Search

El fútbol en edad infantil o juvenil se ha utilizado como una herramienta para mejorar la salud y prevenir futuras enfermedades. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar) el efecto de la participación de 2 y 4 meses en un deporte osteogénico como el fútbol en las variables de contenido mineral óseo y densidad mineral ósea en niños prepuberales. Se incluyeron 20 niños de categoría sub-10 (9,5 ± 1,4 años) que realizaban entrenamiento de fútbol 3 horas a la semana y se encontraban en la etapa de Tanner I. Los valores de densidad mineral ósea y contenido mineral óseo se midieron mediante un absorciómetro de rayos X de doble energía. Los resultados mostraron un incremento de los valores de contenido mineral óseo y densidad mineral ósea total tras los dos meses de práctica (p

This study aimed to analyse the infuence of the FIFA Quality PRO certifcation of artifcial turf pitches on the physical, physiological performance and muscle damage in soccer players. Fifteen healthy male players (21.2 ± 1.4 years; 178.2 ± 4.3 cm; 79.1 ± 8.3 kg) from a university football team were selected to participate in the research. Mechanical properties related to surface–player interaction were assessed on the two surfaces selected for this study. A randomized design was used and the players performed the Ball-sport Endurance and Sprint Test (BEAST90) on the diferent artifcial turf felds. Average time of the 20 m sprints was longer on the FIFA Quality Pro surface than on the non-certifed pitch (+0.13 s; p < 0.05; CI 95% − 0.01 to 0.27; ES: 0.305). The players’ perceived efort was higher in the frst (+ 2.64; p < 0.05; CI 95% 0.92 to 4.35; ES: 1.421) and the second half (+ 1.35; p < 0.05; CI 95% − 0.02 to 2.72; ES: 0.637) of the test on the FIFA Quality Pro feld. Comparative analysis between surfaces showed no signifcant diferences in the time spent in each of the heart rate zones and higher concentrations of CK (+ 196.58; p > 0.05; CI 95% 66.54 to 326.61; ES: 1.645) were evidenced in the non-certifed pitch surface. In response to a simulated match protocol, markers of post-exercise muscle damage may be reduced on accredited artifcial turf felds. These insights can provide the opportunity to maximize the efciency of training sessions and reduce the risk of injury during the season. Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Grant Number: FPU18/03222) Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, Programa Operativo de la Región de Castilla-La Mancha (2018/11744) 4.379 JCR (2020) Q1, 17/73 Multidisciplinary Sciences 1.240 SJR (2020) Q1, 10/135 Multidisciplinary No data IDR 2019 UEM

This study applies “Europeanness” to the analysis of internationalization in the sport management labor market and which changes this trend necessitates for sport management curricula. The authors employed an analysis of 30 semistructured interviews with key informants from Germany, Norway, and Spain. The results reveal various effects of internationalization on the sport sector and highlight the richness and diversity in the three countries. Sport management graduates need to possess a diverse set of competencies for successfully starting their careers. In addition to subject-specific knowledge, generic competencies such as the ability to work in a team, being able to communicate in diverse languages, and having intercultural skills are important. The article discusses knowledge of international sport organizations, their governance, global trends, and intercultural and language competencies, as well as international sport event management as identified themes and proposes specific curriculum changes to promote educational outcomes of sport management programs.

Calderon Pellegrino, G, Paredes-Hernandez, V, Sanchez-Sanchez, J, Garcia-Unanue, J, and Gallardo, L. Effect of the fatigue on the physical performance in different small-sided games in elite football players. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2338-2346, 2020-Football players need to be able to perform high-intensity efforts of short duration with brief recovery periods. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of the pitch dimension on high-intensity actions and the effect of a repeated sprint ability (RSA) test on the physical performance in different 4-against-4 (4v4) small-sided games (SSG) dimensions. Sixteen U-18 elite football players performed an RSA test between two 4v4 SSGs (pre and post) to induce fatigue and compare physical data. Speed, sprint number, accelerations, sprint distance, total distance covered, and total distance covered of the players at different intensities were evaluated in 3 different SSGs (125, 150, 250, and 300 m). Results revealed a significant detriment of physical performance in the 125-m SSG after RSA, mostly in number of sprints (-6.56; confidence interval [CI] 95%: -10.13 to -3.00; effect size [ES]: 1.13 p < 0.001), accelerations (-2.69; CI 95%: -5.13 to -0.24; ES: 0.68; p = 0.032), and sprint distance (-65.44 m; CI 95%: -103.73 to -27.16; ES: 1.20; p = 0.001). In bigger SSGs (250 and 300 m), higher distance at high intensity was covered and Vmax, Vmean, and sprint distance were greater. In summary, accelerations, sprint number, and fatigue were higher in smaller pitches, and higher velocities were reached in bigger SSGs. Football players should be aware that changes in pitch size can modify the physical performance on high-intensity actions in SSGs.

espanolLa transformacion digital es uno de los pilares fundamentales de la evolucion en todos los sectores economicos. Entre ellos, el sector deportivo esta especialmente afectado y se unifica a la transformacion del altruismo a la profesionalizacion en la gestion. En este articulo se presentan los resultados de dos estudios de investigacion sobre el desarrollo competencial y las tendencias en el ambito de la Gestion Deportiva. En el primero de ellos se compara el nivel de implementacion de las herramientas de gestion entre servicios deportivos publicos y privados, concluyendo que el uso de big data es la herramienta que requiere un mayor desarrollo para el futuro exito de las organizaciones deportivas. En el segundo se analizan las competencias actuales y futuras para la correcta gestion de servicios deportivos, destacando como en la actualidad hay un desarrollo de competencias basadas en digitalizacion y gestion del datos por debajo de la media, siendo sin embargo las que requieren un mayor desarrollo para el futuro profesional de los gestores deportivos. EnglishDigital transformation is one of the fundamental pillars of evolution in all economic sectors. Among them, the sport sector is particularly affected, combined with the transformation of altruism to professionalization in management. This study presents the results of two research studies on competence development and trends in the field of Sport Management. In the first one, the level of implementation of management tools between public and private sports services is compared, concluding that the use of big data is the tool that requires further development for the future success of sport organizations. In the second one, the current and future competencies for the correct management of sports services are analysed, highlighting how at present there is a development of competences based on digitalization and management of the data below the average, however they are those that require greater development for the professional future of sport managers.

Football is a very demanding sport where many injuries take place because of fatigue. Thermography can be used to detect fatigue and prevent its consequences, through thermal asymmetries in the bilateral body areas, but its adequacy for elite footballers has not been widely studied. Therefore, the objective of the present investigation was to determine the suitability of thermography to detect fatigue in male football players. Twenty elite male football players were gathered into pair of subgroups (low [

Objective of the study: Fitness centres or “gyms” nowadays represent a real need for human beings in daily life routines worldwide. Through an exhaustive analysis of the literature has been possible to define the concept of the fitness boutique by analysing the current state of the art of scientific publications on business configurations/schemes and during the postmodern fitness industry timeline available until now. Methodology: Regarding the study design, three main databases have been utilised: ISI-WoS, Scopus, and SportDiscus. The following combination of search was employed: “fitness” intersected with “chain”, “studio” and “franchise”. Originality/Relevance: The research and keywords utilised revealed about 33 articles, and three thematic areas have been sorted: (1) franchise: from 1st to 2nd generation; (2) the boutique “essence”; and (3) social responses. Main results: Above all, the eight (8) main untouchable-qualitative features obtained of the fitness boutique model have been listed. Theoretical/methodological contributions: The research points out how the fitness industry evolved with its proper business and market models during the most recent timeline. Social/managerial contributions: This study could (1) assist researchers and professional alike in familiarising themselves with the extent of work published in the most relevant sports and leisure databases, and (2) in understanding all the qualitative secrets and successes of the franchising schemes inside the fitness field.

Serrano, C, Felipe, JL, García-Unanue, J, Vicente Gimenez, J, Jiménez-Linares, L, Ibáñez, E, Hernando, E, Gallardo, L, and Sánchez-Sánchez, J. Modeling dynamical positional physical data on field zones occupied by playing positions in elite-level futsal: a comparison between running velocities, acceleration, and deceleration. J Strength Cond Res 37(1): 200-206, 2023-The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of playing positions on the physical demands and the specific court zones occupied during official futsal games. The total number of observations were 188, corresponding to 8 matches from the first division of the Spanish Futsal League during the 2019-2020 season. All dynamic motion representations were recorded using an 18 Hz device with ultra-wideband technology and local positioning system installed on the futsal pitch for each position. Python Data Analysis Library, Matplotlib, and Python programming language were applied as computational tools to generate visual analysis of figures to represent every physical demand analyzed. An analysis of variance test showed differences between playing positions, specifically, for winger position (p0.05). Based on eta-square coefficients, all variables showed large effects, except acceleration distance zone 1 (1-2 m·s-2). Accordingly, the visual representation of positional dynamic motion data showed differences in the physical demands and the court zone occupied by the different playing positions. This innovative visual analysis allows fitness coaches to associate the physical demands with court zones occupied by different playing positions, and it aids in the design of training drills associated with futsal competition requirements.

The aim of this study was to characterise all the goal scoring patterns during open play (elaborate attacks versus counterattacks) related to zone pitch division and the number of players involved in the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. An Iterative Dichotomiser 3 (ID3) decision tree algorithm was used to classify all the goal scoring patterns (94 goals in 64 matches). The results did not show statistical differences between the type of scoring goal during the 2018 FIFA World Cup (p &gt, 0.05, ES = Moderate). According to the result of the patterns of how the goals were achieved, an ID3 algorithm decision tree with seven classification decision nodes was calculated. Consequently, this study may aid national team coaches for the next World Cup to establish notational analyses and spatial-temporal relations to understand how scoring patterns during open play are related to zone pitch division and the number of players involved.

This study aimed to describe professional soccer players’ training responses during a competitive season and to investigate the relationship between these responses with wellbeing and recovery indices. Thirteen professional soccer players from the same Spanish Second Division team were monitored during a sixteen-week in-season period. Players’ external loads were analyzed using global positioning measurement units (GPS). Additionally, subjective reporting of sleep quality, sleep duration, fatigue, muscle soreness, and stress were assessed with a customized wellness questionnaire at the beginning of each training session. A two-step cluster analysis identified profiles of different training responses generally described as lower-demand sessions, intermediate-demand sessions, running-based sessions, and sprint-based sessions; which were discriminated by different total distance covered and high-intensity actions. Interestingly, no probabilistic interactions were found between these training responses with wellbeing and recovery markers (i.e., Bayes factor < 1 suggesting no evidence, for all the variables). These findings may raise concerns about using self-reporting tools, as they show that players’ wellness data is probably not accounted for when coaching staff plan and optimize the training process. However, results should be interpreted with caution, due to representing a single team and coaching staff.

The choice of service delivery form (direct management, agencification, or indirect management) is one of the most important decisions in the strategic planning of sports systems. However, its influence on efficiency has not been adequately studied in the scientific literature. The aim of this paper is to analyse the service delivery form of sports services on cost efficiency and to study the implications the use of different inputs has for the analysis of cost efficiency in sports services. To answer the objectives of the study, the analysis is divided into three stages. First, the cost efficiency of municipal sports services is estimated through the partial order-m robust frontiers using two different measures of cost (budgetary expenditures and effective cost). Then, the two cost-efficiency estimations were compared by the Li test to analyse the existence of significant differences. Finally, cost efficiency was regressed on several environmental factors by a bootstrapped truncated regression. The results show that there is no significant relationship between the different forms of management when the effective cost is included as an input. However, there is a significant relationship when the budgetary expenditure is specified as input; in this case, direct municipal management is the delivery form with the highest efficiency., Universidad Europea de Madrid 2017/UEM24

Monitoring fatigue and performance is important for adjusting training loads in soccer. Therefore, knowing the status of the player when applying a training stimulus is key to optimizing the players’ development. This study aims to evaluate the interaction between internal and external load, during training and matches, in an elite youth soccer team. Methods: seventeen youth players of the highest Spanish category were monitored with GPS devices during training and matches, as well as recording their nocturnal heart rate variability (HRV). We employed a linear mixed model to assess the physical demands between training and matches, and to compare the HRV variables. Results: a higher total distance (+2993.35–5746.56 m, ES = 1.4), distance at high intensity (+641.24–1907 m, ES = 1.5), sprint distance (+350.46–795.05 m, ES = 2.1), number of sprints (+18.38–41.58, ES = 1.9), and number of repeated sprints (+5.91–15.30, ES = 1.7) (all p &lt, 0.001), but not in the number of accelerations, were reported during the matches when compared to the training sessions during the 11 weeks. The analysis of the HRV variables showed no significant differences between the accumulated values during a training week, providing similar results pre-match or post-match (p &gt, 0.05). The LF/HFRATIO showed a negative influence on the total distance ran, distance at high intensity, distance in sprint, number of sprints, and repeated sprint. RRMEAN was positively related to the sprint number. Conclusion: the results of the present study suggest that nocturnal HRV variables are not different between pre-match and post-match. Furthermore, it suggests that LF/HFRATIO and RRMEAN during pre-match can determine the external load that the player will be able to complete during the match.

El objetivo de esta investigación es comparar variables de juego en césped natural y césped artificial en el alto rendimiento deportivo para comprobar en qué medida afecta al rendimiento deportivo y de gestión de la instalación. Se analizaron 283 jugadoras que participaron en las Copas Mundiales Femeninas de la FIFA de 2011 (césped natural) y 483 en la de 2015 (césped artificial). Para este estudio se tomaron como referencia variables relacionadas con los pases, toques, regates y entradas. Se utilizó la U de Mann-Whitney para contrastar las diferencias entre ambos torneos. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio demuestran que el porcentaje de éxito respecto al total de acciones de rendimiento técnico es mejor en césped artificial (Mundial 2015) en gran parte de las variables estudiadas (salvo en regates), tanto totales como por posiciones. The aim of this research is to compare the game play variables in artificial turf vs. natural turf at high performance level and to assess in which manner it affects to the sport performance and the management of the facility. We analyzed 283 women players who participated in the FIFA® World Championship of 2011 (natural grass) and 483 women players of 2015 (artificial turf). Variables measured were passes, touches, dribbles, and tackles. We used U of Mann-Whitney test to evaluate the differences between two tournaments. Results showed that the success percentage of all game play actions is higher in artificial turf (World Championship 2015) in most of variables analyzed (except dribbles), in total and depending on player position.

In futsal there are two referees on the playing court and their capacity to respond to physical and physiological demands imposed during the game is essential for the success. The futsal characteristics such as size pitch, referees position and rules of games or type of league could impose specific physical efforts probably. The aim of this study were to analyze the physical demands of eight elite referees (age 40 ± 3.43 years; height 1.80 ± 0.03 m; weight 72.84 ± 4.01 kg) from seven matches of Spanish Futsal Cup 2020. The physical activity of each referee during the match was monitored with a Local Positioning System, which was installed on futsal pitch where the matches were played. The data differences were evaluated as Paired-Samples T-Test procedure. The results revealed a similar total distance between halves (2888.39 vs. 2831.51 m). The zone 3 distance (15.1–18 km⋅h–1) showed a significative decrease (p < 0.05) during the match in comparison to the first and second halves (−24.48 m; CI95%: −9.54 to −39.42; ES: 0.56). The number of high-intensity acceleration (−10.29; CI95%; 3.71–16.86; ES: 0.92) and deceleration (−24.86; CI95%; 11.59–38.12; ES: 0.99) decreased in the second half of the match (p < 0.05). Therefore, the use of the tracking device to monitoring physical performance provides knowledge of the specific activity profile from futsal referees. This information to can be useful to design more accurate the training programs. Sin financiación 2.990 JCR (2020) Q2, 42/140 Psychology, Multidisciplinary 0.947 SJR (2020) Q2, 68/263 Psychology (miscellaneous) No data IDR 2019 UEM

The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of the match half and the playing position on physical requirements in the Spanish Professional Futsal League players during official games. The external load from distance, speed, acceleration and deceleration variables were obtained from fourteen elite futsal players during 10 official matches of the 2019&ndash, 2020 season using a Local Positioning System with ultra-wideband technology installed on the futsal pitch. The results revealed similar results from physical requirements between first and second half (p &gt, 0.05). Wingers demonstrated greater high-speed running distance (+4.04 m&middot, min&minus, 1, CI95%: 0.35 to 7.72, ES: 0.87) than pivots (p &gt, 0.05). There were a high number of accelerations (7.42&ndash, 9.41 n&middot, 1) and decelerations (7.37&ndash, 9.12 n&middot, 1) per minute in all player positions. The principal finding of the current manuscript did not evidence differences in the physical performance of players between the first and second half. The physical requirements varied among pivots and wingers regarding high-intensity actions. These outcomes add new contributions to the understanding of futsal physical demands.

The aim of this study was to analyse different success models and split time on cut-off point values on physical demands to keep category in semi-professional football players. An ad hoc observational controlled study was carried out with a total of ten (840 match data) outfield main players (25.2 &plusmn, 6.3 years, 1.79 &plusmn, 0.75 m, 74.9 &plusmn, 5.8 kg and 16.5 &plusmn, 6 years of football experience) and monitored using 15 Hz GPS devices. During 14 official matches from the Spanish division B in the 2016/2017 season, match data were coded considering the situational variable (score) and classified by match results (winning, losing or drawing). The results show significant differences between high-intensity attributes criteria that considered split time in velocity zones of 0&ndash, 15 min (p = 0.043, &eta, p2 = 0.065, medium), 30&ndash, 45 min (p = 0.010, &eta, p2 = 0.094, medium) and 60&ndash, 75 min (p = 0.015, &eta, p2 = 0.086, medium), as well as sprint 60&ndash, 75 min (p = 0.042, &eta, p2 = 0.066, medium) and 75&ndash, 90 min (p = 0.002, &eta, p2 = 0.129, medium). Decision tree induction was applied to reduce the disparity range of data according to six 15-min intervals and to determine the cut-off point values for every parameter combination. It was possible to establish multivariate models for the main high-intensity actions criteria, allowing the establishment of all rules with their attributes and enabling the detection and visualisation of relationships and the pattern sets of variables for determining success.

The growing interest in fitness services is demanding optimal service management and operation. This research aims to identify the best practices in fitness center management for increasing customer engagement and for long-term stability and sustainability of the business. A qualitative approach through 23 semi-structured interviews to fitness center managers was performed in Spain, covering private centers with diverse business models (7 low-cost, 13 mid-market, and 3 premium). The managers were asked about their characteristics, the fitness center characteristics, and the managerial decisions and individual opinion. The results showed the best practices divided into five sections: customer service, offered service, marketing, facilities, and general terms and conditions. Kind customer service, the existence of loyalty programs, enough tangible quality, and online marketing strategies are essential for fitness centers&rsquo, success. Additionally, a fair fee and a maximum of a 15 min trip to the center should be guaranteed. This information has clear implications for promoting sporting habits and for engaging more people in physical activity, complementing the extensive quantitative data in the existing literature.

As most existing studies in youth academies are focused on top players, the objective of this research is to analyze the physical and physiological demands of various small-sided games (SSGs) on different age categories within a sub-elite soccer academy. We evaluated 63 young players from a Spanish sub-elite academy (under 14 = 21, under 16 = 21, under 18 = 21). Players performed four different small-side games focused on possession game (3-a-side, 4-a-side, 5-a-side, 6-a-side). The global indicators of performance and high-intensity actions were recorded through global positioning systems, whereas the heart rate responses were measured using heart rate monitors. Results: Under 16 ran a greater distance at high-intensity velocity than under 14 in the small side games 3v3 and 6v6. Furthermore, under 16 also ran a greater distance at high-intensity velocity than under 18 in the small side game 3v3 (p &lt, 0.01). Under 14 showed greater acceleration at the highest intensity (&gt, 2.75 m/s2) than the other age groups, under 16 and U18 (p &lt, 0.01, ES (effect size) &gt, 1). According to the physiological load, SSG 3v3 presented lower outcomes in Zone 6 (&gt, 95% HRmax) than the small side game 4v4 and the small side game 5v5, in both under 14 and under 16. The workload of SSGs varies depending on the number of players, but also depending on the players&rsquo, ages. Therefore, when designing the SSGs it is important to consider both the players&rsquo, ages and the workload that want to be achieved.

This study aimed to investigate morphological, functional, and neuromuscular asymmetries on futsal players&rsquo, lower limbs at different competitive levels. Sixteen male elite futsal players from the Spanish National Futsal League and thirteen male sub-elite futsal players from the third division participated in this study. Morphological asymmetry was assessed through bioelectrical impedance (fat-mass (g and %) and lean-mass (g)). Functional asymmetry was assessed by means of a 20-second static unipedal balance test. Finally, neuromuscular asymmetry was assessed using tensiomiography tests on both the rectus femoris (RF) and biceps femoris (BF) of each participant. The three tests conducted did not reveal significant bilateral asymmetries in elite players. On the other hand, sub-elite players showed significant bilateral asymmetry in fat-mass percentage between dominant and non-dominant limbs (+6%, CI95%: 1 to 11, ES: 0.88, p = 0.019). They also showed higher bilateral asymmetry in the delay time of the RF (+13%, CI95%: 7 to 21, ES: 1.3, p &lt, 0.05). However, the static unipedal balance test (p &gt, 0.05) did not evidence asymmetries regardless of the level of the participants. Elite futsal players do not develop bilateral asymmetries in lower limbs in the studied parameters. On the contrary, sub-elite players are likely to develop morphological and neuromuscular asymmetries between their dominant leg and non-dominant leg.

The aim of this study was to define a reliable and sensitive test method for assessing Shock Absorption (SA), Vertical Deformation (VD), and Energy Restitution (ER) in treadmill surfaces. A total of 42 treadmills belonging to four different models were included in the study: (a) Technogym Jog700 Excite (n = 10), (b) Technogym Artis Run (n = 12), (c) LifeFitness Integrity Series 97T (n = 11), and (d) LifeFitness Integrity Series DX (n = 9). An advanced artificial athlete (AAA) device was used to assess SA, VD, and ER at three different locations along the longitudinal axis of each treadmill and in the support area of the athletes&rsquo, feet. For each location, our results show that the error assumed when performing one impact with the AAA instead of three (SA &le, 0.1|%, VD &le, 0.0| mm, and ER &le, 0.2|%) is lower than the smallest changes that can be detected by the measuring device (SA = 0.4%, VD = 0.2 mm, and ER = 0.9%). Also, our results show the ability of the test method to detect meaningful differences between locations once the one-impact criterium is adopted, since absolute minimum differences between zones (SA: |0.6|%, VD: |0.3| mm, and ER: |1.2|%) were above the uncertainty of the measuring device. Therefore, performing a single impact with the AAA in each of the three locations described in this study can be considered a representative and reliable method for assessing SA, VD, and ER in treadmill surfaces.

This study aimed to analyze the differences in physical fitness variables, body composition, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet according to the cardiorespiratory fitness and the maturational stage in young football players. A total of 194 male football players (aged 8&ndash, 16) from three football sport schools participated in this study. Data on cardiorespiratory fitness (the 20-m shuttle run test), anthropometric measurements, handgrip strength, respiratory capacity (forced spirometry), and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (KIDMED questionnaire) were collected. Players were divided into two groups depending on their maturational stage (prepubertal n = 127 and pubertal n = 67). The results show a direct relationship between low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index, as well as body fat and leg fat. Similarly, players with lower cardiorespiratory fitness presented higher values of handgrip strength in the prepubertal state. On the other hand, improvements in respiratory values were observed in the pubertal state with the rest of the parameters when the cardiorespiratory fitness was increased. Therefore, the promotion of recreational football that encourage and develop cardiorespiratory fitness is a key factor and can be used as an effective sport activity to promote physical fitness and healthy habits in children and adolescents as well as within the population that is already physically active.

Research Question: Fitness equipment is a worldwide ever-growing phenomenon and its usage is nowadays popular both in human routines and academic investigations. Research Methods: This paper is a literature review aiming fitness equipment in relation to all the available findings connected to the complete product life-cycle phases. Results and Findings: Manufacturing industries, which are active realities of the sector, have not been a major concern for sport researchers within the production applicability sub-field. Past root hypotheses, the current state of the art and future guideline applications are addressed. Selected articles were categorised chronologically, by journal, by geographic area and, extensively, by content. Five thematic areas were included: (1) historical background, (2) creation stages, (3) product features, (4) innovation paths and (5) sectoral environments and marketing processes. Implications: By means of the provided findings, there is an opportunity to widen approaches to study fitness equipment that could be extended to the sector&rsquo, s enterprise applications and methods of work.

Background: This study aimed (1) to analyse the effect of non-occupational physical activity (NOPA) on the stress levels of fitness professionals, and (2) to apply a questionnaire to workers measuring burnout syndrome, working conditions and job satisfaction, and to compare the results with physiological stress and recovery measured objectively through heart rate variability (HRV). Methods: The HRV of 26 fitness instructors was recorded during 2–5 workdays using Firstbeat Bodyguard 2. Participants also completed a questionnaire (CESQT) measuring working conditions and job satisfaction variables and occupational burnout syndrome. Results: NOPA showed a negative association with both the percentage of stress (p &lt, 0.05) and stress–recovery ratio (p &lt, 0.01), and a positive association with the percentage of recovery (p &lt, 0.05). Better work conditions (working hours, salary satisfaction and length of service) were associated with lower stress in fitness professionals. Conclusion: NOPA appears to improve the stress levels of fitness instructors in this study cohort. Self-reported burnout levels measured through the CESQT questionnaire do not coincide with the physiological stress responses measured through HRV. Better working conditions appear to reduce the stress response in fitness professionals.

El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue utilizar un evento deportivo como elemento estresor del sistema nervioso (SN) para estudiar como los empleados de un departamento concreto en una multinacional hotelera gestionaba el estres y cual era la calidad de recuperacion con vistas a generar planes estrategicos a futuro de salud corporativa basados en indicadores de mejora (KPI). Se analizo la respuesta del SN antes y despues de un evento deportivo con demanda fisica elevada (PRE/POST) en una poblacion mixta de hombres y mujeres, 35 ± 2 anos (n=14). Las variables analizadas fueron el porcentaje de total de horas del dia donde el organismo reacciona a estimulos que le provocan estres (% estres) y recuperacion (% recuperacion) y la variabilidad cardiaca (RMSSD) como variable que analiza directamente el impacto que el estimulo estresor tiene en el organismo. Los resultados principales indicaron que el % estres en ambos casos se mantiene estable (PRE 54% vs POST 59%) lo que puede indicar una buena adaptacion a corto plazo a este parametro, lo que se relaciona con el dato aportado por la RMSSD (PRE 45,80 ± 25,34 vs POST 50,62 ± 33,77). Sin embargo el % recuperacion disminuye tras el evento deportivo a consecuencia del estimulo estresor generado (PRE 28% vs POST 19%), no recuperando los valores basales hasta pasados 3 dias despues del evento, lo que puede indicar una mala adaptacion del grupo al estres generado a medio plazo. Las principales conclusiones indican que el uso de tecnologia de alto rendimiento deportivo enfocado a la productividad empresarial puede ser a futuro una herramienta util y fiable que ayude a las companias a generar nuevos KPI en materia de prevencion de enfermedades laborales tales como el estres.

The Artificial Athlete (AA) and the Advanced Artificial Athlete (AAA) devices are the two key test methods for the assessment of shock absorption (SA) and vertical deformation (VD) of sports surfaces. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between them. Laboratory tests were carried out in accordance with international regulations and standards on 50 athletics tracks and 44 artificial turf systems using both test methods. No significant differences between methods were observed. Measurements with the AA and the AAA were compared using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), showing acceptable to excellent inter-method reliability (ICC ranged from 0.47 to 0.91). The Bland-Altman test revealed an overall SA overestimation and VD underestimation with the AAA. Linear regression analysis was performed, obtaining excellent agreement between test methods for the assessment of SA (R2 = 0.994) and VD (R2 = 0.985). It is concluded that, by applying Equations (1) and (2) in this study, the AA and the AAA could be used interchangeably when assessing SA and VD on athletics tracks and artificial turf surfaces. Sin financiación 2.247 JCR (2017) Q2, 10/33 Materials Science, Characterization and Testing, 28/87 Polymer Science 0.669 SJR (2017) Q1, 31/214 Polymers and Plastics; Q2, 72/187 Organic Chemistry No data IDR 2017 UEM

Structural components of artificial turf football pitches have been improved in the last decade. The aim of this study was to explore the influence of structural components on the in situ mechanical behaviour of third-generation artificial turf football pitches. In total, 21 pitches were analysed according to the specified FIFA procedures. The results revealed that each of the pitches complies with the requirements of FIFA regulations. Pile length sample, stabilising bulk density, tuft/m2 and sub-base material all demonstrated a significant influence on the mechanical properties of the surface (p

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the validity of two different GPS device models used for time&ndash, motion analyses in ecological testing of football. Methods: Ten healthy male players from a Spanish university football team participated in this study. The team sport simulation circuit (TSCC) used was based on previous research examining the validity and interunit reliability of different GPS systems. Participants were required to complete eight laps of the TSSC, resulting in a total distance of 1320 m. The GPS units used for the current study were the 18 Hz StatsSport Apex Pro and 18 Hz RealTrack WIMU Pro. Participants were required to wear either of the two GPS units during the test. To establish the construct validity of GPS as a measure of Vmax, timing lights were used as a gold standard. Results: The results clearly suggest that it is not possible to use the same 18 Hz GPS model or interchange it. The measurement can be considered precise when the noise is at least equal to or lower than the smallest worthwhile change. In this case, all standard deviation in measurement error was higher than the smallest worthwhile change. This is due to an inconsistency in the data processing of each trademark. Conclusions: It is important to prevent a club using different GPS trademarks at the same time, since it is not possible to compare in any case any type of result obtained between different trademarks.