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Self-ageism has a significant negative impact on older people's ageing experiences and health outcomes. Despite ample evidence on cross-cultural ageism, studies have rarely looked into the way cultural contexts affect self-ageism. In this article, we compare expressions of self-ageism and its possible predictors across four European countries based on two questionnaires in a study sample of 2,494 individuals aged 55 and older. We explore how predictors of self-ageism are moderated by cultural values in a comparative fixed-effects regression model. We empirically show that similarly to ageism, self-ageism is not present in the same way and to the same extent in every country. Moreover, the level to which cultures value hierarchy and intellectual autonomy significantly moderates the association between self-ageism and individual predictors of self-ageism. Our study adds to the small existing body of work on self-ageism by confirming empirically that certain expressions of self-ageism and individual predictors are susceptible to change in different cultural contexts. Our research results suggest that self-ageism interventions may benefit from a culturally sensitive approach and imply that more culturally diverse comparisons of self-ageism are necessary to figure out fitting ways to reduce self-ageism.

Purpose: Care for older adults should preferably be provided in a person-centred way that includes goal planning. The aim of the present cohort study is to gain an insight into the results of goal planning, in a person-centred care setting for community-living older adults. Materials and methods: Within Embrace, a person-centred and integrated care service, older adults set goals with the aim to improve health-related problems. For every goal, they rated severity scores ranging from 0 (no problem) to 10 (extremely severe): a baseline score, a target score and, within one year, an end score to evaluate these goals. The differences between baseline and end scores (goal progress) and target and end scores (goal attainment), and the percentage of goals attained were calculated and compared between health-related domains (i.e., mental health, physical health, mobility, and support). Results: Among 233 older adults, 836 goal plans were formulated of which 74% (95% Confidence Interval: 71–77) were attained. Goals related to physical health were the most likely to be attained and goals for mobility and pain the least likely. Conclusions: Older adults are able to attain health-related goals through collaborative goal planning. We recommend future integrated care programmes for older adults to incorporate goal-planning methods to achieve person-centred care.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONOlder adults experiencing frailty or complex care needs and receiving individual support within an integrated care setting are able to formulate and attain goals using goal planning with severity scores.Goal plans of community-living older adults mostly aim at improving health-related problems concerning physical health, mobility, or support.Goals related to physical health are the most likely to be attained, while goals for mobility and pain are the least likely to be attained. Older adults experiencing frailty or complex care needs and receiving individual support within an integrated care setting are able to formulate and attain goals using goal planning with severity scores. Goal plans of community-living older adults mostly aim at improving health-related problems concerning physical health, mobility, or support. Goals related to physical health are the most likely to be attained, while goals for mobility and pain are the least likely to be attained.

De zorg voor kwetsbare ouderen wordt steeds complexer en zorgplannen kunnen helpen die zorg te vereenvoudigen. Vanuit de huisartsenpraktijk kan een casemanager binnen een ouderenteam thuiswonende 75-plussers goed helpen gezamenlijk zorgdoelen te formuleren en die grotendeels ook te behalen. In SamenOud, een nieuw persoonsgericht en integraal zorgmodel, is dit principe met succes toegepast.

Background Physical inactivity has contributed to the current prevalence of many age-related diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Peer coach physical activity intervention are effective in increasing long term physical activity in community dwelling older adults. Linking peer coach physical activity interventions to formal care could therefore be a promising novel method to improve health in inactive older adults to a successful long-term physical activity intervention. Methods We evaluated the effects of linking a peer coach physical activity intervention in Leiden, The Netherlands to primary care through an exercise referral scheme from July 2018 to April 2020. Primary care practices in the neighborhoods of three existing peer coach physical activity groups were invited to refer patients to the exercise groups. Referrals were registered at the primary care practice and participation in the peer coach groups was registered by the peer coaches of the exercise groups. Results During the study, a total of 106 patients were referred to the peer coach groups. 5.7% of patients participated at the peer coach groups and 66.7% remained participating during the 1 year follow up. The number needed to refer for 1 long term participant was 26.5. The mean frequency of participation of the referred participants was 1.2 times a week. Conclusion Linking a peer coach physical activity intervention for older adults to a primary care referral scheme reached only a small fraction of the estimated target population. However, of the people that came to the peer coach intervention a large portion continued to participate during the entire study period. The number needed to refer to engage one older person in long term physical activity was similar to other referral schemes for lifestyle interventions. The potential benefits could be regarded proportional to the small effort needed to refer.

Background: Older adults and care professionals advocate a more integrated and proactive care approach. This can be achieved by proactive outpatient assessment services that offer comprehensive geriatric assessments to better understand the needs of older adults and deliver person-centered and preventive care. However, the effects of these services are inconsistent. Increased involvement of the older adult during the assessment service could increase the effects on older adult's well-being. Methods: We studied the effect of an assessment service (Sage-atAge) for community-dwelling frail adults aged >= 65 years. After studying the local experiences, this service was adapted with the aim to increase participant involvement through individual goal setting and using motivational interviewing techniques by health-care professionals (Sage-atAge+). Within Sage-atAge+, when finishing the assessment, a "goal card" was written together with the older adult: a summary of the assessment, including goals and recommendations. We measured well-being with a composite endpoint consisting of health, psychological, quality of life, and social components. With regression analysis, we compared the effects of the Sage-atAge and Sage-atAge+ services on the well-being of participants. Results: In total, 453 older adults were eligible for analysis with a mean age of 77 (+/- 7.0) years of whom 62% were women. We found no significant difference in the change in well-being scores between the Sage-atAge+ service and the original Sage-atAge service (B, 0.037; 95% CI, -0.188 to 0.263). Also, no change in well-being scores was found even when selecting only those participants for the Sage-atAge+ group who received a goal card. Conclusion: Efforts to increase the involvement of older adults through motivational interviewing and goal setting showed no additional effect on well-being. Further research is needed to explore the relationship between increased participant involvement and well-being to further develop person-centered care for older adults.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is more prevalent among women 60 years or older than among women younger than 60 years. However, we know much more about the breast cancer experiences of younger women than of older women. Such knowledge is important, for example, to guide treatment decisions or to provide psychosocial care.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to gain insight into the experiences of women with breast cancer 70 years or older.METHODS: Semistructured interviews were conducted with 21 older patients with breast cancer in the Netherlands. We used open coding and affinity diagramming to evoke the themes reflecting the experiences of these women.RESULTS: Four themes emerged from the data: living through and coping with breast cancer, information exchange and informed choice, support experiences, and impact on daily life. Getting breast cancer took some women by surprise. However, older women with breast cancer coped fairly well and were satisfied with the support they received, especially from oncology nurses. Disturbing treatment adverse effects and changes in appearance, comorbid diseases, lack of clear information, and/or an unsupportive environment complicated their living with breast cancer.CONCLUSIONS: Even though many older women with breast cancer handle their disease rather well, some women do encounter difficulties. Lack of support, comorbid diseases, and treatment adverse effects warrant extra attention.IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Nurses' close attention to women at risk and early intervention could help relieve individual suffering, while taking these womens' strengths into account can enhance self-management.This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work, provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially.

Background Older patients with multiple morbidities are a particularly vulnerable population that is likely to face complex medical decisions at some time in their lives. A patient-centered medical care fosters the inclusion of the patients’ perspectives, priorities, and complaints into clinical decision making. Methods This article presents a short and non-normative assessment tool to capture the priorities and problems of older patients. The so-called LAVA (“Life and Vitality Assessment”) tool was developed for practical use in seniors in the general population and for residents in nursing homes in order to gain more knowledge about the patients themselves as well as to facilitate access to the patients. The LAVA tool conceptualizes well-being from the perspectives of older individuals themselves rather than from the perspectives of outside individuals. Results The LAVA tool is graphically presented and the assessment is explained in detail. Exemplarily, the outcomes of the assessments with the LAVA of three multimorbid older patients are presented and discussed. In each case, the assessment pointed out resources as well as at least one problem area, rated as very important by the patients themselves. Conclusions The LAVA tool is a short, non-normative, and useful approach that encapsulates the perspectives of well-being of multimorbid patients and gives insights into their resources and problem areas.

Contains fulltext : 243559.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Objectives: Goal setting and motivational interviewing (MI) may increase well-being by promoting healthy behavior. Since we failed to show improved well-being in a proactive assessment service for community-dwelling older adults applying these techniques, we studied whether implementation processes could explain this. Methods: Goals set during the comprehensive geriatric assessment were evaluated on their potential for behavior change. MI and goal setting adherence wasassessed by reviewing audiotaped interactions and interviewing care professionals. Results: Among the 280 goals set with 230 frail older adults (mean age 77 ± 6.9 years, 59% women), more than 90% had a low potential for behavior change. Quality thresholds for MI were reached in only one of the 11 interactions. Application was hindered by the context and the limited proficiency of care professionals. Discussion: Implementation was suboptimal for goal setting and MI. This decreased the potential for improved well-being in the participating older adults.

Many older adults do not reach the recommended level of physical activity, despite many professional-delivered physical activity interventions. Here we study the implementation of a novel physical activity intervention for older adults that is self-sustainable (no financial support) and self-organizing (participants act as organizers) due to peer coaching. We implemented three groups and evaluated process and effect using participatory observations, questionnaires, six-minute walk tests and body composition measures from October 2016 to September 2018. The intervention was implemented by staff without experience in physical activity interventions. Facilitators were a motivated initiator and a non-professional atmosphere for participants to take ownership. Barriers were the absence of motivated participants to take ownership and insufficient participants to ensure the presence of participants at every exercise session. The groups exercised outside five days a week and were self-organizing after 114, 216 and 263 days. The initial investments were 170€ for sport equipment and 81–187 h. The groups reached 118 members and a retention of 86.4% in two years. The groups continue to exist at the time of writing and are self-sustainable. Quality of life increased 0.4 on a ten-point scale (95%CI 0.1–0.7; p = 0.02) and six-minute walk test results improved with 33 m (95%CI 18–48; p

Background Lowering vascular risk is associated with a decrease in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease and dementia. However, it is still unknown whether lowering of vascular risk with pharmacological treatment preserves cognitive performance in general. Therefore, we compared the change in cognitive performance in persons with and without treatment of vascular risk factors. Methods In this longitudinal observational study, 256 persons (mean age, 58 years) were treated for increased vascular risk during a mean follow-up period of 5.5 years (treatment group), whereas 1678 persons (mean age, 50 years) did not receive treatment (control group). Cognitive performance was three times measured during follow-up using the Ruff Figural Fluency Test (RFFT) and Visual Association Test (VAT), and calculated as the average of standardized RFFT and VAT score per participant. Because treatment allocation was nonrandomized, additional analyses were performed in demographic and vascular risk-matched samples and adjusted for propensity scores. Results In the treatment group, mean (SD) cognitive performance changed from − 0.30 (0.80) to − 0.23 (0.80) to 0.02 (0.87), and in control group, from 0.08 (0.77) to 0.24 (0.79) to 0.49 (0.74) at the first, second and third measurement, respectively (ptrend p = 0.08). Similar results were found in matched samples and after adjustment for propensity score. Conclusion Change in cognitive performance during follow-up was similar in treated and untreated persons. This suggests that lowering vascular risk preserves cognitive performance.

Background Poor cognitive performance is associated with high vascular risk. However, this association is only investigated in elderly. As neuropathological changes precede clinical symptoms of cognitive impairment by several decades, it is likely that cognitive performance is already associated with vascular risk at middle-age. Objectives To investigate the association of cognitive performance with treatable vascular risk in middle-aged and old persons. Design Longitudinal study with three measurements during follow-up period of 5.5 years. Setting City of Groningen, the Netherlands. Participants Cohort of 3,572 participants (age range, 35–82 years; mean age, 54 years; men, 52%). Exposure Treatable vascular risk as defined by treatable components of the Framingham Risk Score for Cardiovascular Disease at the first measurement (diabetes mellitus, smoking, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension). Measurements Change in cognitive performance during follow-up. Cognitive performance was measured with Ruff Figural Fluency Test (RFFT) and Visual Association Test (VAT), and calculated as the average of the standardized RFFT and VAT score per participant. Results The mean (SD) cognitive performance changed from 0.00 (0.79) at the first measurement to 0.15 (0.83) at second measurement and to 0.39 (0.82) at the third measurement (Ptrend

Introduction Future doctors must be trained in giving appropriate care to terminal patients. In several countries, medical curricula have been reviewed for the attention devoted to end-of-life care (ELC). In the Netherlands, no formal review had been performed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide an overview of the Dutch medical curricula regarding ELC. Methods We formed a checklist based on international standards consisting of five domains of ELC education that are considered essential. Firstly, we studied the Dutch national blueprint on medical education. Secondly, using a questionnaire based on the checklist we studied the curricula of the eight medical faculties. A questionnaire was sent to all Dutch medical faculties to study the compulsory courses of the curricula. To assess the elective courses, we consulted the study guides. Results The national blueprint included four of the five domains of ELC. None of the eight medical faculties taught all domains specifically on ELC; they were taught within other courses. Most attention was given to the domains on psychological, sociological, cultural and spiritual aspects; communication and conversational techniques; and juridical and ethical aspects. One faculty taught an elective course that included all essential aspects of the international standards. Discussion Our study shows that ELC is currently insufficiently mentioned in the national blueprint and that none of the faculties fully integrated ELC as a part of their compulsory medical curricula. To improve ELC education, we recommend the Dutch Federation of University Medical Centres to add the five ELC domains to the national blueprint and we recommend the medical faculties to review their curricula and offer a separate and compulsory course on ELC to prepare their students for their future medical practice. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40037-018-0447-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Er is nog geen behandeling om mensen te genezen van dementie. Daarom wordt er veel onderzoek gedaan naar mogelijkheden om dementie te voorkomen. Een van de aandachtspunten binnen het preventieve onderzoek is de behandeling van vasculaire risicofactoren, zoals hypertensie, hypercholesterolemie en diabetes mellitus, en het stoppen met roken. Deze vasculaire risicofactoren veroorzaken aderverkalking, wat bijdraagt aan neurodegeneratieve veranderingen die ten grondslag liggen aan dementie. Het algemene doel van ons onderzoek was om het verband tussen cognitieve functies en vasculaire risicofactoren vanaf jongmiddelbare tot oudere leeftijd te onderzoeken. Daarnaast onderzochten we of er een verband bestaat tussen de verandering in cognitieve functies en de medicamenteuze behandeling van vasculaire risicofactoren. Samenvattend hebben we gevonden dat er een negatief verband is tussen de cognitieve functies en de vasculaire risicofactoren. Hoe hoger het vasculair risico, hoe slechter de cognitieve functies. Dit verband is het sterkst aanwezig op jongmiddelbare leeftijd. Dit suggereert dat er zo vroeg mogelijk gestart zou moeten worden met behandeling van vasculaire risicofactoren om effectief te zijn in het voorkomen van achteruitgang van de cognitieve functies. In dit onderzoek kon echter niet worden bevestigd dat vroege medicamenteuze behandeling van vasculaire risicofactoren de cognitieve functies verbetert.

Background Sedentary behavior is associated with health risks and academic under-achievement in children. Still, children spend a large part of their waking hours sitting at a desk at school. Recent short-term studies demonstrated the potential of sit-to-stand desks to reduce sitting time in primary education. The program of “A Good Beginning” was conceived to assess the long-term effects of sit-to-stand desks on sitting time in primary education, and to examine how sit-to-stand desks versus regular desks relate to academic performance, and measures of executive functioning, health and wellbeing. The present paper describes the design of this group-randomized trial, which started in 2017 and will be completed in 2019. Methods Children of two grade-three groups (age 8–9) following regular primary education in Leiden, The Netherlands, were recruited. A coin toss determined which group is the experimental group; the other group is the control group. All children in the experimental group received sit-to-stand desks. They are invited and motivated to reduce sedentary time at school, however, it is their own choice to sit or stand. Children in the control group use regular desks. Otherwise, both groups receive regular treatment. Outcomes are assessed at baseline (T0) and at five follow-up sessions (T1-T5) alternately in winter and summer seasons over three academic years. Primary outcome measures are academic performance, and the proportion of sitting time at school, measured with a 3D accelerometer. Secondary outcome measures are a number of measures related to executive functioning (e.g., N-back task for working memory), health (e.g., height and weight for BMI), and wellbeing (e.g., KIDSCREEN-52 for Quality of Life). Discussion A Good Beginning is a two-and-a-half-year research program, which aims to provide a better understanding of the long-term effects of sit-to-stand desks on sedentary time at school and the relation between sitting time reduction and academic performance, executive functioning, health and wellbeing. The findings may serve as useful information for policy making and practical decision making for school and classroom environments. Trial registration The program of “A Good Beginning” is registered at the Netherlands Trial Register (NTR, https://www.trialregister.nl), number NL6166, registration date 24 November 2016.

OBJECTIVE: The study evaluated the nurse-led intervention " Community Health Consultation Offices for Seniors (CHCO)" on health-related and care needs-related outcomes in community-dwelling older people (⩾60 years).METHOD: With a quasi-experimental design, the CHCO intervention was evaluated on health-related and care needs-related outcomes after 1-year follow-up. Older people who received the intervention were frail, overweight, or were smoking. The comparison group received care as usual. In both groups, similar data were collected on health status, falls and fractures, and care needs. In the intervention group, additional data were collected on biometric measures and health-related behavior.RESULTS: The intervention group and the care-as-usual group included 403 seniors and 984 seniors, respectively. Health-related outcomes, behaviors, and biometric measures, remained stable. After 1 year, care needs increased for both groups, but at a lower rate for the care-as-usual group.DISCUSSION: The CHCO intervention showed no significant improvement on health-related outcomes or stability in care needs-related outcomes.

ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to examine the pattern of changes over time in health status (HS) and quality of life (QoL) in the first year after hip fracture and to quantify the association between frailty at the onset of hip fracture and the change in HS and QoL 1 year later. The major hypothesis was that frailty, a clinical state of increased vulnerability, is a good predictor of QoL in patients recovering from hip fracture.DesignProspective, observational, follow-up cohort study.SettingSecondary care. Ten participating centres in Brabant, the Netherlands.Participants1091 patients entered the study and 696 patients completed the study. Patients with a hip fracture aged 65 years and older or proxy respondents for patients with cognitive impairment were included in this study.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcomes were HS (EuroQol-5 Dimensions questionnaire) and capability well-being (ICEpop CAPability measure for Older people). Prefracture frailty was defined with the Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI), with GFI ≥4 indicating frailty. Participants were followed up at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after hospital admission.ResultsIn total, 371 patients (53.3%) were considered frail. Frailty was negatively associated with HS (β −0.333; 95% CI −0.366 to −0.299), self-rated health (β −21.9; 95% CI −24.2 to −19.6) and capability well-being (β −0.296; 95% CI −0.322 to −0.270) in elderly patients 1 year after hip fracture. After adjusting for confounders, including death, prefracture HS, age, prefracture residential status, prefracture mobility, American Society of Anesthesiologists grading and dementia, associations were weakened but remained significant.ConclusionsWe revealed that frailty is negatively associated with QoL 1 year after hip fracture, even after adjusting for confounders. This finding suggests that early identification of prefracture frailty in patients with a hip fracture is important for prognostic counselling, care planning and the tailoring of treatment.Trial registration numberNCT02508675

Introduction This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of complications in elderly patients with a hip fracture following integrated orthogeriatric treatment. To discover factors that might be adjusted, in order to improve outcome in those patients, we examined the association between baseline patient characteristics and a complicated course.Methods We included patients aged 70 years and older with a hip fracture, who were treated at the Centre for Geriatric Traumatology (CvGT) at Ziekenhuisgroep Twente (ZGT) Almelo, the Netherlands between April 2011 and October 2013. Data registration was carried out using the clinical pathways of the CvGT database. Based on the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, patients were divided into high-risk (HR, ASA 3 >=, n = 341) and low-risk (LR, ASA 1-2, n = 111) groups and compared on their recovery. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for a complicated course.Results The analysis demonstrated that 49.6% (n = 224) of the patients experienced a complicated course with an in-hospital mortality rate of 3.8% (n = 17). In 57.5% (n = 196) of the HR patients, a complicated course was seen compared to 25.2% (n = 28) of the LR patients. The most common complications in both groups were the occurrence of delirium (HR 25.8% vs. LR 8.1%, p = 0.001), anemia (HR 19.4% vs. LR 6.3%, p = 0.001), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) (HR 10.6% vs. LR 7.2%, p = 0.301) and pneumonia (HR 10.9% vs. LR 5.4%, p = 0.089). Independent risk factors for a complicated course were increasing age (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.07, p = 0.023), delirium risk VMS Frailty score (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.04-2.37, p = 0.031) and ASA score = 3 (OR 3.62, 95% CI 2.22-5.91, p = 0.001).Conclusions After integrated orthogeriatric treatment, a complicated course was seen in 49.6% of the patients with a hip fracture. The in-hospital mortality rate was 3.8%. Important risk factors for a complicated course were increasing age, poor medical condition and delirium risk VMS Frailty score. Awareness of risk factors that affect the course during admission can be useful in optimizing care and outcomes. In the search for possible areas for improvement in care, targeted preventive measures to mitigate delirium, and healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), such as CAUTIs and pneumonia are important.

Background: Hip fractures are common in the elderly and have a high risk of early mortality. Identification of patients at high risk of early mortality could contribute to enhanced quality of care. A simple scoring system is essential for preoperative identification of patients at high risk of early mortality in clinical practice. Of risk models published, The Nottingham Hip Fracture Score (NHFS) shows the most promising results so far. However, there is still room for improvement.Methods: A cohort study including 850 patients was conducted over a period of 5,5 yr. The NHFS was adjusted for cognitive impairment (NHFS-a) and tested. Patients who died within 30 days following hip fracture surgery (early mortality group) were compared to survivors. Independent risk factors for early mortality were assessed. A new hip fracture score for frail elderly was developed: the Almelo Hip Fracture Score (AHFS). The NHFS-a and the AHFS were compared for accuracy and predictive validity.Results: Sixty-four (7.5%) patients died within 30 days following hip fracture surgery. The AHFS predicts the risk of early mortality better than the NHFS-a (p Conclusions: The AHFS can identify frail elderly at high risk of early mortality following hip fracture surgery accurately. With the AHFS, the patient can be classified into the low, medium or high risk group, which contributes to enhanced quality of care in clinical practice. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

BackgroundThe growing number of community-dwelling older adults and the increased risks of adverse health events that accompany ageing, call for health promotion interventions. Nurses often lead these interventions. The views and experiences of older adults participating in these interventions have rarely been studied. To understand the views of targeted older adults, qualitative studies are essential. The aim of this study was to investigate the views and experiences of older adults on their participation in a nurse-led intervention, taking into account their views on healthy aging.MethodsIn a qualitative study, nineteen Dutch older adults aged 62 to 92 years participated in semi-structured interviews. These were transcribed verbatim and coded with the Qualitative Data Analysis Miner software program. The Qualitative Analysis Guide of Leuven was used for data analysis.ResultsBased on the analysis of the interviews, the following main themes emerged from the data reflecting the experiences of the participants: 1) awareness of aging, 2) experienced interaction with the nurse, and 3) perception of the consultations as a check-up and/or personal support.ConclusionsThis study underscores the importance of nurse-led interventions that match older adults' personal views concerning healthy living, and their views and experiences concerning these interventions. Older adults' holistic views of healthy living were not always assessed and valued by the nurses. Also, our study shows a wide variety of expectations, views and experiences among the participating older adults. This implies that health professionals should adjust their working and communication methods to the older adult's views on life.

Purpose: Prostate cancer is highly prevalent and invasive among older men. Not knowing their experiences hampers care and support to men with prostate cancer and prostate cancer survivors. This study aims to provide insight into older men's experiences with prostate cancer in order to improve personalised care.Methods: A qualitative research design through semi-structured interviews with 22 older men with prostate cancer was conducted in two areas of the Netherlands in 2015. Patients were selected through systematic non-probabilistic sampling. The transcripts were analysed with conventional content analysis and affinity diagramming.Results: Four themes emerged from the data: impact of prostate cancer, dealing with prostate cancer and treatment, involvement of and with others, and experiences with professional care and the care trajectory. The way patients dealt with prostate cancer and their experiences with the care they received varied. Overall, hospital care was rated positively, and communication was a crucial determinant of the patient's satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Some patients lacked information about their health status, which may have influenced decision-making processes. Some were reluctant to talk about their disease with other people and sometimes hesitated to ask for help.Conclusion: Despite many positive care experiences, some patients felt that the communication, information provision and decision-making were inadequate. Vulnerable patients with severe complications or limited social support may need additional psychosocial care. Lowering the threshold for patients to ask for help and the availability of a professional with expert knowledge about prostate cancer and ageing may decrease unnecessary hardship and increase personal strengths.

Background: Post myocardial infarction (MI) depression is associated with reduced adherence to cardiac rehabilitation (CR) and increased mortality risk. The present study investigated whether all cause mortality reduction associated with CR is different for MI patients with and without depressive symptoms.Methods: Data of 2198 post MI patients from the Depression after Myocardial Infarction (DepreMI) study and Myocardial Infarction and Depression Intervention Trial (MIND IT) was used. Depression was assessed at hospitalization, defined as a score >= 10 on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Participation in CR was assessed with a self report questionnaire, 12 months post MI. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for all cause mortality, up till 10 years post MI Missing data was imputed, using multiple imputation.Results: 878 (52%) Patients attended CR, 517 (26%) patients had a BDl score >= 10, and 379 (18%) patients died during the follow-up period. Overall, CR was not associated with a lower mortality risk (HR: 0.83; 0.54-1.30; p=0.41), adjusted for age, sex, left ventricle ejection fraction, previous MI, and past or current heart failure. However, there was a significant interaction between depression and CR On mortality (HR: 0.49; 027-0.90; p=0.02). CR was significantly associated with reduced mortality in depressed patients (HR: 0.48; 0.28-0.84; p=0.01), but not in non-depressed patients (HR: 1.09; 0.63-1.89; p=0.74).Limitations: Patients were not randomized to CR. We had no information about the specific reasons of clinicians to offer CR and about the patients' motives to participate.Conclusions: CR was associated with reduced mortality risk only for MI-patients with depression. Clinicians should therefore particularly encourage MI-patients with depression to participate in CR. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Objectives: Measures of frailty (Groningen Frailty Indicator, GFI) and case complexity (INTERMED for the Elderly, IM-E-SA) may assist healthcare professionals to allocate healthcare resources. Both instruments have been evaluated with good psychometric properties. Limited evidence has been published about their predictive validity. Thus, our aim is to evaluate the predictive validity of both instruments on healthcare costs.Methods: Multivariate linear regression models were developed to estimate associations between the predictors frailty (GFI) and/or case complexity (IM-E-SA) and the healthcare costs (in log transformed) in the following year. All models were adjusted for demographics and the presence of morbidity.Results: In the multivariate regression analyses the continuous scores of the GFI and IM-E-SA remained significant predictors for total healthcare costs. Adjusted beta s for GFI and IM-E-SA were respectively 0.14 (95% CI 0.10-0.18) and 0.06 (95% CI 0.04-0.07). The corresponding explained variance (R-2) for both models was 0.40. Frailty remained a significant predictor of long-term care costs (adjusted beta 0.13 [95% CI 0.09-0.16]), while case complexity was a significant predictor of curative care costs (adjusted beta 0.03 195% CI 0.02-0.05]).Conclusions: The GFI and IM-E-SA both accurately predict total healthcare costs in the following year. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Many age-related diseases can be prevented or delayed by daily physical activity. Unfortunately, many older adults do not per- form physical activity at the recommended level. Professional interventions do not reach large numbers of older adults for a long period of time. We studied a peer-coach intervention, in which older adults coach each other, that increased daily physi- cal activity of community dwelling older adults for over 6 years. We studied the format and e ects of this peer coach interven- tion for possible future implementation elsewhere. Through interviews and participatory observation we studied the format of the intervention. We also used a questionnaire (n = 55) and collected 6-min walk test data (n = 261) from 2014 to 2016 to determine the motivations of participants and effects of the intervention on health, well-being and physical capacity. Vitality Club is a self-sustainable group of older adults that gather every weekday to exercise coached by an older adult. Members attend on average 2.5 days per week and retention rate is 77.5% after 6 years. The members perceived improve- ments in several health measures. In line with this, the 6-min walk test results of members of this Vitality Club improved with 21.7 meters per year, compared with the decline of 2–7 meters per year in the general population. This Vitality Club is successful in durably engaging its members in physical activity. The members perceive improvements in health that are in line with improvements in a physical function test. Because of the self-sustainable character of the intervention, peer coaching has the potential to be scaled up at low cost and increase physical activity in the increasing number of older adults.

Daily physical activity has proven effective for the prevention and treatment of many age-related diseases and can improve balance, mobility and quality of life. Unfortunately, most older people do not meet recommended daily levels of physical activity. Interventions by professionals are successful in improving daily physical activity during the intervention but are too labor and budget intensive to be employed on a population scale.

Life history theory links human physical and sexual development to longevity. However, there have been no studies on the association of intellectual development with longevity. This observational study investigates the relationship between the onset of intellectual maturity and lifespan through the life histories of composers and creative writers, whose intellectual development can be gauged through their compositions and writings. In these groups we model the relationship between the age at first creative work, and age at death using multilevel regression, adjusting for sex, date of birth, and nationality. Historical biographical records on 1110 musical composers and 1182 creative writers, born in the period 1400 AD through 1915 AD, were obtained from the Oxford Companion to Music and the Oxford Companion to English Literature. Composers and creative writers lived, respectively 0.16 (p = 0.02) and 0.18 (p

Objective: To improve health care for the elderly, a consideration of biopsychosocial health care needs may be of particular importance-especially because of the prevalence of multiple conditions, mental disorders, and social challenges facing elderly people. The aim of the study was to investigate significance and costs of biopsychosocial health care needs in elderly people. Methods: Data were derived from the 8-year follow-up of the ESTHER study-a German epidemiological study in the elderly population. A total of 3124 participants aged 57 to 84 years were visited at home by trained medical doctors. Biopsychosocial health care needs were assessed using the INTERMED for the Elderly (IM-E) interview. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was measured by the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey, and psychosomatic burden was measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire. Results: The IM-E correlated with decreased mental (mental component score: r = -0.38, p

Providing patients with more person-centred care without increasing costs is a key challenge in healthcare. A relevant but often ignored hindrance to delivering person-centred care is that the current segmentation of the population and the associated organization of healthcare supply are based on diseases. A person-centred segmentation, i.e., based on persons' own experienced difficulties in fulfilling needs, is an elementary but often overlooked first step in developing efficient demand-driven care. This paper describes a person-centred segmentation study of elderly, a large and increasing target group confronted with heterogeneous and often interrelated difficulties in their functioning. In twenty-five diverse healthcare and welfare organizations as well as elderly associations in the Netherlands, data were collected on the difficulties in biopsychosocial functioning experienced by 2019 older adults. Data were collected between March 2010 and January 2011 and sampling took place based on their (temporarily) living conditions. Factor Mixture Model was conducted to categorize the respondents into segments with relatively similar experienced difficulties concerning their functioning. First, the analyses show that older adults can be empirically categorized into five meaningful segments: feeling vital; difficulties with psychosocial coping; physical and mobility complaints; difficulties experienced in multiple domains; and feeling extremely frail. The categorization seems robust as it was replicated in two population-based samples in the Netherlands. The segmentation's usefulness is discussed and illustrated through an evaluation of the alignment between a segment's unfulfilled biopsychosocial needs and current healthcare utilization. The set of person-centred segmentation variables provides healthcare providers the option to perform a more comprehensive first triage step than only a disease-based one. The outcomes of this first step could guide a focused and, therefore, more efficient second triage step. On a local or regional level, this person-centred segmentation provides input information to policymakers and care providers for the demand-driven allocation of resources. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Objectives: The INFERMED for the Elderly Self Assessment (IM-E-SA) was developed to support health care professionals in providing demand driven elderly care. It assesses case complexity and health care needs as perceived by older adults themselves. By applying this instrument tailored care can be provided as it supports professionals in their allocation decisions. The aim was to evaluate the measurement properties of the IM-E-SA.Methods: In this cross-sectional study 338 elderly people completed a postal questionnaire and participated in an interview. Feasibility of the IM-E-SA was assessed by determining the percentages of missing values per item. Reliability of the IM-E-SA was expressed as Cronbach's alpha. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated between the IM-E-SA and IM-E. Nonparametric tests were applied to assess if the IM-E-SA could distinguish between subgroups of elderly adults who differed on demographic characteristics and the prevalence of diseases/disorders. Convergent validity and discriminant validity were assessed using Spearman rank correlations between the IM-E-SA and IM-E, life satisfaction (Cantril's Ladder of Life), activities of daily living (Katz extended), quality of life (EQ-5D), mental health (SF-36) and prevalence of diseases/disorders.Results: Percentages of missing values per IM-E-SA item ranged from 0 to 5%. Cronbach's alpha was.78. The ICC between the total scores of the IM-E-SA and the IM-E was.68. The IM-E-SA yielded statistically significant differences between subgroups (known-group validity). Correlations evaluating the convergent validity were moderate to strong (.50-.70). Those correlations assessing the discriminant validity were moderate (.38-.53).Conclusion: This study supports the feasibility, reliability and validity of the IM-E-SA. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Objective: The INTERMED Self-Assessment questionnaire (IMSA) was developed as an alternative to the observer-rated INTERMED (IM) to assess biopsychosocial complexity and health care needs. We studied feasibility, reliability, and validity of the IMSAwithin a large and heterogeneous international sample of adult hospital inpatients and outpatients as well as its predictive value for health care use (HCU) and quality of life (QoL). Methods: A total of 850 participants aged 17 to 90 years from five countries completed the IMSA and were evaluated with the IM. The following measurement properties were determined: feasibility by percentages of missing values; reliability by Cronbach a; interrater agreement by intraclass correlation coefficients; convergent validity of IMSA scores with mental health (Short Form 36 emotional well-being subscale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), medical health (Cumulative Illness Rating Scale) and QoL (Euroqol-5D) by Spearman rank correlations; and predictive validity of IMSA scores with HCU and QoL by (generalized) linear mixed models. Results: Feasibility, face validity, and reliability (Cronbach a = 0.80) were satisfactory. Intraclass correlation coefficient between IMSA and IM total scores was.78 (95% CI =.75-.81). Correlations of the IMSAwith the Short Form 36, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Cumulative Illness Rating Scale, and Euroqol-5D (convergent validity) were-.65,.15,.28, and-.59, respectively. The IMSA significantly predicted QoL and also HCU (emergency department visits, hospitalization, outpatient visits, and diagnostic examinations) after 3-and 6-month follow-up. Results were comparable between hospital sites, inpatients and outpatients, as well as age groups. Conclusions: The IMSA is a generic and time-efficient method to assess biopsychosocial complexity and to provide guidance for multidisciplinary care trajectories in adult patients, with good reliability and validity across different cultures.

With the aging of the population, the interest in clinical trials concerning frail elderly patients has increased. Evidence-based practice for the elderly patient is difficult because elderly patients, especially the frail, are often excluded from clinical trials. To facilitate the participation of frail elderly patients in clinical trials, investigators should be more aware of possible barriers when setting up research. While conducting a trial entitled 'A randomized controlled trial of geriatric liaison intervention in frail surgical oncology patients' (LIFE) the main problem was low inclusion rates. This was due to: 1) limited physical and cognitive. reserve of frail elderly patients making participation and extra visits to the hospital a burden for patients; 2) difficulty with understanding written information and information given by telephone; and 3) insufficient awareness of the study by health care professionals. To increase inclusion rates, follow-up measurements were taken at a home visit. To overcome barriers to understanding written information and information given over the phone, patients were informed face to face and questionnaires were filled in an interview format. To increase awareness, posters, pencil and sweets with the logo of the study were distributed and the study protocol was repeatedly explained to new staff. Moreover, it was checked if possible eligible patients coming to the hospital were indeed screened for participation. The mentioned measures, increased inclusion rates but also caused an increased time investment and consequently extra financial resources for staff costs. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Patient navigation (PN) and patient activation (PA) interventions are widely used to help patients with cancer to manage the disease and the care trajectory. However, the usability and impact of these interventions on older patients and their well-being are unclear. This study aims to show which PN and PA interventions are being used and what impact they have. After systematically searching the literature, we assessed the quality of the publications we found. The publications had to involve at least a subgroup of older people with minimally one abnormal oncologic test result each, and they had to focus on PN or PA interventions. Six PA publications examined the interventions exclusively for elderly patients. Each of the 11 PN and PA publications contained at least one comment about the impact on older patients. The types of impact varied substantially, but there was scant attention to the quality of life. The type of intervention, the outcome measures and the quality of publications also varied considerably. Generally, age is not an important factor in PN and PA studies. To facilitate adjustment of navigation and activation interventions to the individual patient, more rigorous research into the impact of PN and PA interventions on older patients is necessary.

Objective: Recent developments in research and mobile health enable a quantitative idiographic approach in health research. The present study investigates the potential of an electronic diary crowdsourcing study in the Netherlands for (1) large-scale automated self-assessment for individual-based health promotion and (2) enabling research at both the between-persons and within-persons level. To illustrate the latter, we examined between-persons and within-persons associations between somatic symptoms and quality of life.Methods: A website provided the general Dutch population access to a 30-day (3 times a day) diary study assessing 43 items related to health and well-being, which gave participants personalized feedback. Associations between somatic symptoms and quality of life were examined with a linear mixed model.Results: A total of 629 participants completed 28,430 assessments, with a mean (SD) of 45 (32) assessments per participant. Most participants (n = 517 [82%]) were women and 531 (84%) had high education. Almost 40% of the participants (n = 247) completed enough assessments (t = 68) to generate personalized feedback including temporal dynamics between well-being, health behavior, and emotions. Substantial between-person variability was found in the within-person association between somatic symptoms and quality of life.Conclusions: We successfully built an application for automated diary assessments and personalized feedback. The application was used by a sample of mainly highly educated women, which suggests that the potential of our intensive diary assessment method for large-scale health promotion is limited. However, a rich data set was collected that allows for group-level and idiographic analyses that can shed light on etiological processes and may contribute to the development of empirical-based health promotion solutions.

Background and aims: Refusal of patients to participate in intervention programs is an important problem in clinical trials but, in general, researchers devote relatively little attention to it. In this article, a comparison is made between patients who, after having been invited, agreed to participate in a self-management intervention (participants) and those who refused (refusers). Compared with other studies of refusers, relatively more information could be gathered with regard to both their characteristics and reasons for refusing, because all potential participants were invited personally. Methods: Older patients from a Dutch outpatient clinic were invited to participate in a self-management intervention, and their characteristics were assessed. Demographic data were collected, as well as data on physical functioning and lack of emotional support. People who refused to participate were asked to give their reasons for refusing. Results: Of the 361 patients invited, 267 (74%) refused participation. These refusers were more restricted in their mobility, lived further away from the location of the intervention, and had a partner more often than did the participants. No differences were found in level of education, age or gender. The main reasons given by respondents for refusing to participate were lack of time, travel distance, and transport problems. Conclusions: As in many studies, the refusal rate in this study is high, and seems to be related to physical mobility restrictions, travel distance and, partly, to availability of emotional support. These findings may be used to make the recruitment process more effective - for example, by offering transport to the location of the intervention.

Objective This study aimed to compare the effects of music therapy with general recreational day activities in reducing agitation in people with dementia, residing in nursing home facilities. Methods In a randomised controlled design, residents with dementia (n = 94) were allocated to either music therapy or recreational activities. Both music therapy and general activities were offered twice weekly for 4 months. Changes in agitation were measured with a modified Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) at four intervals on each intervention day. A mixed model analysis was used to evaluate the effectiveness of music therapy, compared with general activities, on CMAI scores at 4 h after the intervention, controlled for CMAI scores at 1 h before the session and session number. Results Data were analysed for 77 residents (43 randomised to music therapy and 34 to general activities). In both groups, the intervention resulted in a decrease in agitated behaviours from 1 h before to 4 h after each session. This decrease was somewhat greater in the music therapy group than in the general activities group, but this difference was statistically not significant (F = 2.885, p = 0.090) and disappeared completely after adjustment for Global Deterioration Scale stage (F = 1.500; p = 0.222). Conclusions Both music therapy and recreational activities lead to a short-term decrease in agitation, but there was no additional beneficial effect of music therapy over general activities. More research is required to provide insight in the effects of music therapy in reducing agitation in demented older people. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.