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The hippo pathway transcriptional effectors, YAP/TAZ, are crucial for Schwann cells (SCs) to myelinate axons but the partner transcription factor remains undetermined. Here, using conditional and inducible knockout mice, we report that TEAD1 is essential for SCs to develop, grow, and regenerate myelin sheaths. TEAD1/2/3/4 are all present in SCs, but YAP/TAZ strongly favors TEAD1. It promotes myelination by both positively and negatively regulating SC proliferation, enabling Krox20/Egr2 to upregulate myelin proteins, and upregulating the cholesterol biosynthetic enzymes FDPS and IDI1. We also show stage-dependent redundancy of TEAD1 and that non-myelinating SCs have a unique requirement for TEAD1 to enwrap nociceptive axons in Remak bundles. Our findings establish TEAD1 as a crucial partner of YAP/TAZ in developmental myelination and functional nerve regeneration and as a novel transcription factor regulating Remak bundle integrity.

El interés por el funcionamiento del estanco de la quina (1785-1791) y los saberes asociados alejaron a Zea de la ciencia botánica. El desempeño de Mutis como empresario estatal influyó decisivamente en la decisión de Zea de enriquecerse ejerciendo como burócrata. Se presenta el primer estudio sobre el funcionamiento y la producción del estanco. Protegido por opositores a este tipo de empresa, Zea ingresó a la Expedición Botánica en contradicción con Mutis, malogró su formación como botánico y acabó trabajando en complicidad con el médico negociante. Mutis fue su jefe —no su maestro— y en todo caso su modelo de empresario.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la capacidad del ácido acético (AA) como fumigante en contra de Bemisia tabaci (moquita blanca) que es un plaga de importancia nacional. En el laboratorio, se fumigó el insecto con tres regímenes de dosis - tiempo: (ambos medios), baja - largos y altas - cortos. En el campo, las hojas de calabaza de cuatro variedades fueron fumigadas con 8, 16 y 32 μg ml-1 de AA en tiempos de 20, 40 y 60 min; adicionalmente, se evaluó el daño en las hojas (fitotoxicidad) después de fumigarse. En el laboratorio,tiempodefumigación>15miny8μgml-1deAA mató 100% de la mosquita, mientras que, su supervivencia se redujo 40% al fumigarla ocho horas con 2 μg ml-1de AA; pero la incubación del testigo (mosquita sin fumigar) por ≥ 16 h también redujo su supervivencia; entretanto, con 8 y 16 μg ml-1 de AA se redujo la supervivencia del insecto desde los cinco minutos (~20-80%). En el campo, la mosquita sobrevivió ~ 40% en las hojas de las cuatro variedades después de fumigarse con AA (8-32 μg ml-1) durante 20 min, pero el insecto prácticamente no sobrevivió al aumentar el tiempo de fumigación a 60 min. Las hojas mostraron un daño severo (fitotoxicidad) > al 50% excepto en la dosis de 8 μg ml-1 a los 20 min con un daño de ~ 20%. Se discuten alternativas del empleo del AA como fumigante.

A new pathway of activation of C–H bonds of alkyl- and arylnitriles by a cooperative action of TaCl5 and PPh3 under mild conditions is reported. Coordination of nitriles to the highly Lewis acidic Ta(V) center resulted in an activation of their aliphatic and aromatic C–H bonds, allowing nucleophilic attack and deprotonation by the relatively weak base PPh3. The propensity of Ta(V) to form multiple bonds to nitrogen-containing ligands is an important driving force of the reaction as it led to a sequence of bond rearrangements and the emergence of, in the case of benzonitrile, a zwitterionic enediimido complex of Ta(V) through C═C double bond formation between two activated nitrile fragments. These transformations highlight the special role of the high-valent transition metal halide in substrate activation and distinguish the reactivity of the TaCl5–PPh3 system from both non-metal- and late transition metal-based frustrated Lewis pairs.

This article analyzes the discourse that Antonio José Cavanilles (1745-1804) gave to a description by Francisco Antonio Zea (1766-1822) of the Flora de Bogotá (1798), en “Materiales para la historia de la botánica” (1800) —Anales de Historia Natural, the first Spanish journal dedicated to the sciences. This representation contributed to magnifying the image of José Celestino Mutis (1732-1808) and his work, and gave the botany of Nueva Granada a place of honor in Spain after forty years of marginalization. Its impact in the Iberian Peninsula during more than fifteen years imposed it as a reference point for moving manu militari the cabinet of the Botanical Expedition to Madrid (1817).

Increasing levels of energy consumption, dwindling resources, and environmental considerations have served as compelling motivations to explore renewable alternatives to petroleum-based fuels, including enzymatic routes for hydrocarbon synthesis. Phylogenetically diverse species have long been recognized to produce hydrocarbons, but many of the enzymes responsible have been identified within the past decade. The enzymatic conversion of Cn chain length fatty aldehydes (or acids) to Cn-1 hydrocarbons, alkanes or alkenes, involves a C-C scission reaction. Surprisingly, the enzymes involved in hydrocarbon synthesis utilize non-heme mononuclear iron, dinuclear iron, and thiolate-ligated heme cofactors that are most often associated with monooxygenation reactions. In this review, we examine the mechanisms of several enzymes involved in hydrocarbon biosynthesis, with specific emphasis on the structural and electronic changes that enable this functional switch.

VALENCIA, José Roberto Amaya. Complexidade e avaliação da confiabilidade da informação na Internet. 2019. 303f - Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza (CE), 2019. The present research aims to show the strategies that the students of the PostGraduation Program in Linguistics of the Federal University of Ceará (UFC) use to evaluate the reliability of the information on health topics conveyed on the Internet. Based on the concept of Digital Literacy and the New Literacies Perspective of Online Reading Comprehension (LEU et al., 2013), the informants' online research process will be studied in the light of Complexity Theory, specifically from the approaches of reading as a Complex Adaptive System, proposed by Coiro and Coscarelli (2010) and Franco (2011), to analyze the processes that interact simultaneously and dynamically in online reading comprehension. In order to do this, we chose as analytical categories: prior knowledge (ALEXANDER, 1994; COIRO, DOBLER, 2007), self-explanation and monitoring (GOLDMAN et al., 2012); which, by interacting dynamically with each other, give rise to strategies for evaluating the reliability of information on the Internet. To look at these interactions, we ask for 7 students of the Postgraduate Program in Linguistics of the Federal University of Ceará (UFC) to search the internet for an open-ended question on a controversial topic (vaccines and autism). With the support of Hypercam 4 software and making use of the Verbal Protocol (LOPES, 2009), informants' navigational paths were recorded in audio and video. Soon after the analysis of the data collected, the results revealed that, although evidence was registered that supports the idea that the strategies for assessing information reliability arise from the interaction of prior knowledge, self-explanation and monitoring, it can not be said with certainty, that these results are always the product of these relations; and that it sometimes seems that the criteria and tools for evaluating information are learned and applied automatically. A presente pesquisa visa mostrar as estratégias que os alunos do Programa de PósGraduação em Linguística da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) usam para avaliar a confiabilidade da informação sobre tópicos da saúde veiculada na Internet. Partindo-se do conceito de Letramento Digital e das New Literacies Perspective of Online Reading Comprehension (LEU et al., 2013), o processo de pesquisa online dos informantes será estudado à luz da Teoria da Complexidade, especificamente a partir das abordagens da leitura como um Sistema Adaptativo Complexo, propostos por Coiro e Coscarelli (2010) e Franco (2011), para analisar os processos que interagem simultânea e dinamicamente na leitura e compreensão online. Para tanto, elegemos como categorias de análise: o conhecimento prévio (ALEXANDER, 1994; COIRO; DOBLER, 2007), a auto regulação e o monitoramento (GOLDMAN, et al., 2012), com o intuito de verificar que as interações dinâmicas que esses elementos realizam no processo de leitura, fazem emergir as estratégias para avaliar a confiabilidade da informação na Internet. Para olhar essas interações, pedimos a 7 alunos do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) que procuraram na internet informações para responder a uma pergunta aberta sobre um tema controverso (vacinas e autismo). Com o apoio do software Hypercam 4 e fazendo uso do Protocolo Verbal (LOPES, 2009), foram gravados, em áudio e vídeo, os percursos de navegação dos informantes. Logo após da análise dos dados coletados, os resultados revelaram que, embora que foi registrada evidencia que apoia a ideia de que as estratégias de avaliação da Confiabilidade da informação surgem da interação do conhecimento prévio, a auto explicação e o monitoramento, não pode se dizer com total certeza, que esses resultados sempre são produto dessas relações; e que, às vezes, parece que os critérios e ferramentas para avaliar a informação, são aprendidas e aplicadas de maneira automática.

En el presente artículo se sostiene la hipótesis de que el derecho a la promoción horizontal docente para la asignación de horas adicionales en educación básica es un derecho poliédrico que debe ser entendido y aplicado con estrecha interdependencia a los derechos sociales de antigüedad y preferencia en materia laboral. Lo que, de acuerdo con los cánones del constitucionalismo del presente siglo, obliga a interpretarlo, accionarlo y aplicarlo por todas las autoridades educativas, atendiendo a los principios constitucionales de progresividad, interdependencia, indivisibilidad y pro persona en atención a derechos adquiridos y en favor de la calidad educativa.

The design of a high stability voltage controlled current source (VCCS) for cervical cancer detection (CCD) applying electrical bio-impedance spectroscopy (EBS) is presented. The circuit was designed, simulated and fabricated in TSMC 130 nm CMOS technology at 1.3 V power supply. The proposed Howland current source is based on self-biased complementary folded cascode (SB-CFC) operational amplifier (OA). Complying with the requirements for medical electrical equipment of international standard ABNT-NBR-IEC-60601-1 the sinusoidal current peak amplitude was settled at 10 μA. In accordance with the requirements of the EBS for CCD, the specifications for the SB-CFC-OA were calculated to meet the 100 Hz---1 MHz frequency range for the sinusoidal output current and the output impedance higher than 1 Mź at 1 MHz frequency. Post-layout simulations were run and the main results were: 10 ± 0.0335 μA for the output current peak amplitude over the specified frequency range and with 5 kź load impedance; values above 1.6 Mź output impedance at 1 MHz; nominal current amplitude variations lower than 0.4 % for load impedances in the range of 10 ź up to 5 kź. And the experimental result for maximum non-linearity was 2.19 % of full scale. From these results, the performance of the VCCS is adequate for EBS-CCD applications.

This research intends to establish, analyze and explain the cost of the commissions (1778-1803) imposed by the King Carlos III (1716-1788) under the responsibility of doctor and naturalist Panamanian Sebastian Jose Ruiz, (1741 – 1832). With this purpose in mind, this article tries to contribute to the knowledge of the role of the viceroyal authorities in the science development of the New Kingdom. With this intention, it is taken advantage of the information recently located in the General File of Indian (Seville) and in the General File Nation (Bogota). This article contributes to the understanding of how and why the Bourbon centralism in scientific policy failed in the Viceroyalty of Nueva Granada.

Intensive interest has focused on enzymes that are capable of synthesizing hydrocarbons, alkenes and alkanes, for sustainable fuel production. A recently described cytochrome P450 (OleTJE) from the CYP152 family catalyzes an unusual carbon-carbon scission reaction, transforming Cn fatty acids to Cn-1 1-alkenes. Here, we show that a second CYP152, CYP-MP from Methylobacterium populi ATCC BAA 705, also catalyzes oxidative substrate decarboxylation. Alkene production is accompanied with the production of fatty alcohol products, underscoring the mechanistic similarity of the decarboxylation reaction with canonical P450 monooxygenation chemistry. The branchpoint of these two chemistries, and regiospecificity of oxidation products, is strongly chain length dependent, suggesting an importance of substrate coordination for regulating alkene production.

Acireductone dioxygenase (ARD) is an intriguing enzyme from the methionine salvage pathway that is capable of catalysing two different oxidation reactions with the same substrate depending on the type of the metal ion in the active site. To date, the structural information regarding the ARD–acireductone complex is limited and possible reaction mechanisms are still under debate. The results of joint experimental and computational studies undertaken to advance knowledge about ARD are reported. The crystal structure of an ARD from Homo sapiens was determined with selenomethionine. EPR spectroscopy suggested that binding acireductone triggers one protein residue to dissociate from Fe(2+), which allows NO (and presumably O(2)) to bind directly to the metal. Mössbauer spectroscopic data (interpreted with the aid of DFT calculations) was consistent with bidentate binding of acireductone to Fe(2+) and concomitant dissociation of His88 from the metal. Major features of Fe vibrational spectra obtained for the native enzyme and upon addition of acireductone were reproduced by QM/MM calculations for the proposed models. A computational (QM/MM) study of the reaction mechanisms suggests that Fe(2+) promotes O—O bond homolysis, which elicits cleavage of the C1—C2 bond of the substrate. Higher M(3+) /M(2+) redox potentials of other divalent metals do not support this pathway, and instead the reaction proceeds similarly to the key reaction step in the quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase mechanism.

Cytochrome P450 OleT utilizes hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to catalyze the decarboxylation or hydroxylation of fatty acid (FA) substrates. Both reactions are initiated through the abstraction of a substrate hydrogen atom by the high-valent iron–oxo intermediate known as Compound I. Here, we specifically probe the influence of substrate coordination on OleT reaction partitioning through the combined use of fluorescent and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)-active FA probes and mutagenesis of a structurally disordered F–G loop that is distal from the heme-iron active site. Both probes are efficiently metabolized by OleT and efficiently trigger the formation of Compound I. Transient fluorescence and EPR reveal a slow product release step, mediated by the F–G loop, that limits OleT turnover. A single-amino acid change or excision of the loop reveals that this region establishes critical interactions to anchor FA substrates in place. The stabilization afforded by the F–G loop is essential for regulating regiosp...

A design methodology for an integrated CMOS Current Feedback Instrumentation Amplifier (CFIA) intended for bioespectroscopy measurement is presented in this paper. This methodology takes into account key design aspects such as measurement probe geometry, noise and gain requirements, CMRR, PSRR and operation region considerations (gm/ID analysis) of critical transistors of the amplifier to perform its sizing. Following this methodology, a differential output CFIA was designed in a 0.18-μm CMOS process technology, achieving postlayout simulation results of CMRR averaging 100 dB, bandwidth of 2 MHz, power consumption of 634 μW and base noise level lower than 16 μV rms for a differential gain goal of 50 V/V. This results make the designed circuit suitable for bioimpedance applications.

A new pathway of activation of C-H bonds of alkyl- and arylnitriles by a cooperative action of TaCl

espanolFrancisco Antonio Zea (1766-1822) escribia en 1791 con el seudonimo de Hebephilo. Aqui se presenta un fragmento de su autoria sobre la Flora de Bogota de Jose Celestino Mutis (1732-1808). Data de 1798. El tratamiento que Antonio Jose Cavanilles (1745-1804) le reservo a aquella descripcion en “Materiales para la historia de la botanica” (1800), la convirtio en lugar obligado cuando se ordeno el traslado del gabinete de la Expedicion Botanica (1783- 1816) a Madrid (1814). La formacion de Zea al lado de Mutis es el referente sensible de su descripcion. El objeto del presente estudio se complementa con la relacion de Zea con la tertulia de Narino. EnglishFrancisco Antonio Zea (1766-1822) wrote in 1791 with the pseudonymous of Hebephilo. Here we present a Zea’s fragment about the Flora of Bogota (Flora de Bogota) by Jose Celestino Mutis (1732-1808). The description being dated 1798. The treatment that Antonio Jose Cavanilles (1745-1804) reserved to it in Materials for the history of botany (“Materiales para la historia de la botanica”) (1800), turned it into must place when it was ordered to move the cabinet of the Botanical Expedition (1783- 1816) to Madrid (1814). The instruction of Zea at the side of Mutis is the sensitive referent of his description. The purpose of this study is complemented with the relationship of Zea with the social gathering (Tertulia) of Narino

A detailed description of an automated metering reading system development is presented. The project includes visual computing - VSN (Visual Sensor Network), techniques for image treatment implemented at an OCR (Optical Char- acter Recognition) and data treatment through a service-oriented software structure. The elements of image acquisition and treatment are composed of an embedded system which associates CCD (Charge-coupled device), DSP (Digital Signal Process) and ZigBee Modules of communication. The control interfaces start with a ZigBee-Ethernet communication module and a service-oriented middleware in charge of the abstraction and treatment of the management data of the AMR (Automation Meter Reading) for the application layer. With this system, ZigBee sensors are integrated and form a wireless mesh; the information is then sent to a concentrator. An important characteristic is that this system can be adapted to any kind of energy meter and water meter in Brazil. The total cost of this system is about USD$ 66.00 and it is of easy imple- mentation and operation.

Esta investigación, de corte transversal, descriptiva y correlacional, relacionó las prácticas parentales con la autoestima, la edad de inicio de la relación sexual, la edad de inicio en el uso de sustancias adictivas y el uso de sustancias adictivas, en un grupo de 931 adolescentes de 15 a 20 años, alumnos de un plantel del Colegio de Bachilleres de Chiapas, México. Para el estudio de las prácticas parentales, se siguió el marco construido por Andrade Palos y Betancourt Ocampo (2008), que propone cuatro prácticas para el padre y cinco prácticas para la madre. Se encontró relación significativa entre tres prácticas paternas y la autoestima. Las prácticas paternas no se correlacionaron significativamente con la edad de inicio de la relación sexual ni con la edad de inicio en el uso de sustancias. Sin embargo, tres prácticas parentales paternas y el uso de sustancias presentan una relación significativa. En cuanto a las prácticas maternas, se encontró relación significativa entre las cinco prácticas y la autoestima. Las prácticas maternas no se correlacionan significativamente con la edad de inicio de la relación sexual ni con la edad de inicio en el uso de sustancias adictivas. Las cinco prácticas maternas y el uso de sustancias adictivas tienen una relación significativa.

A 10-bit Numerically Controlled Oscillator (NCO) based on the iterative architecture of COordinate Rotation DIgital Computer (CORDIC) optimized in terms of area is presented. The NCO was implemented in a TSMC CMOS 180 nm technology process. The design specifications were obtained from the requirements for applying Electrical Bio-Impedance Spectroscopy (EBS) to Cervical Cancer Detection (CCD). The architecture proposed was configured to generate 32 different frequencies for sinusoidal output signals in the frequency range of 100Hz up to 1MHz with maximum error of 0.00623% for frequency values obtained from the comparison of theoretical and experimental results. In terms of architecture, the IC area for the CORE circuit was 133μm × 133μm, 0.017 mm2. The designed IC was fabricated, mounted in a QFN48 package and tested into a custom PCB. For implementing comparative analysis in Altera FPGA EP3C5e144C8 — Cyclone III, experimental tests were carried out. A 78% area reduction was obtained with the implementation in the CMOS 180 nm TSMC process of Iterative Architecture in relation to the unrolled Architecture for CORDIC based NCO, which demonstrates the efficiency of a resource sharing technique.

This paper presents the CPSensys application, a new platform for smart houses monitoring using mobile devices. The application favors components heterogeneity and the flexibility in controlling static events. For the final version, the use of a dynamic and proactive model is expected. The interfaces are highly intuitive and allow the user to have a greater interaction with the hardware and transparency in communication procedures.

A continuación, se presenta el análisis cuantitativo de los datos encontrados en el estudio realizado, la presentación se realiza por rubros analizados determinando numéricamente los hallazgos.En este primer rubro de análisis puede notarse, que los catorce factores consultados a los maestros y maestras de las universidades reflejan según los datos generales situaciones muy deficitarios, que podrían estar incidiendo de manera negativa en la búsqueda de la calidad y la excelencia académica a la que aspira toda institución de educación superior en El Salvador.Si observamos con atención cada una de las áreas consultadas identifican con certeza y con mucha cobertura los elementos que deben considerarse en el quehacer curricular de las universidades y cada uno debe verse reflejado en el currículo elaborado para cada una de las carreras que se aferran al conglomerado estudiantil.

La investigación es una función sustantiva que debe realizar la universidad. Su importancia, institucionalmente reconocida, está contenida de forma explícita en la misión y visión que guían el quehacer universitario. Hasta hace algún tiempo la universidad desarrolla actividades de investigación, las cuales son resultado de la aplicación de diferentes criterios presentes en las directrices universitarias tales como:El desarrollo de centros y la creación de unidades académicas que representan diferentes campos del saber y problemáticas específicas del conocimiento. La definición de parámetros sobre la distribución del tiempo de los profesores de planta para el cumplimiento de sus responsabilidades incluida la investigación. El financiamiento directo y el cofinanciamiento de proyectos de investigación.

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de disfonía en la población de profesores de educación primaria y secundaria en el distrito de Pampas-Tayacaja-Huancavelica. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo descriptivo de corte transversal en los profesores del distrito de Pampas; utilizando como instrumento de estudio una entrevista tipo cuestionario dirigida por los investigadores durante los meses de junio, julio y agosto del 2003. Resultados: Se entrevistó a 75 profesores. La edad promedio fue: 36.8 años. Treintados (42.5%) fueron mujeres y 43 (57.5%) hombres. La prevalencia de disfonía acumulada durante el tiempo que vienen trabajando como docente fue: 44%. El 68% de los entrevistados indicaron no haber recibido capacitación para el adecuado uso de su voz. El 74.7% dicta clases por más de 15 horas por semana. 53.3% indicó estar expuesto al polvo proveniente de la tiza. 37.3% mencionó que el ruido ambiental dificulta la comunicación durante el dictado de clases. Conclusión: La prevalencia de disfonía en la población de profesores es alta al compararlo con otros estudios. Asimismo es alta la frecuencia de factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de disfonía en la población estudiada. (Rev Med Hered 2004;15:125-130). Objective: To determine the prevalence of dysphonia in primary and secondary school teachers of Pampas-Tayacaja-Huancavelica District. Material and Methods: A prospective descriptive study was made in teachers of Pampas-Tayacaja-Huancavelica district from June 2003 to August 2003 using interview (questionnaire) how study instrument. Results: 75 teachers were interviewed. 32 (42.5%) were women and 43 (57.5%) men. The mean age was 36.8 years. The prevalence of dysphonia, during all the time that teachers were working at the schools, was 44%. 68% of interviewees did not have training for efficient use of their voice. 74.7% of teachers were working more than 15 hours per week. 53.3% was exposed to the chalk dust. 3.3% of interviewees pointed out that environmental noise diffuculted communication in classroom. Conclusions: Prevalence of dysphonia in population teachers of Pampas-Tayacaja-Huancavelica District is high in comparison with other studies. The frequency of risk factors for development of dysphonia is high in this population. (Rev Med Hered 2004;15:125-130).

Objetivo: Determinar los hallazgos radiográficos pre y post tratamiento en pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de Sinusitis Maxilar Aguda. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo descriptivo comparativo en pacientes que tuvieron diagnóstico clínico de sinusitis maxilar aguda. Se incluyeron 28 pacientes. Todos presentaron curación clínica luego de un tratamiento antibiótico por 10 días. La radiografía post tratamiento fue tomada entre la primera y segunda semana post-tratamiento. Resultados: La edad promedio del grupo de estudio fue: 26 años. La distribución de sexo fue 17 (60.71%) mujeres y 11 (39.29%) hombres. Los hallazgos radiográficos pre-tratamiento fueron: Opacidad Total bilateral 8 (28.6%), Opacidad parcial unilateral 8 (28.6%), Opacidad parcial bilateral 6 (21.4%), Nivel hidroaéreo 2 (7.1%) y Normal 4 (14.2%). Los hallazgos radiográficos post-tratamiento fueron: Normal 17 (60.7%), Opacidad total bilateral 3 (10.7%), Opacidad parcial unilateral 5 (17.9%), Nivel hidroaéreo 2 (7.1%) y Engrosamiento de mucosa 1 (3.5%). Conclusión: La opacidad de tipo parcial o total fue el hallazgo radiográfico más frecuente en la radiografía de senos paranasales pre-tratamiento. El nivel hidroaéreo es poco frecuente en los pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de sinusitis maxilar aguda. La radiografía de senos paranasales post-tratamiento fue normal en aproximadamente la mitad de los casos.(Rev Med Hered 2004; 15:76-81). Objective: To determine the radiographic findings pre and post-treatment in patients with clinical diagnosis of Acute Maxillary Sinusitis. Material and methods: We made a prospective descriptive study in patients who had the clinical diagnosis of Acute Maxillary Sinusitis. 28 patients were included. All patients had clinical resolution after 10 days of antibiotic treatment. The post-treatment radiograph was made between the first and second week after the treatment. Results: The mean age was 26 years. Of 28 patients with acute Maxillary Sinusitis, 17 (60.71%) were women and 11 (39.29%) were men. The radiographic findings, pre-treatment were: bilateral total opacity 8 (28.6%), unilateral partial opacity 8 (28.6%), bilateral partial opacity 6 (21.4%), air-fluid level 2 (7.1%) and normal 4 (14.2%). The radiographic findings, post-treatment were: normal 17 (60.7%), bilateral total opacity 3 (10.7%), unilateral partial opacity 5 (17.9%), air-fluid level 2 (7.1%) and mucosa enlargement 1 (3.5%). Conclusion: The partial or total opacity was the most frequent radiographic finding, pre-treatment. The air-fluid level is not frequent in patients with clinical diagnosis of Acute Maxillary Sinusitis. The radiography of paranasal sinus post-treatment is normal in approximately the half of the cases. (Rev Med Hered 2004; 15:76-81).

Las categorías básicas que permiten la elaboración de un pensamiento ético son la libertad y la responsabilidad. La capacidad del hombre de auto determinarse, de asumir la dirección de su vida, y de ejercer esta capacidad en una acción concreta, lo determina como hombre libre y en cuanto libre, un sujeto ético.La posibilidad de la autodeterminación introduce lo ético en lo que se refiere al hombre.La libertad moral es la posibilidad de ejercer una acción moral. No consiste solo en la posibilidad de elegir, sino que, en la medida de esa elección, que contribuya al crecimiento verdadero de la persona.

La división tradicional entre países ricos del hemisferio norte desarrollado y naciones pobres del hemisferio sur deja de ser suficiente; el norte y el sur coexisten en cada país latinoamericano.La segmentación sigue agravándose entre los sistemas educativos a nivel regional y dentro de los propios países.Al mismo tiempo, el surgimiento de una sociedad basada en el saber y en la información contrasta tanto con las inequidades de las sociedades latinoamericanas, donde millones de personas viven en situación de pobreza, como con el crecimiento de las nuevas generaciones en sociedades excluyentes afectadas por la globalización.Sin embargo, una educación renovada y articulada con la sociedad ayuda a encarar esta fragmentación. La importancia de la educación como factor clave del desarrollo humano y como mecanismo de inclusión social y de fortalecimiento demográfico será fundamental para superar el círculo vicioso de la pobreza.

Design and test results of a fabricated integrated circuit Fifth-Order Derivative Gaussian Pulse Generator – FODGPG in a standard IBM 0.18 m CMOS technology is presented. Is proposed a FODGPG that uses: (a) static inverters based delay circuit; (b) Phase Detector with n-dynamic block, nLatch and static inverter and (c) NMOS Pulse Shaping circuit designed for high speed. The Transistor Dimensions were defined in order to obtain adequate characteristic of a fifth derivative Gaussian Pulse considering required specifications of Breast Cancer Detection System. Full custom layout with minimal dimensions was implemented. Five different fabricated IC`s were tested and values of power supply, peak to peak voltage and width pulse were measured. The measured power supply was 244 W, output pulse peak to peak amplitude was 115.2 mV and pulse width of 407.8 ps with a sinusoidal input signal of 100 MHz. The Pulse Generator circuit was tested resulting in Power Spectral Density with bandwidth of 0.6 GHz to 7.8 GHz that is adequate for UWB applications in Breast Cancer Detection.