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Este artículo analiza la relación entre vida y utopía en Eugenia. Esbozo novelesco de costumbres futuras (1919) de Eduardo Urzaiz. Partiendo de nociones como utopía crítica (Moylan) y utopía experimental (Abensour), el artículo explora cómo la novela de Urzaiz desoculta sistemáticamente las ambivalencias y contradicciones inherentes a las sociedades eugenésicas. Estos casos de contradicción revelan que la vida, a pesar de las tecnologías que intentan codificar su devenir constante, es en realidad un flujo que excede cualquier forma preestablecida. Eugenia pone en escena la existencia de formas-de-vida (Agamben) que buscan desactivar el control biopolítico de los cuerpos y poblaciones.

This article explores the representations of plant life and botanical ethics in Jose Vasconcelos's philosophical work. Drawing from some ideas of so-called critical plant studies, I investigate the ontological, political, and ecological implications of Vasconcelos's plant theory. I contend that it is a set of suggestions that ultimately put pressure on the stability of his own philosophical and political thought. The article focuses on two aspects of vegetal life that Vasconcelos highlights and theorizes: consciousness and collectivity. While the idea of plant consciousness as a tight interweaving of organic and inorganic elements tends to destabilize the anthropomorphic notion of human consciousness, plant collectivity stages a contingent and proliferating multiplicity that resists its domestication into a stable totality. In this way, Vasconcelos's encounter with plants suddenly uncovers the possibility of an ecological and anarchic thought. In the last section, I examine how these philosophical ideas about plants shed new light and cast an innovative image of La raza cosmica

International audience; DC railways are characterized by particularly intense arcing caused by pantograph detachment, due to the large current intensity and the general implementation of onboard resonant filters, whose transient response is triggered by electric transients including electric arcs. Electric arc depends on the train speed (the relative speed between the sliding contact over the pantograph and the hot spot on the catenary system), the intensity of the collected pantograph current and the line voltage level. Electric arcs are broadband in nature and can trigger the system transient response dominated by the resonant filter, besides interfering with the operation of onboard equipment (such as for energy conversion and metering).

This article examines the political and philosophical implications of plasmogenia, the theory of the origin of life developed by Mexican biologist Alfonso Herrera during the initial decades of the twentieth century. Focusing on Herrera's theoretical reflection on life and his institutional initiatives throughout the revolutionary and years, the article argues that there is a structuring contradiction between the biopolitical utopia concerning the creation of a perfect man and the conception of life as an inorganic and constant becoming. In a paradoxical way, Herrera's notion of vida universal tends to deterritorialize his own project of artificially manufacturing a superman in the laboratory. This essay shows that plasmogenia not only played an unforeseen role during the process of state formation after the Mexican Revolution, but it also continues to intervene decisively in current debates about biopolitics and the philosophy of life.

For many years, structural macroeconomic models used at central banks for policy evaluation have exhibited New Keynesian features such as nominal rigidities and forward-looking decision-making. More recently, new contributions have added more detailed characterizations of the financial sector. This chapter employs a comparative approach to investigate the characteristics of this new generation of macro-financial models and documents increased model uncertainty. Policy transmission is highly heterogeneous across types of financial frictions and monetary policy has larger effects, on average. A simple policy rule optimized to perform well over several models with financial frictions involves a weaker response to inflation and the output gap than in earlier models. Including a response to financial variables such as credit growth does not improve performance very much, yet a response to output growth does. Models with financial frictions produce somewhat better forecasts. Overall, model-averaging yields a more robust framework for designing monetary policy.

Se considera que las creencias religiosas, los valores y los modos de concebir la realidad inciden en todo racionamiento del ser humano y, por tanto, en sus decisiones. Así, desde el punto de vista económico, a pesar de que estos aspectos se encuentran por fuera de los mercados, influyen sobre el funcionamiento de la economía. En este documento se propone –bajo la perspectiva de la economía de la cultura y de la economía de la religión– analizar la forma en que la religión y el contexto socioeconómico modelan los idearios y los comportamientos relacionados con las decisiones de tener hijos en las familias de la ciudad de Cartagena (Colombia). Se desarrolló un estudio teórico-explicativo, y se aportó evidencia empírica de la situación en la ciudad en la que se vincularon las variables de interés.

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) was proposed for untreatable colorectal liver metastases. The present study evaluates tumor control and potential radiotoxicity of BNCT in an experimental model of liver metastasis. BDIX rats were inoculated with syngeneic colon cancer cells DHD/K12/TRb. Tumor-bearing animals were divided into three groups: BPA-BNCT, boronophenylalanine (BPA) + neutron irradiation; Beam only, neutron irradiation; Sham, matched manipulation. The total absorbed dose administered with BPA-BNCT was 13 ± 3 Gy in tumor and 9 ± 2 Gy in healthy liver. Three weeks post-treatment, the tumor surface area post-treatment/pre-treatment ratio was 0.46 ± 0.20 for BPA-BNCT, 2.7 ± 1.8 for Beam only and 4.5 ± 3.1 for Sham. The pre-treatment tumor nodule mass of 48 ± 19 mg fell significantly to 19 ± 16 mg for BPA-BNCT, but rose significantly to 140 ± 106 mg for Beam only and to 346 ± 302 mg for Sham. For both end points, the differences between the BPA-BNCT group and each of the other groups were statistically significant (ANOVA). No clinical, macroscopic or histological normal liver radiotoxicity was observed. It is concluded that BPA-BNCT induced a significant remission of experimental colorectal tumor nodules in liver with no contributory liver toxicity.

A PGNAA facility is being developed for 10 B concentration measurements at RA-3 reactor. Its design targets detection limits better than tenths of a microgram and irradiation times on the order of minutes. Computational models were developed, which estimated thermal neutron fluxes in irradiation position to be larger than 10 9 n cm −2 s −1 . Calculated amounts of photons and fast neutrons make necessary for filter/moderator arrangements. An irradiation device was designed and numerically tested, which is being built and is to be used for performing characterizing measurements.

In the present study the therapeutic effect and potential toxicity of the novel "Sequential" boron neutron capture therapy (Seq-BNCT) for the treatment of oral cancer was evaluated in the hamster cheek pouch model at the RA-3 Nuclear Reactor. Two groups of animals were treated with "Sequential" BNCT, i.e., BNCT mediated by boronophenylalanine (BPA) followed by BNCT mediated by sodium decahydrodecaborate (GB-10) either 24 h (Seq-24h-BNCT) or 48 h (Seq-48h-BNCT) later. In an additional group of animals, BPA and GB-10 were administered concomitantly [(BPA + GB-10)-BNCT]. The single-application BNCT was to the same total physical tumor dose as the "Sequential" BNCT treatments. At 28 days post-treatment, Seq-24h-BNCT and Seq-48h-BNCT induced, respectively, overall tumor responses of 95 ± 2% and 91 ± 3%, with no statistically significant differences between protocols. Overall response for the single treatment with (BPA + GB-10)-BNCT was 75 ± 5%, significantly lower than for Seq-BNCT. Both Seq-BNCT protocols and (BPA + GB-10)-BNCT induced reversible mucositis in the dose-limiting precancerous tissue around treated tumors, reaching Grade 3/4 mucositis in 47 ± 12% and 60 ± 22% of the animals, respectively. No normal tissue toxicity was associated with tumor response for any of the protocols. "Sequential" BNCT enhanced tumor response without an increase in mucositis in dose-limiting precancerous tissue.

En el Departamento de Citogenética del Centro Nacional de Genética Médica, donde se realiza diagnóstico prenatal citogenético (DPC) y estudio cromosómico a parejas con sospecha de cromosomopatías, se ha creado un programa nombrado Cromodat, implementado en Foxpro, que recoge en una base de datos de 4 tablas diferentes (ficheros con estensión DBF), según el tipo de muestra que posibilita la obtención del cariotipo, los datos clínicos de interés, nombre y dirección de cada paciente con el resultado de su examen, y que permite de forma sencilla y rápida, realizar operaciones como: añadir nuevos pacientes a la base de datos, localizar los ya incorporados por varias vías de acceso, completar la información sobre cada uno, listarlos de acuerdo con diferentes condiciones de búsqueda, e imprimir en una planilla los resultados de su estudio. Es posible también confeccionar e imprimir informes generales que correspondan a un intervalo de tiempo preseleccionado.A program called Cromodat has been created at the Cytogenetics Department of the National Center of Medical Genetics, where the cytogenetic prenatal diagnosis (CPD) is made and the chromosomatic study of couples suspected of chromosomopathies is conducted. This program is implemented in Foxpro, and includes in a database of 4 different tables (files with DBF extension), according to the type of sample that allows the obtention of the karyotype, the clinical results of interest, and the name and address of each patient with the result of the examination. It also makes possible in an easy and fast way to perform operations such as: to add new patients to the database, to localize those already incorporated by several ways of access, to complete the information on each one, to list them according to different search conditions, and to print in a form the results of the study. It is possible to make and print general reports corresponding to a preselected time interval, too.

El presente trabajo pretende dar a conocer la posibilidad de operar el yacimiento minero de Bayóvar para producir fertilizantes, especificamente abonos integrados : NPK.

Fifty adults enrolled in an inner-city alcoholism clinic were interviewed to determine their knowledge about HIV/AIDS and transmission routes and to clarify their behavioral risk factors. Findings revealed that the sample had fairly good to excellent HIV/ AIDS knowledge. They possessed considerable misinformation about correct condom use, however, and knowledge levels were not correlated significantly with safer sexual practices. Men, younger women, and drinking clients engaged in more high risk sexual activities than did other respondents. The survey's findings have implications for AIDS prevention efforts with this population: (1) Assessment of differential HIV/AIDS risk factors should be incorporated routinely into alcoholism counseling; (2) interventions must be individualized to address specific risk factors and client beliefs; (3) specific skill development strategies that address negotiations in sexual encounters and which teach correct condom use should be added to AIDS information programs; and, ...

A facility for the irradiation of a section of patients' explanted liver and lung was constructed at RA-3 reactor, Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, Argentina. The facility, located in the thermal column, is characterized by the possibility to insert and extract samples without the need to shutdown the reactor. In order to reach the best levels of security and efficacy of the treatment, it is necessary to perform an accurate dosimetry. The possibility to simulate neutron flux and absorbed dose in the explanted organs, together with the experimental dosimetry, allows setting more precise and effective treatment plans. To this end, a computational model of the entire reactor was set-up, and the simulations were validated with the experimental measurements performed in the facility.

En este artículo se revisa rápidamente las características que deben tener los productos para subsistir en el mercado, se ve como un producto puede ser fabricado a menor costo y cuanto podemos pagar por él. La cooperación de la universidad con la industria puede llevar a una reducción de costos, como resultado de humanizar el trabajo.

El presente trabajo es un efoque integral de la explotación e industrialización del "Gas de Camisea". Se plantea el inicio de la descentralización de nuestra indusria, que actualmente gravita en un 80% en el área de Lima-Callao. Toma en cuenta los tres factores más importancia de una explotación de recursos naturales. a) identificación con la región, la que recibirá beneficios sustantivos. b) Industrialización guiada por una integración vertical para llegar a producir artículos que te desliguen del mercado internacional de las materias primas, siempre incierto y variante. c) Reemplazo de los insumos importados, tales como petróleo diesel, residual N° 6 y toda la gama de productos elaborados a base de petróleo que el país consume: PVC, Fibras textiles, resinas.

A new irradiation facility has been developed in the RA-3 reactor in order to perform trials for the treatment of liver metastases using boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). RA-3 is a production research reactor that works continuously five days a week. It had a thermal column with a small cross section access tunnel that was not accessible during operation. The objective of the work was to perform the necessary modifications to obtain a facility for irradiating a portion of the human liver. This irradiation facility must be operated without disrupting the normal reactor schedule and requires a highly thermalized neutron spectrum, a thermal flux of around 10(10) n cm(-2)s(-1) that is as isotropic and uniform as possible, as well as on-line instrumentation. The main modifications consist of enlarging the access tunnel inside the thermal column to the suitable dimensions, reducing the gamma dose rate at the irradiation position, and constructing properly shielded entrance gates enabled by logical control to safely irradiate and withdraw samples with the reactor at full power. Activation foils and a neutron shielded graphite ionization chamber were used for a preliminary in-air characterization of the irradiation site. The constructed facility is very practical and easy to use. Operational authorization was obtained from radioprotection personnel after confirming radiation levels did not significantly increase after the modification. A highly thermalized and homogenous irradiation field was obtained. Measurements in the empty cavity showed a thermal flux near 10(10) n cm(-2)s(-1), a cadmium ratio of 4100 for gold foils and a gamma dose rate of approximately 5 Gy h(-1).

The National Atomic Energy Commission of Argentina (CNEA) constructed a novel thermal neutron source for use in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) applications at the RA-3 research reactor facility located in Buenos Aires. The aim of the present study was to perform a dosimetric characterization of the facility and undertake radiobiological studies of BNCT in an experimental model of oral cancer in the hamster cheek pouch. The free-field thermal flux was 7.1×10 9 n cm −2 s −1 and the fast neutron flux was 2.5×10 6 n cm −2 s −1 , indicating a very well-thermalized neutron field with negligible fast neutron dose. For radiobiological studies it was necessary to shield the body of the hamster from the neutron flux while exposing the everted cheek pouch bearing the tumors. To that end we developed a lithium (enriched to 95% in 6 Li) carbonate enclosure. Groups of tumor-bearing hamsters were submitted to BPA-BNCT, GB-10-BNCT, (GB-10+BPA)-BNCT or beam only treatments. Normal (non-cancerized) hamsters were treated similarly to evaluate normal tissue radiotoxicity. The total physical dose delivered to tumor with the BNCT treatments ranged from 6 to 8.5 Gy. Tumor control at 30 days ranged from 73% to 85%, with no normal tissue radiotoxicity. Significant but reversible mucositis in precancerous tissue surrounding tumors was associated to BPA-BNCT. The therapeutic success of different BNCT protocols in treating experimental oral cancer at this novel facility was unequivocally demonstrated.

Es reconocida y recomendada la incorporación del sorgo granífero a la rotación de cultivos por su contribución con el rastrojo al suelo, cobertura que brinda, en la época de barbecho, aporte de materia orgánica. Todo esto contribuye a disminuir la escorrentía. Se realizó un ensayo de fertilización nitrogenada en sorgo granífero, en siembra directa, en la Estación Experimental Agropecuaria INTA Las Breñas, 27º04´70´´ Sur y 61º03´30´´ Oeste con determinación de nitratos a la siembra para ajuste de dosis de nitrógeno en función de un rendimiento esperado (rendimiento objetivo). Se evaluaron 2 (dos) tratamientos de fertilización, 30 (T1) y 90 (T2) kg ha –1 de urea, con un contenido de 46 % de N, incorporada al costado de la línea de siembra en el estado V6 y un tratamiento testigo sin fertilizar (T0), para una producción objetivo de 8.000 kg grano x ha–1 en T1 y 10.000 kg grano x ha–1 en T2. Se utilizó un diseño en Bloques Completamente Aleatorizados con cuatro repeticiones. El cultivar fue Morgan 109, de ciclo intermedio, sembrado el 22 de enero de 2008, lográndose 100.000 plantas ha–1. Durante el ciclo del cultivo se controlaron las plagas condicionantes. La producción de granos del tratamiento T0 fue de 4.942,11 kg ha–1, del T1 7.345,86 kg ha–1 y del T2 8.518,89 kg ha–1, no existiendo diferencias significativas entre T1 y T2(p ≤ 0,05). El consumo de agua en el ciclo fue de 301,5 mm, el T0 tuvo una eficiencia en el uso del agua de 16,4 kg grano por mm agua–1 utilizada, el T1 24,4 kg grano por mm agua–1 y el T2 28,3 kg grano por mm de agua–1. La eficiencia del uso del fertilizante fue de 80,1 kg de grano por kg urea–1 utilizada para T1 y 39,7 kg de grano por kg urea–1 utilizada para T2. El rendimiento de granos, en función de las dosis de urea, respondió a una ecuación polinómica de 2º Orden Y= 0,673 x2 + 100,32 x + 4.942,1. Los datos obtenidos indican que fue posible incrementar los rendimientos de sorgo granífero a través de la fertilización nitrogenada en V6, utilizando la metodología de rendimiento objetivo bajo las condiciones de experimentación mencionadas a pesar de contar con suelos bien provistos en nitratos a la siembra. The incorporation of Grain Sorghum to crop rotation as stubble is a well recognized and recommended practice due to the soil coverage offered at the time of fallow. This practice provides organic matter and prevents soil run–off. A test of nitrogen fertilization was done in Grain Sorghum, grown under zero tillage system at the Farming Experimental Station INTA Las Breñas (27º04´70´´ South, 61º03´30´´ West). The test determined nitrate levels at sowing time, for gauging nitrogen doses based upon the expected yield (objective yield). Two treatments of fertilization were evaluated, 30 (T1) and 90 (T2) kg ha–1 of urea, with a N content of 46%, incorporated alongside the sowing line at the V6 state, and control treatment without fertilizing (T0) for an expected yield of 8,000 kg grain x ha–1 in T1 and 10,000 kg grain . ha–1 in T2. A completely randomized experimental design with blocks of four repetitions was used. Morgan 109 cultivar with intermediate cycle was seeded on January 22, 2008, which yielded 100,000 plants x ha–1. During the crop cycle, specific pests were controlled. Grain production of the T0 treatment was 4,942.11 kg ha–1, T1 7,345.86 kg x ha–1 and T2 8,518.89 kg.ha–1. There were no significant differences in treatment T1 and T2 (p ≤ 0,05). Water consumption in the cycle was 301.5 mm: T0 had an efficiency of water use of 16.4 kg grain per mm of water–1 consumption; T1 24.4 kg grain by mm water–1 consumption and T2 had 28.3 kg grain per mm of water consumption. The fertilizer efficiency was 80.1 kg of grain by kg urea–1 applied for T1 and 39.7 kg of grain by kg urea–1 applied for T2 respectively. Grain yield, based on the doses of urea, responded to a polinomic equation of second order: Y= 0.673 x2 + 100.32 x + 4,942.1. The collected data indicates that it is possible to increase yields of Grain Sorghum through nitrogen fertilization in V6, using Objective Yield Methodology, under the mentioned conditions of experimentation. The experiment was carried out in soil with a good provision of N at seed time. EEA Las Breñas Fil: Caceres Díaz, Raúl Omar. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Las Breñas; Argentina. Fil: Quintana, Gerardo Jorge. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Las Breñas; Argentina. Fil: Nadal, Nelson Jose. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Las Breñas; Argentina Fil: Jimenez, Julio Osvaldo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Las Breñas; Argentina

Roberto Páramo: paisaje, bodegón, ciudad. Eduardo Serrano Rueda. (Investigación y supervisión: Carmen María Jaramillo). Museo de Arte Moderno de Bogotá-Novus Ediciones, Bogotá, 1989, 190 págs.

to detect all known DHFR and DHPSmutations, and correlations were determined betweenDHFR and DHPS genotypes and therapeutic responsedefined as sensitive (S), RI, RII, or RIII resistance.A genotype defined by DHFR mutations Asn-108, Ile-51,and Leu-164 combined with DHPS mutations Gly-437,Glu-540, and Gly-581 was detected in 7/8 cases (87·5%) ofRIII resistance, 9/13 cases (69·2%) of RII resistance, 5/13cases (38·5%) of RI resistance, and 0/11 sensitive cases(0·0%) (figure). The Bolivia repeat mutation at codon 30

Se realizó diagnóstico prenatal citogenético por cultivos de líquido amniótico, a una paciente embarazada de 37 años de edad con 16 semanas de gestación y el antecedente de un hijo previo con retraso mental. Como resultado del análisis se diagnosticó una inversión paracéntrica del brazo largo del cromosoma 3: 46,XX,inv(3)(q13.1 q23). Los estudios cromosómicos de los padres reflejaron resultados normales. Ante esta situación la pareja decidió llevar a término el embarazo. El diagnóstico se corroboró después del parto. La niña hasta sus 3 primeros años de edad ha tenido un desarrollo normal. Se reportan los puntos de ruptura y reunión que explican la aparición de este reordenamiento balanceado de novo.

A mosquito capture program was initiated to study mosquito species and their potential for arboviral transmission in the Peruvian Amazon. More than 35,000 mosquitoes of 13 different genera and at least 25 species were captured in urban and sylvan sites in the Iquitos area. These findings represent the first published list of Peruvian mosquitoes since 1971 and the first such list from the Peruvian Amazon.

Gonzalo Ariza. Ana María Escallón. Eduardo Carranza. Germán Arciniegas, Lionel Landry, Susana de Ariza, Hernando Téllez, Enrique Caballero (textos); Óscar Monsalve (reproducciones fotográficas) Villegas Editores. Bogotá, 1989, 239 págs.

Se detecta prenatalmente un paciente con una translocación recíproca entre los brazos largos de los cromosomas 13 y 18, que aparentemente era balanceada. El cariotipo de ambos padres en la sangre periférica fue normal y deciden no correr el riesgo de tener un niño afectado. En el análisis de corroboración del diagnóstico prenatal, que se realizó en el tejido fetal, se observó un mosaicismo, al aparecer la misma translocación verificada prenatalmente en el cultivo de piel y un complemento cromosómico normal 46,XX en el cultivo de sangre fetal. Por lo inusual de este mosaicismo se recomienda tener en cuenta casos como éste en las consultas de asesoramiento genético.A patient with a reciprocal translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 13 and 18, which was apparently balanced, was prenatally detected. The karyotipe of both parents in the peripheral blood was normal and they decided no to run the risk of having an affected child. In the analysis of corroboration of the prenatal diagnosis that was made with fetal tissue, mosaicism was observed on appearing the same prenatally verified translocation in the skin culture and a normal chromosomic complement 46,XX in the fetal blood culture. Due to the unusual character of this mosaicism, it is recommended to have into account cases like this is in the genetic counseling consultations.