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OBJETIVO: Estudio de la patología ginecológica en mujeres afectas de trasplante renal. DISEÑO: Estudio de: edad, paridad, abortos, nuligestas, menopáusicas, edad a la menarquía y a la menopausia, antecedentes médicos y quirúrgicos, indicación, tipo y año del trasplante renal, antecedentes ginecológicos y patología actual. Se realiza exploración ginecológica, toma de muestras para citología cervicovaginal, ecografía transvaginal, y en algunos casos: solicitud de mamografías, muestra para virus del papiloma (VPH-ADN), cultivo bacteriológico o de ITS (infecciones de trasmisión sexual). RESULTADOS: En 11 años (2008-2018), sobre 51.342 consultas, tenemos 23 casos de trasplante renal (TR), representan el 0,044 %. La edad media fue 56 años (entre 29 y 74). Paridad media , 2,26 (0-7). Hubo 2 nuligestas (8,69%), y 17 menopáusicas (73,91%). Sólo 6 casos eran menores de 45 años (26, 08%). Todos los casos eran IRC, insuficiencia renal crónica. Tenían: HTA en 47,82 %, diabetes en 13,04%. Un caso de 60 años, padecía EPOC (enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica) por tabaquismo, y falleció por insuficiencia respiratoria en relación a adenocarcinoma de pulmón. 5 casos tenían histerectomía y 3 casos de menopausia precoz quirúrgica. En la patología actual: condilomas vulvares, miomas, cistocele, rectocele, desfondamiento de cúpula vaginal, e hipermenorreas anemizantes. Las citologías fueron todas normales, excepto 3 casos con vaginosis bacteriana, y un caso con LSIL, lesión escamosa intraepitelial de bajo grado. Las ecografías fueron normales, así como las mamografías, en los casos practicados. El análisis de VPH-ADN fue negativo en 3 casos, y positivo en uno, el cual se negativizó a los 4 años. CONCLUSIONES: Con TR, hay que hacer controles anuales de citología cervicovaginal, VPH-ADN, colposcopia y biopsia si procede, y ver vulva y ano. Vacunar de VPH previamente al TR, si no la tuviera, y hacer las exploraciones pertinentes para detectar otros tipos de tumores en relación a la historia previa de la paciente.

Abstract Sap flow measurements are fundamental to understanding water use in trees and could aid in predicting climate change effects on forest function. Deriving knowledge from such measurements requires empirical calibrations and upscaling methods to translate thermometric recordings to tree water use. Here, we developed a user‐friendly open‐source application, the Sap Flow Analyzer (SFA), which estimates sap flow rates and tree water use from the heat field deformation (HFD) instruments. The SFA incorporates four key features to ensure maximum accuracy and reproducibility of sap flow estimates: diagnosis diagrams to assess data patterns visually, regression models implemented to increase accuracy when estimating K (the main HFD parameter), three approaches to upscale sap flow rates to whole‐tree water use and visualization of the input parameters' uncertainty. Thirteen participants were given three raw datasets and assigned data processing tasks using the SFA user guide, from estimating sapwood depth to scaling sap flow rates to whole‐tree water use to assess the reproducibility and applicability of the SFA. Participants' results were reasonably consistent and independent of their background in using the SFA, R, or HFD method. The results showed lower variability for high flow rates (SD: mean 1% vs. 10%). K estimates and sapwood depth differentiation were the primary sources of variability, which in turn was mainly caused by the user's chosen scaling method. The SFA provides an easy way to visualize and process sap flow and tree water use data from HFD measurements. It is the first free and open software tool for HFD users. The ability to trace analysis steps ensures reproducibility, increasing transparency and consistency in data processing. Developing tools such as the SFA and masked trials are essential for more precise workflows and improved quality and comparability of HFD sap flow datasets.

Introducción: el fitness es un concepto integral vinculado a la salud física y mental, es por ello la relevancia de encontrar oportunidades de intervención para enfrentar desafíos de salud pública y fomentar el crecimiento del sector fitness. Objetivo: identificar las tendencias fitness en Colima, México para el 2025. Metodología: la metodología es este estudio es de tipo cuantitativo-descriptivo, el instrumento utilizado fue una adaptación local del cuestionario Worldwide Survey of Fitness Trends del ACSM, que incluyó 56 tendencias fitness, elementos sociodemográficos e indicadores económicos. La población estuvo conformada por 340 profesionales del sector fitness en los 10 municipios de Colima (217 hombres y 122 mujeres), seleccionados de forma aleatoria. Resultados: los principales hallazgos muestran que las tendencias predominantes incluyen programas de ejercicio y pérdida de peso, entrenamiento personal y funcional. En cuanto al ámbito laboral, el 33.5% de los encuestados trabaja en el sector público, el 30% en el privado, y el resto en asociaciones civiles o el ámbito estudiantil. Discusión: se discute que el sector enfrenta retos como la retención de talento experimentado y la limitada participación de mujeres en roles no estereotipados. Conclusiones: las tendencias locales se alinean parcialmente con las nacionales y difieren de las internacionales, que priorizan reembolsos para profesionales calificados (2024) y tecnología portátil (2023). Este primer esfuerzo local aporta datos clave para la toma de decisiones en el sector fitness, apoyando la formación y capacitación de profesionales, así como el desarrollo de políticas públicas que respondan a las necesidades de la población colimense.

Los manglares, esenciales para los servicios ecosistémicos y la protección costera, enfrentan amenazas por actividades humanas. Este estudio analiza la percepción socioambiental de la comunidad de Barra de Chachalacas sobre el manglar de la Laguna Cabana en Veracruz. La investigación, indaga la percepción comunitaria mediante encuestas y talleres participativos. Los resultados revelan un conocimiento generalizado sobre el manglar y preocupación por problemas ambientales como la contaminación y la deforestación. Los pescadores, más dependientes del manglar, muestran mayor conciencia ambiental. Por el contrario, aquellos no vinculados directamente con el manglar tienden a percibir menos problemas ambientales y valorar menos los servicios ecosistémicos. Se destacan diferencias de percepción según género, ocupación y participación en actividades relacionadas con el manglar. Se enfatiza la necesidad de educación ambiental contextualizada y la consideración de factores socioeconómicos y culturales en la percepción ambiental. Se sugiere una perspectiva holística para comprender mejor los programas de conservación.

Soil contamination by agrochemicals is a significant environmental problem that can negatively impact human health, biodiversity, and water quality. Excessive or inappropriate use of agrochemicals, including the pesticide Aldrin, commonly used as an insecticide in agricultural activity, can contaminate soil. The research aimed to use biosolids from a wastewater treatment plant to decontaminate agricultural soil containing Aldrin pesticide. For the investigation, soil samples were taken from the Carabayllo area, and 2 kg were placed in each container; then, biosolids from the wastewater treatment plant were added in proportions of 10, 20, and 30 %, respectively. The test was done in triplicate for each percentage. After 90 days of treatment, a 70 % decrease in the pesticide Aldrin was found, for a rate of 30 % of biosolid added to the soil. Therefore, it is established that sewage biosolids allow the reduction of the pesticide Aldrin, becoming an environmentally sustainable alternative to decontaminate soils.

This article examines the relationship between emotional intelligence and ethical leadership competencies among university students. The research hypothesis was that emotional intelligence correlates positively with the exercise of good leadership. To this aim, a study was carried out with 1101 university students from Chile, Mexico and Spain who responded to a questionnaire on emotional intelligence (WLEIS) and a questionnaire on leadership competencies (LID) that measures understanding of reality, self-control and team harmonisation. The results show a positive correlation between emotional intelligence and leadership, although with significant differences by country and degree programs, but not in relation to gender. The research contribution is particularly relevant. Firstly, there are few studies on emotional intelligence and ethical leadership competencies carried out in the university student environment. Secondly, the study provides evidence of the predictive validity of emotional intelligence, in particular ‘use of emotions’, on leadership competencies. This finding points to the importance of teaching emotional intelligence in order to develop the leadership competencies of university students.

The use of industrial insecticides is of growing concern in today's world due to their chemical composition and significant negative impacts on the environment and human health. These products contain toxic chemical compounds that can contaminate soil, water and air, affecting biodiversity and ecosystems in general. Faced with this problem, there is an urgent need to produce and use eco-friendly biocides as an alternative to industrial insecticides. Eco-friendly biocides are products that, instead of relying on harmful chemicals, are based on natural ingredients and environmentally friendly processes, are effective in controlling pests, and minimize risks to human health and the environment. The objective of the research was to take advantage of the residual biomass of Chenopodium quinoa in its scarification process, to extract the saponins and elaborate a natural biocide. The method consisted of a phytochemical screening for secondary metabolites to identify the saponins after a hydroalcoholic maceration process, at concentrations of 0, 25, 50 and 75 % ethanol To verify the biocidal property of the product, lethal dose tests were carried out on Premnotrypes vorax species, obtaining 100% with a solution of saponin and secondary metabolites in 75% ethanol at 240 min. Furthermore, the ratio of waste generated by the scarification process is 6 g per 1 kg, meaning that for every ton of Chenopodium quinoa processed, 600 kg of residual dust containing saponin would be obtained, which, if used under the concept of circular economy, would be obtained. 46.8 Liters per ton of natural bioinsecticide, environmentally friendly by avoiding chemical contamination and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.

En el contexto del cambio climático y el aumento de la demanda de alimentos y energía, la sostenibilidad agrícola y energética enfrenta retos económicos, logísticos y ambientales. En la producción de alimentos y energía eléctrica de manera tradicional se compite por el uso de recursos limitados como el agua y el suelo, y no se consideran factores de mitigación de su impacto ambiental. En este contexto, la sustitución de combustibles fósiles por fuentes de energía renovables se presenta como una alternativa crucial para reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero. La tecnología agrivoltaica (AgroPV) se posiciona como una mediadora efectiva entre los sectores energético y agrícola, al permitir el uso compartido del suelo para la producción de energía y alimentos. Esta innovación no solo incrementa la eficiencia del uso del suelo y reduce el consumo de agua, sino que también fortalece la resiliencia de los cultivos al cambio climático y ofrece una nueva fuente de ingresos para los agricultores. Por lo tanto, en este artículo se propone una metodología para el diseño de sistemas AgroPV en zonas agrícolas de Colombia, abordando la selección de la zona de estudio, su caracterización técnica y económica, la identificación de impactos, oportunidades y barreras, y su potencial de masificación. Los resultados destacan que el sistema AgroPV diseñado puede diversificar los ingresos agrícolas, contribuir a la neutralidad de carbono, aumentar la resiliencia de los cultivos ante el cambio climático, mejorar la seguridad alimentaria y optimizar el uso del suelo.

Los nematodos fitoparasitos provocan necrosis, descortezamiento y pudriciones suaves en los tejidos corticales (sistema radicular) en diversos cultivos de importancia económica, social y ambiental. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los géneros de nematodos fitoparasitos asociados al cultivo de guayaba en una parcela manejada con enfoque agroecológico. Este trabajo se realizó en la Universidad Nacional Agraria, en Managua, Nicaragua. En la parcela con enfoque agroecológico se realizó el muestreo de suelos y raíces para la identificación de los géneros de nemátodos. El muestreo de suelo y raíces se realizó con un barreno graduado y a una profundidad de 0 cm a 15 cm. Se obtuvieron 10 submuestras al azar por árbol en el área de goteo; las submuestras se homogenizaron para obtener una muestra de 1 kg de suelo y 10 gramos de raíces. Los nematodos del suelo se extrajeron por el método de centrifugación flotación y los del sistema radicular por el método de embudo de Berman. Los nematodos se identificaron a nivel de género mediante microscopía de luz, caracteres morfológicos y claves taxonómicas propuesta por S' Jacob y Bezooijen (1984). Los datos fueron ingresados a una hoja de cálculos de Microsoft Excel con el que se determinó la frecuencia absoluta y relativa. Las poblaciones se determinaron a través del conteo de los individuos. Se identificaron cinco familias y diez géneros de nematodos en muestra de suelos y raíces, asociados como especies fitoparásitos al cultivo de guayaba, mayoritariamente con hábito alimenticio ectoparásito.

Abstract Waxes find use as processing aids in filled compounds and polyethylene‐based masterbatches. In such applications, the thermal and physical property changes they impart to the polymer matrix are important. Therefore, this study details results obtained for blends prepared by mixing a Fischer–Tropsch (F–T) wax with a high‐flow linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE). The melting and crystallization behavior are studied using hot‐stage polarized optical microscopy (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The calorimetry results are consistent with partial cocrystallization of the two components. The melting and crystallization exo‐ and endotherms for the wax‐ and LLDPE‐rich phases remained separate. However, they change in shape and shift toward higher‐ and lower temperature ranges, respectively. It is found that increasing the wax content delays the crystallization, decreases the overall crystallinity, and reduces the size of the crystallites of the polyethylene‐rich phase. Rotational viscosity is measured at 170 °C in the Newtonian shear‐rate range. The variation of the zero‐shear viscosity with blend composition is consistent with the assumption of a homogeneous melt in which the chains are in an entangled state. Therefore, it is concluded that the wax and LLDPE are, in effect, miscible in the melt and partially compatible in the solid state.

Esthetic dermatology is a growing field, and different noninvasive therapies are gaining attention. The objective of this narrative review was to update current evidence-based knowledge about recombinant enzymes. The PubMed, SciELO, Cochrane Central, and Imbiomed databases were searched for meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomized controlled clinical trials, observational registries, and preclinical data published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. Effectivity, safety, and tolerability of recombinant hyaluronidases, lyases, collagenases, and lipases, including their combinations, were evaluated and confirmed in diverse indications. Further research could increase current knowledge on this constantly developing and promising therapeutic area.

Objetivo: Estudio del aclaramiento de los vph (virus del papiloma humano): 16, 18 y otros de alto riesgo (ar). Diseño: Con la técni-ca rcp, reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (pcr, por sus siglas en inglés), a partir de una serie de 160 casos con 3 o más valores, en los años 2012-2018, dentro del co-examen citología. vph, anual. Resultados: La edad media fue 37,54 años, la paridad media 0,87. Nuligestas, 42,5%, y menopáusicas 8,12%. No utilizaban contracep-ción en 51,87%. Antecedente de conización en 20%. Citología inicial negativa en 51,25%. ascus (atipias de significado incierto) en 17,5%. lsil (lesión escamosa intraepitelial de bajo grado) en 11,25%. vph ini-cial positivo en 50%. El tipo más frecuente fue otros de ar en 72,5%.En el aclaramiento, se negativizaron de 69 casos positivos: 27,53% al primer año, y 2,89% al 4o año. De 91 casos negativos al primer año, hubo adqui-sición de novo, se hicieron positivos en 10,98% al primer año y 1,09% al 4oaño. Conclusiones: 1). El punto de inflexión del aclaramiento es, el primer año, siendo 83% para el tipo 16; y 73% para el tipo 18 y 47% para el tipo otros, ambos en el 2o año. 2). El pico de contagio máximo es al 2o año, en 15,46%. 3). lsil tiene vph (+) en 90,90% (p< 0,001), versus ascus en 45,16%.

The use of recycled aggregates in the manufacture of concrete is presented as a solution to reduce the consumption of resources and waste in the construction sector and contribute to a lower environmental impact. This work aims to explore the possibility of producing structural beams from recycled concrete using aggregates from precast concrete rejects and to improve their design using advanced characterisation techniques. To this end, the experimental data coming from mechanical test and the use of the digital image correlation approach are combined with a robust reliability-based method. The full-field data provided by the digital image correlation approach allow to determine the probabilistic density functions of the mechanical data. From these data, a predictive analysis of the maximum strength and deflection of flexural beams is carried out based on robust design techniques. This approach uses analytical theoretical models and a Monte Carlo-based simulation strategy that allows the prediction of the behaviour of the beams. This methodology was validated by manufacturing six beams with the previously analysed recycled concrete, HA-30, and testing them in the laboratory. All the beams showed behaviour within the predicted range: around 49.7 kN maximum load and just over 9.3 mm maximum deflection. These results demonstrate the robustness of the approach as well as the feasibility of using precast rejects for the manufacture of structural elements.

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is essential in semi-arid agricultural land for enhancing soil health, particularly through the promotion of microbial activities. This study assessed the impact of different agronomic practices on soil properties, microbial communities, and SOC levels in semi-arid Moroccan wheat fields. Three treatments were investigated: eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.) companion planting (EU), and fallowing with harvest residue mulching (FA), with the latter involving both short (3 months; FAS) and long (15 months; FAL) fallow periods. The study revealed significant variation in soil characteristics and microbial communities between these agronomic management regimes. Notably, soils managed with FAL contained elevated SOC levels (1.2%) compared to other treatments (FAS and EU) which show lower SOC range (0.62–0.86%). Both labile C (water-soluble carbon) and recalcitrant C (humic substances) were increased by FAL. Additionally, soil microbial biomass and dehydrogenase activity were observed to be high in FAL-managed soils, along with increased levels of extracellular enzymes related to nutrient cycling (β-glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase, and urease). Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis indicated positive correlation between carbon content in soils and microbial populations. In contrast, soils managed with EU had significantly lower SOC levels, possibly due to differences in carbon fractionation. FAL increased soil enzymatic activities and enriched the microbial community when compared to EU management. In conclusion, this study indicated the importance of fallowing and fallowing period for conservation of SOC, and potential to mitigate negative effects of biophysical constraints on agricultural productivity in semi-arid soils of Northwest Africa.

ABSTRACT Background: Dengue is a disease that accounts for a major morbidity and mortality in Honduras. Methods: This descriptive study used an analytical component based on the data from the National Virology Laboratory between 2016-2022. Ordinal logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with the classification of dengue without warning signs (DWOS), dengue with warning signs (DWS), and severe dengue (SD). Results: Overall, 14,687 dengue cases were included; 50.1% had DWOS, 36.5% had DWS, and 13.4% had SD. Patients that were more associated with a higher probability of DWS and SD were patients in the age groups 1-4 years (DWS OR 1.61; 95%CI:1.33-1.94), (SD OR 1.52; 95% CI:1.26-1.84), 5-9 years (DWS OR 2.01; 95% CI:1.68-2.40), (SD OR 2.00; 95% CI:1.67-2.40), and 10-19 years (DWS OR 1.55; 95% CI:1.30-1.85) (SD OR 1.57; 95% CI:1.31-1.88). The departments that were associated with a higher probability of DWS and SD were La Paz (OR 6.35; 95% CI:3.53-11.42), (OR 10.94; 95% CI:5.96-20.08), Copán (OR 6.94; 95% CI:5.05-9.53) (OR 7.33; 95% CI: 5.35-10.03), Valle (OR 5.22; 95% CI:1.25-21.82) (OR 10.71; 95% CI:2.21-51.88). Conclusions: During the study period, dengue presented endemic behavior, with peaks consistent with the last two epidemics in Honduras in 2015 and 2019. The main factors associated with dengue severity were age< 19 years, male sex, and being from La Paz, Copán, or Valle.

The combustion of fossil fuels is an important source of air pollution due to the presence of sulfur-based compounds. In this regard, a reliable atomistic forcefield is required in order to provide insights on solute-solvent interactions, and in designing high aromatic sulfur extracting solvents. In the present work, the excess chemical potentials of thiophene within four 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids were evaluated through the free energy perturbation with replica exchange molecular dynamics methodology by using the CL&Pol polarizable force fields based on Drude oscillators. First, in order to validate the accuracy of the polarizable force fields, a series of thermodynamic properties of pure ionic liquids such as diffusion coefficient, liquid density, dielectric constant, and heat of vaporization were computed using the CL&Pol force field and compared against experimental values. The results from the calculated thiophene excess chemical potential values, indicated that the [C4mim][CH3COO] ionic liquid presents the more favorable excess chemical potential (higher solubility) with respect to the thiophene molecule at both 300 K and 343 K in comparison to the other ionic liquids studied. The structural analysis revealed that the ionic liquid anion interacts more closely and with well-defined RDF peaks with the thiophene molecule, the larger anions present higher surrounding particle densities with the thiophene molecules (solvation shell), while the monoatomic anions interact preferentially with the hydrogens close to the sulfur thiophene atom; In contrast no marked solvation layers were observed with the ionic liquid cations.

Suicidal behavior and Non-Suicidal Self-Injuries (NSSIs) are a major health problem in the adolescent population. New technologies can contribute to the development of innovative interventions in suicide prevention. Here, we present the SmartCrisis-Teen study protocol. The study consists of a randomized clinical trial which aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a digital safety plan to prevent suicidal behavior and NSSIs in adolescents. This is a multicentric study which will be conducted among the adolescent population, both in clinical and student settings, with a target sample of 1080 participants. The intervention group will receive an Ecological Momentary Intervention (EMI) consisting of a digital safety plan on their mobile phone. All participants will receive their Treatment As Usual (TAU). Participants will be followed for six months, with weekly and monthly telephone visits and face-to-face visits at three and six months. Participants will be assessed using traditional questionnaires as well as Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) and Implicit Association Tests (IATs). With this intervention, we expect a reduction in NSSIs through the acquisition of coping strategies and a decrease in suicidal behavior over the course of follow-up. This study provides a novel, scalable digital intervention for preventing suicidal behavior and NSSIs in adolescents, which could contribute to improving adolescent mental health outcomes globally.

Introduction and objectives: No studies have analysed the effectiveness of treatment for constipation in critically ill children. The aim of this study was to assess the implementation, efficacy and safety of a treatment protocol using polyethylene glycol 3350 with electrolytes (PEG 3350 + E) for constipation in critically ill children. Methods: We conducted a single-centre prospective study in children admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit for a minimum of 72 h and who developed constipation. Children with previous gastrointestinal disorders or diseases were excluded. The patients were treated with rectal enemas or with the oral PEG 3350 + E protocol at the discretion of the treating physician. We compared clinical and demographic variables as well as adverse events (diarrhoea, abdominal distension and electrolyte imbalances). Results: The sample included 56 patients with a mean age of 48.2 ± 11.9 months, of who 55.4% were male. Forty-four patients (78.6%) were treated with PEG 3350 + E and 12 (21.4%) with rectal enemas. The proportion of patients that responded well to treatment was greater in the PEG 3350 + E group (79.5%) compared to the enema group (58.3%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P = .151). There were no significant differences between the groups in any of the adverse effects. Treatment with PEG 3350 + E was more effective in children aged less than 2 years (100%) compared to older children (100% vs 65.4%; P

Objetivo: Presentamos los resultados de un estudio prospectivo de coexamen citología cervicovaginal –vph (virus del papiloma hu-mano), en una serie de 1600 casos en los 11 años 2008-2018. Re-sultados: La media de edad fue 37,63 años (rango 16-69), la paridad media fue 1 (rango 0-7). Eran nuligestas 30,81 % y menopáusicas 5,31 %. Con antecedente de conización 8,43 %. En 26 casos eran vih(+), con virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. Vacuna frente a vph tenian 2,43 %. En 54,56 % no utilizaban ningún método contraceptivo. La citología fue normal o negativa en 35,31 %. Hubo infecciones en 33 % (siendo la más frecuente por vaginosis bacteriana (vb) en 22,56 %). Hubo lesiones celulares cervicales en 31,68 %; ascus, 14,81 %; lsil, 13,18 %; hsil, 1,93 % y 4 casos de carcinoma epidermoide (0,25 %). El vph-ar(+) se dio en 42,06 %. (vph-16(+) en 17,02 %; vph-18(+) en 3,95 % y vph-otros(+) en 79,02 %). Citologia(+) y vph-ar(+), fue aumentando la frecuencia en relación a la gravedad de las lesiones : 60% en ascus, 75 % en lsil, 87 % en hsil y 100 % en carcinoma. En lesiones con vph neg-ativo, ocurrió a la inversa. Con citología negativa estaban vacunadas de vph 4,25 %; con lesiones, ninguna estaba vacunada.

Son ya cinco ediciones de la encuesta mexicana de tendencias fitness. Objetivo: conocer las tendencias del fitness en México para 2024, comparar los resultados con la encuesta mexicana del año anterior y con las principales tendencias de Estados Unidos de América. Método: estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, descriptivo y comparativo de tipo longitudinal. La población de estudio son instructores-as fitness radicados-as en México, la muestra es no probabilística (n= 1.266). Para la recolección de los datos se utilizó una adaptación de la Worldwide Survey of Fitness Trends al contexto mexicano. Resultados: las principales tendencias del fitness en México para 2024 son programas de ejercicio y pérdida de peso, entrenamiento personal, entrenamiento tradicional de fuerza, programas de entrenamiento y alimentación, así como entrenamiento funcional. 14 tendencias permanecen de 2023 a 2024 y siete de las principales tendencias mexicanas coinciden con las de Estados Unidos de América. Conclusiones: con relación a la dimensión local del análisis, las tendencias fitness en México reportan cierta estabilidad, 70% de las principales tendencias de 2023 permanecen para 2024, al mismo tiempo, presenta un cierto grado de actualización con el 30% restante. Con relación a la dimensión internacional del estudio, hay siete coincidencias entre las principales tendencias del fitness en México y en las de Estados Unidos de América. Palabras Clave: entrenamiento, salud, actividad física, ejercicio Abstract. There are already five editions of the Mexican fitness trends survey. Objective: to know the fitness trends in Mexico by 2024, to compare the results with the Mexican survey of the previous year, and with the main trends of the United States of America. Method: a quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive, and comparative longitudinal study. The study population is fitness instructors based in Mexico, and the sample is non-probabilistic (n= 1.266). An adaptation of the Worldwide Survey of Fitness Trends to the Mexican context was used for the data collection. Results: the main fitness trends in Mexico for 2024 are exercise and weight loss programs, personal training, traditional strength training, training and feeding programs, as well as functional training. 14 trends remain from 2023 to 2024 and seven of the main Mexican trends coincide with those of the United States of America. Conclusions: regarding the local dimension of the analysis, fitness trends in Mexico report some stability, 70% of the main trends of 2023 remain for 2024, and at the same time, present a certain degree of update with the remaining 30%. Regarding the study’s international dimension, there are seven coincidences between the main fitness trends in Mexico and those in the United States of America. Keywords: training, health, physical activity, exercise

Fournier’s gangrene is an aggressive form of infective necrotizing fasciitis in the perianal and genital area. In this article we discuss the case of a 75-year-old male patient diagnosed with Fournier’s gangrene with the entire perianal region affected. Surgical washings were performed and debridement with multiple flaps were required for reconstruction. Complications in the suture wounds, cavities, and a seroma were observed after 5 weeks, and they were treated with dressings. Treatment with High pbserum recombinant enzymes was initiated after 3 weeks, to accelerate the closure of the wounds. The granulation tissue was irrigated by drip irrigation once every 3 weeks, ensuring good tissue impregnation. We observed that the epithelialization of the affected areas was achieved after the first week, and in 1 month, most of the wounds healed properly without signs of infection. High pbserum is an enzyme cocktail, composed of higher collagenase concentration, lipase, and liase. This study shows how High pbserum improves and accelerates wound healing in a patient with Fournier’s gangrene. Further investigations are needed to conclude treatment recommendations.

Objetivo: desarrollar un puntaje predictivo de mortalidad para pacientes con covid-19. Materiales y métodos: estudio retrospectivo, analítico, observacional y transversal, realizado en dos fases. Se revisaron 620 historias clínicas con una cohorte de derivación de 320 pacientes y una de validación de 300 pacientes. Las variables se analizaron con test de Anova, chi cuadrado de Pearson y análisis multivariante con regresión binaria, que determinaron sensibilidad, especificidad y valor predictivo negativo y positivo. Los puntajes se compararon mediante curvas cor con los scores news y hews. Resultados: los dos puntajes obtenidos incluyeron valores de edad, conteo de linfocitos, SatO2 /FiO2, leucocitos, plaquetas, ausencia de síntomas, hipertensión arterial, epid y dhl. El área bajo la curva (abc) fue de 0.838 para el puntaje con dhl, con una mortalidad del 100% para 7.75 puntos o más, y un abc de 0.826 para el primer puntaje. En la cohorte de validación, el abc para el primer puntaje fue de 0.831 y para el score con dhl fue 0.855. El puntaje hews obtuvo un abc de 0.451, y el news, un abc de 0.396. Conclusiones: se desarrollaron dos herramientas para predecir mortalidad en pacientes con covid-19, con alto poder de discriminación, superior a los puntajes británicos hews y news.

Abstract A secondary analysis of a randomized study was performed to study the relationship between volumetric capnography (VCAP) and arterial CO2 partial pressure (PCO2) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and to analyze the ability of these parameters to predict the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in a pediatric animal model of asphyxial cardiac arrest (CA). Asphyxial CA was induced by sedation, muscle relaxation and extubation. CPR was started 2 min after CA occurred. Airway management was performed with early endotracheal intubation or bag-mask ventilation, according to randomization group. CPR was continued until ROSC or 24 min of resuscitation. End-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2), CO2 production (VCO2), and EtCO2/VCO2/kg ratio were continuously recorded. Seventy-nine piglets were included, 26 (32.9%) of whom achieved ROSC. EtCO2 was the best predictor of ROSC (AUC 0.72, p < 0.01 and optimal cutoff point of 21.6 mmHg). No statistical differences were obtained regarding VCO2, VCO2/kg and EtCO2/VCO2/kg ratios. VCO2 and VCO2/kg showed an inverse correlation with PCO2, with a higher correlation coefficient as resuscitation progressed. EtCO2 also had an inverse correlation with PCO2 from minute 18 to 24 of resuscitation. Our findings suggest that EtCO2 is the best VCAP-derived parameter for predicting ROSC. EtCO2 and VCO2 showed an inverse correlation with PCO2. Therefore, these parameters are not adequate to measure ventilation during CPR.

Abstract Introduction The prevalence of psychiatric disorders has not shifted widely through the COVID pandemic, except for some specific groups such as young people or women. Our objective is to examine prospectively the evolution of children and adolescents who consulted in a psychiatric emergency service during the COVID-19 confinements. Method We collected prospective clinical information about 296 young people under 18 who visited a tertiary hospital for psychiatric reasons during the confinement periods in Spain. Clinical diagnoses, suicide attempts, hospital admissions, and pharmacological prescriptions were extracted from electronic health records through 2020, 2021, and 2022. Features of those who maintained psychiatric care and those who did not were compared. Results Three out of four children and adolescents who visited the psychiatric emergency department during the confinements continued psychiatric care at the end of 2022. Those who did not showed better premorbid adjustment at baseline. During follow-up, diagnoses of neurodevelopmental disorders and eating disorders, as well as the dosage of psychotropic drug prescriptions, increased. The diagnoses of major depressive disorder and eating disorder at baseline were associated with attempting suicide during follow-up. Patients with internalizing symptoms were admitted earlier than those with externalizing symptoms but no differences were found in terms of suicide attempts. Conclusions The continuity of psychiatric care after an initial emergency visit during the confinements implied greater clinical severity, as reflected by changes in clinical diagnoses and pharmacological regimens. Emergent symptoms of depression or eating disorders after social distancing or isolation could predict subsequent suicidal behavior in young populations.

Abstract Background Although the scientific literature has previously described the impact of worksite programs based on physical activity (WPPAs) on employees’ productivity and health in different contexts, the effect of these programs has not been analyzed based on the characteristics or modalities of physical activity (PA) performed (e.g., aerobic exercise, strength training, flexibility). In addition, studies on WPPAs usually report health and productivity outcomes separately, not integrated into a single study. Knowing the health and economic-related impacts of a WPPAs could provide useful information for stakeholders and policy development. Objective The purpose of this review was as follows: (1) to analyze the effect of different modalities of WPPAs on employees’ productivity and health and (2) to investigate the economic impact of WPPAs. Methods This systematic review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021230626) and complies with PRISMA guidelines. Only randomized controlled trials from 1997 to March 2021 were included. Two reviewers independently screened abstracts and full texts for study eligibility, extracted the data, and performed a quality assessment using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk-of-Bias Tool for randomized trials. Population, instruments, comparison, and outcome (PICO) elements were used to define eligibility criteria. Eight-hundred sixty relevant studies were found through electronic searches in PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus databases. Once the eligibility criteria were applied, a total of 16 papers were included. Results Workability was the productivity variable most positively impacted by WPPAs. Cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, and musculoskeletal symptoms health variables improved in all the studies included. It was not possible to fully examine the effectiveness of each exercise modality because of the heterogeneity in methodology, duration, and working population. Finally, cost-effectiveness could not be analyzed because this information was not reported in most studies. Conclusion All types of WPPAs analyzed improved workers’ productivity and health. However, the heterogeneity of WPPAs does not allow to identify which modality is more effective.

Objetivo: Probar la asociación entre lesión renal aguda y mortalidad en pacientes con COVID-19 grave. Método: Realizamos un estudio de casos y controles unicéntrico en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) de un hospital de segundo nivel en México. Incluimos 100 pacientes con COVID-19 grave de enero a diciembre 2021, recolectando características demográficas, comorbilidad, APACHE II, SOFA, NEWS2 y CO-RADS al ingreso, incidencia de complicaciones intrahospitalarias, duración de la estancia hospitalaria y en la UCI, duración de ventilación mecánica, etc. Resultados: La mediana de supervivencia de los pacientes que fallecieron fue de 20 días. Al realizar el análisis de regresión logística multivariable, las siguientes variables se asociaron significativamente con la mortalidad: lesión renal aguda (odds ratio ajustada [ORa]: 6.64; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 2.1-20.6; p = 0.001), edad > 55 años (ORa: 5.3; IC95%: 1.5-18.1; p = 0.007) y arritmias (ORa: 5.15; IC95%: 1.3-19.2; p = 0.015). La supervivencia fue menor en pacientes con lesión renal aguda (15 vs. 22 días; p = 0,043), así como en pacientes con sobrepeso u obesidad (15 vs. 25 días; p = 0.026). Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados muestran que el desarrollo de lesión renal aguda es el principal factor de riesgo asociado a mortalidad en pacientes con COVID-19 grave, mientras que otros factores, como la edad > 55 años y la presencia de arritmias cardiacas, también se asocian a mortalidad por COVID-19. El manejo de pacientes con COVID-19 debe incluir el tamizaje y la estadificación de la función renal al ingreso a urgencias.

Teaching leadership is a key factor for students’ learning and flourishing, and it occurs in an asymmetrical and interpersonal relationship. This research seeks to characterize the teaching leadership of high school teachers through the influence they exert on their students. It is not based on the teacher’s self-perception but on the experience that the students have had. For this purpose, a qualitative study was carried out in Spain with 200 first-year university students in which they answered four questions about the teacher who most influenced them during their high school. The results point to five leadership traits or styles that are not mutually exclusive: empathetic leadership, comforting leadership, motivating leadership, exemplary leadership, and wise leadership. In addition, moments of weakness and vulnerability in students are those that most favour the influence of the teacher in their lives, encouraging vital learning in them. This study highlights the importance of teacher leadership for student character education.

Tropical wetland forests are fragile ecosystems facing critical risks due to global warming and other anthropogenic threats. Hence, gathering accurate and reliable information on them is urgent. Although remote sensing has demonstrated great potential in studying terrestrial ecosystems, remote sensing-based wetland forest research is still in an early stage of development. Mapping wetland forests, particularly mangrove forests, was an initial goal of this approach and is a task that still faces methodological challenges. Initially based on aerial photography only, wetland forest mapping through remote sensing underwent explosive diversification after the launching of artificial satellites in the 1970s. Later, precision in wetland forest mapping increased with the combination of hyperspectral, multispectral, and high and very high resolution imagery. Accurate delimitation of wetland forest extent is also necessary to assess their temporal dynamics (losses, gains, and horizontal displacement). Despite the prevalence of mapping studies, current remote sensing-based research on wetland forests addresses new questions and novel aims, such as describing and predicting wetland forest attributes through mathematical modeling. Although this approach has made substantial progress in recent decades, modeling and predicting wetland forest attributes remain insufficiently explored fields of research. Combining active and passive sensors is a promising alternative to provide a more accurate picture of these communities’ attributes. In particular, LiDAR and radar-based technologies may help overcome difficulties encountered in older studies. In the future, we will witness conceptual and methodological progress that will enable us to surmount the remaining challenges.

Abstract The variability of suicidal thoughts and other clinical factors during follow-up has emerged as a promising phenotype to identify vulnerable patients through Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). In this study, we aimed to (1) identify clusters of clinical variability, and (2) examine the features associated with high variability. We studied a set of 275 adult patients treated for a suicidal crisis in the outpatient and emergency psychiatric departments of five clinical centers across Spain and France. Data included a total of 48,489 answers to 32 EMA questions, as well as baseline and follow-up validated data from clinical assessments. A Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) was used to cluster the patients according to EMA variability during follow-up along six clinical domains. We then used a random forest algorithm to identify the clinical features that can be used to predict the level of variability. The GMM confirmed that suicidal patients are best clustered in two groups with EMA data: low- and high-variability. The high-variability group showed more instability in all dimensions, particularly in social withdrawal, sleep measures, wish to live, and social support. Both clusters were separated by ten clinical features (AUC = 0.74), including depressive symptoms, cognitive instability, the intensity and frequency of passive suicidal ideation, and the occurrence of clinical events, such as suicide attempts or emergency visits during follow-up. Initiatives to follow up suicidal patients with ecological measures should take into account the existence of a high variability cluster, which could be identified before the follow-up begins.

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Este trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar la distribución espacio-temporal de las remesas en los municipios del noreste de México derivada del efecto de los servicios financieros, y por tanto, se enfoca en estudiar la relación entre el flujo de remesas y la inclusión financiera, considerando la infraestructura y red existente de servicios bancarios en los municipios de la región, al tiempo que se argumenta que la inclusión financiera puede apoyar la acumulación de recursos a través del ahorro y permitir el acceso a créditos, seguros y otro tipo de productos financieros. Los resultados muestran que la concentración de recursos en instituciones y municipios con mayor presencia de instituciones bancarias puede, evidentemente, llevar a la expansión de pequeños negocios, a la generación de ingresos derivados del desarrollo de micronegocios y a la inversión productiva especialmente en segmentos de bajos recursos y que esto se encuentra asociado a la recepción de remesas, asimismo se busca destacar la importancia de comprender las complejas interacciones entre la migración internacional, las remesas y la economía.

IntroductionThe adaptation of universities to the new guidelines set by the European Higher Education Area implies relevant changes. Among them, a teaching model more focused on the student and his or her learning than on the teacher and the subject, new active teaching-learning methodologies and the development of competences through the acquisition of learning outcomes; all with the aim of contributing to the integral formation of the university student. The integral formation, enabling each student to discover and realize their own life project, is nourished by educational accompaniment and the development of competences. A concrete form of educational accompaniment is mentoring. The objective of this study is to evaluate the formative effectiveness of an innovative mentoring program in the development of transversal competences as a means to achieve the ultimate mission of the university: to provide a comprehensive education to students.MethodsThe design of this research is quasi-experimental (pretest-posttest). The sample consists of more than 300 first-year students of the Universidad Francisco de Vitoria who participated in the mentoring program. A questionnaire on transversal competences and group interviews were used as measurement instruments.ResultsThe results showed significant differences in the level of acquisition of intrapersonal competences between the pre-treatment and post-treatment periods, in favor of the latter. This fact suggests that students improved their level of intrapersonal competences thanks to the mentoring program. These results are subsequently supported by the analysis of the group interviews.DiscussionTherefore, it can be concluded that this type of mentoring program is a valid example for the development of intrapersonal competences, which in turn contributes to the integral formation of the student.

En la actualidad, existe en México un debate público entre dos corrientes opuestas del pensamiento económico y político: el conservadurismo contra el liberalismo. El propósito de este artículo es analizar la confrontación análoga ocurrida en años previos y durante la gran depresión, que llevó a un cambio de ideas y políticas económicas en México, de las clásicas-neoclásicas, a las keynesianas. Para ello, se hace un minucioso análisis de las revistas Examen de las Condiciones Bancarias e Industriales, y la Revista Mexicana de Economía, y de la obra de Alberto J. Pani, Mi contribución al nuevo régimen. Se encontraron evidencias concretas de un cambio radical en 1932, de la política contraccionista a la expansionista, que dieron fin a la gran depresión –con cierta anticipación– en México.

Earth building technologies are increasingly being used to promote a natural and sustainable construction model and to empower self-building in resource-limited areas. This work focuses on investigating the use of different types of stabilising additives in compressed earth blocks (CEBs). To this end, empirical studies and laboratory analyses of earth samples taken from different sites in Ecuador were combined. Once the most suitable earth for use as a building material was determined, four types of CEBs were produced using equipment designed ad hoc to encourage self-building: earth-based, fibre additives, cementitious additives, and additives of other origin. The panels were characterised by means of compression tests to analyse their mechanical behaviour, obtaining the most promising results for the additivated samples with the highest percentage of cement and for the sample containing ground reeds, with a compressive strength of 3.3 MPa and 0.7 MPa, respectively. These samples were then subjected to more extensive tests using digital image correlation to analyse their full field strains and cracks, where the samples stabilised with cement showed a more homogeneous and consistent behaviour. Finally, an economic and comparative study with conventional construction systems was carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of using the proposed earth materials for cleaner and more economical buildings, mainly due to cost savings and lower pollution in terms of transport when using local resources.

The TTS package has been developed in R software to predict the mechanical properties of viscoelastic materials, at short and long observation times/frequencies by applying the Time Temperature Superposition (TTS) principle. TTS is a physical principle used in material science to estimate mechanical properties beyond the experimental range of observed times/frequencies by shifting data curves obtained at other temperatures relative to a reference temperature in the dataset. It is a methodology related to accelerated life-tests and reliability, whereas the TTS library is one of the first open source computational tool to apply the TTS principle. This R package provides free computational tools to obtain master curves that characterize materials from a thermal-mechanical approach. The TTS package also proposes, implements and explains our own method to obtain the shift factors and the master curve in a TTS analysis, based on horizontal shifting of the first derivative function of viscoelastic properties. This procedure provides shift factors estimates and smooth master curve estimates using B-spline fitting, in a fully automatic way, without assuming any parametric expression. Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) and Arrhenius TTS parametric models are also implemented in the TTS package. They can be fitted from shifts obtained by the our first derivative based method.

The electrochemical co-deposition of Cr-Co oxide coatings at room temperature on 304 stainless steel (SS) was studied using an electrolyte composed of a mixture of ethylene glycol (EG), hydrated metal chloride salts (MCln∙YH2O), and water as a secondary hydrogen donor (HBD). Metallic Cu and Ni undercoats were applied to improve the adhesion of a posterior Cr-Co metallic and oxide layer. The electroactive events that took place during both electrodeposition processes were studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry. The microstructure and composition of the surface layers were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and cross-sectional elemental mapping via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The surface of steel with the Cr-Co:EG-H2O coating showed greater resistance to pitting corrosion (123.93 mV) compared to untreated stainless steel (62.3 mV). This sample showed a large hystere-sis area, which is associated with high resistance to pitting corrosion by the occurrence of a re-passivation of the sample at a Erep value of 24.31 mV. After the cyclic potentiodynamic polariza-tion (CPP) test, the lowest specific mass loss (0.001 mg/cm2) was achieved for the AISI 304 SS sample coated using EG-water solvents (Cr-Co:EG-H2O), while the untreated AISI 304 SS reached a higher specific mass loss (0.01 mg/cm2). The Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) tests showed that the uniform corrosion resistance varied significantly from the untreated AISI 304 SS (35 kΩ) to the coated sample (57 kΩ), which is attributed to the protection provided by the chromium and cobalt oxides coating. The best corrosion resistance achieved was correlated with a superhydrophobic character (with a contact angle of 158.41°) of the Cr-Co coatings. This was in turn a consequence of a needle-like morphology characteristic of these oxides.

Beach handball is a fully developed sporting discipline on all five continents which has attracted the attention of researchers in the last decade, resulting in a proliferation of different studies focusing on players but not on referees. The main objective of this cross-sectional research was to determine the physical demands on elite male beach handball referees in four different competitions: U18 male; U18 female; senior male; and senior female. Twelve elite federated male referees (age: 30.86 ± 8 years; body height: 175.72 ± 4.51 cm; body weight: 80.18 ± 17.99 kg; fat percentage: 20.1 ± 4.41%; national or international experience) belonging to the Technical Committee of the Royal Spanish Handball Federation were recruited for this the study. The physical demands required of referees in official matches were measured by installing a GPS device. The sampling frequency used to record their speed and distance was 15 Hz. A triaxial accelerometer (100 Hz) was used to determine their acceleration. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) between competitions with post hoc comparisons using the Bonferroni adjustment was used to compare among categories. A higher distance covered in zone 1 and speeds of 0 to 6 km-h−1 were recorded. Most accelerations and decelerations occurred in zones 0 and 1 (zone 0: 0 to 1 m·s−2; zone 1: 1 to 2 m·s−2). The lack of differences (p > 0.05) between most analysed variables suggest quite similar physical demands of the four analysed competitions. These results provide relevant information to design optimal training plans oriented to the real physical demands on referees in an official competition.

Deforestation is a significant global concern, as forests are vital for climate balance, water conservation, and rainfall. In Palmira, Chimborazo, Ecuador, a pattern of afforestation followed by deforestation has been observed, influenced by both public and private activities. Some areas, due to prolonged erosion, have even turned into deserts. This study utilized the Google Earth Engine platform and algorithms like LandTrendr and CCDC to analyze satellite imagery from 2000 to 2020, aiming to understand the forest dynamics in four specific Palmira locations. The results were consistent with documented patterns of afforestation and deforestation in the region. For instance, the Galte Laime area experienced an increase in forest cover until 2006, after which significant deforestation occurred. In contrast, Palmira Dávalos, often referred to as the Palmira Desert, consistently showed minimal vegetation, a result of centuries of erosion. Galte Cuatro Esquinas presented a decline in forest cover until 2009, after which regrowth was observed. Jatun Loma initially maintained its forest cover but eventually experienced deforestation, followed by a reforestation phase. In conclusion, this research offers a comprehensive insight into Palmira’s forest dynamics using advanced algorithms and satellite-based time series. The findings emphasize the importance of remote sensing tools in monitoring forest changes, which can be pivotal for informed decision making in forest management and conservation in the region.

Congenital and acquired tissular losses due to disease or trauma are a major world health problem. Regenerative therapy aims to fix damaged tissues by directing the natural capacity of a host organism to use biofunctionalized artificial tissue scaffolds. These three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds can be customized with cells and/or bioactive molecules to induce cellular homing and angiogenesis, essential to ensure successful tissue regeneration. Hydrogels (HGs) scaffolds are networks of hydrophilic homopolymers, copolymers, and/or macromers with chemical and biological activities that enhance their cell colonization. The use of HGs in regenerative medicine has shown to be advantageous since HGs can be prepared under clinical-grade conditions and tailored to the specific needs of the replaced tissue. They can be made to emulate native extracellular matrices (ECMs) including physical, mechanical, and chemical cues and resilience properties. These customized HGs can reproduce the natural hygroscopic capacity of the original tissue which improves cellular anchoring, nutrition, and waste disposal. They can enable host molecular and cellular modification conducive to a natural cellular microenvironment, modifying the properties of the scaffold, and improving chemotaxis, cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, differentiation, and angiogenesis; HGs can be created and biofunctionalized with linked growth factors and synthetic peptides tailored to positively influence scaffold colonization and functional biocompatibility. This review aims to collect the most relevant information regarding biofunctionalization of HGs used for vascular tissue regeneration, their biological effects, and their clinical implications. While most biofunctionalized HGs are still under investigation, some of them have been studied in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo with promising results. In this regard, in vivo studies have shown that biofunctionalized scaffolds with peptides such as chitosan hydrogel with LL-37 promotes angiogenesis and healing of pressure ulcers. Also, the GHK tripeptide is widely used in trials focused on guided tissue remodeling.

Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) ferritic alloys are structural materials used in nuclear fusion reactors, which exhibit enhanced mechanical properties, as well as corrosion and irradiation resistance. In the present work, ODS ferritic alloys with composition Fe-14Cr-1.5W-0.4Ti-(0, 0.4, 0.8) Y2O3 (in wt.%) were prepared employing high energy milling (HEM) followed by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). The particle size distribution (PSD) of the milled powders was characterized by laser diffraction. These powders and the sintered materials produced were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The sintered materials were also characterized by dilatometry, diametral compression, Vickers microhardness, and corrosion rate tests. The largest Young’s modulus, microhardness, and dimensional shrinkage/expansion were obtained for the 0.8 wt.% Y2O3 alloy. However, this alloy was the least ductile. Furthermore, the 0.8 wt.% Y2O3 alloy was the one with the least dimensional change. According to the potentiodynamic polarization studies, it was found that the protective layer of Cr2O3 formed on the surface of the three alloys studied was less effective for the yttria-free alloy, since in this case the rupture of such protective layer occurred earlier than for the case of the yttria-containing alloys. Based on these results, it is suggested that the 0.8 wt.% Y2O3 alloy having fine microstructure could constitute a potential alternative as a structural material for Gen IV-type reactors.

A nivel mundial, en los últimos 16 años, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio para determinar las tendencias del sector fitness, en el caso de México, esta es su cuarta edición. Objetivo: conocer las tendencias del fitness en México para 2023, comparar los resultados con la encuesta mexicana del año anterior y con la Worldwide Survey of Fitness Trends for 2023. Método: estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, descriptivo y comparativo de tipo longitudinal. La población de estudio son instructores-as fitness radicados-as en México, la muestra es no probabilística (n= 1.538). Para la recolección de los datos se utilizó una adaptación de la Worldwide Survey of Fitness Trends al contexto mexicano. Resultados: las principales tendencias del fitness para México en 2023 son los programas de ejercicio para la pérdida de peso corporal, el entrenamiento personal, el entrenamiento funcional, el entrenamiento aeróbico y el entrenamiento específico para un deporte. Diez de las principales tendencias mexicanas aparecen también en el top 20 de la encuesta mundial y trece repiten en la encuesta nacional. Conclusiones: se puede observar una mayor preocupación de la población por la prevención en materia de salud, específicamente con relación al peso corporal y el mantenimiento de la aptitud física, la funcionalidad y la fuerza, así como el entrenamiento orientado a los deportes. Palabras Clave: entrenamiento, salud, actividad física, ejercicio Abstract. A worldwide survey has been carried out over the last 16 years to determine trends in the fitness sector, and this is the fourth edition in Mexico. Objective: to find out the fitness trends in Mexico for 2023, compare the results with the Mexican survey of the previous year and with the Worldwide Survey of Fitness Trends for 2023. Method: quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive and comparative longitudinal study. The study population are fitness instructors based in Mexico, the sample is non-probabilistic (n= 1,538). An adaptation of the Worldwide Survey of Fitness Trends to the Mexican context was used for data collection. Results: The top fitness trends for Mexico in 2023 are exercise programs for body weight loss, personal training, functional training, aerobic training and sport-specific training. Ten of the top Mexican trends also appear in the top 20 of the global survey and thirteen repeat in the national survey. Conclusions: A greater concern of the population for health prevention can be observed, specifically in relation to body weight and fitness maintenance, functionality and strength, as well as sports-oriented training. Keywords: training, Health, physical activity, exercise

Background: According to the World Health Organization, Mexico presents one of the highest mortality rates due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The "cytokine storm" phenomenon has been proposed as a pathological hallmark of severe COVID-19. Objective: To determine the association of serum cytokine levels with COVID-19 severity. Methods: We studied the cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and the IFN-γ serum levels through flow cytometry in 56 COVID-19 patients (24 critical and 32 non-critical) from Northwest Mexico. Results: We observed a significant increase in the IL-6 and the IL-10 levels in the sera of critical patients. These cytokines were also associated with mechanical ventilation necessity and death, IL-6 showing AUC values above 0.7 for both variables; and correlated with Na+, creatinine, and platelet levels. On the other hand, no association was found between IL-2, IL-4, TNF-α, and IFN-γ with tested variables. Conclusion: Our results corroborate previous observations regarding IL-6 and IL-10 involvement in the severity of COVID-19.

La estadística es una materia transversal a un amplio espectro de áreas de conocimiento. La relevancia de esta materia en los contenidos educativos contrasta con la afinidad que el estudiantado tiene hacia ella. Una actitud negativa hacia la estadística puede explicar el bajo rendimiento que el alumnado universitario ha mostrado históricamente en esta asignatura. Una muestra no probabilística obtenida por medio de muestreo de conveniencia de 384 estudiantes de una universidad privada española (Región de Murcia) tomó parte en este estudio y respondió en dos ocasiones, antes del inicio del curso y al final de este, a la escala de Actitudes hacia la Estadística de Auzmendi (1992). Se analizaron dos modelos de la escala utilizando análisis paralelo y análisis factoriales confirmatorios, uno incluyendo todos los ítems y otro en el que el número de ítems se redujo a 15. Se observó que la versión reducida de la escala mostró buenas propiedades psicométricas en términos de fiabilidad, en sus aspectos de consistencia interna y temporal, y a nivel de la estructura factorial. Las puntuaciones de la versión reducida de la escala correlacionan positiva y significativamente con la nota en un examen parcial y en la nota final de la asignatura de análisis de datos. Esta versión reducida puede considerarse más parsimoniosa que la original con utilidad educativa aplicada y para la investigación sobre actitudes hacia la estadística.

ABSTRACT Objective: Our aim was to describe the prevalence of diseases during pregnancy and the association between fetal exposure to the most frequent maternal diseases and the risk of preterm (PTB) and/or small for gestational age (SGA) newborns in an unselected sample of women who gave birth in South American countries. Methods: We conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional study including 56,232 mothers of non-malformed infants born between 2002 and 2016, using data from the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC). Diseases with higher- than-expected PTB/SGA frequencies were identified. Odds ratios of confounding variables for diseases and birth outcomes were calculated with a multivariable logistic regression. Results: Of the 14 most reported diseases, hypertension, genitourinary infection, epilepsy, hypothyroidism, diabetes, and HIV/AIDS showed higher PTB and/or SGA frequencies. Advanced and low maternal age, previous fetal loss, low socioeconomic level, and African-American ancestry were associated with PTB, while advanced maternal age, primigravidity, previous fetal loss, low socioeconomic level, and African-American ancestry were associated with SGA. After adjusting for the associated variables, the identified illnesses maintained their association with PTB and all, except epilepsy, with SGA. Conclusion: The description of an unselected population of mothers allowed identifying the most frequent diseases occurring during gestation and their impact on pregnancy outcomes. Six diseases were associated with PTB and two with SGA newborns. To the best of our knowledge, there are no similar reports about women not intentionally selected by specific diseases during pregnancy in South American populations.

La comunidad científica presencia, de tarde en tarde, episodios de fraude académico y científico que trascienden a los medios de comunicación de masas. Aunque, afortunadamente, este tipo de eventos se produce con poca frecuencia, lo cierto es que su impacto en la opinión pública daña considerablemente la percepción que tiene la sociedad sobre la educación superior y la actividad universitaria. Del mismo modo, la credibilidad científica se ve comprometida y ello favorece, en último término, el auge de la desinformación y los populismos políticos en las sociedades democráticas. Recientemente se ha acuñado el término “prácticas cuestionables de investigación” para hacer referencia a un elenco de actividades que se consideran poco éticas o no aceptables por la comunidad científica. Dado que uno de los pilares fundamentales de la educación superior es fomentar, promocionar y auspiciar la investigación científica de calidad en la que no tengan cabida este tipo de prácticas cuestionables, este trabajo tiene dos objetivos en este sentido. El primer objetivo es identificar aquellas prácticas cuestionables de investigación que tienen mayor presencia en el entorno de la educación superior. Una vez identificadas, el segundo objetivo perseguirá plantear un conjunto de estrategias encaminadas a minimizar o eliminar la ocurrencia de este tipo de prácticas que atentan contra la integridad científica. Por tanto, las propuestas de mejora aquí sugeridas se espera que puedan ser discutidas y valoradas en el futuro como estrategias que redunden en una mejora de la calidad educativa en el contexto de la educación superior.

Background. Currently, most of the research on breast cancer has been carried out in conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures due to its practical benefits, however, the three-dimensional (3D) cell culture is becoming the model of choice in cancer research because it allows cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, mimicking the native microenvironment of tumors in vivo. Methods. In this work, we evaluated the effect of 3D cell organization on the expression pattern of miRNAs (by Small-RNAseq) and mRNAs (by microarrays) in the breast cancer SKBR3 cell line and analyzed the biological processes and signaling pathways regulated by the differentially expressed protein-coding genes (DE-mRNAs) and miRNAs (DE-microRNAs) found in the organoids. Results. We obtained well-defined cell-aggregated organoids with a grape cluster-like morphology with a size up to 9.2 × 105 μm3. The transcriptomic assays showed that cell growth in organoids significantly affected (all p < 0.01) the gene expression patterns of both miRNAs, and mRNAs, finding 20 upregulated and 19 downregulated DE-microRNAs, as well as 49 upregulated and 123 downregulated DE-mRNAs. In silico analysis showed that a subset of 11 upregulated DE-microRNAs target 70 downregulated DE-mRNAs. These genes are involved in 150 gene ontology (GO) biological processes such as regulation of cell morphogenesis, regulation of cell shape, regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway, morphogenesis of epithelium, regulation of cytoskeleton organization, as well as in the MAPK and AGE–RAGE signaling KEGG-pathways. Interestingly, hsa-mir-122-5p (Fold Change (FC) = 15.4), hsa-mir-369-3p (FC = 11.4), and hsa-mir-10b-5p (FC = 20.1) regulated up to 81% of the 70 downregulated DE-mRNAs. Conclusion. The organotypic 3D cell-organization architecture of breast cancer SKBR3 cells impacts the expression pattern of the miRNAs–mRNAs network mainly through overexpression of hsa-mir-122-5p, hsa-mir-369-3p, and hsa-mir-10b-5p. All these findings suggest that the interaction between cell–cell and cell–ECM as well as the change in the culture architecture impacts gene expression, and, therefore, support the pertinence of migrating breast cancer research from conventional cultures to 3D models.

The main objective of this study was to optimize the extraction of dietary fiber (insoluble dietary fiber and soluble dietary fiber) and degree of esterification from yellow dragon fruit peels using ultrasound-assisted extraction. Additionally, the study aimed to investigate the potential application of this fiber as a fat replacement in alpaca-based sausages. The optimization process for extracting dietary fiber and degree of esterification involved considering various factors, including the liquid-to-solid ratio, pause time, and total ultrasound application time. A Box–Behnken design consisting of 15 treatments was employed to determine the optimal levels for ultrasound-assisted extraction. The optimized conditions were found to be a liquid-to-solid ratio = 30 mL/g, pause time = 1 s, and total ultrasound application time = 60 min, which resulted in the highest values of insoluble dietary fiber (61.3%), soluble dietary fiber (10.8%), and the lowest value of degree of esterification (39.7%). The predicted values were validated against experimental data and showed no significant differences (p > 0.05). Furthermore, a completely randomized design was utilized to assess the effect of dietary fiber on replacing fat content during the production of alpaca-based sausages. The findings revealed that up to 78% of the fat content could be successfully replaced by soluble dietary fiber obtained from yellow dragon fruit peels when compared to high-fat sausages. Additionally, experimental sausages using soluble dietary fiber showed similar (p > 0.05) quality characteristics, such as hardness (24.2 N), chewiness (11.8 N), springiness (0.900), cohesiveness (0.543), redness (a* = 17.4), and chroma values (20.0), as low-fat commercial sausages.

Abstract To compare the effect on the recovery of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) of early endotracheal intubation (ETI) versus bag-mask ventilation (BMV), and expiratory real-time tidal volume (VTe) feedback (TVF) ventilation versus without feedback or standard ventilation (SV) in a pediatric animal model of asphyxial cardiac arrest. Piglets were randomized into five groups: 1: ETI and TVF ventilation (10 ml/kg); 2: ETI and TVF (7 ml/kg); 3: ETI and SV; 4: BMV and TVF (10 ml/kg) and 5: BMV and SV. Thirty breaths-per-minute guided by metronome were given. ROSC, pCO2, pO2, EtCO2 and VTe were compared among groups. Seventy-nine piglets (11.3 ± 1.2 kg) were included. Twenty-six (32.9%) achieved ROSC. Survival was non-significantly higher in ETI (40.4%) than BMV groups (21.9%), p = 0.08. No differences in ROSC were found between TVF and SV groups (30.0% versus 34.7%, p = 0.67). ETI groups presented lower pCO2, and higher pO2, EtCO2 and VTe than BMV groups (p