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Postural impairment is one of the most debilitating symptoms in people with Parkinson's disease (PD), which show faster and more variable oscillation during quiet stance than neurologically healthy individuals. Despite the center of pressure parameters can characterize PD's body sway, they are limited to uncover underlying mechanisms of postural stability and instability.Do a multiple domain analysis, including postural adaptability and rambling and trembling components, explain underlying postural stability and instability mechanisms in people with PD?Twenty-four individuals (12 people with PD and 12 neurologically healthy peers) performed three 60-s trials of upright quiet standing on a force platform. Traditional and non-linear parameters (Detrended Fluctuation Analysis- DFA and Multiscale Entropy- MSE) and rambling and trembling trajectories were calculated for anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) directions.PDG's postural control was worse compared to CG, displaying longer displacement, higher velocity, and RMS. Univariate analyses revealed largely longer displacement and RMS only for the AP direction and largely higher velocity for both AP and ML directions. Also, PD individuals showed lower AP complexity, higher AP and ML DFA, and increased AP and ML displacement, velocity, and RMS of rambling and trembling components compared to neurologically healthy individuals.Based upon these results, people with PD have a lower capacity to adapt posture and impaired both rambling and trembling components compared to neurologically healthy individuals. These findings provide new insights to explain the larger, faster, and more variable sway in people with PD.

It is well-established that pre-cues, including those observed in an implicit manner, can affect motor skills and reaction times. However, little research currently exists on how pre-cues influence complex motor skills such as driving a car at high speed. This pilot study investigates the effect of implicit pre-cues on collision avoidance under a repeat trial experiment design using a car driving simulator. Seventeen par- ticipants (aged 23.8 ± 4.2 years) were included in this investigation, which consisted of four different one-kilometre driving scenarios. This investigation considers two of the four scenarios. Two scenarios had the stimulus of a child crossing the road, however only one of these scenarios had an implicit pre-cue appear before the stimulus. The remaining two scenarios had no stimulus or pre-cue and were included to reduce any learning effect by participants. The proportion of participants who had a collision differed significantly between scenarios with and without a pre-cue. The primary effect size of the pre-cue is modelled using a logis- tic regression and distributions for point estimators are obtained from bootstrapping results. A power analysis exploring different primary effect sizes is performed to inform sample size considerations for repeat studies. Implications for motor control, such as experiment design and statistical modelling methods, are discussed to inform future large scale trials. References J. A. Barela, A. A. Rocha, A. R. Novak, J. Fransen, and G. A. Figueiredo. Age differences in the use of implicit visual cues in a response time task. Braz. J. Motor Behav. 13.2 (2019), pp. 86–93. doi: 10.20338/bjmb.v13i2.139 J. Cohen. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Routledge, 1988. doi: 10.4324/9780203771587 U. Eversheim and O. Bock. The role of precues in the preparation of motor responses in humans. J. Mot. Behav. 34.3 (2002), pp. 271–276. doi: 10.1080/00222890209601945 D. G. Jenkins and P. F. Quintana-Ascencio. A solution to minimum sample size for regressions. PLOS One 15.2 (2020), e0229345. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229345 J. Jiang. Linear and generalized linear mixed models and their applications. Springer Series in Statistics. Springer, 2007. doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-47946-0 C. Kistin and M. Silverstein. Pilot studies: A critical but potentially misused component of interventional research. JAMA 314.15 (2015), pp. 1561–1562. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.10962 H. C. Kraemer, J. Mintz, A. Noda, J. Tinklenberg, and J. A. Yesavage. Caution regarding the use of pilot studies to guide power calculations for study proposals. Arch. Gen. Psych. 63.5 (2006), pp. 484–489. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.63.5.484 J. A. Nelder and R. W. M. Wedderburn. Generalized linear models. J. Roy. Stat. Soc. 135.3 (1972), pp. 370–384. doi: 10.2307/2344614 R. Stine. An introduction to bootstrap methods: Examples and ideas. Soc. Meth. Res. 18.2–3 (1989), pp. 243–291. doi: 10.1177/0049124189018002003

Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-01T10:18:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-02-01 This study examined changes in postural control and gaze performance of faller and non-faller older adults under conditions of visual tasks and optical flow manipulations. Fifteen older non-fallers (69.8 years, ± 3.2) and fifteen older fallers (71.1 years, ± 6.4) stood on a force platform inside a moving room wearing an eye tracker. Four tasks were performed: gaze fixation; predictable saccades; unpredictable saccades; and free-viewing. The stimuli appeared at a frequency of 1.1 Hz during conditions of predictable and unpredictable saccades. Sixteen trials were divided into two blocks. In the first block, the room remained stationary. In the second block, the room oscillated, without the participant’s awareness, with a 0.6 cm amplitude and 0.2 Hz frequency. Results showed postural sway attenuation in older fallers during the saccadic tasks compared to gaze fixation and free-viewing tasks, in both stationary and moving room conditions. Both groups showed increased center of pressure (CoP) magnitude during the moving room condition and CoP displacements strongly coupled to the room’s movement. The influence of the moving room on the postural sway was reduced during the saccadic tasks for both older groups. Older fallers exhibited higher variability compared to older non-fallers. Gaze behavior differences between groups were dependent on the goals of the visual tasks. Therefore, CoP displacements of older adults are reduced during saccadic tasks regardless of their falling history. However, postural and gaze performance of older fallers suggests increased deterioration of postural and oculomotor control which may be used as a predictor of fall risk. Faculty of Sciences Department of Physical Education Laboratory of Information Vision and Action (LIVIA) São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Vargem Limpa, São Paulo Graduate Program in Movement Sciences São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo Faculty of Sciences Department of Physical Education Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB) São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo Institute of Bioscience Department of Physical Education Movement Studies Laboratory (LEM) São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo Faculty of Sciences Department of Physical Education Laboratory of Information Vision and Action (LIVIA) São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Vargem Limpa, São Paulo Graduate Program in Movement Sciences São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo Faculty of Sciences Department of Physical Education Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB) São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo Institute of Bioscience Department of Physical Education Movement Studies Laboratory (LEM) São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo

Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-01T08:44:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Constraining knee flexion of non-disabled individuals could further our understanding regarding the importance of knee joint during gait, which is a common disturbance in individuals with gait impairment. In this study we investigated whether a mechanical constraint of knee flexion in non-disabled adults would lead to compensatory strategies. Eleven non-disabled male adults walked without and with an orthosis that permitted full extension and limited knee flexion up to either 45° or 30°. We analyzed the temporal organization of lower limb kinematics and electromyograms of the rectus femoris, vastus medialis and lateralis, tibialis anterior, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius medialis and lateralis. Non-disabled adults compensated for the reduced knee flexion by increasing hip and ankle joint excursions and ankle flexor activation amplitude. Also, these adults shortened pre-swing and lengthened swing duration in the constrained limb and increased the activity of bifunctional hip extensor and knee flexor muscles in the constrained limb in relation to the unconstrained limb. The use of an orthosis that limited knee flexion in non-disabled adults leaded to compensatory strategies in the temporal organization of joint excursions and muscle activations in the constrained limb. The compensatory effects were correlated with the extent of knee flexion constraint. Institute of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Cruzeiro do Sul University Department of Physical Education São Paulo State University Department of Human Performance–Exercise Physiology School of Medicine West Virginia University Department of Biomedical Engineering Benjamin M. Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources West Virginia University Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute School of Medicine West Virginia University Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Benjamin M. Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources West Virginia University Department of Neuroscience School of Medicine West Virginia University Department of Physical Education São Paulo State University

BACKGROUND: The disease caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has produced one of the most dramatic health crises, impacting humans’ daily lives worldwide. Social distancing and lockdown measures have limited everyone’s daily activities and have likely also affected children’s physical activity. AIM: To investigate physical activity and electronics use during COVID-19 social distancing in children from the city of Poá, São Paulo. METHOD: Data from 28 children were obtained on two occasions: pre-pandemic and during the pandemic. To further examine possible changes in physical activity, data from another sample of 40 children were obtained during the pandemic. From both cohorts, anthropometric information and play, television, electronics, and sleep time expenditures were obtained using a questionnaire. RESULTS: Results from the first cohort showed similar time spent engaged in playful activities and sleeping before and during the pandemic. Although hours spent watching television remained constant, a dramatic increase in the overall electronics time expenditure was observed during the pandemic period. CONCLUSION: Although the children maintained their playtime while social distancing, an increase in the time spent using electronic devices was observed, possibly due to the characteristics of the social distancing implemented in Brazil, as well as the characteristics of the children’s neighborhood.

BACKGROUND: A detail of previous studies on mental rotation, which has not received any attention so far, relates to the testing situation of the participants. In nearly every study, participants were tested in a sitting posture (and not standing). However, when considering embodied cognition approaches on mental processes, participants may not be able to fully exploit these processes when performing mental rotation tasks in a sitting posture. AIM: Therefore, the aim of the present study is to examine the potential influence of two different postures (sitting vs. standing), when solving mental body rotation tasks. METHOD: Sixteen participants (6 females) were tested in two mental body-rotation tasks (MBRT), requiring either an object-based spatial transformation (based on a same-different judgment) or an egocentric transformation (based on a left-right judgment) in a sitting and in a standing posture. Reaction times and response errors were analysed in two three-way ANOVAs, with the factors orientation, task, and posture. RESULTS: Results revealed an effect of orientation and task, indicating that participants performed better for egocentric than for object-based transformations. However, there was no effect of posture. CONCLUSION: The different dynamics of postural control during sitting and standing do not induce different embodiment effects on mental rotation.

BACKGROUND: Different amounts of force are needed to produce an effective turn for the pirouette, especially vertical force. AIM: To examine the vertical force produced by the supporting leg during the execution of a pirouette en dehors of ballet dancer and non-dancer participants. METHOD: The participants included five ballet dancers who composed the ballet dancer group and eight girls without previous experience of dance training who composed the non-dancer group. The participants were invited to execute the pirouette en dehors on a force platform with each leg as the supporting leg. Two-way analyses of variance were used to test vertical reaction forces between the two groups over the preferred and non-preferred leg. RESULTS: Among the three vertical forces measured in the present study, the maximum vertical peak for the initial impulse was significantly higher for the ballet dancers compared to the non-dancer girls. The minimum vertical force and maximum vertical peak for the final impulse were similar between both groups. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the initial vertical force may be critical to the pirouette en dehors, determining proficient execution of this movement in ballet dancers.

This study aimed at determining the effect of kinesio-taping (KT) on muscle performance and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) after exercise induced muscle damaged. Sixty-six healthy men volunteered to participate (age:18–25 y/o), who performed 200 isokinetic lengthening contractions of the dominant quadriceps. Then subjects were randomized to either control (no treatment), sham (no tape tension), or KT (10% tape tension) groups. Muscle performance was assessed by peak torque and muscular work during maximal isometric and concentric isokinetic contractions. DOMS intensity was assessed using a visual analog scale. Measurements were taken pre-exercise (Pre), 48 h and 96 h post-exercise. Repeated measures ANOVA was used for comparisons within group, and ANCOVA for comparisons among groups. Muscle damage was confirmed in all participants by an increase in CK activity level (p

Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-01T10:35:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-02-01 Vision is crucial for humans to interact with their surrounding environment, and postural sway is reduced to allow short eye movements. However, the extent of subtle changes in postural control for horizontal and vertical eye movements remains unclear. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of vertical and horizontal eye movements on head and trunk control in young adults. Fifteen healthy adults (23.4 ± 4.7 years) stood upright in three conditions for 60 s: fixation, horizontal, and vertical guided eye movements. In fixation, participants had to fixate on a stationary target. In both the horizontal and vertical eye movements, the target was presented with a frequency of 0.5 Hz and a visual angle of 11°. Eye displacement was monitored using a SMI eye tracker (ETG2.0) and trunk and head sway were monitored using infrared markers (Optotrak 3020, NDI). The mean sway amplitude was lower in both directions for eye movements and lowest in the vertical direction compared to the fixation condition. The sway area was also lower in vertical eye movement than in the fixation condition. We also found that the sway reduction was greater at head than at trunk level. The median frequency sway in the anterior–posterior direction was higher in both eye movements than in fixation. Based upon these results, we suggest that to perform short eye movements, postural sway is more strongly controlled at the head level than at the trunk and in vertical eye movements than in horizontal movements. Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University, SP Institute of Physical Activity and Sport Science Cruzeiro do Sul University, SP Univ. Lille CNRS UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives Departmento de Educação Física Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista, Av. 24-A, 1515, SP Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University, SP Departmento de Educação Física Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista, Av. 24-A, 1515, SP

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:47:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-02-01 During precise gaze shifts, eye, head, and body movements exhibit synergic relations. In the present study, we tested the existence of behavioural synergic relations between eye and postural movements in a goal-directed, precise, visual search task (locate target objects in large images). More precisely, we tested if postural control could be adjusted specifically to facilitate precise gaze shifts. Participants also performed a free-viewing task (gaze images with no goal) and a fixation task. In both search and free-viewing tasks, young participants (n = 20; mean age = 22 years) were free to move their eyes, head, and body segments as they pleased to self-explore the images with no external perturbation. We measured eye and postural kinematic movements. The results showed significant negative correlations between eye and postural (head and upper back) movements in the precise task, but not in the free-viewing task. The negative correlations were considered to be stabilizing and synergic. Indeed, the further the eyes moved, the more postural variables were adjusted to reduce postural sway. These results suggest that postural control was adjusted to succeed in subtle and active self-induced precise gaze shifts. Furthermore, partial correlations showed significant relations between (1) task performance to find target objects and (2) synergic relations between eye and postural movements. These later results tend to show that synergic eye-postural relations were performed to improve the task performance in the precise visual task. Univ. Lille CNRS UMR 9193 SCALab–Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University, São Paulo Department of Kinesiology The Pennsylvania State University Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University, São Paulo

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have confirmed that there is a developmental delay in the fundamental motor skills (FMS) of Brazilian children based on various samples. However, none of these previous studies included a comprehensive and direct diagnosis of motor competence levels of children in the urban areas of Brazil, which tend to encompass a wide range of socioeconomic and cultural environments. AIM: The purpose of this study was to directly assess children’s FMS competence levels in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. METHOD: Three hundred and eighty-three children (ages 6, 8, and 10) from elementary schools in all five geographic regions of São Paulo participated in this study. The FMS of children were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development-Second Edition. RESULTS: The results indicated that children from all five geographic areas of São Paulo demonstrated low competence levels (below the 15th percentile) across all FMS. Moreover, the observed motor competence deficit increased with age. Children’s competence levels were classified as poor in 6-year-old children and very poor in 8- and 10-year-old children. CONCLUSION: The developmental delay in motor competence is associated with decreased levels of health-enhancing physical activity, physical fitness, executive function, and perceived competence and increased obesity.

A dislexia caracteriza-se pela dificuldade de aprendizagem da leitura, escrita e soletração, sem uma causa aparente específica. Crianças e adultos com dislexia apresentam também déficits em diferentes tarefas sensório-motoras. Porém, não existe consenso quanto o efeito da dislexia na destreza dos dedos e se há alterações puramente motoras em indivíduos acometidos por essa desordem. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar crianças com e sem dislexia quanto à destreza dos dedos e à capacidade de geração de força máxima. Trinta crianças com dislexia e 30 sem dislexia, entre 8 e 14 anos, realizaram o teste dos nove pinos nos buracos (9-PnB) para avaliação da destreza manual e o teste força de preensão palmar máxima, ambos com a mão dominante. Elas foram instruídas a realizar o teste dos 9-PnB o mais rápido possível e em seguida produzir força de preensão máxima (FPMax) no dinamômetro hidráulico Jamar®. O menor tempo e a maior FPMax registradas em três tentativas foram utilizadas para as análises estatísticas. Os resultados revelaram que as crianças com dislexia são mais lentas na execução do teste dos 9-PnB, porém apresentam similar capacidade de geração de FPMax que crianças não disléxicas. Esses resultados indicam que as diferenças no desempenho em testes motores observadas entre crianças com dislexia e sem dislexia não têm origem no sistema motor e sim no modo com que a criança com dislexia processa as informações sensoriais e as transforma em respostas motoras para produzir ações.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-04T12:38:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-05-31 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Understanding the changes induced by body weight support (BWS) systems when non-disabled adults walk can help develop appropriate rehabilitation protocols. The purpose of this study was to investigate spatial-temporal gait alterations during walking with BWS on a treadmill and over the ground. Fourteen non-disabled young adults (including seven women) walked over the ground and on a treadmill with 0%, 10%, and 20% of BWS at 80% of their self-selected comfortable walking speed (baseline). The stride length and speed, step length, and stance and double-limb support durations were calculated and compared among the different conditions. The non-disabled adults modulated their spatial-temporal gait parameters according to the surface and percentage of BWS. They walked with shorter and slower strides and shorter steps and spent more time in contact with the support surface as they walked on the treadmill than as they did over the ground. Walking on the treadmill promoted less variability and a higher rate of change than did walking over the ground. Both the surface and amount of BWS should be taken into consideration when using BWS systems for (re)learning and/or reestablishing gait. Cruzeiro do Sul Univ, Inst Phys Act & Sport Sci, Rua Galvao Bueno 868, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Phys Educ, Inst Biosci, Av 24-A,1515, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Phys Educ, Inst Biosci, Av 24-A,1515, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 2010/15218-3 FAPESP: 2013/02322-5 FAPESP: 2015/25376-9 FAPESP: 2016/08883-7

The present study aimed to compare the postural control of children and adolescents with and without HIV. A total of 32 children and adolescents (18 with HIV and 14 without) of both sexes, aged 6–18 years, were included in the present study. Participants in the HIV+ group were infected through vertical transmission and received antiretroviral therapy. Participants maintained an erect, bipedal posture in the following conditions: with vision, without vision, and on a foam base. Concerning the evaluation of time variables, higher values ​​were observed in the HIV+ group for mean anteroposterior (AP) speed, mean mediolateral (ML) speed, AP perimeter (p = 0.001), and ML perimeter (p = 0.001). Concerning the evaluation of conditions, a difference was observed in the mean AP oscillation amplitude (MAO; p = 0.039), as the AP MAO was lower with vision than without vision or with foam. Concerning the evaluation of spectral domain variables, higher values ​​were observed in the HIV+ group for the predominant ML frequency (p = 0.04) and mean AP (p = 0.001) and ML frequencies (p = 0.001). Regarding the evaluation of conditions, a difference was found only in the predominant AP frequency (p = 0.001). Higher values ​​were found in the closed eye condition than in with foam (Δ = +103%). The results of the present study indicated that children and adolescents living with HIV have poorer postural control performance than those without HIV.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-01T08:44:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-08-01 Sedentariness has progressed in recent years. Here, we summarize the high prevalence of objectively measured sedentariness and the list of health problems associated with sedentariness. According to the literature, a minimum sedentary time of 8 h/d may avoid the harmful effects of sedentariness. Our review of the literature shows that many countries worldwide exceed this threshold. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has increased the proportion of time spent seated in chairs and/or other types of furniture. Furthermore, prolonged sedentariness will continue to increase because it is assumed that people, at least those in desk jobs, perform their work better when sitting than when standing. Many practical solutions should be implemented to help people reduce their sedentary time. People need to be aware that prolonged sedentariness causes health problems. They need to measure the amount of time spent being sedentary to self-guide their behaviour. They should adopt a new lifestyle to avoid prolonged sedentariness and prolonged standing. In addition, we point out that they should frequently change their posture to avoid fatigue and health issues. For global public health, there is an urgent need to adopt an intermediate healthy/healthier behaviour between too much time spent in the sitting and standing positions. Univ. Lille CNRS UMR 9193–SCALab–Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University

Background Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) are known to have poor physical fitness and psychosocial problems. The autonomous nervous system (ANS) plays an essential role in the regulation of human neurophysiological processes. Inadequate ANS modulation has been associated with harmful health conditions such as poor aerobic power, high body mass index, and symptoms of stress and anxiety. Modulation of ANS in children with DCD needs to be further investigated taking into consideration variables that may influence its function. For instance, would the level of physical fitness or the symptoms of stress and anxiety affect the ANS modulation of children with DCD? Aims To examine the ANS modulation during supine and standing postures, and stress/anxiety with questionnaire data from children with probable-DCD (p-DCD). Methods and procedures: Thirty children, 8–12 years old, composed two groups paired by age, gender, peak volume of oxygen uptake (aerobic power), and body mass index (BMI): p-DCD (9 boys, mean age 10.8 y) and typically developing (TD). Both groups were compared for stress/anxiety assessment by questionnaire and spectral, symbolic, and complexity heart rate variability (HRV) analyses during posture changes. Outcomes and results p-DCD group showed higher stress symptoms than TD group for stress/anxiety assessment in the questionnaire's data, but HRV analyses showed no differences between the two groups. Both groups showed parasympathetic prevalence during supine posture and sympathetic prevalence during standing posture. Conclusions and implications Children with p-DCD had similar autonomic control function as TD children during posture change (supine to standing). Symptoms of stress and anxiety demonstrated by p-DCD did not impact their ANS modulation. These results indicate that aerobic power and BMI are probable protective factors of ANS modulation for these children., Developmental coordination disorder (DCD); Autonomous nervous system; Heart rate variability; Stress and anxiety.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:41:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-09-01 This study examined the effects of the support surface (i.e., treadmill or ground) and the quantity of body weight unloading provided by a partial body weight support (PBWS) system on the spatiotemporal gait characteristics of individuals with stroke. Fifteen individuals, aged 57.2 ± 9.8 years, with chronic stroke walked on a treadmill and on the ground with 0%, 10%, and 20% of PBWS. Inertial sensors placed on the participants’ feet registered 3-D acceleration and 3-D angular velocity during walking, and some gait parameters were calculated. Overall, individuals with stroke walked with shorter and slower strides and spent more time in contact with the support surface when walking on the treadmill compared to when walking on the ground. The duration of double limb support decreased when the percentage of PBWS increased. Stride length and speed were more variable in the paretic limb than in the non-paretic limb. Treadmill walking was more consistent and less similar to ordinary walking than walking on the ground. The gait pattern of individuals with stroke was modulated according to the support surface on which walking was performed, and the use of a PBWS system seems suitable to develop walking proficiencies on a daily basis. Institute of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Cruzeiro do Sul University, Rua Galvão Bueno, 868 Department of Physical Education Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University, Av. 24-A, 1515 Department of Physical Education Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University, Av. 24-A, 1515

Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-01T03:58:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-06-01 Objective: Sensory information is crucial when performing daily activities, and Parkinson's disease may diminish sensitivity to sensory cues. This study aimed to examine the detection threshold of passive motion of knee and ankle joints in individuals with Parkinson's disease. Methods: Eighteen individuals in the early stages of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (age: 62.7 ± 7.3 years) and 18 healthy matched controls (age: 62.5 ± 7.1 years) first performed a simple reaction time test. Participants were asked to perform ten trials, during which they had to watch a square on a screen and press a button as quickly as possible when the square lit up. Thereafter, the participants were tested for their detection threshold of passive motion of their lower limb joints. Participants were seated in a specially designed chair and their knee or ankle joint was passively moved at a velocity of 0.5º/s. Participants kept their eyes closed and were instructed to press a button as quickly as possible when any joint motion was detected. Results: Individuals with Parkinson's disease needed more time to perform the reaction time test than did the control participants. Individuals with Parkinson's disease also needed larger angular displacement, even when reaction time was used as a covariate measure, to detect any passive motion, in both knee (0.70º ± 0.20º) and ankle (1.03º ± 0.23º) joints than did the control participants [(0.57º ± 0.20º) and (0.84º ± 0.27º), respectively]. Conclusion: Impaired joint proprioception can be observed in the early stages of Parkinson's disease, which may compromise the use of proprioception cues from lower limbs. Institute of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Cruzeiro do Sul University School of Arts Sciences and Humanities University of São Paulo Federal University of São Paulo Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University

This study investigated whether a mechanical constraint of knee flexion in non-disabled individuals could help with reproducing the gait pattern of individuals with stroke. Eleven non-disabled adults (26.6±6.5 years old) and 12 individuals with stroke (52.0±12.8 years old) walked at a self-selected comfortable speed as kinematic and electromyographic data were acquired. Non-disabled adults also walked with an orthosis that limited to 45 degrees of knee flexion. The hip, knee, and ankle joint angles and the muscle activation of the rectus femoris, vastus medialis and lateralis, tibialis anterior, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius medialis and lateralis were analyzed. The results demonstrated that non-disabled adults presented similar lower limb excursion to individuals with stroke that affects most joints, although, they displayed a different muscle activation level for most muscles. These results suggest that a mechanical constraint of knee flexion leads to temporal and joint excursion alterations in the lower limb of non-disabled individuals, thereby enabling the reproduction of a gait pattern similar to individuals with stroke. It is also observed that these individuals use different strategies to control muscle activation, which might be related to the lack of control in coordinating muscle activation during gait that is present in individuals with stroke.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:46:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-11-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) This study investigated the modulation of center of pressure (CoP) displacements of young adults as they performed predictable and unpredictable saccadic eye movements in stationary and moving visual scenarios. We also examined whether the relationship between CoP displacements and visual stimulus, provided by the moving scenario, and gaze control itself, are affected by the demands of the saccadic tasks. Fifteen young adults (20.53 ± 2.1 years old) stood upright on a force plate, inside a moving room, wearing an eye tracker while performing three tasks: gaze fixation (fixating on a target in the center of the screen), predictable task (saccades while following a target which continuously appeared and disappeared on the right and left sides), and unpredictable task (similar to the previous task, but the participants did not know which side the target would appear on). For saccadic tasks, the target appeared at a frequency of 1.1 Hz and with eccentricity of 11.5 degrees of visual angle. Two blocks of six trials were performed: in the first block, the room remained stationary and in the second, it oscillated (0.6 cm amplitude; 0.2 Hz frequency). Mean amplitude of CoP displacements was lower in the saccadic tasks compared to the gaze fixation, in both conditions; and higher in the moving scenario than in the stationary condition. Variability of CoP displacements was lower in the unpredictable saccades than gaze fixation task. Saccade reaction time was longer in the unpredictable than predictable task. We conclude that CoP displacements are reduced to facilitate performance of the saccadic tasks regardless of conditions and task complexity. Furthermore, lower variability suggests modulation of CoP displacements to deal with the increased attentional demands associated with the performance of the unpredictable saccades, indicating the important role of visual task constraints in postural control. São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Physical Education Faculty of Sciences Laboratory of Information Vision and Action (LIVIA) Post-graduation Program in Movement Sciences São Paulo State University – UNESP Centro Universitário Sagrado Coração (UNISAGRADO) Department of Health Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Physical Education Faculty of Sciences Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB) São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Physical Education Institute of Bioscience Movement Studies Laboratory (LEM) São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Physical Education Faculty of Sciences Laboratory of Information Vision and Action (LIVIA) Post-graduation Program in Movement Sciences São Paulo State University – UNESP São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Physical Education Faculty of Sciences Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB) São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Physical Education Institute of Bioscience Movement Studies Laboratory (LEM)

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T17:30:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-08-12 Sleep deprivation affects the performance of postural control and several other aspects related to attentional mechanisms that may alter sensory cue acquisition strategies. This study aimed to examine the possible effects of horizontal saccades and ocular fixation on a target in the performance of postural control in young adults with sleep deprivation. Twenty-six adults formed two groups, tested in two evaluations. In the first evaluation, participants slept normally on the night before. In the second evaluation, 13 participants were sleep deprived (SD) and 13 slept normally (control group [CG]) on the night before. In both evaluations, each participant stood upright as still as possible, in two experimental conditions: fixating the eye on a target and performing saccadic movement toward a target presented in two different locations (0.5 Hz). Each participant performed 3 trials in each condition, lasting 62 s each. Body oscillation was obtained in both anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions. Results showed that SD participants swayed with a larger magnitude and higher velocity after sleep deprivation in the fixation condition. In the saccadic condition, body sway magnitude and velocity were reduced but were still larger/higher in the SD participants. Sleep deprivation deteriorates the performance of postural control. Saccadic eye movements improve postural control performance even in sleep-deprived participants but are still not sufficient to avoid postural control deterioration due to sleep deprivation. Salesiana Univ Bolivia, Fac Psychomotor Hlth Educ & Sports, La Paz, Bolivia Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Sch Phys Educ Physiotherapy & Occupat Therapy, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Fac Sci, Bauru, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Biosci, Rio Claro, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Fac Sci, Bauru, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Biosci, Rio Claro, Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-11T09:37:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-02-12 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) leads to several changes in motor control, many of them related to informational or cognitive overload. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of knowledge and intention on the postural control performance and on the coupling between visual information and body sway in people with and without PD standing upright. Methods: Participants were 21 people with PD (62.1 +/- 7.2 years), stages 1 and 2 (Hoehn & Yahr scale), under dopaminergic medication, and 21 people in the control group (62.3 +/- 7.1 years). Participants stood upright inside a moving room, performing seven trials of 60 s. In the first trial, the room remained motionless. In the others, the room oscillated at 0.2 Hz in the anterior-posterior direction: in the first block of three trials, the participants were not informed about the visual manipulation; in the second block of three trials, participants were informed about the room movement and asked to resist the visual influence. An OPTOTRAK system recorded the moving room displacement and the participants' sway. The variables mean sway amplitude (MSA), coherence and gain were calculated. Results: With no visual manipulation, no difference occurred between groups for MSA. Under visual manipulation conditions, people with PD presented higher MSA than control, and both groups reduced the sway magnitude in the resisting condition. Control group reduced sway magnitude by 6.1%, while PD group reduced by 11.5%. No difference was found between groups and between conditions for the coupling strength (coherence). For the coupling structure (gain), there was no group difference, but both groups showed reduced gain in the resisting condition. Control group reduced gain by 12.0%, while PD group reduced by 9.3%. Conclusions: People with PD, under visual manipulation, were more influenced than controls, but they presented the same coupling structure between visual information and body sway as controls. People in early stages of PD are able to intentionally alter the influence of visual information. Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Arts Sci & Humanities, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Univ Cruzeiro Sul, Inst Phys Act & Sport Sci, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Movement Disorder Sect, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biosci, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biosci, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil CAPES: 001 FAPESP: 2016/06292-1

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-11T08:47:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-02-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The study involved investigating dyslexic children's postural control responses when visual and somatosensory cues were separately manipulated. Twenty dyslexic and 19 nondyslexic children performed a trial by standing upright inside a moving room and another by lightly touching a moving bar. Both trials lasted 240 s with the following three different stimulus characteristics: low (pretransition), high (transition), and low amplitude (posttransition). Body sway magnitude and the relationship between the movement of the room/bar surface and body sway were examined. When compared to nondyslexic children, dyslexic children oscillated with higher magnitude in the transition and posttransition under visual and somatosensory manipulation; their sway was more influenced by visual manipulation in the transition and posttransition, and they used higher applied force levels in the somatosensory modality in all conditions. The results suggest that dyslexic children could not efficiently reweight visual cues when compared to nondyslexic children. The same was not observed in the somatosensory cues when dyslexic children reduced the influence of the somatosensory stimulus. The proper use of somatosensory information was related to stronger acquired cues and higher applied forces as observed for dyslexic children. Dyslexic children experience difficulties in dynamically reweighting sensory cues although these types of difficulties are overcome when more informative sensory cues are provided. Cruzeiro do Sul Univ, Inst Phys Act & Sport Sci, Rua Galvao Bueno 868, BR-01506000 Liberdade, SP, Brazil Fed Univ ABC, Ctr Math Comp & Cognit, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Paris Diderot, Hop Robert Debre, INSERM, UMR 1141, Paris, France Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Biosci, Rio Claro, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Biosci, Rio Claro, Brazil FAPESP: FAPESP-BEPE: 2016/05602-7 FAPESP: 2013/25653-7

Introduction: Considered the second leading cause of death worldwide, stroke leads to several consequences resulting from the injury in regions responsible for the processing of sensorimotor information, leading to deficits in the maintenance and performance of postural control. Objective: To relate the performance of postural control during upright stance and a virtual reality task in post-stroke individuals. Method: Nine post-stroke individuals, aged 30 to 76 years, characterized by the Berg balance scale, Fugl - Meyer scale and Mini Mental State Examination participated in this study. Postural performance was measured by the center of pressure under bipedal conditions, in anteroposterior and mediolateral directions and unipedal with the affected and unaffected sides, using a force platform. Virtual reality performance was measured by distance and time required to perform a task in the Nintendo Wii®. Results: Revealed significant correlations between distance and displacement time of the affected side (distance x disc_affected = 0.667 | p = 0.025; time x disc_affected = 0.683 | p = 0.021) and between variables time and mean amplitude of mediolateral oscillation (time x amo_ml = -0.733 | p = 0.012), time and mediolateral and anteroposterior mean velocity (time x vm_ml = -0.617 | p = 0.038; time x vm_ap = -0.833 | p = 0.003) and between time and area (time x area = -0.633 | p = 0.034). Conclusion: the performance of standing postural control in post-stroke individuals, represented by measures of weight discharge and variables of postural control, presented a significant relation with the variables of virtual reality.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-05T01:12:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-11-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) NIH National Institutes on Aging This study examined the coupling between visual information and body sway in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) compared with healthy controls. Postural control performance was compared between 14 patients with PD (age: 69.6 +/- 8.8 years - stages 1-3 of the Hoehn and Yahr scale) and 14 healthy control participants (age: 68.6 +/- 3.0 years). Participants stood upright in a moving room that remained motionless or continuously oscillated in the anterior-posterior direction. Ten trials were performed in the following conditions: no movement of the room (1 trial) and with the room moving at frequencies of 0.1, 0.17, and 0.5 Hz (3 trials each frequency). Body sway and moving room displacement were recorded. The results indicated that patients with PD displayed larger body sway magnitude in the stationary room condition. Body sway of patients with PD was induced by visual manipulation in all three visual stimulus frequencies, but body sway of patients with PD was less coherent compared to that of the control participants. However, no difference was observed in the visualbody sway coupling structure. These results indicate that patients with PD can unconsciously couple body sway to visual information in order to control postural sway in a similar manner to healthy participants with intact visual-motor coupling for posture control. However, this coupling is marked by greater variability, indicating that people with PD have a motor system with greater inherent noise leading to a more varied behavior. Univ Cruzeiro Sul, Inst Phys Act & Sport Sci, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Arts Sci & Humanities, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Brazilian Parkinson Assoc, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Sch Phys Educ Physiotherapy & Occupat Therapy, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Portland Vet Affairs Hlth Care Serv, Portland, OR USA Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Biosci, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Biosci, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil NIH National Institutes on Aging: R01 AG006457 29

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-11T04:54:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-12-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Individuals with stroke often present functional impairment and gait alteration. Among different aspects, intralimb coordination of these individuals is one of the key points that should be considered before implementing any gait intervention protocol. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of stroke on intralimb gait coordination of the lower limbs using a vector coding technique. Twenty-five individuals with stroke and 18 non-disabled individuals (control), between 46 and 71 years old, participated in this study. A computerized analysis system registered data from reflective markers placed on specific body landmarks to define thigh, shank, and foot of both body sides, as participants walked at self-selected comfortable speed. Coordination modes, such as in-phase, anti-phase, proximal-segment-phase, and distal-segment-phase, and variability of thigh-shank, and shank-foot were analyzed for the paretic, non-paretic and control limbs during the stance and swing periods, and the entire gait cycle using the vector coding technique. During the stance period, individuals with stroke presented higher frequency of thigh-phase and lower frequency of shank-phase for the thigh-shank coupling and higher frequency of shank-phase for the shank-foot coupling compared to non-disabled controls, indicating that the proximal segment of each pair leads the movement. During the swing period, the paretic limb presented higher frequency for in-phase than non-paretic and control limbs for the thigh-shank coupling. Adaptations in the non-paretic limb were observed in the swing period, with higher frequency than paretic and control limbs in the thigh-phase for the thigh-shank coupling, and higher frequency than the paretic limb in the foot-phase for the shank-foot coupling. No differences in coordination variability were found between paretic, non-paretic, and control limbs. The vector coding technique constitutes a useful tool for identifying gait alterations in intralimb coordination of individuals with stroke. Our coordination results demonstrate a shift from distal to more proximal control during the stance phase in both legs for the individuals with stroke and an inability to decouple segment coordination during the swing phase in the paretic limb. The results indicate that it is more suitable to consider the stance and swing periods separately instead of considering the entire gait cycle to investigate intralimb gait coordination of individuals with stroke. Cruzeiro do Sul Univ, Inst Phys Act & Sport Sci, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Univ Massachusetts, Dept Kinesiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Biosci, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Biosci, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 2013/02322-5 FAPESP: 2013/01050-1 FAPESP: 2015/13100-9 FAPESP: 2016/08883-7

Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-01T08:44:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-11-09 This study aimed to investigate intra-limb coordination in non-disabled individuals walking with and without a constrained knee and in individuals with stroke. We hypothesized that a constrained knee would modify the intra-limb coordination of non-disabled individuals and that non-disabled individuals walking with a constrained knee would present coordination patterns similar to those presented by individuals with stroke. Twelve individuals with chronic stroke (age: 54.1 ± 9.9 years) and 12 age- and sex-matched individuals (age: 54.8 ± 9.2 years) with no known gait impairment (non-disabled individuals) participated in this study. Non-disabled individuals walked with and without an orthosis on one of their knees, limiting flexion to 40°, which was the average maximum knee flexion presented by the participants with stroke. Lower limb coordination was assessed on the basis of vector coding for the thigh-shank and shank-foot couplings during stance and swing periods of gait. Constrained knee flexion in non-disabled individuals mainly affected the thigh-shank coupling but not the shank-foot coupling of the constrained limb. There was reduced anti-phase coordination during the stance and swing periods and a marked increase in in-phase coordination during the swing period. Non-disabled individuals presented most changes toward the coordination pattern presented by individuals with stroke, except for the thigh-phase mode during the swing period, which was lower than that in individuals with stroke. Reduced knee flexion movement caused similar alterations in the intra-limb coordination pattern in non-disabled individuals compared to those observed in individuals with stroke. Therefore, diminished knee flexion movement, which is presented by individuals with stroke, can be considered a key disturbance that leads to impairment in lower extremity intra-limb coordination. Institute of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Cruzeiro do Sul University Department of Kinesiology University of Massachusetts Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-28T17:18:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-09-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) The application of subsensory noise stimulation over the lower limbs has been shown to improve proprioception and postural control under certain conditions. Whereas the effect specificity seems to depend on several factors, studies are still needed to determine the appropriate method for training and rehabilitation purposes. In the current study, we investigated whether the application of sub sensory electrical noise over the legs improves proprioceptive function in young and older adults. We aimed to provide evidence that stronger and age-related differential effects occur in more demanding tasks. Proprioceptive function was initially assessed by testing the detection of passive ankle movement (kinesthetic perception) in twenty-eight subjects (14 young and 14 older adults). Thereafter, postural control was assessed during tasks with different sensory challenges: i) by removing visual information (eyes closed) and; ii) by moving the visual scene (moving room paradigm). Tests performed with the application of electrical noise stimulation were compared to those performed without noise. The results showed that electrical noise applied over the legs led to a reduction in the response time to kinesthetic perception in both young and older adults. On the other hand, the magnitude of postural sway was reduced by noise stimulation only during a more challenging task, namely, when the optical flow was changing in an unpredictable (nonperiodic) manner. No differential effects of stimulation between groups were observed. These findings suggest that the relevance of proprioceptive inputs in tasks with different challenges, but not the subjects' age, is a determining factor for sensorimotor improvements due to electrical noise stimulation. (C) 2017 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Univ Sao Paulo, EP USP, PTC, Neurosci Program, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, EP USP, PTC, Biomed Engn Lab, Ave Prof Luciano Gualberto,Travessa 3,158, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Cruzeiro do Sul Univ, Inst Phys Act & Sport Sci, Sao Paulo, Brazil Cruzeiro do Sul Univ, Grad Program Human Movement Sci, Sao Paulo, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Biosci, Rio Claro, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Biosci, Rio Claro, Brazil FAPESP: 2011/17193-0 CNPq: 303809/2016-7 FAPESP: 2009/09286-9 FAPESP: 2013/14667-7

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-30T01:30:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-06-01 Postural control involves the use of sensory cues that must be properly integrated to provide specific information to accommodate continuous changes in the environment. Studies have shown several features of adaptive sensorimotor behavior, but many of the mechanisms are still unknown, such as perdurable effects. The purpose of the present study was to examine the lasting effects of visual reweighting adaptation on postural control in young adults. Seventeen young adults were exposed to a moving room situation in 3 experimental sessions that occurred on different occasions. In the first occasion, participants were exposed to seven 60-s trials, in which the room oscillated sinusoidally (0.2 Hz). The first 3 trials and last 3 trials had an amplitude of 0.6 cm and velocity of 0.6 cm/s (peak-to-peak). The fourth trial had an amplitude of 3.5 cm and velocity of 3.5 cm/s (change trial). In the second and third occasions, 1 and 7 days after the first occasion, respectively, the participants performed 3 trials with the room moving with the same parameters as the first trial in the first occasion. The results indicated that the abrupt increases in amplitude and velocity led to a less coherent and smaller magnitude of postural response to the moving room. The reduction of the induced postural response that was caused by visual manipulation lasted at least 1 week. These results suggest that adaptive changes that are caused by environmental changes are maintained for a relatively long period of time in young adults. Laboratório para Estudos do Movimento Departamento de Educação Física Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Ciências da Atividade Física e Esporte Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul Laboratório para Estudos do Movimento Departamento de Educação Física Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista

Introduccion: En la enfermedad cerebro vascular uno de los principales problemas es la espasticidad, que compromete el control postural, la funcionalidad y la calidad de vida. Para lograr la mayor recuperacion funcional, se han utilizado los enfoques neuromusculares del ejercicio terapeutico (Ej: Rood, Bobath, Brunnstrom y la Facilitacion Neuromuscular Propioceptiva), sin embargo, existe controversia sobre la eficacia de estas intervenciones. Objetivo: Realizar un analisis critico de la evidencia cientifica disponible sobre el efecto de los enfoques tradicionales en la espasticidad de los miembros inferiores en personas post-Enfermedad Cerebro Vascular. Metodos: Se incluyeron ensayos clinicos controlados de las bases de datos PUBMED, MEDLINE, PEDro, CINAHL, SCIENCEDIRECT y SCOPUS. La calidad metodologica de los articulos incluidos se evaluo por medio de la escala PeDro. Resultados: Once estudios cumplieron con los criterios de inclusion, obteniendo una calidad metodologica de intermedia a alta. Entre las limitaciones de los estudios revisados se destacan principalmente la ausencia del calculo del tamano de muestra, de enmascaramiento de los evaluadores, perdida de participantes, muestras heterogeneas, carencia de protocolos estandarizados y diversidad de variables evaluadas. Conclusion: El tratamiento fisioterapeutico para disminuir la espasticidad puede ser efectivo aplicado entre tres y cinco dias por semana, durante 40 minutos. Sin embargo, estos resultados estan soportados en estudios con limitaciones metodologicas y dificultades en su comparacion. Por ello, se requieren nuevos estudios para evaluar la eficacia de dichos enfoques, con el fin implementar intervenciones fisioterapeuticas basadas en la mejor evidencia, que contribuyan en una mejor calidad de vida de esta poblacion

Background: Many activities require a complex interrelationship between a performer and stimuli available in the environment without explicit perception, but many aspects regarding developmental changes in the use of implicit cues remain unknown. Aim: To investigate the use of implicit visual precueing presented at different time intervals in children, adolescents, and adults. Method: Seventy-two people, male and female, constituted four age groups: 8-, 10- and 12-year-olds and adults. Participants performed 32 trials, four-choice-time task across four conditions: no precue and a 43 ms centralized dot appearing in the stimulus circle at 43, 86 or 129 ms prior the stimulus. Response times were obtained for each trial and pooled into each condition. Results: Response times for 8-year-olds were longer than for 12-year-olds and adults and for 10-year-olds were longer than for adults. Response times were longer in the no precue condition compared to when precues were presented at 86 and 129 ms before the stimulus. Response times were longer when precue was presented at 43 ms compared presented at 129 ms before the stimulus. Interpretation: Implicit precues reduce response time in children, adolescents and adults, but young children benefit less from implicit precues than adolescents and adults.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-04T12:36:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-04-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) This study examined the effects of age and walking experience on infants' ability to step over an obstacle. We videotaped 30 infants with one (mean [M] age = 12.6 months), three (M age = 14.7 months), and six months (M age = 17.7 months) of walking experience walking on a pathway with and without an obstacle. We found a shorter stride and slower velocity for infants with one month of walking experience and for the walking condition with an obstacle than for other experience groups or for walking without an obstacle. Across all groups, the horizontal distance between an infant's foot and the obstacle was larger for the trailing leg than for the leading leg. The vertical distance for both legs was similar among 1-month walkers, increased for 3-month walkers, and was similar for the trailing leg of the 6-month walker group. The percentage of the interlimb coordination relative phase for the leading limb was smaller for 3- and 6-month walker groups. In conclusion, age and walking experience contribute to improving coupling between sensory information and motor action and to organization for stepping over an obstacle in infants. Vila Velha Univ, Dept Physiotherapy, Vila Velha, Brazil Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Human Movement Sci, Santos, Brazil Univ Cruzeiro Sul, Inst Phys Act & Sport Sci, Sao Paulo, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Biosci, Dept Phys Educ, Rio Claro, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Biosci, Dept Phys Educ, Rio Claro, Brazil CNPq: 133347/02-8 CAPES: 0145/05-0

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-30T20:25:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-12-01 Ontario Neurotrauma Foundation Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Canadian Institutes of Health Research Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung Study design: This work is a case series. Objectives: We assessed the influence of the aquatic environment on quasi-static posture by measuring center of pressure (COP) sway and trunk acceleration parameters after incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) in water and on land. Setting: Tertiary Rehabilitation Hospital, Ontario, Canada. Methods: Six adult participants with iSCI (4 cervical/2 thoracic injuries, AIS D) were enrolled. Baseline balance was assessed by the Berg Balance Scale and Mini-Balance Evaluation System Test. Participants stood on a waterproof force plate for one minute per trial on land and in water; participants completed testing with their eyes open or closed in random order over 10 trials. Individuals’ perceptions of their standing balance were obtained. COP and trunk acceleration parameters were analyzed in the time-domain. Results: COP sway and upper to lower trunk acceleration ratios in the AP direction increased in water, which was in contrast to standing on land in both visual conditions for 5/6 participants. Three participants (P1, P3 & P4) with greater sensorimotor deficits had larger COP sway in water with the eyes closed. Two (P1 & P4) of six participants reported more discomfort standing in water than standing on land. Conclusions: Increased COP sway seemed to reflect the balance and sensorimotor impairments of the participants, especially when standing with eyes closed in water. Although most participants (4/6) perceived that they swayed more in water in contrast to on land, 5 out of 6 participants reported that water felt like a safer environment in which to stand. Toronto Rehabilitation Institute – University Health Network Rehabilitation Sciences Institute – University of Toronto Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Alberta Department of Medicine Rehabilitation Sciences Institute – University of Toronto Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of Toronto Institute of Biosciences – Sao Paulo State University Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering Rehabilitation Sciences Institute – University of Toronto Department of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Sciences Institute Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto Institute of Biosciences – Sao Paulo State University Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada: 249669 Canadian Institutes of Health Research: 95662 Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung: P300P2-147865

Introduction: Eccentric training and jump tests are widely used to recover and measure deficits in knee strength and functionality after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Objective: To correlate knee extension and flexion torque generated by eccentric isokinetic training, with functional jump tests in subjects with reconstructed ACL. Method: Sixteen men with unilateral ACL reconstruction were assessed before and after 12 weeks of eccentric isokinetic training of knee flexors and extensors (3×10 MVC, 2x/week) at 30°/s for extension and flexion torque (isometric; concentric and eccentric at 30 and 120°/s) and functional jump tests (single, triple, cross and figure of 8). Inter- and intra-limb pre- and post-training mean peak torque (MPT), distance and jump test times were compared along with the correlations between these variables, considering P

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T23:35:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-15 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) This study examined the influence of visual information of different complexities and predictability on the body sway of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) during upright stance. Twenty-one individuals at initial stages of PD (62.1 +/- 7.2 years), under dopaminergic medication, and 21 controls (62.3 +/- 7.1 years) stood inside a moving room, performing 10 trials of 60 s. In the first trial, the room remained motionless. Then, the room oscillated in an anterior-posterior direction. There were three blocks of three trials. In the first block, the room oscillated at 0.2 Hz (periodic simple condition); in the second block, periodic frequencies of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 Hz were combined (periodic complex condition); in the third block, non-periodic frequencies of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 Hz were combined (non-periodic complex condition). Participants were not informed about the room movement. The displacement of the room and trunk were registered using an OPTOTRAK system. Postural sway was examined using mean sway amplitude, and the relationship between visual information and body sway used coherence, gain, and phase. There was no group difference when the room remained motionless. Upon visual manipulation, the PD group displayed larger sway magnitude in the non-periodic complex condition. Individuals with PD also lagged behind the moving room (lower phase values) compared to controls, only in the periodic simple condition. In the remaining measures, there was no group difference. These results suggest that individuals with PD use complex and unpredictable visual information, similar to controls, during upright stance. However, PD might affect the predictable visual cues processing. Cruzeiro Univ, Inst Phys Act & Sport Sci, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Arts Sci & Humanities, Rua Arlindo Bettio 1000, BR-03828000 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Movement Disorder Sect, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil State Publ Server Hosp, Movement Disorders Sect, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Biosci, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Biosci, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil CAPES: 001 FAPESP: 2016/06292-1