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Studies regarding deforestation, the hydrological cycle, climate change and fire weather can benefit from the detailed simulations provided by regional climate models (RCM). While much attention has been given to fire activity in the Amazon, few studies have used RCM runs to assess fire risk and variables associated to fire occurrence. We evaluated precipitation, temperature and a fire risk index from the ensemble of Eta model simulations coupled with three different global climate models for the Amazon basin. The RCM runs were compared to reanalysis data for the dry season from 1979 to 2005. The maximum and 2-m temperature fields were underestimated over the entire region, but showed a statistically significant spatial correlation with the reference data. Precipitation was overestimated over the Amazon, in accordance with the major sources of moisture analyzed. The Keetch-Byram drought index (KBDI) was not significantly affected by the bias found in temperature and precipitation, and the ensemble improved relative to the individual member simulations. KBDI estimations performed better with the ensemble of the three evaluated members, however the Eta model showed some limitations. The validation of modeled fire risk could benefit from the use of satellite hotspot data. Furthermore, the KBDI can also be used in the assessment of how climate change interacts with fire activity in the Amazon region.

Objetivo: Analisar as principais alterações musculoesqueléticas em mulheres na pós-menopausa e seus impactos na vida diária. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada a partir de buscas nas bases de dados Lilacs, SciELO e Medline. Foram utilizados como descritores: “menopausa”, “alterações pós- menopausa” e “alterações musculoesqueléticas”. Os critérios de inclusão utilizados foram: artigos publicados no período de 2005 a 2021, nos idiomas: português e inglês, disponíveis em texto completo gratuitamente nas bases eletrônicas consultadas. Os estudos foram apresentados em uma tabela considerando: tipo de estudo, local/país onde foi desenvolvido, objetivos, estratégias utilizadas na intervenção, forma de avaliação dos resultados da intervenção, principais resultados e conclusão. Resultados: Foram selecionados 10 artigos para elaboração do estudo. Os conteúdos das pesquisas encontradas referiam-se as principais alterações musculoesqueléticas em mulheres na pós-menopausa. Os resultados obtidos a partir da aplicação de questionários que buscaram analisar os principais sinais e sintomas associados à pós-menopausa, sendo o principal sintoma a dor. Conclusão: Diante dos artigos analisados foram encontradas alterações musculoesqueléticas em mulheres na pós-menopausa, dentre elas, as principais foram: dores lombares, dores na coluna, dores musculares e distensões em músculos de diversas áreas corporais.

Color polymorphism is a fascinating property exhibited by compounds that have polymorphs of different colors. The most famous family of substances forming molecular organic color polymorphs is the ROY family of compounds. ROY, which states for the red, orange, and yellow colors of the polymorphs of 5-methyl-2-((2-nitrophenyl)amino)thiophene-3-carbonitrile, is currently the compound exhibiting the largest number of known polymorphs (12), all of them with crystallographic structures determined. In this study, the color polymorphism exhibited by a novel member of the ROY family, 2-((4-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)- amino)thiophene-3-carbonitrile (ROY-ol), has been investigated. Four color polymorphs of ROY-ol were identified (one brightburgundy and the others dark-burgundy), from which the crystal structures of two (polymorphs 1 and 2) were solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and the intermolecular interactions in these crystals being subsequently evaluated using the Hirshfeld analysis method. These two polymorphs were also characterized vibrationally by infrared and Raman spectroscopies, supported by fully periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The performed thermal analysis studies, undertaken by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized light thermomicroscopy (PLTM), and temperature-variation Raman spectroscopy, allowed us to identify two additional polymorphs of ROY-ol (polymorphs 3 and 4). Investigation of the conformational space of the ROY-ol isolated molecule within the DFT framework (together with similar calculations on similar molecules, including ROY) allowed to establish a series of correlations between the conformational landscapes of the molecules and some relevant characteristics of the polymorphism the compounds exhibit. As a whole, a detailed description of the color polymorphism exhibited by ROY-ol has been achieved, which is an additional contribution to the understanding of this phenomenon.

Anhydrous carbamazepine (CBZ) is an anti-convulsant drug commonly used to treat epilepsy and relieve trigeminal neuralgia. The presence of the dihydrate form in commercial CBZ tablets can change the dissolution rate of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), thus decreasing its activity. The hydration transformation can occur during wet granulation or storage, within a few weeks, depending on the ambient conditions. This work aims to investigate the effect of relative humidity (RH) in the transition of pure anhydrous CBZ (CBZ III) into the hydrate form by using confocal Raman microscopy with cluster analysis (CA). Firstly, several tablets of pure CBZ III containing different amounts of CBZ DH (50%, 10%, 1%, 0.5%) were prepared and analyzed by Raman imaging with CA. Our results show that CBZ DH crystals can be detected in the CBZ III tablets, at as low a concentration as 0.5%, giving distinct Raman features for the analysed polymorphs. The stability of pure anhydrous (CBZ III) tablets was then monitored by Raman imaging at room temperature (20–22 1C) and different RH (6%, 60% and 89%). The Raman imaging with CA showed that the anhydrous CBZ tablets start to convert into the hydrate form after 48 h, and it completely changes after 120 hours (5 days) at RH 89%. The tablets exposed to RH 6% and 60% did not demonstrate the presence of CBZ DH after 1 week of exposure. The exposure time was extended for 9 months in the former, and no CBZ DH was observed. A comparative study using IR imaging was also performed, demonstrating the viability of these vibrational imaging techniques as valu- able tools to monitor the hydration process of active pharmaceutical ingredients. published

Evidence for a cluster spin-glass phase (Tg = 15.3 K) in the skyrmion-hosting GaMo4S8 compound.

Co(ii)–N4 complex displays slow magnetisation at zero static field, exhibiting a high spin-reversal energy barrier Ueff = 85 cm−1.

Bilayer CNB-EDT-TTF salts with different polymeric anions.

Bi1 − xFexNbO4 (x = 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75) samples were synthesized by the sol–gel method and its morphologic, structural, dielectric, and magnetic properties were studied. The structure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and the morphology by scanning electron microscopy. The dielectric characterization that was performed using impedance spectroscopy, in the frequency range of 102–106 Hz, as a function of temperature, revealed that the dielectric constant and the dielectric losses increased with the iron content. The prepared materials presented relaxation processes, with the corresponding activation energies being calculated by fitting the experimental data to the Arrhenius model. The dependence of AC conductivity on frequency was found to satisfy Jonscher’s universal power law at different temperatures. The conduction mechanisms are governed by two processes: correlated barrier hopping (CBH) and non-overlapping small polaron tunneling (NSPT). Magnetic susceptibility, for an applied magnetic field of 0.5 T, doubles when the iron concentration goes from 0.25 to 0.5 and doubles again when the iron concentration rises to 0.75. The increase in magnetization with the concentration of iron is also observed in the curves M vs. H at 7 K. The remaining magnetization and the coercive field do not exist for x = 0.25 (paramagnetic behavior); it is small for x = 0.5 and is already observed when x = 0.75.

The labor relationship developed by the Amazonian riverside dwellers is weakened due to changes in temperature, the flood pulse, the ebb tide of the rivers, and precipitation. In this context, this research aimed to evaluate the impacts of climate change on the socio-biodiversity chains in the region of Médio Juruá-Amazonas. Collections were carried out in two communities located in the Sustainable Development Reserve (RDS) Uacari, in July 2022, through participatory workshops. The communities affirm that the extreme flood events of the Juruá River are more intense in recent years, both concerning the extreme levels of the river and in periodicity and speed of flooding. The large floods have impacted the productive calendar, generating losses for farmers. In addition, rubber trees and cassava plantations have been dying with the large floods, and oil seeds are being carried by the water before harvest. The physical data of the Juruá River shows a trend of increasing extreme floods over the last 40 years for the period November to April, highlighting the years 2013 to 2015 and 2021 with the largest positive anomalies. Farmers have adapted their calendars, modified some planting areas to locations with higher altitudes and farther from the river banks, and have sought new rubber matrices. The results point to the need for mitigation and adaptation measures promoted by local governments.

Na construção civil, a depender do tipo de recurso avaliado (mão de obra, material ou equipamento), a literatura designa indicadores específicos para obtenção da produtividade. Pouco se discute no meio técnico-científico a respeito da interpretação e utilização desses indicadores associados com seu nível de abrangência (diário, cumulativo ou cíclico), em especial associados a um tratamento estatístico. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo promover tais discussões, de forma a auxiliar a avaliação da produtividade em obra e proporcionar aos gestores uma alternativa matemática eficiente de acompanhamento, baseada na análise de dados e estatística, que pode ser aplicada mesmo com recursos limitados.

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the relationships between treatment adherence and quality of life in people with hemophilia that have been published in the scientific literature. Methods: This is an integrative review carried out in the Virtual Health Library, PUBMED and COCHRANE databases, including articles published from January 2012 to May 2022. Results: Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we selected 05 articles. Articles that studied children and adults with hemophilia predominated (75%). All articles presented level of evidence VI (100%). The number of participants involved in the studies ranged from 24 to 117. Two articles addressed only Hemophilia A, four addressed hemophilia A and B concomitantly and in one the sample of hemophiliacs B was insignificant, raising the analysis only of hemophiliacs A. Final considerations: All articles found a direct relationship between treatment adherence and quality of life. Objetivo: El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar las relaciones entre la adherencia al tratamiento y la calidad de vida en personas con hemofilia que han sido publicadas en la literatura científica. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integradora realizada en las bases de datos Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, PUBMED y COCHRANE, incluyendo artículos publicados desde enero de 2012 hasta mayo de 2022. Resultados: Con base en los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, seleccionamos 05 artículos. Predominaron los artículos que estudiaron niños y adultos con hemofilia (75%). Todos los artículos presentaron nivel de evidencia VI (100%). El número de participantes involucrados en los estudios varió de 24 a 117. Dos artículos abordaron solo la Hemofilia A, cuatro abordaron la hemofilia A y B concomitantemente y en uno la muestra de hemofílicos B fue insignificante, suscitando el análisis solo de los hemofílicos A. Consideraciones finales: Todos los artículos encontraron una relación directa entre la adherencia al tratamiento y la calidad de vida. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar as relações entre adesão ao tratamento e qualidade de vida em pessoas portadoras de hemofilia que têm sido publicadas na literatura científica. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, PUBMED e COCHRANE, incluindo artigos publicados no período de janeiro de 2012 a maio de 2022. Resultados: A partir dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 05 artigos. Predominaram os artigos que estudaram crianças e adultos com hemofilia (75%). Todos os artigos apresentaram nível de evidência VI (100%). O número de participantes envolvidos nos estudos variou de 24 a 117. Dois artigos abordaram apenas Hemofilia A, quatro abordaram a hemofilia A e a B concomitantemente e em um a amostra de hemofílicos B foi insignificante, levanto a análise apenas dos hemofílicos A. Considerações finais: Todos os artigos encontraram relação direta entre adesão ao tratamento e qualidade de vida.

Observado que uma maior vibração no veículo e consequente desconforto ao dirigir percebido pelo motorista ocorre por consequência de uma pior qualidade superficial do pavimento. Este estudo de pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar a possibilidade de utilizar os dados coletados por sensores de aceleração para estimar a medida de irregularidade superficial (IRI) do pavimento. Pelo desenvolvimento de um método simples e de pronto uso de tratamento dos dados dos sensores, o estudo visa a validar a correlação entre as duas variáveis. Para o estudo, foram determinadas medidas de IRI de alguns segmentos de um circuito estabelecido no campus da USP, sujeito ao tráfego de veículos com sensores embarcados. Para medir a reação mais direta da vibração do pavimento no conjunto da roda e suspensão, os sensores são instalados na bandeja inferior da suspensão dos carros. Conectados via smartphones, os dispositivos desenvolvidos para a pesquisa coletam e armazenam os dados georreferenciados das voltas dadas em nuvem para posterior tratamento. O algoritmo desenvolvido para o tratamento dos dados baseia-se na estruturação de um banco de dados, na separação e formação de pacotes menores que coincidam com os trechos de IRI conhecidos e estejam munidos de informações relevantes coletadas. Dadas as variáveis estudadas e os dados devidamente tratados, os estudos estatísticos, cálculos e análise dos resultados evidenciam que os fenômenos observados são verdadeiros e que há uma forte correlação e proporcionalidade entre as medidas de aceleração e IRI. Portanto, abre-se a possibilidade do uso deste tipo de tecnologia para medição, em nível de rede, da qualidade superficial do pavimento de forma prática, ágil e abrangente em razão do baixo custo e sua alta escalabilidade. Observed that a greater vibration in the vehicle and consequent discomfort when driving perceived by the driver, occurs as a result of a worst surface quality of the pavement. This research study aims to investigate the possibility of using data collected by acceleration sensors to estimate the measure of the surfaces irregularity of the pavement index (IRI). By developing a simple and ready-to-use method for processing sensor data, the study aims to validate the correlation between the two variables. For the study, IRI measurements were determined for some segments of a circuit established on the USP campus, subject to vehicle traffic with embedded sensors. To measure the most direct reaction of pavement vibration to the wheel and suspension assembly, sensors are installed in the lower suspension tray of the cars. Connected via smartphones, the devices developed for the research collect and store the georeferenced data of the laps given in the cloud for further treatment. The algorithm developed for the treatment of the data is based on the structuring of a database, on the separation and formation of smaller packages that coincide with the known IRI stretches and are provided with relevant information collected. The algorithm developed for the treatment of the data it is based on the structuring of a database, on the separation and formation of smaller packages that coincide with the known IRI stretches and are provided with relevant information collected. Given the variables studied and the data properly treated, the statistical studies, calculations and analysis of the results show that the observed phenomena are true and that there is a strong correlation and proportionality between the acceleration and IRI measures. Therefore, it opens up the possibility of using this type of technology to measure, at the network level, the surface quality of the pavement in a practical, agile and comprehensive way due to the low cost and its high scalability.

Resumo Nesse estudo avaliou-se os impactos do aumento dos GEE's (cenário RCP 8.5) e dos desflorestamentos no ciclo da água na bacia do rio Madeira, utilizando o Modelo Regional Eta e o Modelo Hidrológico de Grandes Bacias (MGB), forçado com o Brazilian Earth System Model Ocean-Atmosphere versão 2.5 (BESM-OA 2.5). No cenário RCP 8.5, o modelo apresentou sensibilidade sobre toda a bacia do Madeira, com aumento da ordem de 4.0 °C na temperatura. O aumento foi intensificado com os cenários de desflorestamentos de 2050 (4.8 °C) e 2100 (6.2 °C). Nos cenários de desflorestamento predominou-se o Mecanismo de Retroalimentação Negativo, pois embora haja reduções na precipitação e evapotranspiração, a convergência de umidade aumentou em todos os cenários. Observou-se aumento das descargas na maioria das estações para todos os cenários futuros RCP 8.5 e desflorestamento. O aumento da precipitação na estação seca explicou em parte o aumento das vazões e na área de inundação sobre a bacia do Madeira. O aumento na precipitação à montante da bacia e a mudança nos parâmetros do solo, associada às alterações no uso da terra, contribuíram para o aumento da vazão e área de inundação sobre a bacia do Madeira. As alterações nas descargas e na área de inundação podem ter efeitos negativos, com prejuízos e danos ao meio ambiente, nos recursos hídricos, nos principais setores da economia, afetando de forma direta as comunidades que vivem às margens dos rios, principalmente as populações vulneráveis da bacia do Madeira. Abstract In this study, we evaluated the impacts of increased GHGs (RCP 8.5 scenario) and future deforestations on the water cycle in the Madeira River basin by using the Eta Regional Model and MGB-IPH Large-scale Hydrological Model, forced by Brazilian Model of the Terrestrial System (BESM-AO 2.5). In the RCP 8.5 scenario, the model demonstrated sensitivity over the entire Madeira basin, with a temperature increase of 4.0 °C. The increase was intensified with the deforestation scenarios for 2050 (4.8 °C) and 2100 (6.2 °C). In the deforestation scenarios, the Negative Feedback Mechanism (NFM) was predominant because, although there were reductions in precipitation and evapotranspiration, the convergence of humidity presented an increase in all the scenarios. Regarding the hydrological processes, an increase in the discharges in most stations for all future scenarios for RCP8.5 and deforestation was observed. The increase in precipitation in the dry season explains in part the increase in the discharges and in the flood area in the Madeira basin. The increased upstream precipitation and the changes in soil parameters associated with the changes in land use contributed to the increase in the flood area over the Madeira basin. These changes can have negative effects on the environment, on water resources and on the main sectors of the economy, which directly affect the communities that inhabit the river banks, especially the vulnerable populations of the Madeira basin.

In this work, we report the dielectric study of erbium niobate ceramic synthesised by the sol–gel method. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the presence of monoclinic ErNbO4, even at the lowest heat-treatment temperature. The frequency dependence dielectric study shows that the value of the dielectric constant, particularly at lower frequencies, is highly influenced by the secondary phase. Impedance spectroscopy analyses revealed a non-Debye relaxation phenomenon in the sample heat-treated at 800 °C. The Nyquist plot from the complex impedance spectrum showed only one semicircular arc, representing the grain effect in the electrical conduction. The modulus mechanism also indicates the non-Debye type of relaxation in the material, which is supported by impedance data, and confirms that the relaxation process is due to short-range motion of charge carriers. Relaxation times, extracted using the imaginary parts of complex impedance and modulus, were found to follow the Arrhenius law. The thermal evolution of the conductivity of the grains also presents an Arrhenius-type behaviour, revealing that charge carriers have to overcome different energy barriers while conducting and relaxing.

We used climate models to assess the effects of 2 distinct anthropogenic forcings on the water budget in the Amazon basin: (1) increasing global greenhouse gases under the RCP8.5 scenario, and (2) land cover change caused by deforestation. The Eta regional climate model, driven by the Brazilian Earth System Model version 2.5 (BESM 2.5), was used to simulate the climate response under the RCP8.5 scenario and due to deforestation throughout the 21st century. Changes in energy and water budgets led to an increase in temperature that reached 5°C throughout the basin. In the RCP8.5 scenario, moisture convergence, precipitation and evapotranspiration all decreased. In this scenario, the positive feedback mechanism was predominant, as the reductions in evapotranspiration and moisture convergence acted in the same direction to reduce precipitation. In the future deforestation scenarios, reductions in precipitation were even stronger. In this case, the negative feedback mechanism predominated, in which the relative reduction in evapotranspiration was greater than the reduction in precipitation, leading to an increase in moisture convergence over the region. Changes in temperature and the water cycle were intensified in the future deforestation scenarios. These results show that the 2 anthropogenic factors can change the water budget and cause an imbalance in the climate-biome system in the Amazon basin, highlighting the need for public conservation policies to halt the increase in environmental degradation in the Amazon basin and to reduce greenhouse gases emissions due the burning of fossil fuels.

A new thermal process to prepare spiroindolin-3-ones from 3-substituted 2,1-benzisoxazoles in good yields (70–85%) is described. The highest yields were observed when microwave irradiation was used. The method does not require the use of any additive or catalyst. A possible reaction mechanism involving a nitrene key intermediate is proposed.

The family of recently described salts based on the electron donor CNB-EDT-TTF (5-cyanobenzene-ethylenedithio-tetrathiafulvalene) and different anions A, with general formula (CNB-EDT-TTF)4A, constitutes an unprecedented type of molecular conductor based on a bilayer structure of the donors. The crystal structures of the bilayer conductors (CNB-EDT-TTF)4A with small discrete anions are reviewed and analyzed considering previously reported compounds with different anions (A = I3−, ClO4−, BF4−, ReO4−, PF6− and SbF6−), as well as three new members of this family described here with AsF6−, AuI2−and I2Br−. A common structural feature of this family of compounds is the head-to-head arrangement of the donors, induced by a network of weak CN⋯H–C interactions, which can be described as an effective combination of R22(10) and R24(10) synthons, forming donor bilayers alternating with anionic layers. The magnitude of the interactions associated with R22(10) and R24(10) synthons is estimated to be 4.7 and 10.0 kcal mol−1, respectively. In spite of the common donor bilayer arrangement, a rich diversity of structural variations and polymorphs is observed. These structures are related to different types of donor or anion arrangements, which are analyzed. For all anions a β′′-type packing pattern of the donor molecules arranged in virtually identical bilayers is observed. However, for (CNB-EDT-TTF)4I3, so far a unique exception in this family of compounds, a distinct κ-type packing of the donors, is also obtained as a metastable phase as shown also by DFT calculations that predict the κ-phase above the β′′-phase. Another type of polymorphism is observed in β′′-(CNB-EDT-TTF)4A, compounds with tetrahedral anions, related to the tilting of the donor molecules (either alternating or uniform) in successive bilayers, leading to monoclinic or triclinic unit cells, with doubling of one cell parameter corresponding to the thickness of one bilayer (∼25 A). Finally, the anions, which often appear with fractional site occupation factors, can be ordered in the anionic plane, with different degrees of correlation between successive anion planes as shown in the AsF6.compound. The implications of these structural features in the electronic properties of these compounds are also discussed.

Ao longo das ultimas decadas, fatores economicos, sociais, politicos, de saude, entre outros, favoreceram o crescimento urbano, porem, juntamente ao crescimento da populacao, ocorrem tambem uma serie de problemas advindos do processo de urbanizacao desordenado. Dentre estes e possivel destacar: dificuldade na gestao de residuos, escassez de recursos naturais, poluicao do ar e sonora, condicoes inadequadas no sistema de saude, precariedade de transporte publico e mobilidade urbana, obsolescencia nas atividades de seguranca publica, dentre outros fatores que prejudicam a qualidade de vida da populacao. No intuito de melhorar este cenario, foi desenvolvido um novo conceito vinculada as tecnologias existentes, que sao as chamadas Smart Cities – Cidades inteligentes e os Smart Buildings – Edificios inteligentes, que permitem um ambiente urbano mais sustentavel e que proporciona melhor qualidade de vida aos seus cidadaos. Com base nisso, o estudo em questao possui como objetivo apresentar os conceitos vinculados aos chamados smart buildings , bem como, a aplicacao de solucoes sustentaveis, vinculadas a tecnologia nestas edificacoes, tudo no intuito, de buscar uma minimizacao do processo acelerado de urbanizacao no pais.

O objetivo do artigo e de fornecer o resultado de vasta pesquisa pautada na tecnologia e o fator humano em como impactam o desenvolvimento de Cidades Inteligentes. Serao apresentados conceito, desenvolvimento sustentavel e suas transformacoes, acoes contemporâneas e passadas, a preocupacao com a sustentabilidade e o reflexo na sociedade.Sera estabelecido um parâmetro com a Agenda 2030 das Organizacoes das Nacoes Unidas e os seus 17 objetivos, que aponta a pobreza extrema como o maior desafio global e um requisito indispensavel para o desenvolvimento sustentavel. O mundo podera ser direcionado para um caminho sustentavel e resiliente somente atraves de urgentes medidas ousadas e transformadoras.

Em 2020, o mundo vive um estado de excecao devido a uma pandemia, de maneira que nao era visto ha mais de 100 anos. Tal cenario impactou consideravelmente a vida em sociedade, assim como, as atividades economicas, sendo o setor da construcao civil, um dos que mais foi impactado de imediato. E sabido que a construcao civil e um dos setores mais atrasados tecnologicamente, entao o cenario de caos trazido pelo coronavirus, pode vir a ser um catalisador para a implantacao de tecnologias que venham a minimizar os riscos em um canteiro de obras, alem de trazer maior assertividade e economia, nas atividades a serem realizadas. A partir disso, o estudo tem como objetivo apresentar como a transformacao cultural advinda a partir do surgimento do Covid-19 pode influenciar na aceleracao da transformacao digital no ambiente da construcao civil. Para isso foi adotada como metodologia de desenvolvimento uma revisao integrativa de literatura.