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The Florida Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (FOCI) and its pediatric version, the Children's Florida Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (C-FOCI), are instruments for evaluating obsessive-compulsive symptomatology.A reliability generalization meta-analysis was conducted to estimate an average reliability of the scores and to identify study characteristics that explained the heterogeneity among scores. Using Kuder-Richardson 20 (KR-20) and Cronbach's α, a total of 23 and 20 independent samples were included in the meta-analysis for the FOCI and C-FOCI.We found an average KR-20 of 0.826 for the FOCI's Symptom Checklist and an α of 0.882 FOCI's Symptom Severity. An average KR-20 of 0.740 was found for the C-FOCI's Symptom Checklist, while an average α of 0.794 was found for the C-FOCI's Symptom Severity. Moderator analyses showed that the source of the coefficients (i.e., whether they were reported by the authors of the primary study or estimated by the meta-analysts) was an important variable for the FOCI Symptom Severity, and that the focus of the study (i.e., whether it was psychometric or applied) and the sample size were relevant for the C-FOCI Symptom Checklist.Considering that the FOCI and C-FOCI are scales characterized by their brevity and ease of use, and the reliabilities obtained here, both scales are well suited for screening purposes.

To assess the effectiveness of healthy lifestyle-based interventions in lung cancer survivors.We performed a literature search using PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct (last search March 2022). Quality assessment and risk of bias were assessed using the Downs and Black scale and the Cochrane tool. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials were performed. We included controlled trials testing the effect of healthy lifestyle-based interventions in lung cancer survivors versus a control intervention where lung cancer patients had no treatment, were receiving the usual care, or had not an active role in the intervention. The data were pooled and a meta-analysis was completed for quality of life, psychological distress, and cancer-related symptoms.We selected 14 studies, which included 1519 patients with lung cancer. The treatment status of these patients was heterogeneous. Healthy lifestyle programs were applied isolated or in combination with usual care in most of the studies. The components of the healthy lifestyle programs were also heterogeneous. Results showed significant differences in favor of healthy lifestyle-based interventions in comparison to the control group for quality of life (p = 0.01), psychological distress (p = 0.05), and cancer-related symptoms (p = 0.03).The findings indicated a beneficial effect of healthy lifestyle-based interventions for improving quality of life, psychological distress, and cancer-related symptoms in lung cancer patients. However, this review could not show any conclusion about the better treatment moment to apply healthy lifestyle-based interventions.PROSPERO Identifier: CRD42021292152.19/12/2021.

Heterogeneity is commonplace in meta-analysis. When heterogeneity is found, researchers often aim to identify predictors that account for at least part of such heterogeneity by using mixed-effects meta-regression models. Another potentially relevant goal is to focus on the amount of heterogeneity as a function of one or more predictors, but this cannot be examined with standard random- and mixed-effects models, which assume a constant (i.e., homoscedastic) value for the heterogeneity variance component across studies. In this paper, we describe a location-scale model for meta-analysis as an extension of the standard random- and mixed-effects models that not only allows an examination of whether predictors are related to the size of the outcomes (i.e., their location), but also the amount of heterogeneity (i.e., their scale). We present estimation methods for such a location-scale model through maximum and restricted maximum likelihood approaches, as well as methods for inference and suggestions for visualization. We also provide an implementation via the metafor package for R that makes this model readily available to researchers. Location-scale models can provide a useful tool to researchers interested in heterogeneity in meta-analysis, with the potential to enhance the scope of research questions in the field of evidence synthesis. ispartof: RESEARCH SYNTHESIS METHODS vol:13 issue:6 pages:697-715 ispartof: location:England status: published

This study was supported by grants from the FIBAO foundation (Granada, Spain) and from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI12/02688, PI17/02256 and PI20/01845; Madrid, Spain)., In this study, we have evaluated whether 57 genome-wide association studies (GWAS)-identified common variants for type 2 diabetes (T2D) influence the risk of developing prostate cancer (PCa) in a population of 304 Caucasian PCa patients and 686 controls. The association of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the risk of PCa was validated through meta-analysis of our data with those from the UKBiobank and FinnGen cohorts, but also previously published genetic studies. We also evaluated whether T2D SNPs associated with PCa risk could influence host immune responses by analysing their correlation with absolute numbers of 91 blood-derived cell populations and circulating levels of 103 immunological proteins and 7 steroid hormones. We also investigated the correlation of the most interesting SNPs with cytokine levels after in vitro stimulation of whole blood, peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and monocyte-derived macrophages with LPS, PHA, Pam3Cys, and Staphylococcus Aureus. The meta-analysis of our data with those from six large cohorts confirmed that each copy of the FTOrs9939609A, HNF1B(rs7501939T), HNF1B(rs75721T), HNF1B(rs4430796G), and JAZF1(rs10486567A) alleles significantly decreased risk of developing PCa (p = 3.70 x 10(-5), p = 9.39 x 10(-54), p = 5.04 x 10(-54), p = 1.19 x 10(-71), and p = 1.66 x 10(-18), respectively). Although it was not statistically significant after correction for multiple testing, we also found that the NOTCH2(rs10923931T) and RBMS1(rs7593730) SNPs associated with the risk of developing PCa (p = 8.49 x 10(-4) and 0.004). Interestingly, we found that the protective effect attributed to the HFN1B locus could be mediated by the SULT1A1 protein (p = 0.00030), an arylsulfotransferase that catalyzes the sulfate conjugation of many hormones, neurotransmitters, drugs, and xenobiotic compounds. In addition to these results, eQTL analysis revealed that the HNF1B(rs7501939), HNF1B(rs757210), HNF1B(rs4430796), NOTCH2(rs10923931), and RBMS1(rs7593730) SNPs influence the risk of PCa through the modulation of mRNA levels of their respective genes in whole blood and/or liver. These results confirm that functional TD2-related variants influence the risk of developing PCa, but also highlight the need of additional experiments to validate our functional results in a tumoral tissue context., FIBAO foundation (Granada, Spain), Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI12/02688 PI17/02256 PI20/01845

Background Non-specific low back pain in children and adolescents has increased in recent years. The purpose of this study was to upgrade the evidence of the most effective preventive physiotherapy interventions to improve back care in children and adolescents. Methods The study settings were children or adolescents aged 18 years or younger. Data were obtained from the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PEDro, Web of Science, LILACS, IBECS, and PsycINFO databases and the specialized journals BMJ and Spine. The included studies were published between May 2012 and May 2020. Controlled trials on children and adolescents who received preventive physiotherapy for back care were considered. Data on all the variables gathered in each individual study were extracted by two authors separately. Two authors assessed risk of bias of included studies using the RoB2 and quality of the body of evidence using the GRADE methodology. Data were described according to PRISMA guidelines. To calculate the effect size, a standardized mean difference “d” was used and a random-effects model was applied for the following outcome variables: behaviour, knowledge, trunk flexion muscle endurance, trunk extension muscle endurance, hamstring flexibility and posture. Results Twenty studies were finally included. The most common physiotherapy interventions were exercise, postural hygiene and physical activity. The mean age of the total sample was 11.79 years. When comparing the change from baseline to end of intervention in treatment and control groups, the following overall effect estimates were obtained: behaviour d+ = 1.19 (95% CI: 0.62 and 1.76), knowledge d+ = 1.84 (0.58 and 3.09), trunk flexion endurance d+ = 0.65 (-0.02 and 1.33), trunk extension endurance d+ = 0.71 (0.38 and 1.03), posture d+ = 0.65 (0.24 and 1.07) and hamstrings flexibility d+ = 0.46 (0.36 and 0.56). At follow-up, the measurement of the behaviour variable was between 1 and 12 months, with an effect size of d+ = 1.00 (0.37 and 1.63), whereas the knowledge variable obtained an effect size of d+ = 2.08 (-0.85 and 5.02) at 3 months of follow-up. Conclusions Recent studies provide strong support for the use of physiotherapy in the improvement of back care and prevention of non-specific low back pain in children and adolescents. Based on GRADE methodology, we found that the evidence was from very low to moderate quality and interventions involving physical exercise, postural hygiene and physical activity should be preferred.

We present a comparative study of the accuracy of different DFT approaches vs. MP2 for evaluating ionic liquids (ILs) + cosolvent. Namely, we are interested in [XBmim] + cosolvent (X being Cl−, BF4−, PF6−, and CH3SO3− anions and cosolvent being water or ethanol) and [XBmim] + (H2O)3 clusters. In this study the B3LYP, B3LYP-D3, M06, M06-2X and M06-HF functionals with Pople and Dunning basis sets are considered. We find that the influence of the basis sets is a factor to take into consideration. As already seen for weakly bonded systems when the basis set quality is low the uncorrected counterpoise (unCP) or averaging counterpoise (averCP) energies must be used due to cancellation errors. Besides, the inclusion of extra diffuse functions and polarization is also required specially in the case of ILs interacting with water clusters. The B3LYP functional does not reproduce either the structure or the interaction energies for ILs + H2O and ILs + EtOH aggregates, the energetic discrepancies being more significant than the structural ones. Among the dispersive corrected functionals, M06-2X results resemble to a great extent the reference data when the unCP interaction energies are considered for both water and ethanol. In turn, M06 and B3LYP-D3 functionals are the best option for ILs containing polar and non-polar anions, respectively, whether the averCP interactions energies are taking into consideration. From the structural point of view, B3LYP and M06 functionals describe more open structures whereas B3LYP-D3, M06-2X and M06-HF structures resemble quite well MP2 results. When the number of water molecules increases the H bonding motif gains importance and the effect depends on the underlying functional. Only M06-2X and M06-HF behaviour is similar to that observed for one water molecule. This is important because to describe ILs-cosolvent solutions is not only necessary to take into account the ILs-cosolvent interactions but also the cosolvent-cosolvent ones in the ensemble of the system.

The aims of this study were to analyze tactical behavior (direct attacks and indirect attacks, in addition to anticipatory, simultaneous, and posterior counterattacks) according to competition round and match, and to compare tactics of competitors (winners and nonwinners) in a university taekwondo championship. The analysis included 334 individual performances from 204 athletes over 169 bouts in the National University Championship. A 2-way repeated measure analysis of variance was conducted with “round” (at 3 levels: first, second, and third) as the within-subject factor and match outcome (at 2 levels: winning and nonwinning) as the between-subject factor. The results of this study show that tactical behavior patterns of winners and nonwinners differ. In addition, these differences vary over the course of a bout (p

Se lleva a cabo un analisis de coordenadas polares en Taekwondo de las acciones realizadas por los hombres $nalistas y semifinalistas en los Juegos Olimpicos de Londres 2012. Para este analisis, se consideraron como categorias focales las acciones relativas a la efectividad de uno, dos y tres puntos, y como categorias condicionadas variables tecnico-tacticas para establecer las diferentes relaciones entre las diversas categorias relacionadas con el comportamiento tecnico-tactico de los deportistas y la consecucion de punto/s. Los resultados mostraron una relacion, de excitacion en las perspectivas retrospectiva y prospectiva, entre las conductas CAN (Accion de contraataque), CIR (Pierna de golpeo dirigida hacia el oponente) e IZQ (Golpeo realizado con la pierna izquierda) con respecto a la conducta focal EF1, mientras que las conductas GIR (Accion realizada con un giro previo) y ABI (la pierna delantera de ambos oponentes es diferente) lo estan con la EF2; sugiriendose asi el entrenamiento de las citadas acciones con vistas a la consecucion de dicha puntuacion. Este estudio ha permitido comparar las relaciones que se establecen en la utilizacion de estrategias de interaccion en el deporte de taekwondo. El analisis se ha realizado utilizando el software de observacion HOISAN que ha permitido solventar las di$cultades planteadas anteriormente en la realizacion y uso de esta tecnica.

Diferentes estudios hacen referencia a como el tiempo de juego, la puntuación parcial y la interacción de ambos influyen en los comporta- mientos de jugadores y equipos. Con este estudio se intentó demostrar la compleja realidad del comportamiento táctico en el ataque en la Copa de Europa Masculina, mediante la detección de patrones de comportamiento y vincularlos al tiempo de juego y a la puntuación parcial. Se utilizó metodo- logía observacional, y para el análisis de los datos se utilizó la técnica de coordenadas polares. El instrumento de observación fue construido ad hoc y validado. La optimización de la herramienta incluye el control de calidad del dato, mediante el análisis de la fiabilidad del observador intra e inter a tra- vés del índice Kappa de Cohen (rango entre .85 y 1), y la aplicación del aná- lisis de generalizabilidad (los índices G son adecuados para todos los mode- los estimados) que confirman la fiabilidad del instrumento. La muestra con- tenía todas las situaciones de 2vs2 que se produjeron durante el proceso de ataque organizadas en igualdad numérica 6vs6, en dieciséis partidos (n = 390). Como principales resultados se pueden referir que el tiempo de juego influ- yó en la toma de decisiones en relación con los medios tácticos empleados, a excepción de los últimos diez minutos, donde no se encontraron patro- nes. Los resultados también muestran que hay un menor número de patro- nes de comportamiento cuando el marcador es un empate. Different studies have referred that the playing time and partial score, as well as the interaction between these two influences the behaviors of players and teams. With this study we intended to realize the complex reality of tactical behavior in the attack in Men ́s European Cup, by detect- ing behavior patterns and linking them to playing time and partial score. We used the observational methodology and for data analysis we used the polar coordinates. An instrument of observation has been constructed ad hoc and validated. The tool optimization included the quality data control, using the analysis of intra and inter observer reliability by Cohen's Kappa index (range between .85 and 1), beyond the application of generalizability analysis (G indexes are suitable for all models estimated) confirming the in- strument reliability. The sample contained all of 2vs2 situations that oc- curred during the organized offensive process in numerical equality 6vs6, in sixteen games (n = 390). As main results we can refer that the playing time influenced the decision- making in relation to the tactical means used, excepting the last ten minutes, where no patterns were found. The results also show that there are fewer behavior patterns when the score is a draw.

La herramienta HOISAN (Herramienta de Observacion de las Interacciones Sociales en Ambientes Naturales) es una aplicacion informatica que permite la codificacion, registro, descripcion y manipulacion de grabaciones o del visionado en tiempo real desde una o varias camaras. Permite trabajar con todos los tipos de datos: secuencias de eventos, de estados, mixtas, de intervalos de tiempo y de eventos multimodales. La metrica del registro observacional utiliza parametros primarios y medidas derivadas o secundarias. Tiene la capacidad de analizar la produccion verbal, asi como de calcular distintos tipos de acuerdo e indices de correlacion. El programa admite el intercambio de datos con programas especificos de uso en Metodologia Observacional (SDIS-GSEQ, OBSERVER, THEME y MOTS), otros programas de caracter general (hojas de calculo, paquetes estadisticos, procesadores de textos), y programas para el analisis cualitativo (Atlas.ti) y la exportacion de los datos a PDF. En este trabajo se presentan, ademas, los resultados de un analisis de calidad del dato pertenecientes a una herramienta de observacion para el futbol 7.

Se analizan los patrones de juego en ataque en situaciones 2vs2, en igualdad 6vs6, ocurridos en los partidos de la fase ;nal del Campeonato Europeo Masculino de Balonmano 2012. Se utilizan los partidos televisados para analizar los patrones de juego en ataque en situaciones 2vs2 que se produjeron durante los partidos observados. Para ello, se utiliza como instrumento un formato de campo combinado con sistema de categorías, se emplea 16 partidos con un total de 1208 ataques y 390 situaciones de juego 2vs2. Se utiliza la técnica de análisis de coordenadas polares, utilizando el software Hoisan, el cual permite analizar las interrelaciones entre las distintas categorías que componen el sistema de observación. Los resultados muestran que existe probabilidad signi;cativa de: 1) “Fijar” inhibe la “Falta de Atacante”; “Fijar/Desmarcar” activa la “Falta de Atacante” e inhibe “Falta Técnica” y la “Continuidad del Juego”, pero es activada por la “Continuidad del Juego”; 2) “Bloqueo” activa “Gol” y “Falta de Atacante” inhibe “Lanzamiento 7 metros”; “Bloqueo con Continuidad” inhibe “Lanzamiento 7 metros” y “Parada de Portero” pero es activado por la “Parada de Portero”; 3) “Cruce con Finalización” activa “Lanzamiento 7 metros” y “Continuidad del Juego,” inhibe la “Falta de Atacante”. Activa también “Parada de Portero” y está inhibida por la misma; 4) “Cruce con Continuidad” inhibe “Lanzamiento Fuera” pero activa “Lanzamiento contra el Poste/Travesaño” siendo inhibidas por este. Los resultados muestran que el uso de 2vs2 puede in=uir en la e;cacia del ataque, lo que es un indicativo claro para los entrenadores por la necesidad de practicar estas situaciones. También refuerzan la idea de la importancia del Pivote en estas situaciones de 2vs2, debiendo tenerse en cuenta en el entrenamiento. ABSTRACT: Broadcast footage of Men’s European Handball Championship 2012 were used to analyze attacking patterns of play in the 2vs2 game situations that occurred during matches from ;nal phase. An ad hoc instrument, ;eld format combined with categories system, was used to gather data from 16 matches, which yielded 1208 attacks and 390 2vs2 game situations. Polar coordinates analysis was carried out by means of Hoisan software that enables us to analyze the interrelations between the di>erent categories of the observation tool. ?e results show that is signi;cant the probability of: 1) “Fix” inhibits “Attack Fault”; “Fix/Uncheck” activates “Attack Fault” and inhibits “Technical Fault” and “Continuity of Play” but is activated by the “Continuity of Play”; 2) “Lock” activate “Goal” and “Attack Fault” and inhibits “7 meters”; “Lock with Continuity” inhibits “7 meters” and “Goalkeeper Save” but is activated by him; 3) “Cross with Shot” activate “7 meters” and “Continuity of Play”, inhibits “Attack Fault”. Also activate “Goalkeeper Save” and is inhibited by this action; 4) “Cross with Continuity” inhibits “Shot out” but active “Shot against the Post” and is inhibited by him. ?e results show that the use of 2vs2 can in=uence the e>ectiveness of the attack, giving a clear indication to the coaches for the need to train these situations. Also reinforce the idea of the importance of the Pivot in these situations of 2vs2, which must be taken into account in training. RESUMO: Analisou-se os padrões de jogo no ataque ocorridos nas situações de 2vs2, em igualdade 6vs6, durante os jogos da fase ;nal do Campeonato Europeu Masculino de Andebol 2012, recolhidos a partir de jogos televisionados. Um instrumento ad hoc, formato de campo com sistemas de categorias, foi utilizado para recolher os dados de 16 jogos, num total de 1208 ataques e 390 situações de jogo 2vs2. Recorreu-se à técnica de análise de coordenadas polares, utilizando o software Hoisan, que nos permitiu analisar as interrelações entre as diferentes categorias componentes do instrumento de observação. Os resultados mostram que é signi;cativa a probabilidade: 1) “Fixar” inibir a “Falta Atacante”; “Fixar/Desmarcar” ativar a “Falta Atacante” e inibir a “Falta Técnica” e “Continuidade de Jogo” mas ser ativada pela “Continuidade do Jogo”; 2) «Bloqueio» ativar “Golo” e “Falta Atacante” inibindo “7 metros”; “Bloqueio com Continuidade” inibir “7 metros” e “Defesa do Guarda-redes” mas ser ativado pela “Defesa do Guarda-redes”; 3) «Cruzamento com Finalização» ativar “7 metros” e “Continuidade do jogo” e inibir “Falta Atacante”. Ativa também a “Defesa do Guarda-redes” sendo inibido por esta; 4) «Cruzamento com Continuidade» inibe “Remate para Fora” mas ativa “Remate contra Poste/Trave” sendo inibido por este. Os resultados revelam que a utilização do 2vs2 pode in=uenciar a e;cácia do ataque, dando uma indicação clara aos treinadores para a necessidade de treinar estas situações.. Reforçam também a ideia da importância do Pivot nestas situações de 2vs2, o que deve ser tido em conta no treino.

The aim of this study was to analyze the organization of on-task behavior in the classroom. Four observational methodology techniques—T-pattern detection, lag sequential analysis, trend analysis, and polar coordinate analysis—were used to study the organization of on-task and off-task behavioral patterns during class time in a primary school setting. The specific objective was to detect and explore relationships between on-task behavior and different social interaction categories in relation to the actual distribution of activities in a real-life classroom setting. The study was conducted using the behavioral observation system for social interaction SOC-IS and the software programs Theme (version 6, Edu), SDIS-GSEQ (version 4.1.2), HOISAN (version 1.6), and STATGRAPHICS (version 6). We describe the results obtained for the four techniques and discuss the methodological implications of combining complementary techniques in a single study.

Different studies have referred that the playing time and partial score, as well as the interaction between these two influences the behaviors of players and teams. With this study we intended to realize the complex reality of tactical behavior in the attack in Men´s European Cup, by detecting behavior patterns and linking them to playing time and partial score.We used the observational methodology and for data analysis we used the polar coordinates. An instrument of observation has been constructed ad hoc and validated. The tool optimization included the quality data control, using the analysis of intra and inter observer reliability by Cohen's Kappa index (range between .85 and 1), beyond the application of generalizability analysis (G indexes are suitable for all models estimated) confirming the instrument reliability. The sample contained all of 2vs2 situations that occurred during the organized offensive process in numerical equality 6vs6, in sixteen games (n = 390). As main results we can refer that the playing time influenced the decision-making in relation to the tactical means used, excepting the last ten minutes, where no patterns were found. The results also show that there are fewer behavior patterns when the score is a draw.

Figura 1 – Imagen de la ecografia prenatal en la que se observa la silueta renal de grandes dimensiones; en la parte mas caudal se observa el aspecto hiperecogenico del seno renal rodeado de parenquima normal, y en la parte mas superior se observa imagen anecoica compatible con ectasia rodeada de parenquima.

To analyze the presentation of multilocular cystic nephroma and its diagnostic-therapy scheme.We report the three last new cases presenting in our department in a period of three years.Multilocular cystic nephroma is a benign lesion, rare that appears both in adult age, generally asymptomatic, and in children, frequently as a palpable mass. Differential diagnosis with malignant tumours is required.The great variety of clinical presentations, differential diagnosis and places of origin of the cases is demonstrated, being this a reflection of our daily medical practice, in which we cannot reach definitive diagnosis with imaging tests, being the Bosniak's classification very useful for the setting of indication for surgery, which will give definitive diagnosis of multilocular cystic nephroma or what is more important will rule out malignancy.

Objetivo: Analizar la forma con la cual se nos presenta el nefroma quístico multilocular y el enfoque diagnóstico- terapéutico que debemos realizar. Métodos: Aportamos los 3 últimos nuevos casos que se nos han presentado en nuestro servicio en un periodo de 3 años. Resultado: El nefroma quístico multilocular es una lesión benigna, poco frecuente apareciendo en edad adulta, habitualmente de forma asintomática, y en edad infantil frecuentemente como masa palpable. Requiere realizar diagnostico diferencial con tumoraciones malignas. Conclusiones: Se demuestra la gran variedad de presentaciones clínicas, diagnósticos diferenciales y lugares de procedencia de los casos, siendo esto un reflejo de nuestra practica médica diaria sin poder llegar al diagnostico definitivo mediante pruebas de imagen, siendo muy útil la aplicación de la clasificación de Bosniak para indicar la intervención quirúrgica que nos dará el diagnostico definitivo de nefroma quístico multilocular o lo que es más importante, nos descartará proceso maligno.

The advances of minimally invasive surgery in urology over the last years have enabled a progressive and constant implementation of endourology and laparoscopy in pediatric patients. We perform a review of our experience, as a general hospital, with minimally invasive surgery performed in pediatric patients over the last ten years.We retrospectively analyzed the endourological and laparoscopic operations performed between 1997 and 2007 in children up to the age of 16 years, collecting data about patient's age and gender, type of disease, techniques, anesthesia, and perioperative events.seventy-two surgical operations were performed in patients with an age range between 28 days and 16 years, with a mean age of 6.8 years. 56% of the patients were boys and 44% girls. Indications for surgery was vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in 28 cases (38.8%); lithiasis 17 cases (23.6%) which were distributed in 4 cystolithotripsies, 9 ureterorenoscopy with lithotripsy, one pure percutaneous nephrolithotomy and three mixed; ureterocele 9 cases (12.5%); urethral obstruction 7 cases (9.7%); 3 diagnostic laparoscopies for cryptorchidism (4. 1%), 2 laparoscopic procedures for cystic pathology (2.7%), another 2 laparoscopic renal biopsies (2.7%), and one laparoscopic repair of a ureteropyelic junction syndrome; 1 case of emergency percutaneous nephrostomy in the supine position after open pyeloplasty with subsequent reoperation with percutaneous resection of a granuloma; and 1 case of botulin toxin injection into the detrusor muscle.The consolidation of pediatric endourology in our department, and more recently laparoscopy, has contributed to improve the quality of care in pediatric patients; it has been achieved thanks to our previous know-how in general endourological techniques and the existence of adequate technical and human resources.

Objetivo: Los avances en cirugía minimamente invasiva en urología en los últimos años han permitido la paulatina y constante introducción de la endourología y laparoscopia en pacientes pediátricos. Realizamos una revisión de nuestra experiencia, como hospital general, de la cirugía minimamente invasiva realizada en los últimos 10 años en pacientes pediátricos. Métodos: Se analizan retrospectivamente las intervenciones en el ámbito de la endourología y laparoscopia realizadas durante el periodo entre 1997 y 2007 en niños de hasta 16 años, recogiendo datos sobre la edad y sexo de los pacientes, tipo de patologías, técnicas empleadas, anestesia realizada e incidencias perioperatorias. Resultados: Se realizaron 72 intervenciones quirúrgicas en pacientes con un rango de edad entre 28 días y 16 años y una media de 6,8 años. El 56% son varones y el 44% niñas. 28 intervenciones por Reflujo Vesico Renal (RVRj (38,8º%), 17 intervenciones por patología litiásica (23,6%) de las cuales 4 fueron cistolitotricias, 9 uretero-rrenolitotricia, 1 nefrolitectomía percutánea (NLP) pura y 3 mixtas. 9 intervenciones sobre ureteroceles (12,5%), 7 por obstrucciones uretrales (9,7%), 3 criptorquidias diagnósticas laparoscópicas (4,1 %), 2 intervenciones mediante laparoscopia por patología quistita (2,7%) y otras 2 laparoscopias para realización de biopsia renal (2,7%) y un síndrome de la unión pieloureteral intervenido mediante laparoscopia. Un caso de nefrostomía percutánea en decúbito supino de urgencia tras pieloplastia abierta con posterior intervención mediante resección percutáneo de granuloma. Un caso de inyección de toxina botulínica en detrusor. Conclusiones: La consolidación en nuestro servicio de la endourología, y mas recientemente la laparoscopia infantil, contribuyendo a mejorar la calidad asistencial en el paciente pediátrico lográndose gracias a un conocimiento previo en técnicas endourológicas generales y de unos medios técnicos y humanos adecuados.