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Abstract The Eurasian otter Lutra lutra is a territorial semi-aquatic carnivore usually found at low densities in rivers, coastal areas, and wetlands. Its diet is based on prey associated with aquatic environments. Mediterranean rivers are highly seasonal, and suffer reduced flow during the summer, resulting in isolated river sections (pools) that sometimes can be left with a minimal amount of water, leading to concentrations of food for otters. To our knowledge, this process, which was known to field naturalists, has not been accurately described, nor have otter densities been estimated under these conditions. In this study, we describe the population size and movements of an aggregation of otters in an isolated pool in the Guadiana River in the Tablas de Daimiel National Park (central Spain), which progressively dried out during the spring–summer of 2022, in a context of low connectivity due to the absence of circulating water in the Guadiana and Gigüela rivers. Using non-invasive genetic sampling of 120 spraints collected along 79.4 km of sampling transects and spatial capture-recapture methods, we estimated the otter density at 1.71 individuals/km of river channel length (4.21 individuals/km2) in a progressively drying river pool, up to five times higher than previously described in the Iberian Peninsula. The movement patterns obtained with the spatial capture-recapture model are not quite different from those described in low density, which seems to indicate a wide home range overlap, with low signs of territoriality.

A systematic review of the literature (up to September 2023) has been conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and following the checklist for reporting systematic reviews of PRISMA 2020. The research objective is related to the ethical issues of the Social Work profession associated with the use of digital technologies in professional practice. Increasing ethical challenges arising from the integration of digital technologies in Social Work practice underscore the necessity of this study. Thematic Synthesis Analysis was used to analyze the studies ( n = 15), extracted from five databases: Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, EBSCOhost, and Dialnet Plus. The analysis of documents was carried out with the support of the CADIMA web tool. The results have been grouped into three categories: the effects of digitization on professional practice; education, research and engagement; and ethical challenges in digital professional practice. This article evidences the need to adopt ethical principles and regulatory standards that support the application framework of the profession, and within this framework the right to the protection of digital personal data and the regulation in which they converge.

Introduction and objectivesCorticosteroids are among the drugs demonstrating a mortality benefit for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The RECOVERY trial highlighted that dexamethasone reduced 28-day mortality for hospitalized COVID-19 patients requiring either supplemental oxygen or mechanical ventilation. It is noted that approximately 30% of COVID-19 patients, initially presenting with mild symptoms, will advance to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), especially those with detectable laboratory markers of inflammation indicative of disease progression. Our research aimed to explore the efficacy of dexamethasone in preventing the progression to ARDS in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia who do not yet require additional oxygen but are at high risk of developing ARDS, potentially leading to a reduction in morbimortality.MethodsIn this multicenter, randomized, controlled trial, we evaluated the impact of dexamethasone on adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia who did not need supplementary oxygen at admission but were identified as having risk factors for ARDS. The risk of ARDS was determined based on specific criteria: elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels over 245 U/L, C-reactive protein levels exceeding 100 mg/L, and a lymphocyte count below 0.80 × 109/L. Participants were randomly allocated to either receive dexamethasone or the standard care. The primary endpoints included the incidence of moderate or severe ARDS and all-cause mortality within 30 days post-enrollment.ResultsOne hundred twenty-six patients were randomized. Among them, 41 were female (30.8%), with a mean age of 48.8 ± 14.4 years. Ten patients in the dexamethasone group (17.2%) and ten patients in the control group (14.7%) developed moderate ARDS with no significant differences. Mechanical ventilation was required in six patients (4.7%), with four in the treatment group and two in the control group. There were no deaths during hospitalization or during follow-up. An intermediate analysis for futility showed some differences between the control and treatment groups (Z = 0.0284). However, these findings were within the margins close to the region where the null hypothesis would not be rejected.ConclusionIn patients with COVID-19 pneumonia without oxygen needs but at risk of progressing to severe disease, early dexamethasone administration did not lead to a decrease in ARDS development.Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04836780.

Reseña de: Martí Fraga, Eduard (ed.), Las resistencias nobiliarias al poder real en el siglo XVII. ¿Noblezas rebeldes?, Valencia, Albatros Editores, 2023, 304 págs. ISBN: 9788472744042.

Abstract The lead optimization process in drug discovery campaigns is an arduous endeavour where the input of many medicinal chemists is weighed in order to reach a desired molecular property profile. Building the expertise to successfully drive such projects collaboratively is a very time-consuming process that typically spans many years within a chemist’s career. In this work we aim to replicate this process by applying artificial intelligence learning-to-rank techniques on feedback that was obtained from 35 chemists at Novartis over the course of several months. We exemplify the usefulness of the learned proxies in routine tasks such as compound prioritization, motif rationalization, and biased de novo drug design. Annotated response data is provided, and developed models and code made available through a permissive open-source license.

Abstract Background Very few studies have assessed the association between COVID-19 infection and the rates of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) upon discharge following the first waves of the pandemic and after initiation of vaccination. The primary objective of this study is to compare the rates of EBF since birth upon discharge in mothers diagnosed with COVID-19 infection at the time of the delivery versus a group of non-infected mothers in maternity hospitals with Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) accreditation. The secondary objectives include determining the rates of any breastfeeding at three and six months of life in both groups, as well as determining the possible factors associated with EBF rates observed upon discharge. Methods An observational, Spanish multi-center hospital, prospective cohort study conducted from 1 to 2021 to 31 March 2022 and with follow-up during the first six months of life. Follow-up was performed via telephone contact with calls performed at three and six months. A multivariate logistic regression analysis model was used to identify the factors related to a lower probability of EBF upon discharge. Results 308 mother-infant pairs participated in the study, 111 in the cohort of women with COVID infection and 197 in the comparison group. EBF upon discharge was 62.7% in the COVID group vs. 81.2% in the comparison group (p = 0.002); at three months; 52.4% vs. 57.0% (p = 0.33) were performing EBF, with the rates of EBF at six months being 43.0% vs. 39.3% (p = 0.45), respectively. Exposure to COVID-19 at delivery (AOR 5.28; 95% CI 2.01, 13.86), not practicing BF previously (AOR 36.3; 95% CI 7.02, 187.74), birth via Cesarean section (AOR 5.06; 95% CI 1.62, 15.79) and low birth weight of the newborn (AOR 1.01; 95% CI 1.01, 1.01) were associated with a greater risk of not performing EBF upon discharge. Conclusions Mothers with a mild or asymptomatic COVID-19 infection at the time of the delivery were less likely to have exclusively breastfed during their hospital stay than other mothers in these BFHI-accredited hospitals. However, there were no differences in breastfeeding rates between the groups at three and six months postpartum.

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo realizar un acercamiento hacia la opinión que hombres y mujeres tienen sobre la modalidad de custodia deseada a establecer en caso de ruptura matrimonial, aspecto no analizado en España hasta el momento. Para ello se utiliza la triangulación metodológica, haciendo uso de técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas. Los resultados indican que aspectos como el sexo de los cónyuges, la ideología o el nivel de renta son clave para entender que modalidad de custodia se desea en caso de divorcio. Como principal conclusión destaca la existencia de una disonancia entre la opción más deseada de custodia tras la ruptura de pareja y lo que sucede en realidad.

Abstract Explainable machine learning is increasingly used in drug discovery to help rationalize compound property predictions. Feature attribution techniques are popular choices to identify which molecular substructures are responsible for a predicted property change. However, established molecular feature attribution methods have so far displayed low performance for popular deep learning algorithms such as graph neural networks (GNNs), especially when compared with simpler modeling alternatives such as random forests coupled with atom masking. To mitigate this problem, a modification of the regression objective for GNNs is proposed to specifically account for common core structures between pairs of molecules. The presented approach shows higher accuracy on a recently-proposed explainability benchmark. This methodology has the potential to assist with model explainability in drug discovery pipelines, particularly in lead optimization efforts where specific chemical series are investigated.

Si bien se ha demostrado que una sesión intensa de ejercicio mejora la cognición posterior, incluso en adolescentes, los efectos de los juegos en equipo han recibido poca atención. Por lo tanto, este estudio examinó: el efecto de un episodio agudo de actividad de fútbol al aire libre sobre el procesamiento de la información, el control inhibidor, la memoria de trabajo y el factor neurotrófico derivado del cerebro circulante en adolescentes; el efecto de la aptitud física sobre la cognición y; el efecto moderador de la aptitud física sobre las respuestas agudas al ejercicio. Tras la familiarización, 36 adolescentes (16 niñas) participaron en dos pruebas (60 minutos de fútbol y 60 minutos de descanso sentado) separadas por 7 días en un diseño cruzado contrapesado. El procesamiento de la información y el control inhibitorio y la memoria de trabajo se evaluaron 30 minutos antes del ejercicio/descanso e inmediatamente, 45 y 90 minutos después del ejercicio/descanso. Se obtuvieron muestras de sangre capilar antes del ejercicio/descanso y hasta 120 minutos después del ejercicio/descanso. La mediana de la distancia recorrida en la prueba de aptitud física de varias etapas se utilizó para dividir al grupo en grupos de alta y baja condición física. El rendimiento en las tareas de función cognitiva fue similar entre el fútbol y el descanso sentado. Sin embargo, el grupo de alto estado físico tuvo tiempos de respuesta más rápidos en ambos niveles de la Tarea Stroop y en los tres niveles del Paradigma de Sternberg (efecto principal del estado físico; todos p .05). El presente estudio muestra que niveles más altos de condición física son beneficiosos para la función cognitiva y proporciona evidencia novedosa de que una forma de ejercicio ecológicamente válida y popular es beneficiosa para la memoria de trabajo después del ejercicio, solo en participantes de alta condición física.

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common chronic liver disease that compromises liver function, for which there is not a specifically approved medicine. Recent research has identified transcription factor NRF2 as a potential therapeutic target. However, current NRF2 activators, designed to inhibit its repressor KEAP1, exhibit unwanted side effects. Alternatively, we previously introduced PHAR, a protein-protein interaction inhibitor of NRF2/β-TrCP, which induces a mild NRF2 activation and selectively activates NRF2 in the liver, close to normal physiological levels. Herein, we assessed the effect of PHAR in protection against NASH and its progression to fibrosis. We conducted experiments to demonstrate that PHAR effectively activated NRF2 in hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and stellate cells. Then, we used the STAM mouse model of NASH, based on partial damage of endocrine pancreas and insulin secretion impairment, followed by a high fat diet. Non-invasive analysis using MRI revealed that PHAR protects against liver fat accumulation. Moreover, PHAR attenuated key markers of NASH progression, including liver steatosis, hepatocellular ballooning, inflammation, and fibrosis. Notably, transcriptomic data indicate that PHAR led to upregulation of 3 anti-fibrotic genes (Plg, Serpina1a, and Bmp7) and downregulation of 6 pro-fibrotic (including Acta2 and Col3a1), 11 extracellular matrix remodeling, and 8 inflammatory genes. Overall, our study suggests that the mild activation of NRF2 via the protein-protein interaction inhibitor PHAR holds promise as a strategy for addressing NASH and its progression to liver fibrosis.

Las Matemáticas son consideradas como una ciencia exacta en las competencias del currículo de Educación Básica, actualmente con estudiantes nativos digitales en las aulas. Para una acertada aplicación de Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las matemáticas, es necesaria una conexión con los procesos experienciales y las innovaciones educativas. El objetivo de este artículo fue implementar la estrategia de innovación pedagógica en la enseñanza-aprendizaje basada en TIC en el campo de las matemáticas de educación básica y evaluar sus efectos. Se utilizó un enfoque transversal mixto, un análisis sistemático de la literatura correlacionada de la base de datos Scopus y el análisis bibliométrico de la literatura utilizando criterios de exclusión de palabras clave en la herramienta VOSviewer. Se identificaron las principales estrategias pedagógicas de las innovaciones educativas existentes que aplican las TIC específicas de las matemáticas. Luego, en el desarrollo de un plan de lección en un curso de 10mo para la Educación Básica de matemáticas en una institución educativa, se implementó la estrategia de innovación educativa con una muestra de 22 estudiantes, entre los cuales los estudiantes reconocieron y aplicaron un índice de percepción de 95,45% en el aprendizaje y calificaron a las herramientas TIC aplicadas con el 100% de usabilidad, utilidad y aplicabilidad, además, se demostró una tasa de satisfacción de aprendizaje del 100%. Al evaluar el proceso se evidenció que 95,46% de estudiantes mejoran el rendimiento y desempeño alcanzando los objetivos académicos sustentados en integración de modelos y estrategias de aprendizaje activo.

Primary cardiac tumours are rare and most of them are benign. Myxomas, fibroelastomas and lipomas are common in adults. Primary valvular cardiac tumours are even more rare and affect all four valves in a similar proportion. Valvular lipomas are very rare. In the pulmonary valve there is only one described. Lipomas can be spindle-cell varieties. But of these, there is only one described in a valve, and it is placed in the aortic valve. Pulmonary valve lipomas can produce obstruction to the right ventricular outflow tract as well as pulmonary valve regurgitation, or pulmonary embolism. Symptoms may be dyspnoea, angina, arrhythmias, or syncope. We aim to illustrate with this case report how we came into this very rare pathology, so we present a 54-year-old woman with a giant spindle-cell lipoma located in the anterior pulmonary leaflet and severe dyspnoea. Total resection of the tumour was performed and restoration of valve function was obtained by means of bicuspidization of the remaining pulmonary leaflets. She had a good recovery after surgery and no complication during the postoperative evolution, being discharged from hospital after 7 days from surgery, with echocardiographic control showing good biventricular function, absence of tumour or obstruction, and minimal pulmonary valve regurgitation.

El objetivo central de este trabajo fue explorar la percepción que tienen de sí mismos como lectores y escritores los estudiantes de bachillerato, desde la premisa de que, para indagar sobre su desempeño en estas tareas, se requiere una comprensión más precisa de la forma en que la actividad escolar moldea sus nociones sobre lo que es ser lectores y escritores competentes. Se aplicó un cuestionario sobre autopercepción lectora y escritora a una muestra de 224 estudiantes de dos bachilleratos ofrecidos en escuelas públicas de Guadalajara, México. El análisis de los datos se concentró en tres bloques: autopercepción de los estudiantes para la lectura y la escritura, demandas de lectura y escritura presentes en su entorno escolar, y causas atribuidas a un buen desempeño lector y escritor. Los resultados muestran que las/los estudiantes consideran que son mejores lectores que escritores, sin embargo, reconocen dificultades para la comprensión lectora y redacción de textos, mientras que atribuyen las diferencias en su desempeño a causas como la motivación hacia el estudio y la intervención de las/los docentes. Se concluye señalando la necesidad de que, durante la actividad escolar, sean promovidas estrategias para mejorar la lectura y escritura, independientemente de la asignatura o disciplina que se estudie.

This review aims to obtain the relationships between characteristics of the facilities and the quality of life of older adult residents, and to obtain the direction in which new studies should be addressed as well as their application to healthcare policies. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Multiple databases have been used: Scopus, Web of Science, Wiley online library, PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCOhost, and Emerald, from January 1, 2011 to July 1, 2023. Ten studies from 1,037 articles were included. Evidence exists on the positive relationships between quality of life and hours of management, care, activities, and qualified staff, and in general, the characteristics included in the categories of space management, supporting facilities and building services. In contrast charitable and for-profit facilities, Medicaid status, resident acuity, deficiencies, chain affiliation, size, hours of practical nurses, turnover, and financial resources (except occupancy rate) have a negative impact on quality of life or their dimensions.

Abstract Mesopredators abundance is often limited by top-order predators and also by key food resources. However, the contribution of these bidirectional forces to structure carnivore community is still unclear. Here, we studied how the presence and absence of an apex predator which is currently recovering its former distribution range, the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus), determined the absolute abundance and fine-scale spatiotemporal avoidance mechanisms of two sympatric mesocarnivores (stone marten Martes foina and common genet Genetta genetta) with different dietary plasticity. We hypothesized that the lynx causes a mesopredator suppression and subordinate predators develop segregation strategies in respect to their trophic niche breadth. We placed 120 camera-traps in Southern Spain for 8 months in two consecutive years to estimate mesocarnivore abundances by using SCR Bayesian models, prey availability and assess spatio-temporal patterns. We found that the lynx reduced mesocarnivore abundance up to 10 times. Stone marten, a mesopredator with a broad food resources spectrum, showed a total spatial exclusion with the apex predator. Meanwhile, fine-scale avoidance mechanisms allowed the genet to persist in low density inside lynx territories, probably taking advantage of high availability of its preferred prey. Thus, the strength of these top-down and bottom-up effects was rather species-specific. Given the recent recovery of large carnivore populations worldwide, variation in suppression levels on different mesopredator species could modify ecosystem functions provided by the carnivore community in contrasting ways.

El trabajo analiza de forma descriptiva los matrimonios transnacionales de persona brasileña y española, y sus divorcios, profundizando en sus características y evolución, analizándose tanto los matrimonios heterosexuales como los homosexuales. Como marco comparativo se cuenta con el contexto de la población total y el conjunto de extranjeros en España. La metodología se basa en la explotación de datos secundarios. Se utilizan el Movimiento Nacional de la Población (MNP) y la Estadística de Nulidades, Separaciones y Divorcios (ENSD) entre 2015 y 2020. En los matrimonios binacionales con cónyuge brasileño existe mayor presencia de uniones con brasileñas que con brasileños. En el divorcio, la tasa para población brasileña es superior a la de españoles. La ruptura con brasileñas registra una tasa superior respecto al de maridos brasileños. Destaca, entre las características de estos divorcios, la acentuación de las custodias exclusivas y el alto porcentaje de padres que pagan pensiones alimenticias.

Tumour heterogeneity is one of the main characteristics of cancer and can be categorised into inter‐ or intratumour heterogeneity. This heterogeneity has been revealed as one of the key causes of treatment failure and relapse. Precision oncology is an emerging field that seeks to design tailored treatments for each cancer patient according to epidemiological, clinical and omics data. This discipline relies on bioinformatics tools designed to compute scores to prioritise available drugs, with the aim of helping clinicians in treatment selection. In this review, we describe the current approaches for therapy selection depending on which type of tumour heterogeneity is being targeted and the available next‐generation sequencing data. We cover intertumour heterogeneity studies and individual treatment selection using genomics variants, expression data or multi‐omics strategies. We also describe intratumour dissection through clonal inference and single‐cell transcriptomics, in each case providing bioinformatics tools for tailored treatment selection. Finally, we discuss how these therapy selection workflows could be integrated into the clinical practice.

The combination of alternate fuels, such as biodiesel, and low-temperature combustion (LTC) constitutes a promising solution to reduce pollutant emission and to avoid dependence on fossil fuels. However, this concept requires additional research to optimise LTC of biodiesel over wider operating ranges, specifically including the implementation of numerical models to assist in the development of these engines. In this work, an experimental analysis was carried out assessing both thermal performance and emissions derived from the LTC of diesel/biodiesel blends with late direct injection. Furthermore, this analysis allowed implementing a predictive tool to characterise in-cylinder pressure trace under this operation strategy. This model was coupled with an empirical law to simulate heat release during the combustion process. Least squares method was applied to fit this empirical law to experimental data involving different conditions in terms of percentages of rapeseed biodiesel in the fuel blend, rotational speed, fuel/air equivalence ratio and percentages of external exhaust gas recirculation. To build the predictive model, a multiple regression methodology was used to correlate the law parameters with the operating conditions. Finally, a validation process based on the simulation of in-cylinder pressure trace was developed, revealing that the predictions agreed well with the experimental data. This suggests that the proposed model is able to satisfactorily predict the LTC of diesel/biodiesel blends within the test range.

Background. Human societies have always depended on animals to satisfy different needs such as food, shelter, company, medicine, religion, among others. In Mayan rural areas, at present, the use of fauna is daily, so it is necessary to evaluate the relationships established between them and it is necessary to recognize the value of importance that animals have. Objective. To characterize the use of animals in the homegardens and forest of Mayan communities of Sahcabá and Sanahcat in Yucatan. Qualitative tools such as: interviews, participant observation and questionnaire were used. Results: Twenty-eight animal species were mentioned as useful: 11 in homegardens and 18 in forest; divided into mammals (7 in homegardens, 10 in forest), birds (4 in homegardens, 3 in forest), reptiles (3 in forest) e insect (1 in forest). Chicken, in homegardens, and the deer, in forest, had the highest use value (SUT = 0.86 and 0.84, respectively). Animals are economically important to families and provide them with food. Five species of fauna in homegardens and 2 in forest ones were mentioned with medicinal use for the treatment of 13 different diseases. Hunting, in growing areas and in the dry season, was the main means of obtaining animal biomass, with 15 species of wild fauna hunted for food. Implications: The results contribute to understanding the importance of wild and domestic fauna in the culture, food, and economy of rural families, as well as the role that families play in their conservation. Conclusions: The knowledge and use of fauna in homegardens and forest satisfy economic, nutritional, medicinal, and cultural (stories and legends) needs in the studied communities. Although this knowledge is still valid, losses of it are identified in the population of young people and children.

Background: Cognitive Fusion (CF) limits behavior by perceiving thoughts as real events. It is a crucial process in the evaluation and intervention of contextual therapies. Its measurement is carried out through the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ), which, despite its psychometric analysis in several countries, the studies on its measurement invariance by gender are cases. This lack of information prevents a full understanding of this phenomenon and its comparison by genre. Objective: To evaluate the CFQ measure equivalence across gender, its validity of association with other variables, and its internal consistency using a sample of Ecuadorian university students. Method: Confirmatory factor analyses were designed with the restrictions corresponding to each level of measurement equivalence and the differences between the adjustment indices were evaluated. The validity of association with variables was computed by means of latent relationships and a factorial model was built to evaluate the equivalence of measurement by gender of these correlations. Finally, the total omega for each gender was calculated. Participants: 356 university students (59.1% women), between 18 and 58 years of age (mean= 25.52; sd= 7.51); 43.9% of these students studied in public institutions (43.9%), 27.5% studied in technical and/or technological institutions and 28.6% were enrolled in private institutions. Results: The CFQ shows factorial validity through a unidimensional structure. The equivalence of the measure across gender is strong. Additionally, the CFQ shows validity and coherence with regards to convergence and divergence, and the questionnaire items have high internal consistency. Conclusion: This study significantly expands the knowledge about the psychometric properties of the CFQ in the university population of Ecuador. Women show a greater tendency to CF in the comparison between genders. These findings are valuable for future research to better understand the influence of gender on this phenomenon.

El servidor policial de una Unidad Antinarcóticos cumple con una de las tareas que más responsabilidades tiene bajo su dominio más aún si pertenece al área administrativa pues por sus manos subyacen casos de enorme importancia a nivel procesal, por lo que se encuentra expuesto a constante presión de cubrir a cabalidad con las funciones asignadas a su cargo esta exposición continua provoca respuestas fisiológicas y emocionales que comprenden el estrés. El presente estudio de investigación pretende establecer los efectos que producen en un policía de esta Unidad especializada perteneciente al área operativa y administrativa estas sobrecargas emocionales, y en qué áreas específicas para con esto detallar un esquema terapéutico implementado acorde a estas necesidades con el fin de conseguir mejoras en su salud emocional y por ende en su calidad de vida.

Abstract Estimating population density is critical for effective species conservation, wildlife management planning, and long‐term monitoring. Obtaining accurate estimates is especially important for the wolf (Canis lupus), a widely distributed northern hemisphere apex predator whose management and conservation are highly controversial in most of its range, and whose presence usually generates high‐profile media coverage. The peculiarities of wolf social spatial organization and behavior can violate the assumptions of capture–recapture models (uniformity and independence, respectively) to a greater or lesser extent and make it difficult to obtain precise and reliable density estimates. This paper presents a case study, which estimated the population density of the Iberian wolf in the Dorsal Gallega mountain ridge (Galicia, NW Spain) based on the identification of individual wolves from their traits and behavior using video camera traps and spatially explicit capture–recapture (SCR) analyses. The study followed three phases. Firstly, field data were collected by installing camera traps and changing their location until the entire area was sampled. Second, a complete morphological and behavioral study of the wolves recorded was performed to facilitate individual recognition. Third, overdispersion due to gregariousness and other sources of heterogeneity was modeled in the SCR analyses comparing Poisson and negative binomial observation models with different random effects on the baseline detection probability. We estimated a density of 2.88 (SD: 0.37) wolves/100 km2 in the study area. We concluded that estimating wolf population size using camera trap videos, individual identification, and SCR provides a feasible method and can be used for estimating the density in similar species.

The clinical manifestation of median nerve entrapment at the carpal tunnel level is known as carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Electroneurography (ENG) is considered the gold standard in CTS evaluation. We conducted a retrospective study and analyzed some clinical and demographic variables, relating them to the degree of neuropathy using ENG, to better understand the role of ENG in this very common disease. We studied 816 patients referred to our service for neurographic evaluation. Their symptoms were classified as compatible with CTS (cCTS) (n = 646) and atypical for CTS (aCTS) (n = 170). A blind ENG was performed on 797 patients. Patient characteristics were coded as variables and analyzed to study whether they could predict neuropathy severity (sensory and motor involvement or grade ≥ 3 in our classification). We found a correlation between typical symptomatology, age over 50 years, male gender, positivity of Phalen’s maneuver and Tinel’s sign, and a neuropathy grade ≥ 3. We also found a correlation with CTS in the contralateral hand if the other hand showed neuropathy, despite the lack of symptoms in this hand. We propose a practical algorithm for ENG referral based on clinical symptoms, demographic factors, and neurophysiological variables.

Introducción: Las actitudes docentes hacia la investigación influyen en la percepción e interés del estudiante afectando su enseñanza en el aula. Objetivo: Evaluar actitudes hacia la investigación en docentes, desde la relación con su enseñanza, e identificando si las actitudes y la autoevaluación muestran diferencias en función del nivel educativo donde se desempeña el profesor y su formación de pregrado en investigación. Metodología: Estudio correlacional simple con 214 docentes, evaluados con la Escala de Actitudes hacia la Investigación Revisada (EACIN-R) para identificar las actitudes desinterés, vocación y valoración, y un cuestionario ad hoc de autoevaluación del interés, uso y seguridad al enseñar investigación. Resultados y discusión: Las actitudes vocación (rho = 0.55, p < 0.001) y valoración investigativa (rho=.33, p < 0.001) correlacionan positivamente con la autoevaluación docente, mientras que el desinterés se relaciona de forma inversa (rho = –0.35, p

Push and pull driving factors are important motivational antecedents of entrepreneurial intention. Perceptual variables, such as perceived risk in venture creation and opportunity recognition, also play a significant role in this question. However, the existing research has not analyzed all these factors in conjunction, which would enable better identification of entrepreneurial intention. This study advances the understanding of the relationship between push–pull factors and entrepreneurial intention through an analysis of the mediating effects of perceived risk and opportunity recognition. The results of a structural equation model (partial least squares, PLS) applied to a sample of 616 Spanish undergraduate students reveal that the influence of pull factors on entrepreneurial intention is positive, and partially mediated by opportunity recognition. However, the influence of push factors on entrepreneurial intention is indirect and negative. Push factors have a negative impact on entrepreneurial intention, increasing individuals’ perceptions of risk in venture creation and undermining their opportunity recognition. The paper extends the current knowledge on how entrepreneurial intention is formed, integrating the Push-Pull Theory into Krueger's 1993 Model of Entrepreneurial Intention, thus incorporating motivational and perceptual variables into a unified model. The results suggest practical implications for forming entrepreneurial intention in individuals from three perspectives: entrepreneurship education, public policy and practitioners. Specifically, these implications mainly focus on the importance of designing programs and policies aimed at favoring pull-related motivations (i.e., self-realization, independence), as well as helping develop perceptions that venture creation entails low risk and that an interesting high-value added business opportunity is recognized.

Este artículo aborda los significados del concepto «metodología de la investigación», inferidos a partir de la revisión de los planes y programas de estudios de tres programas de doctorado en Educación de México. Estos doctorados, además de diseños curriculares específicos, cuentan con profesores consolidados en procesos de investigación y varias generaciones de estudiantes formados(as). En este documento se explica el análisis realizado de los planes y programas, basado en la delimitación e interpretación de unidades de contenido presentes en el discurso curricular relacionadas con el concepto metodología de la investigación. Producto de lo anterior, se enuncian algunos hallazgos acerca de significados dados en cada programa doctoral a elementos clave de este concepto, junto con una mirada comparativa entre los tres programas, en el marco de estudio de la formación para la investigación educativa. Como parte de los resultados se encontraron nueve grandes atribuciones de significado al concepto, con distinto nivel de afinidad entre estos programas. Se comparten las concepciones de que la metodología de la investigación es más una lógica de generación de conocimiento que una definición de técnicas, así como el hecho de que comprende bases epistemológicas para métodos particulares. En todos los programas se sostiene, asimismo, el carácter de la metodología de la investigación como objeto de conocimiento y de formación en constante evolución.