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The objectives of this prospective, experimental study were to describe changes in the stiffness of the equine superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) after induced injury, deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT), accessory ligament (AL-DDFT), and suspensory ligament (SL) during 90 days of healing using acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography. Eight healthy horses were selected. Preinjury B mode and ARFI evaluations were performed bilaterally in the palmar metacarpal region. Injury was induced only on the left forelimb (G2) by a single injection of collagenase in SDFT, 15 cm distal to the accessory carpal bone. The right forelimb was used as a control (G1). Evaluations were performed at eight timepoints: one before injury (T0) and seven (T1-T7) after injury (3, 15, 30, 40, 60, 75, and 90 days post-induction). Tendinopathies were visualized as hypoechoic areas with loss of parallel tendon fiber pattern. Injured SDFTs presented mainly cool colors (soft) from T1 to T3, and from T4, there was an increase in warm colors (hard), close to the appearance of tendons of G1. In the first four timepoints, there was a decrease in stiffness compared to G1 (P0.001). On T1 and T2, a cutoff value6.21 m/s to determine tendinopathy of the SDFT was established (75.8% sensitivity and 92.03% specificity). Stiffness changes in the DDFT, AL-DDFT, and SL of injured limbs occurred at different timepoints. Tendinopathy significantly altered the stiffness of the injured tendon and the adjacent tissues. ARFI made it possible to detect these changes, helping to monitor the reparation of this injury.

During exercise, equines can suffer severe water and electrolyte imbalances depending on the intensity and duration. In this sense, conditioning aims to promote adaptations to the organism in order to maintain cardiovascular and thermoregulatory stability during exertion. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of conditioning guided by lactate minimum speed (LMS) test on the blood osmolality of horses. We hypothesized that after conditioning the blood osmolality would vary less during exercise and that LMS could be used in equine conditioning program. Ten Arabian horses were evaluated before (ET 1) and after (ET 2) 6 weeks of conditioning. The conditioning intensity was established from the LMS during ET 1. The blood was obtained at rest and during the ETs. An increase in LMS and a decrease in lactate were seen in individual horses; however, these differences were not significant at a group level. No change in blood osmolality was observed when comparing the ETs. The plasma volume remained unchanged in ET 2. The conditioning guided by LMS improved the animals' fitness, which was evidenced by the lower lactate production in ET 2. The fact that the osmolality kept unchanged proves the effectiveness of the osmotic blood balance during exercise, as its control involves the interaction of different systems. Body adaptations occurred with conditioning, providing greater homeostasis control since the plasma volume remained stable in ET 2. It was concluded that the LMS test can be used to define an effective equine conditioning program even though some adjustments are still necessary.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-02T18:17:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-03-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Hemostatic alterations are common abnormalities in horses with acute abdomen in critical condition. However, there are few studies regarding hemostatic alterations in horses with acute abdomen and medically treated. This study aimed to evaluate the hemostatic and hematological profiles of horses with large colon impaction of natural occurrence and medically treated. For this, ten horses with large colon impaction formed the sick group (SG), and these animals were evaluated at the presentation (T0) and every 24 h for 3 days (T24, T48, and T72). The control group (CG) was composed of ten healthy horses evaluated at the same moments of SG horses (T0–T72). Erythrocyte, leukocyte and platelet parameters, total plasma protein (TPP), fibrinogen, prothrombin time (PT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were analyzed. Significant changes have been found in hemoglobin, RDW, leukocytes total, segmented neutrophils, monocytes, fibrinogen, PT, and APTT parameters. We can conclude that erythrogram and TPP concentration allowed to infer that animals did not have anemia or dehydration; white blood cell alterations were consistent to stress due to the obstruction, pain, and inflammatory process at the site of obstruction. Platelet count showed no abnormalities and fibrinogen level was higher at the initial moments. PT and APTT were altered until 48 h of admission. Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences São Paulo State University Department of Exact Sciences Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences São Paulo State University Veterinary Medicine course Moura Lacerda University Center Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences São Paulo State University Department of Exact Sciences Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences São Paulo State University

Because of the high incidence of thromboembolic diseases in humans, experimental models of thrombosis have been widely developed in different animal species. The pathogenesis of thrombosis is associated with three components, first outlined by Virchow in 1856: vessel injury, stasis, and hypercoagulability. Based on this concept, the purpose of the present investigation was to create an innovative model of jugular thrombophlebitis in horses that included components of Virchow's triad and excluded surgical procedures. Eighteen horses were subjected to blood vessel injury through the coadministration of sclerosing agents (glucose and ethanolamine oleate) and transitory occlusion of the jugular flow by manual compression. Thrombus formation was followed by ultrasonography imaging, and all horses developed jugular thrombophlebitis, showing that the proposed model was effective. Once occlusive thrombophlebitis was induced, jugular venous pressure cranial to the lesion was evaluated and yielded increased values, suggesting cephalic hypertension. Biochemical tests were performed to verify hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity after the ethanolamine injection, but no abnormalities were observed. Five horses were then euthanized to evaluate the vascular, hepatic, and renal tissues. The jugular vein wall had increased thickness, inflammatory cell influx, endothelial destruction, and thrombus firmly adhered to the vessel intima. Histological evaluation of the hepatic and renal tissues was normal. The present thrombophlebitis model in the jugular vein of the horse is simple and reproducible, providing a useful tool for investigating acute and chronic venous thrombosis because the model allows evaluation of different aspects of the prevention, pathogenesis, and treatment of this disease.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:28:27Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:28:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-02-18 The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the effects of unilateral and bilateral jugular vein occlusion by temporary surgical ligature on the heart rate and arterial and venous blood pressure in sedentary horses during progressive treadmill exercise. Six horses performed three exercise tests (ET). ET1, considered the control, was performed in horses without jugular occlusions. ET2 and ET3 were performed with unilateral and bilateral occlusion by temporary surgical ligature of the jugular veins, respectively. Heart rate, arterial pressure, and pressure of the occluded jugular vein were evaluated. Clinically, the horses presented apathy, head edema, congested mucous membranes, increased capillary refill time, and dysphagia. These signs were observed with the unilateral jugular vein occlusion and became more evident with the bilateral occlusion. Comparing ETs, no differences were observed in heart rate. However, jugular occlusions promoted a decrease in the mean arterial pressure and a severe increase in jugular pressure. Head edema caused by the jugular vein occlusion in the horses could interfere with the autonomic cardiovascular regulation of arterial blood pressure during exercise, likely leading to an impairment of tissue perfusion. Jugular occlusion, even unilateral, also causes severe head venous congestion, leading to venous hypertension that was aggravated by exercise, which could risk development of cerebral edema and neurological damage. The present results obtained from sedentary horses are preliminary data that lead us to suggest that sport horses presenting jugular occlusive thrombophlebitis, even unilateral, may be prevented from performing athletic activities. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The purpose of this investigation was to demonstrate the feasibility of a biopsy technique by performing serial evaluations of tissue samples of the forelimb superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) in healthy horses and in horses subjected to superficial digital flexor tendonitis induction. Eight adult horses were evaluated in two different phases (P), control (P1) and tendonitis-induced (P2). At P1, the horses were subjected to five SDFT biopsies of the left forelimb, with 24 hours (h) of interval. Clinical and ultrasonographic (US) examinations were performed immediately before the tendonitis induction, 24 and 48 h after the procedure. The biopsied tendon tissues were analyzed through histology. P2 evaluations were carried out three months later, when the same horses were subjected to tendonitis induction by injection of bacterial collagenase into the right forelimb SDFT. P2 clinical and US evaluations, and SDFT biopsies were performed before, and after injury induction at the following time intervals: after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, and after 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days. The biopsy technique has proven to be easy and quick to perform and yielded good tendon samples for histological evaluation. At P1 the horses did not show signs of localised inflammation, pain or lameness, neither SDFT US alterations after biopsies, showing that the biopsy procedure per se did not risk tendon integrity. Therefore, this procedure is feasible for routine tendon histological evaluations. The P2 findings demonstrate a relation between the US and histology evaluations concerning induced tendonitis evolution. However, the clinical signs of tendonitis poorly reflected the microscopic tissue condition, indicating that clinical presentation is not a reliable parameter for monitoring injury development. The presented method of biopsying SDFT tissue in horses enables the serial collection of material for histological analysis causing no clinical signs and tendon damage seen by US images. Therefore, this technique allows tendonitis to be monitored and can be considered an excellent tool in protocols for evaluating SDFT injury. Objetivou-se demonstrar a viabilidade de uma técnica de biópsia na realização de avaliações sequenciais de amostras de tecido do tendão flexor digital superficial (TFDS) do membro torácico, em equinos hígidos e em equinos submetidos à indução de tendinite do TFDS. Oito equinos adultos foram avaliados em duas fases (F) diferentes, controle (F1) e apresentando tendinite induzida (F2). Na F1, os equinos foram submetidos a cinco biópsias do TFDS do membro torácico esquerdo, com 24 horas (h) de intervalo entre as mesmas. Avaliações clínicas e ultrassonográficas (US) foram realizadas imediatamente antes e, 24 e 48 h após cada procedimento. O tecido tendíneo coletado por biópsia foi analisado histologicamente. A F2 ocorreu três meses depois, quando os mesmos equinos foram submetidos à indução de tendinite do TFDS do membro torácico direito por injeção intratendínea de colagenase. Na P2, Avaliações clínicas e US foram realizadas antes da indução da tendinite e após a mesma nos seguintes momentos: 24, 48, 72 e 96 h depois e, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 e 150 dias depois. A técnica de biópsia se demonstrou ser de fácil e rápida realização, fornecendo fragmentos de tecido tendíneo adequados para a realização de histologia. Na F1, os equinos não demonstraram sinais de inflamação local, dor ou claudicação, bem como não apresentaram alterações na avaliação US do TFDS após as biópsias, demonstrando que o dano físico ao tendão provocado pela biópsia não compromete sua integridade. Assim, o procedimento pode ser utilizado rotineiramente para avaliações histológicas do tecido tendíneo. Na F2, observou-se uma relação entre os achados US e histológicos no que se refere à evolução da tendinite induzida. Entretanto, observou-se que os sinais clínicos da tendinite não acompanham a condição microscópica do tecido, o que indica que a apresentação clínica não pode ser utilizada como parâmetro para a monitoração da evolução da enfermidade. A técnica de biópsia apresentada para colheita de tecido do TFDS em equinos, permite a obtenção de tecido para avaliação histológica seriada sem provocar sinais clínicos e alterações ultrassonográficas que indiquem dano tecidual. Assim, a técnica permite a monitoração da tendinite e pode ser considerada uma excelente ferramenta na avaliação de injúrias do TFDS.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:51:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-736X2012001000009.pdf: 125333 bytes, checksum: 2acfe92f0cdc7ba3fe4743da658ebf66 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:51:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-736X2012001000009.pdf: 125333 bytes, checksum: 2acfe92f0cdc7ba3fe4743da658ebf66 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T17:55:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-736X2012001000009.pdf: 125333 bytes, checksum: 2acfe92f0cdc7ba3fe4743da658ebf66 (MD5) S0100-736X2012001000009.pdf.txt: 18722 bytes, checksum: e5c39dda362c434e757e1f95bfed1a6a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:14:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-736X2012001000009.pdf: 125333 bytes, checksum: 2acfe92f0cdc7ba3fe4743da658ebf66 (MD5) S0100-736X2012001000009.pdf.txt: 18722 bytes, checksum: e5c39dda362c434e757e1f95bfed1a6a (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:14:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-736X2012001000009.pdf: 125333 bytes, checksum: 2acfe92f0cdc7ba3fe4743da658ebf66 (MD5) S0100-736X2012001000009.pdf.txt: 18722 bytes, checksum: e5c39dda362c434e757e1f95bfed1a6a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-01 O ferrageamento corretivo é um método comumente ma Dvideow. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. No utilizado para alterar o padrão do andamento dos animais, presente estudo, não houve diferença significativa entre os assim como na terapêutica de diversas afecções do siste-dias avaliados, a elevação em seis graus da pinça ou talões ma locomotor dos equinos. No entanto, não existem, até não gerou desconforto durante a passada, portanto, os ani o momento, estudos científicos que revelem o período de mais podem retornar às atividades regulares de exercício e adaptação do andamento dos animais a este tipo de in-treinamento imediatamente após o ferrageamento. tervenção.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o período de adaptação à ferraduras com elevação em seis graus da pinça ou talões em equinos caminhando em esteira rolante. O período de adaptação à ferradura foi avaliado nos tempos 0, 48 e 96 horas após cada tipo de ferrageamento proposto. Os animais foram gravados caminhando em esteira rolante. O comprimento da passada e a análise qualitativa do andamento foram realizados com o auxílio do programa Dvideow. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. No presente estudo, não houve diferença significativa entre os dias avaliados, a elevação em seis graus da pinça ou talões não gerou desconforto durante a passada, portanto, os animais podem retornar às atividades regulares de exercício e treinamento imediatamente após o ferrageamento. Corrective shoeing is a method commonly used to alter the locomotion pattern in animals or as therapy for various disorders of the locomotive system of horses. However, to date, there have been no scientific studies discussing the period during which animals adapt to this type of intervention. The goal of this study was to evaluate the horseshoe adaptation period with the toe or heel elevated by six degrees at 0, 48, and 96 hours after each type of shoeing. For this analysis, the horses were recorded while walking on a treadmill. Stride length and gait qualitative analyzes were performed using Dvideow software. The level of significance adopted was 5%. In the present study, there was no significant difference between the evaluation times; elevating the toe or heel by six degrees do not generates discomfort during locomotion, therefore, horses are able to return to a regular exercise or training routine immediately after shoeing. Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Dr. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, FCAV-Unesp, Jaboticabal, SP Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Dr. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, FCAV-Unesp, Jaboticabal, SP

Descreve-se um caso de anaplasmose congênita em uma bezerra da raça Nelore nascida no município de Orlândia, São Paulo. O animal apresentava, desde o nascimento, extrema apatia, decúbito lateral permanente, desidratação, inapetência e icterícia. A mãe da bezerra apresentou emagrecimento importante durante a gestação. O resultado do hematócrito, realizado no laboratório da propriedade, indicou anemia. O animal veio a óbito quatro dias após seu nascimento e, à necropsia, apresentou icterícia severa generalizada, carcaça desidratada, hepatomegalia e pulmões com áreas de consolidação, de consistência carnosa, principalmente na parte ventral dos lobos pulmonares. O exame do esfregaço sanguíneo revelou que 70% das hemácias da bezerra estavam parasitadas pelo Anaplasma marginale. Considerando-se a sintomatologia e os achados necroscópicos, a elevada parasitemia apresentada, o prolongado período de incubação do agente e o emagrecimento da vaca gestante, possivelmente devido à manifestação aguda da doença, conclui-se que este foi um caso de transmissão transplacentária de Anaplasma marginale.

Changes in venous blood pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO-3 and cBase, and in serum concentrations of sodium, potassium, ionized calcium and chloride were studied in eight Arabian horses during endurance ride of 60km, with controlled speed of 12km/h-. The blood samples were collected prior to the beginning (M0) of the exercise, immediately after the ride (M1) and one hour after the ride (M2), with the animals resting. Immediately after the end of the exercise (M1) the animals presented higher values for pH which, added to the increase of cHCO3- and cBase, characterized the metabolic alkalosis, probably due to losses of chloride ions in the sweat. The metabolic changes observed in M1 were quickly corrected by respiratory changes, characterized by increased pCO2 or hypoventilation. Additionally, the horses presented dehydration, hypocalcemia and hypokalemia. The metabolic disturbances observed were not associated with clinical changes.KEY WORDS: Acid-base, electrolytes, endurance, equine Avaliaram-se as alterações do pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO-3 e da cBase do sangue venoso e das concentrações séricas de sódio, potássio, cálcio ionizado e cloreto de oito cavalos adultos da raça Árabe, durante prova de enduro de 60 km de extensão, com velocidade média de 12km h-1. As amostras de sangue foram coletadas antes do início da prova (M0), imediatamente após o seu término (M1) e sessenta minutos após a realização da prova (M2), com os animais já em repouso. Imediatamente após o término do exercício (M1), os animais apresentaram aumento nos valores do pH o qual, associado ao aumento da cHCO3- e da cBase, caracterizou a alcalose metabólica, que teve como provável origem a perda de cloro no suor. As alterações metabólicas observadas no M1 foram rapidamente corrigidas por modificações respiratórias, caracterizadas pelo aumento da pCO2 ou hipoventilação. Adicionalmente, apresentaram desidratação, hipocalemia e hipocalcemia. Não se associaram os distúrbios hemogasométricos e bioquímico-séricos observados a alterações clínicas.PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Áido-base, eletrólitos, enduro, equino.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:59:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84782006000200022.pdf: 63746 bytes, checksum: 0f132d099f0a37a3723f725398d1a696 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:59:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84782006000200022.pdf: 63746 bytes, checksum: 0f132d099f0a37a3723f725398d1a696 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-04-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:56:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782006000200022.pdf: 63746 bytes, checksum: 0f132d099f0a37a3723f725398d1a696 (MD5) S0103-84782006000200022.pdf.txt: 19826 bytes, checksum: 94ebcecc5a456ffa11cad06a20c51521 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-04-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:14:00Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782006000200022.pdf: 63746 bytes, checksum: 0f132d099f0a37a3723f725398d1a696 (MD5) S0103-84782006000200022.pdf.txt: 19826 bytes, checksum: 94ebcecc5a456ffa11cad06a20c51521 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:14:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782006000200022.pdf: 63746 bytes, checksum: 0f132d099f0a37a3723f725398d1a696 (MD5) S0103-84782006000200022.pdf.txt: 19826 bytes, checksum: 94ebcecc5a456ffa11cad06a20c51521 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-04-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Colheu-se sangue de 13 eqüinos competindo na prova de Fundo do Concurso Completo de Equitação, categoria internacional três estrelas, e dosou-se lactato sangüíneo na manhã antes da prova, antes e imediatamente depois das fases B e D e 10 minutos após a fase D. Foi observado aumento significativo nas concentrações de lactato apenas após o término da fase D, demonstrando que os animais foram submetidos a um grande esforço físico, com desenvolvimento de acidose metabólica decorrente do acúmulo de lactato. Houve diminuição significativa dos valores dez minutos após o término do cross-country, exceto para o eqüino de número 12, único animal a completar o percurso dentro do tempo estipulado, o qual apresentou sinais clínicos de exaustão. Blood samples were collected from thirteen horses competing in the resistance phase of an advanced 3-day-event. Blood lactate was determined in the morning before competition, before and immediately after phases B and D, and 10 minutes after phase D. Significant increase in blood lactate was observed only after phase D, showing that animals were submitted to a great physical effort with development of metabolic acidosis due to lactate accumulation. There was significant decrease in blood lactate levels 10 minutes after cross country except horse 12, the only animal to finish phase D inside the given time, but showed clinical signs of exhaustion. Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinária Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinária Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinária Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinária Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária

A infecção ocasionada pelo Rhodococcus equi é responsável por elevadas taxas de mortalidade e grandes perdas econômicas na equideocultura. Diante da importância dessa enfermidade, este trabalho objetivou a padronização de um ensaio imunoenzimático indireto (ELISA teste) para a detecção de anticorpos anti-Rhodococcus equi em potros (n=16) antes e após a ingestão de colostro de mães vacinadas. Nesse ensaio, foram utilizados dois tipos de antígenos de Rhodococcus equi, o APTX (proteína semi-purificada VapA, extraído pelo detergente Triton X e precipitado em acetona), e o comercial¹. Os resultados da titulação em bloco determinou a concentração ótima dos antígenos em 2,0µg/ml e a diluição única do soro 1:200 para soros de referências negativo, positivo e soros testes. Anticorpos de classe IgG anti-R.equi foram detectados nos potros após a ingestão do colostro até 150 dias de experimento. O antígeno comercial detectou títulos de anticorpos maiores e de maior persistência que o APTX. No entanto, para ambos os antígenos utilizados, o ELISA-teste demonstrou elevada sensibilidade.The infection caused by Rhodococcus equi (R.equi) is responsible for large economic damage, losses and high mortality rates. Due to the importance of this disease, the aim of this study was to the standarize the enzyme linked immunosorbent essay (ELISA test) for Rhodococcus equi antibodies detection in foals (n=16) before and after colostrum ingestion in vaccinated mares. Two antigens of Rhodococcus equi, APTX and a commercial one were used. The results of block titulation determinated optimal concentration of antigens on 2.0µg/ml and the diluition of serum 1:200 to serum of negative and positive reference and serum tests. IgG antibodies anti-R.equi were detected in foals 150 days after colostrum ingestion. The comercial antigen detected higher and more persistent antibodies title when compared to APTX antigen. Both antigens that had used the ELISA-test, demonstrated high sensitivity.

Equestrian enduro is a sport that calls for good conditioning of the animals. Proper training and correct athletic monitoring are essential to minimize lesions and excessive physical exhaustion. This paper proposes a test performed on a high-speed band for horses aiming to provide guidelines and choices regarding the appropriate training intensity and to asses the physical preparation for Purebred Arabian Enduro horses.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:59:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84782005000300020.pdf: 118055 bytes, checksum: 0310847c72cd381942f9a30a8ec5c2a3 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:59:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84782005000300020.pdf: 118055 bytes, checksum: 0310847c72cd381942f9a30a8ec5c2a3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-06-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:56:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782005000300020.pdf: 118055 bytes, checksum: 0310847c72cd381942f9a30a8ec5c2a3 (MD5) S0103-84782005000300020.pdf.txt: 26110 bytes, checksum: 31b09cacf4c32473737a433a17525684 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-06-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:14:00Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782005000300020.pdf: 118055 bytes, checksum: 0310847c72cd381942f9a30a8ec5c2a3 (MD5) S0103-84782005000300020.pdf.txt: 26110 bytes, checksum: 31b09cacf4c32473737a433a17525684 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:14:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782005000300020.pdf: 118055 bytes, checksum: 0310847c72cd381942f9a30a8ec5c2a3 (MD5) S0103-84782005000300020.pdf.txt: 26110 bytes, checksum: 31b09cacf4c32473737a433a17525684 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-06-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) A infecção ocasionada pelo Rhodococcus equi é responsável por elevadas taxas de mortalidade e grandes perdas econômicas na equideocultura. Diante da importância dessa enfermidade, este trabalho objetivou a padronização de um ensaio imunoenzimático indireto (ELISA teste) para a detecção de anticorpos anti-Rhodococcus equi em potros (n=16) antes e após a ingestão de colostro de mães vacinadas. Nesse ensaio, foram utilizados dois tipos de antígenos de Rhodococcus equi, o APTX (proteína semi-purificada VapA, extraído pelo detergente Triton X e precipitado em acetona), e o comercial¹. Os resultados da titulação em bloco determinou a concentração ótima dos antígenos em 2,0µg/ml e a diluição única do soro 1:200 para soros de referências negativo, positivo e soros testes. Anticorpos de classe IgG anti-R.equi foram detectados nos potros após a ingestão do colostro até 150 dias de experimento. O antígeno comercial detectou títulos de anticorpos maiores e de maior persistência que o APTX. No entanto, para ambos os antígenos utilizados, o ELISA-teste demonstrou elevada sensibilidade. The infection caused by Rhodococcus equi (R.equi) is responsible for large economic damage, losses and high mortality rates. Due to the importance of this disease, the aim of this study was to the standarize the enzyme linked immunosorbent essay (ELISA test) for Rhodococcus equi antibodies detection in foals (n=16) before and after colostrum ingestion in vaccinated mares. Two antigens of Rhodococcus equi, APTX and a commercial one were used. The results of block titulation determinated optimal concentration of antigens on 2.0µg/ml and the diluition of serum 1:200 to serum of negative and positive reference and serum tests. IgG antibodies anti-R.equi were detected in foals 150 days after colostrum ingestion. The comercial antigen detected higher and more persistent antibodies title when compared to APTX antigen. Both antigens that had used the ELISA-test, demonstrated high sensitivity. Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Clínica Médica Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto Universidade Estadual de São Paulo Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Clínica Médica Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate surgical catheter implantation in the facial artery of horses and the long-term maintenance of such arteries using heparin and ascorbic acid as filling solution. Nine horses were implanted with a polyurethane catheter. The catheters were flushed with a heparin/ascorbic acid solution every 8 h and remained patent for 25 days. Arterial blood samples were collected twice a day, and one exercise test that included serial blood samples and arterial pressure recordings was performed on a treadmill. Polyurethane catheters surgically implanted in the facial artery can be kept patent by filling with a heparin/ascorbic acid solution and provide convenient invasive arterial access in horses which is suitable for use for serial blood sampling and blood pressure recordings, even during exercise on treadmill.

Thrombophlebitis of the jugular vein is commonly observed in horses, particularly during intensive care, and leads to local and systemic inflammatory responses as well as head and neck circulatory impairment. Thrombolytic therapy is widely used in human practice with the aim of thrombus dissolution and recanalization of the injured vessels. There are similarities between human and horse coagulation and fibrinolytic processes. This review examines the fibrinolytic system, thrombus formation, and the clinical management of jugular thrombophlebitis, including thrombolytic therapy. There is evidence that early regional thrombolytic therapy for jugular thrombophlebitis in horses may be effective to achieve sustained recanalization.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:51:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-736X2013000200020.pdf: 1328292 bytes, checksum: e69fd4861ae6a114c1ee0e94306fbd50 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:51:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-736X2013000200020.pdf: 1328292 bytes, checksum: e69fd4861ae6a114c1ee0e94306fbd50 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T17:52:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-736X2013000200020.pdf: 1328292 bytes, checksum: e69fd4861ae6a114c1ee0e94306fbd50 (MD5) S0100-736X2013000200020.pdf.txt: 36072 bytes, checksum: cb92178777196b7ca658b4ec94855815 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:14:18Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-736X2013000200020.pdf: 1328292 bytes, checksum: e69fd4861ae6a114c1ee0e94306fbd50 (MD5) S0100-736X2013000200020.pdf.txt: 36072 bytes, checksum: cb92178777196b7ca658b4ec94855815 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:14:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-736X2013000200020.pdf: 1328292 bytes, checksum: e69fd4861ae6a114c1ee0e94306fbd50 (MD5) S0100-736X2013000200020.pdf.txt: 36072 bytes, checksum: cb92178777196b7ca658b4ec94855815 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Objetivou-se ilustrar a técnica cirúrgica de implantação de introdutores para cateter de Swan Ganz na veia jugular, bem como o procedimento de canulação da artéria pulmonar de dez equinos adultos sem raça definida (SRD). Realizando medidas através do cateter de Swan Ganz implantado, objetivou-se ainda demonstrar os valores de pressão arterial pulmonar (PAP) durante um teste de esforço progressivo de intensidade submáxima realizado em esteira rolante. A técnica cirúrgica de implantação de introdutores para o cateter de Swan Ganz empregada, demonstrou-se de fácil e rápida realização. Os animais não apresentaram complicações frente ao introdutor implantado e o teste ergométrico foi realizado conforme proposto. A PAP se elevou ao longo do exercício seguindo o incremento de velocidade, sendo os maiores valores médios observados nos momentos de maior intensidade do esforço. Os valores médios de PAP aumentaram (p

The humoral immune response in ‘Brasileiro de Hipismo’ (BH) breed and Breton mares was compared after using the Rhodococcus equi vaccine, and the effect of maternal immunoprophylaxis on antibody transfer to newborn foals through the colostrum was evaluated. Blood samples were obtained from 16 pregnant mares vaccinated against R. equi, 16 foals (offspring from vaccinated mares), 8 unvaccinated pregnant mares and 8 foals (offspring from control mares). R equi serum antibody titers were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) after the immunization of pregnant mares using two different antigens, APTX and the commercial vaccine. There was no difference in antibody production between the two breeds. Significant increase in R. equi antibody titers was observed in mares after vaccination (p KEY WORDS: Antibodies, ELISA, Rhodococcus equi, immunization, foals.

The modality of roundup calf roping has been questioned on the occurrence of possible injuries to the cervical vertebrae caused by the rope tension in the calf’s neck. In this work, 15 calves, male or female, ages varying from five to six months experimentally submitted to calf roping were evaluated. The procedure was carried out three times per week, in alternated days, during five weeks, adding the total of 225 lassoes. The calves had been evaluated by means of general and neurological clinical examination at the beginning of the first week, during the third one and at the end of the fifth experimental week. Simple and contrasted x-rays of the cervical vertebrae had been made at the beginning of the first one and at the end of the fifth week of experiment. The lassoes methods had been observed and classified qualitatively in weak or strong. Clinical and radiographic alterations in the animals during the experiment had not been found. The severity of the lassoes was considered strong in 77% of the cases. The fact that clinical and radiographic abnormalities have not been found indicates that the occurrence of cervical injuries in calves submitted to calf roping is not as high as divulged, however, it was considered an aggressive and rude procedure. KEY WORDS: Calves, myelography, clinical neurology, trauma.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:56:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352008000300005.pdf: 315698 bytes, checksum: 4980c9ee29a2b59ad2bf77c7c7eab97d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:56:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352008000300005.pdf: 315698 bytes, checksum: 4980c9ee29a2b59ad2bf77c7c7eab97d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:49:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352008000300005.pdf: 315698 bytes, checksum: 4980c9ee29a2b59ad2bf77c7c7eab97d (MD5) S0102-09352008000300005.pdf.txt: 35860 bytes, checksum: 4ec23a82583c96f45722753b2177a942 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:15:58Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352008000300005.pdf: 315698 bytes, checksum: 4980c9ee29a2b59ad2bf77c7c7eab97d (MD5) S0102-09352008000300005.pdf.txt: 35860 bytes, checksum: 4ec23a82583c96f45722753b2177a942 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:15:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352008000300005.pdf: 315698 bytes, checksum: 4980c9ee29a2b59ad2bf77c7c7eab97d (MD5) S0102-09352008000300005.pdf.txt: 35860 bytes, checksum: 4ec23a82583c96f45722753b2177a942 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Comparou-se a utilização do cultivo in vitro, PCR e nested PCR no diagnóstico de Theileria equi em eqüinos submetidos ao estresse induzido por exercícios. Amostras de sangue foram obtidas de 15 eqüinos submetidos a treinamento em esteira rolante de alto desempenho, sendo as amostras colhidas antes e após os exercícios. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos experimentais: 30 dias de treinamento (G1) e 90 dias de treinamento (G2). O teste do qui-quadrado foi empregado para as análises estatísticas e o índice kappa utilizado para avaliar a concordância. Não houve diferença significativa entre as amostras obtidas em repouso e após exercícios. Merozoítas de T. equi foram detectados em apenas quatro eqüinos do G1 pela microscopia direta realizada antes do cultivo, enquanto 14 animais apresentaram-se positivos pelo cultivo in vitro. No G2, cinco e 11 eqüinos foram positivos antes e após o cultivo, respectivamente. Nenhum produto de amplificação foi observado pela técnica de PCR, apesar do PCR baseado no gene 16S rRNA de T. equi ter detectado DNA em sangue com parasitemia equivalente a 8x10-5%. O nested PCR, baseado na seqüência do gene do antígeno de merozoíta de T. equi (EMA-1,) permitiu a visualização de produtos de amplificação em todos os eqüinos testados. O nested PCR deve ser considerado para a detecção de infecções subclínicas de T. equi e o cultivo in vitro pode ser utilizado como uma ferramenta complementar a outros métodos de diagnóstico. This study compared the usefulness of in vitro culture, PCR, and nested PCR for the diagnosis of Theileria equi in horses submitted to stress during exercise. Blood samples from 15 apparently healthy horses, previously conditioned to a high-speed equine treadmill, were taken prior to and after exercise. The animals were divided into two experimental groups: 30-day training schedule (G1) and 90-day training schedule (G2). Statistical analysis was performed using a chi-square test and kappa statistic was used in order to assess agreement. No significant difference was observed between samples collected at resting or after exercise. In G1, merozoites of T. equi were detected in the blood smears of four horses before in vitro culture, whereas 14 samples were positive, confirmed by culture. In G2, five and 11 horses were positive before and after culture, respectively. No PCR amplified product was observed in any of the tested animals although the PCR system based on the 16S rRNA gene of T. equi detected DNA in blood with an equivalent 8x10-5% parasitaemia. The nested PCR based on the T. equi merozoite antigen gene (EMA-1) allowed the visualization of amplified products in all the horses. Therefore, nested PCR should be considered as a means of detection of sub-clinical T. equi infections and in vitro culture could be used as a complement to other methods of diagnosis. UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinária UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinária

Fueron estudiadas las caracteristicas morfologicas de los cascos de dos grupos de equinos. El primer grupo, conformado por cinco animales adultos, sin ninguna alteracion clinica, correspondio al grupo control. El siguiente grupo, constituido por siete equinos recibieron 17,6g/kg de carbohidratos por via oral, para la induccion de laminitis. De este grupo, 71% desarrollo la sintomatologia entre 36 y 48 horas despues de la administracion del carbohidrato. Pasadas 48 h de la induccion de laminitis, los animales fueron sacrificados y sus miembros fueron retirados para realizar los respectivos estudios histologicos. Se efectuaron cortes histologicos de 5 a 7µm de grosor y, posteriormente, se tineron con hematoxilina-eosina (HE) y acido peryodico de Schiff (PAS) para ser sometidos a microscopia optica. A traves de la coloracion de HE, fue posible determinar alteraciones en la arquitectura de las laminas epidermicas primarias y secundarias, las cuales se presentaron delgadas y anchas, con los nucleos de las celulas basales de forma arredondada y, eventualmente, localizados en su polo basal. La coloracion por el PAS, permitio observar la membrana basal y la matriz proteica, separando las laminas epidermicas y dermicas y definiendo la morfologia de estas. En los equinos del grupo con laminitis se observaron deformacion y fragmentacion de la membrana basal. La utilizacion del PAS permitio determinar las alteraciones degenerativas graves en la membrana basal, de presentacion precoz y coincidiendo con el desarrollo de los signos clinicos de claudicacion

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-01T13:08:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-12-01Bitstream added on 2014-10-01T14:02:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-736X2013001300004.pdf: 606257 bytes, checksum: 37440df2db0a8acc81d2c80ff386416d (MD5) O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o cultivo de células da fração mononuclear da medula óssea e da fração vascular estromal do tecido adiposo de equinos em dois diferentes meios. Cinco cavalos foram submetidos à aspiração da medula óssea do esterno e à coleta de tecido adiposo da região glútea, próxima à inserção da cauda. A fração mononuclear e a fração vascular estromal foram obtidas das amostras e cultivadas em meio DMEM suplementado com soro fetal bovino a 10% ou em meio AIM-V. As culturas foram observadas uma vez por semana com um microscópio de luz invertida, com o intuito de se realizar uma análise qualitativa das características morfológicas das células, bem como do aspecto geral do cultivo celular. As unidades formadoras de colônia (CFU) foram contadas nos dias 5, 15 e 25 do cultivo celular. Durante a primeira semana, foram observadas diferenças entre amostras obtidas de mesma origem mantidas em diferentes meios. O número de colônias foi significativamente maior nas amostras de medula óssea em relação às amostras de tecido adiposo. The objective of this study was to evaluate the culture of equine bone marrow mononuclear fraction and adipose tissue - derived stromal vascular fraction cells in two different cell culture media. Five adult horses were submitted to bone marrow aspiration from the sternum, and then from the adipose tissue of the gluteal region near the base of the tail. Mononuclear fraction and stromal vascular fraction were isolated from the samples and cultivated in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum or in AIM-V medium. The cultures were observed once a week with an inverted microscope, to perform a qualitative analysis of the morphology of the cells as well as the general appearance of the cell culture. Colony-forming units (CFU) were counted on days 5, 15 and 25 of cell culture. During the first week of culture, differences were observed between the samples from the same source maintained in different culture media. The number of colonies was significantly higher in samples of bone marrow in relation to samples of adipose tissue. Faculdades Metropolitanas Unidas Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Departamento de Patologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária

Diversos fatores respondem por variações na viabilidade do sêmen eqüino e na sua qualidade espermática; em humanos, reportam-se correlações entre fatores endócrinos e parâmetros seminais, mas em eqüinos poucos estudos contribuem para esta correlação. Para se investigar eventuais correlações entre hormônios sexuais e tireoideanos com as características seminais físicas e morfológicas, além de longevidade seminal, foram mensuradas as concentrações plasmáticas de estradiol, testosterona, T3 e T4 de garanhões e analisadas tais características espermáticas no momento da colheita seminal e após 24h, 48h e 72h de armazenamento a 5oC. 05 garanhões férteis em idade reprodutiva foram submetidos à colheita de sêmen (2 vezes/semana) e sangue (1 vez/semana, a cada 6 horas) durante 6 semanas. Estradiol, testosterona, T3 e T4 foram analisados por RIE. Após a colheita, o sêmen foi analisado e resfriado a 5oC, com análises subseqüentes após 24h, 48h e 72h de armazenamento. O sêmen foi avaliado quanto às características seminais físicas e morfológicas, além de integridade de membrana. Significativas (p