code 14801-320 Institute of Chemistry - IQ UNESP, Prof. Francisco Degni 55, Zip Code 14800-060 Center for Monitoring and Research of the Quality of Fuels Biofuels Crude Oil and Derivatives Institute of Chemistry - CEMPEQC UNESP, Prof. Francisco Degni 55, Zip Code 14800-060 Bioenergy Research Institute - IPBEN UNESP

Strontium zirconate oxide was synthesized by co-precipitation and the citrate route and was evaluated as a heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production. The catalyst samples were characterized by XRD, FTIR, and TG, and catalytic activity was measured based on the ester content of the biodiesel produced that was quantified by GC. The co-precipitate samples were obtained in alkaline pH and had a mixture of the perovskite and pure strontium and zirconium oxide phases. Ester conversion using these samples was approximately 1.6%, indicating no catalytic activity. The citrate route was more efficient in producing perovskite when carried out at pH 7–8; excess SrCO 3 was found on the catalyst surface due to CO 2 adsorption, thus demonstrating no catalytic activity. The same synthesis carried out at pH 2 resulted in free OH − groups, with a small amount of the carbonate species that produced ester yield values of 98%. Therefore, matrices based on strontium zirconate produced via the citrate route in acidic media are potential heterogeneous catalysts for transesterification.

Brazilian commercial gasoline follows a rigid quality control, regulated by Brazilian Government Petroleum, Natural Gas, and Biofuels Agency, ANP, following international analytical protocols, such as ASTM and ABNT, covered by Regulation ANP No. 309. Each property is a complicated function of the gasoline chemical composition, which would be represented by diverse types of mathematical correlations. However, these correlations are not adjusted to Brazilian gasoline, whose chemical composition is modified by anhydrous ethanol addition. The purpose of this work is to find correlations, using partial least-squares (PLS) regressions, between 13C NMR Brazilian gasoline fingerprintings and several physicochemical parameters, such as relative density, distillation curve (temperatures related to 10, 50, and 90% of distilled volume, final boiling point and residue), octane numbers (motor and research octane number and antiknock index), hydrocarbon compositions (olefins, aromatics, and saturated) and anhydrous etha...

Brazilian commercial gasoline follows a rigid quality control, covered by Regulation ANP 309 and following international analytical protocols, such as ASTM and ABNT. Each property is a complicated function of the gasoline chemical composition, which would be represented by diverse types of mathematical correlations. However, these correlations are not adjusted to Brazilian gasoline, whose chemical composition is modified by anhydrous ethanol addition. The purpose of this work is to find correlations using PLS regressions, between 1 H NMR Brazilian gasoline fingerprintings and physicochemical parameters, such as relative density, distillation curve, octane numbers, hydrocarbons compositions (olefins, aromatics and saturated) and anhydrous ethanol and benzene. One hundred and fifty representative gasoline samples, collected randomly from different gas stations, were analyzed following ASTM/ABNT analytical protocols. All 1 H NMR spectroscopic fingerprintings, reported in parts per million (ppm) relative to residual proton signals of CDCl 3 at 7.24 ppm, were acquired on a Varian INOVA spectrometer 500 MHz. FIDs were zero filled and Fourier transformed. Data matrix, composed by 1 H NMR chemical shifts and physicochemical parameters, was constructed and imported into Pirouette® 3.11 software for PLS regression. 1 H NMR fingerprinting of 100 gasoline samples were employed in the training set and 50 samples formed the prediction set. RMSEC and RMSEP were the parameters considered to select the “best model”. 1 H NMR-PLS models results in good prediction capability when compared to repeatability and reproducibility of ASTM/ABNT analytical protocols. 1 H NMR-PLS multivariate regressions supplies an alternative analytical procedure for commercial automotive gasoline quality control.

In this study three industrial strains were inoculated into natural sugar cane juice containing 22, 30 and 35% (w/v) sucrose supplemented with nitrogen sources with differing structural complexities, which varied from a single ammonium salt (ammonium sulphate) to peptides (peptone), under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. At 30 °C, in shaken cultures, it was found that efficient sucrose utilization occurred only in media supplemented with a nitrogen source. In general, under agitation, supplementation with peptone led to more efficient fermentation compared with ammonium sulphate supplementation, with higher biomass accumulation and maintenance of cell viability. In a 35% (w/v) sucrose fermentation, under conditions with an inoculation of low cell density, nitrogen supplementation was required to obtain complete sucrose utilization, suggesting the possibility of producing wines with higher amounts of ethanol under working conditions that approach the limit of yeast alcohol tolerance. The results in this study have industrial relevance and they indicate that, under appropriate environmental and nutritional conditions, the commercial Brazilian yeast strains studied can efficiently use sugar, with high cell viability, even during very high gravity sucrose fermentation conditions. Copyright © 2012 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling

From a Nutrology point of view, type 2 diabetes is a multi-factorial form of clinical “malnutrition” resulting from the intake of an imbalanced diet in combination with adverse environmental conditions and in the presence of predisposing genetic factors. In this review article, we present evidence of a close association between clinical obesity in a specific genetic background as the pillars of the process underlying the development of type 2 diabetes. We review the basics of the energy balance and the role of fat storage and body distribution in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. We describe some molecular aspects of nutrients under normal physiology and during the metabolic and hormonal abnormalities that accompany type 2 diabetes. We conclude with a brief discussion of the principles behind popular dietary recommendations aimed at preventing the full development of diabetes mellitus and its complications.

Objectives The objectives of this study were to evaluate pH, available chlorine content, and antibacterial activity of endodontic irrigants and their combinations. Study design The pH and chlorine content of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) were analyzed pure and in combination with 10% citric acid (CA) and apple vinegar (AV). The antibacterial effect of the following solutions was measured by direct contact test against Enterococcus faecalis: 2.5% NaOCl, 2.5% NaOCl +10% CA (7:3), 2.5% NaOCl + AV (5:5), 10% CA, and AV. Sterile saline was used as control. The colony-forming units were determined by serial decimal dilutions. Results The combination of 2.5% NaOCl with CA or AV lowered the pH and the chlorine content. NaOCl, alone or in combination was able to eliminate E. faecalis in 30 seconds, and CA, after 10 minutes. AV promoted reduction (32.2%) after 10 minutes. Conclusions NaOCl with acidic solutions lowered the pH and the chlorine content, but did not alter its antibacterial effect.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:57:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-695X2011000300017.pdf: 711209 bytes, checksum: 0aadb2d1954d80955d44caa2f22460cf (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:57:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-695X2011000300017.pdf: 711209 bytes, checksum: 0aadb2d1954d80955d44caa2f22460cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:52:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-695X2011000300017.pdf: 711209 bytes, checksum: 0aadb2d1954d80955d44caa2f22460cf (MD5) S0102-695X2011000300017.pdf.txt: 34706 bytes, checksum: 4337f4bc24090c2d237bfc215fac6eee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T14:19:55Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-695X2011000300017.pdf: 711209 bytes, checksum: 0aadb2d1954d80955d44caa2f22460cf (MD5) S0102-695X2011000300017.pdf.txt: 34706 bytes, checksum: 4337f4bc24090c2d237bfc215fac6eee (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T14:19:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-695X2011000300017.pdf: 711209 bytes, checksum: 0aadb2d1954d80955d44caa2f22460cf (MD5) S0102-695X2011000300017.pdf.txt: 34706 bytes, checksum: 4337f4bc24090c2d237bfc215fac6eee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-01 Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (FUNDECT) Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP) Cytotoxic activity of eight plant extracts, native from the Mid-West of Brazil comprising Cerrado, Pantanal and semideciduous forest, was evaluated for MDA-MB-435, SF-295, and HCT-8 cancer cell strains. A single 100 µg.mL-1 dose of each extract was employed with 72 h of incubation for all tests. Doxorubicin (1 µg.mL-1) was used as the positive control and the MTT method was used to detect the activity. Cytotoxicity of distinct polarities was observed in thirty extracts (46%), from different parts of the following species: Tabebuia heptaphylla (Vell.) Toledo, Bignoniaceae, Tapirira guianensis Aubl., Anacardiaceae, Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão, Anacardiaceae, Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, Anacardiaceae, Gomphrena elegans Mart., Amaranthaceae, Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng., Arecaceae, Eugenia uniflora L., Myrtaceae, and Annona dioica A. St.-Hil., Annonaceae. Extracts of at least two tested cell strains were considered to be highly active since their inhibition rate was over 75%. Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Química Fundação Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul Laboratório de Bioquímica Vegetal Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) Laboratório de Oncologia Experimental Fundação Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul Departamento de Química Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo Campus de Sertãozinho Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Química

Samples of commercial gasoline, from the National Program of Fuel Quality Monitoring of the National Petroleum Agency, were collected from gas stations located in the Midwestern state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, and analyzed by several physicochemical standard methods established by ANP Resolution no. 309. Also, important information related to tampering was analyzed with the marker solvent. Statistical analysis and exploratory chemometric were employed to discriminate the presence of markers of solvents in commercial gasoline. The results showed that statistical and chemometric parameters such as atmospheric distillation temperatures T10 and T90, RON, benzene and saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons satisfactorily describe the presence of marker solvent, usually with a probability exceeding 70%. Furthermore, after optimizing the SIMCA algorithm, sensitivity in the training set with cross-validation leave-one-out (83.8%) and the set of prediction (77.1%) were revealed. The proposed method will become indispensable and recommended for discriminating samples of fuels for commercial applications in routine monitoring programs and quality control. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

In this work, the combination of carbon nuclear magnetic resonance ((13)C NMR) fingerprinting with pattern-recognition analyses provides an original and alternative approach to screening commercial gasoline quality. Soft Independent Modelling of Class Analogy (SIMCA) was performed on spectroscopic fingerprints to classify representative commercial gasoline samples, which were selected by Hierarchical Cluster Analyses (HCA) over several months in retails services of gas stations, into previously quality-defined classes. Following optimized (13)C NMR-SIMCA algorithm, sensitivity values were obtained in the training set (99.0%), with leave-one-out cross-validation, and external prediction set (92.0%). Governmental laboratories could employ this method as a rapid screening analysis to discourage adulteration practices.

This article presents data on the fortification of foods, necessary as an important public health approach for the success in reducing anemia. The use of food vehicles, iron salts and their costs, as well as recent work on iron fortification of foods in Brazil are reviewed. Recent research serves as a cornerstone for countries that attempt to implement permanent, long-lasting iron fortification programs aimed at the prevention of anemia considering cultural habits, type of iron salts and at-risk groups.

Because short bowel syndrome is associated with iron deficiency, the objective of the present study was to monitor ferremia after the ingestion of different iron compounds and doses in enterectomized patients.This was a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study conducted in 13 patients of both sexes in the metabolic unit of Hospital das Clínicas de Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-Universídade de São Paulo and was divided into two stages. Three different iron compounds, ferrous sulfate (FS), sodium iron ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA), and dehydrated cell fraction (DCF), were studied. The patients were randomly assigned to one of four groups receiving high-dose DCF (120mg) and low-dose DCF (5mg) and the two iron compounds. The subjects (n=7) receiving high-dose DCF participated in 2 test days. All patients receiving the physiologic dose (low-dose DCF, n=6) participated in 3 test days with a 1-mo interval between compounds. After an 8-h fast, blood samples were collected at 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2h. Serum iron curve and the sum of the area under the curve were calculated and adjusted according to a mixed-effect linear model (P0.05).Serum FS levels were higher in the 120-mg group compared with the others (P0.005). The mean areas under the curve for FS and EDTA at the doses of 120 and 5mg of elemental iron were 238, 224, 177, and 153 microg/dL, respectively. The mean area under the curve for DCF was 165 microg/dL, with no significant difference between groups.Regardless of dose, FS was the compound that resulted in higher ferremia compared with the other doses and compounds.

ASTM D6729 gas chromatographic fingerprinting coupled to pattern-recognition multivariate soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) chemometric analysis provides an original and alternative approach to screening Brazilian commercial gasoline quality. SIMCA, was performed on gas chromatographic fingerprints to classify the quality of representative commercial gasoline samples selected by hierarchical cluster analysis and collected over a 5 month period from gas stations in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Following an optimized ASTM D6729 gas chromatographic-SIMCA algorithm, it was possible to correctly classify the majority of commercial gasoline samples. The method could be employed for rapid monitoring to discourage adulteration.

In this work, the combination of hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) fingerprinting of gasoline with pattern-recognition analyses provides an approach to distinguish Brazilian commercial g...

It has been demonstrated that glutamine, a conditionally essential amino acid, improves nitrogen balance, acts as a stimulant of protein synthesis, and decreases proteolysis in myopathic children. In contrast, other studies have shown no beneficial effect of glutamine supplementation on burn victims or critically ill patients. Nonetheless, we hypothesized that glutamine supplementation would increase the fractional protein synthesis rate (FSR) in the jejunal mucosa of malnourished male Wistar rats. Thus, the objective of the present study was to test the effect of daily oral glutamine supplementation (0.42 g kg(-1) d(-1) for 14 days) on the FSR of the jejunal mucosa of healthy and malnourished rats. A 4-hour kinetic study with l-[1-(13)C]leucine was subsequently performed, and jejunal biopsies were obtained 1.5 cm from the Treitz angle and analyzed. Malnourished rats showed a 25% weight loss and increased urinary nitrogen excretion. Plasma amino acid concentration did not differ between groups. (13)C enrichment in plasma and jejunal cells was higher in the malnourished groups than in the healthy group. The FSR (percent per hour) was similar for the control and experimental groups (P > .05), with a mean range of 22%/h to 27%/h. Oral glutamine supplementation alone did not induce higher protein incorporation by the jejunal mucosa in malnourished rats, regardless of total food intake or the presence or absence of glutamine supplementation.

Visando novas alternativas para atenuar os problemas de Saúde Pública devido à severidade da carência de iodo na população, propomos verificar alterações físico-químicas e sensoriais da água potável clorada fortificada com dois diferentes sais de iodo, sendo esses iodeto (KI) e iodato de potássio (KIO3). Na avaliação Físico-química utilizaram-se os parâmetros de Cor, Turbidez, Condutividade e pH. A água adicionada de iodo foi comparada com a água potável clorada (0,5mg/L de cloro), pelos testes Triangular de Diferença e Pareado de Preferência. Foram preparadas soluções contendo 100, 200, 300, 400, 500μg/L de KI e 500, 1000, 2000μg/L de KIO3. O painel sensorial foi formado com 30 a 52 julgadores. As alterações físico-químicas estavam adequadas com os valores de referência vigente. Diferenças sensoriais foram observadas entre a água potável clorada (controle) e as soluções de KI nas concentrações de 500, 400 e 200μg/L, obtendo-se preferência pela água potável clorada (p < 0,05). Para as soluções de KIO3 e o controle, não foi observada diferença significativa. A fortificação da água potável com sais de iodo não altera as características Físico-químicas e sensoriais quando se utiliza concentração de KI inferior a 200μg/L e inferior a 2000μg/L de iodo mediante o emprego de KIO3.