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1. Final implementation, commissioning, and performance of embedded collimator beam position monitors in the Large Hadron Collider

Author

Gianluca Valentino, Guillaume Baud, Roderik Bruce, Marek Gasior, Alessio Mereghetti, Daniele Mirarchi, Jakub Olexa, Stefano Redaelli, Belen Salvachua, Alessandra Valloni, and Jorg Wenninger

Subjects
Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

During Long Shutdown 1, 18 Large Hadron Collider (LHC) collimators were replaced with a new design, in which beam position monitor (BPM) pick-up buttons are embedded in the collimator jaws. The BPMs provide a direct measurement of the beam orbit at the collimators, and therefore can be used to align the collimators more quickly than using the standard technique which relies on feedback from beam losses. Online orbit measurements also allow for reducing operational margins in the collimation hierarchy placed specifically to cater for unknown orbit drifts, therefore decreasing the β^{*} and increasing the luminosity reach of the LHC. In this paper, the results from the commissioning of the embedded BPMs in the LHC are presented. The data acquisition and control software architectures are reviewed. A comparison with the standard alignment technique is provided, together with a fill-to-fill analysis of the measured orbit in different machine modes, which will also be used to determine suitable beam interlocks for a tighter collimation hierarchy.

Published
2017
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3. Beam Measurements and Machine Learning at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Author

Stefano Redaelli, Benoit Salvant, F. Blanc, Roberto Prevete, Matteo Solfaroli Camillocci, Jorg Wenninger, F. Giordano, Massimo Giovannozzi, Tatiana Pieloni, Elena Fol, Loic Coyle, Gabriella Azzopardi, Xavier Buffat, Pasquale Arpaia, Rogelio Tomás, Gianluca Valentino, Michael Schenk, Frederik Van Der Veken, and Belen Salvachua

Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Physics, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics beyond the Standard Model, FOS: Physical sciences, Particle accelerator, Computer Science::Digital Libraries, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Standard Model, law.invention, Atmospheric measurements, law, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Particle physics experiments, lhc, Instrumentation, Beam (structure), physics.acc-ph
Abstract

Particle accelerators are among the most complex instruments conceived by physicists for the exploration of the fundamental laws of nature. Of relevance for particle physics are the high-energy colliders, such as the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), which hosts particle physics experiments that are probing the Standard Model predictions and looking for signs of physics beyond the standard model. This paper presents a review of the recent Machine Learning activities carried out on beam measurements performed at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. This paper has been accepted for publication in IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Magazine and in the published version no abstract is provided.

Published
2021

4. An Upgraded Luminosity Leveling Procedure for the ALICE Experiment

Author

Reyes Alemany, Giacinto De Cataldo, Michi Hostettler, A. Franco, Jorg Wenninger, Gianluca Valentino, and Fabio Follin

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Luminosity (scattering theory), Sigma, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Bunches, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, Calibration, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Collider, Event (particle physics), Beam (structure)
Abstract

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Interface project (LHC_IF) ensures that the A Large Ion Collider Experiment (ALICE) can operate congruently and safely with the LHC in different machine configurations and beam modes. Measurements in proton–proton (pp) collisions are vital for ALICE and serve as a reference to calibrate the Pb ion–Pb ion (Pb–Pb) measurements. However, during the pp operation to limit the event pile up (number of pp collisions per bunch crossing) and ensure a high-quality data sample, the instantaneous luminosity must be limited in ALICE to ${5\times 10^{30} {\text {cm}}^{-2}\,\mathrm {{s}}^{-1}}$ . This is achieved by applying a beam–beam separation in the separation plane up to several beam ${\sigma }$ (beam size unit), which is known as luminosity leveling. Given that the luminosity in a collider is expressed by a well-known formula in terms of parameters such as the beam separation, bunch intensities, number of colliding bunches, and beam size, then it is possible to determine the beam separation if the other parameters are known for both the target luminosity and the measured instantaneous luminosity. From the difference of the two beam separations, different step sizes spanning from 0.5 ${\sigma }$ down to 0.025 ${\sigma }$ are calculated and transmitted to LHC that accordingly steers the beams until the instantaneous luminosity smoothly reaches the target within ± 5%. In this note, the results achieved with the new beam-leveling procedure over almost a year of operation, as well as comparisons with simulations, are presented.

Published
2019

5. Achromatic telescopic squeezing scheme and by-products: From concept to validation

Author

J. Coello de Portugal, A. Poyet, Alessio Mereghetti, Stephane Fartoukh, Matteo Solfaroli, and Jorg Wenninger

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, Luminosity (scattering theory), Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Aperture, Surfaces and Interfaces, Accelerators and Storage Rings, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Achromatic lens, law, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:QC770-798, Physics::Accelerator Physics, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Beta (velocity), Landau damping, 010306 general physics, Focus (optics), Beam (structure)
Abstract

The achromatic telescopic squeezing (ATS) scheme has brought an essential conceptual foundation to the HL-LHC project, making possible a strong and clean (achromatic) reduction of ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{*}$, an important parameter with respect to which several HL-LHC sub-systems were dimensioned (e.g., the 150 mm aperture of the new inner triplet quadrupoles) or justified (crab-cavities for mitigating the geometric luminosity loss factor at low ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{*}$ and subsequent large crossing-angle). The basic mechanics of the scheme is shortly reminded, highlighting as well some of its by-products (Landau damping, long-range beam-beam mitigation with octupoles), and a recent improvement which made possible an early, but still partial, implementation of ATS optics in the LHC for the 2017 and 2018 LHC physics runs. The main focus of the paper will be on the experimental validation of the scheme, via the development of dedicated machine configurations and high-intensity beam tests which took place in Run 2. The paper will conclude on the configuration presently in mind to operate the LHC during its third exploitation period (Run 3), while trying to ensure a smooth enough transition toward the HL-LHC, in terms of optics, beam parameters, and dedicated beam manipulations (${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{*}$-leveling).

Published
2021

6. Machine learning for beam dynamics studies at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Author

Rogelio Tomás, M. Schenk, Giuseppe Bregliozzi, Xavier Buffat, Roberto Prevete, M. Solfaroli Camillocci, Massimo Giovannozzi, F. Blanc, Stefano Redaelli, B. Salvant, F. Giordano, Tatiana Pieloni, Gabriella Azzopardi, Elena Fol, Gianluca Valentino, Belen Salvachua, F. F. Van der Veken, L. Coyle, Pasquale Arpaia, Jorg Wenninger, Arpaia, P., Azzopardi, G., Blanc, F., Bregliozzi, G., Buffat, X., Coyle, L., Fol, E., Giordano, F., Giovannozzi, M., Pieloni, T., Prevete, R., Redaelli, S., Salvachua, B., Salvant, B., Schenk, M., Camillocci, M. S., Tomas, R., Valentino, G., Van der Veken, F. F., and Wenninger, J.

Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, beam dynamics, FOS: Physical sciences, Tracking (particle physics), Machine learning, computer.software_genre, law.invention, Domain (software engineering), Machine Learning, law, Collider, Instrumentation, physics.acc-ph, search, Accelerator physics, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, business.industry, Beam dynamic, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Particle accelerators, Abstract machine, Dynamics (music), Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics, Artificial intelligence, LHC, business, computer, Beam (structure)
Abstract

Machine learning entails a broad range of techniques that have been widely used in Science and Engineering since decades. High-energy physics has also profited from the power of these tools for advanced analysis of colliders data. It is only up until recently that Machine Learning has started to be applied successfully in the domain of Accelerator Physics, which is testified by intense efforts deployed in this domain by several laboratories worldwide. This is also the case of CERN, where recently focused efforts have been devoted to the application of Machine Learning techniques to beam dynamics studies at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). This implies a wide spectrum of applications from beam measurements and machine performance optimisation to analysis of numerical data from tracking simulations of non-linear beam dynamics. In this paper, the LHC-related applications that are currently pursued are presented and discussed in detail, paying also attention to future developments., peer-reviewed

Published
2021

7. HE-LHC: The High-Energy Large Hadron Collider Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 4

Author

Pushpalatha C Bhat, B. Seeber, C. Pagliarone, Marco Statera, Victor P. Goncalves, Daria Astapovych, W. Bartmann, S. Iwamoto, M. Mentink, Alessandro Tricoli, E. R. Bielert, Laurent Chevalier, Patrick Koppenburg, Marco Calviani, C. Montag, P. Spiller, Jan Uythoven, P. Di Nezza, G. Guillermo Canton, B. Sailer, Markus Elsing, Sara Khatibi, Luca Vecchi, Luigi Palumbo, J. P. Penttinen, T. Podzorny, Maneesh Kumar, J. M. Rifflet, C. Kotnig, Jean Zinn-Justin, Christopher B. Verhaaren, A. Chernoded, Alessandro Bertarelli, L. M. Tkachenko, C. Koeberl, P. J. Mallon, M. Takeuchi, W. Venturini Delsolaro, G. Lamanna, S. Weinzierl, J. Gao, W. Kaabi, David D'Enterria, D. Barna, Paolo Castelnovo, Rajat Gupta, Oliver Boine-Frankenheim, Adarsh Pyarelal, Andreas Salzburger, Tessa Charles, M.E. Biagini, O. Panella, M. Stuart, A. Kollegger, V. Garcia Diaz, Olcay Bolukbasi, Maurizio Pierini, H. Aksakal, Tord Riemann, Abhishek M. Iyer, V. Shiltsev, D. Buttazzo, J. Blümlein, Prateek Agrawal, L. Sestini, Martin Bauer, Felicitas Pauss, S. Fiorendi, F. Bossu, Marco Nardecchia, C. Leonidopoulos, Wojciech Kotlarski, A. Saba, I. Bautista-Guzmán, W. Hillert, Giorgio Ambrosio, T. Lehtinen, Michael Andrew Parker, Silvia Taroni, Gian F. Giudice, Ph. Lebrun, Johann A. Briffa, T. Risselada, Giuseppe Lerner, A. Lechner, L. S. Miralles, M. Kuze, J. M. Valet, P. S. B. Dev, S. Holleis, Ph. Schwemling, M. Biglietti, S. Banerjee, Thomas Schörner-Sadenius, A. Sanz Ull, V. Tikhomirov, S. Savelyeva, Jiayin Gu, D. Zhou, Federico Ravotti, S. A. Bogacz, Daniele Mirarchi, R. Tomás García, Yann Coadou, F. Yu, Y. Cai, T. Lari, F. Holdener, D. Shwartz, C. Bhat, Ramesh Gupta, Markus Klute, E. Palmieri, P. Collier, Branislav Sitar, Yves Sirois, Livio Fanò, S. Rojas-Torres, E. Locci, Ruben Garcia Alia, I. Božović Jelisavić, R. Chehab, J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra, M. Pasquali, A. Di Cicco, Bernhard Auchmann, Klaus Heinemann, Alessia Tricomi, D. Lucchesi, B. Haerer, M. Morrone, Paolo Giacomelli, Sonia Carra, A. Senol, Ivan Koop, Luca Silvestrini, Anna Stakia, Heather Gray, E. Skordis, A. D. Kovalenko, Paul Langacker, R. Li, Bernardo Bordini, R. Rata, Arjan Verweij, Shehu S. AbdusSalam, Andrey Karyukhin, U. van Rienen, Gianluigi Arduini, Bernhard Holzer, S. A. Nikitin, S. S. Kozub, Satoshi Mishima, B. Di Micco, S. Izquierdo Bermudez, N. Pukhaeva, Nigel Watson, F. Prino, Jean-Michel Sallese, Sotirios Vlachos, Alessandro Vicini, A. Valassi, Daniel Treille, F. Dordei, A. M. Fernandez Navarro, B. Dziewit, Marcello Abbrescia, J. M. Hauptman, I. Chaikovska, Paolo Giubellino, Michael J. Baker, V.V. Kashikhin, Friedrich Lackner, Filippo Sala, A. Langner, D. Pulikowski, H. Eriksson, Matteo Turri, Andrea Wulzer, M. Aiba, Lisa Borgonovi, I. Morozov, V. Haurylavets, J. F. Croteau, S. Boselli, L. A. Gonzalez Gomez, Claudia Tambasco, F. Mahmoudi, Sébastien Descotes-Genon, A. Luciani, Pavel Piminov, M. Varasteh, T. Herzig, Sandra Aumon, Cristina Bernini, Joseph Bramante, Roberta Arnaldi, G. Zick, Daniel Schulte, R. Santoro, Anna Kulesza, I. Turk Cakir, M. Nonis, Silvia Posada Arias, Livia Soffi, T. Wojtoń, E. Cennini, Florian Bauer, B. Rousset, J.-L. Grenard, C. Neubüser, Frederic Derue, Loukas Gouskos, Rainer Wallny, G. Calderini, M. Merk, M. Mühlegger, Roberto Cimino, M. Ramsey-Musolf, P. Rebello Teles, Mario Galanti, Mikhail Shaposhnikov, A. Andreazza, Maria Vittoria Garzelli, Masaya Ishino, José W. F. Valle, Colin Bernet, G. Velev, Cristina Botta, E. Fischer, J. Malclés, Giuseppe Montenero, Tripurari Srivastava, E. Renner, Shahnam Gorgi Zadeh, D. Cantore-Cavalli, Paul Laycock, J. Komppula, Simon C. Hopkins, Helmut Burkhardt, Eric Lancon, I. Aichinger, Andre Sznajder, F. Bordry, Massimo Giovannozzi, Aidan Robson, Anna Giunta, A. Carvalho, S. Farinon, Daniel Wollmann, M. Fouaidy, Martti Raidal, R. Gerard, Giovanni Volpini, U. Niedermayer, A. Alekou, Alexander J.G. Lunt, Vincenzo Cavasinni, Andrzej Siodmok, U. Kaya, Matthias Schott, Marumi Kado, S. A. Arsenyev, José Zurita, John Osborne, Patrick Meade, Gianmarco Bovone, G. Li, Klaus Schlenga, Antti Stenvall, D. Duellmann, Werner Riegler, I. Garzia, Yasuyuki Okumura, G. Pikurs, F. Maltoni, Massimo Sorbi, M. Arzeo, B. Strauss, Y. W. Baek, Mauro Chiesa, K. Ilyina-Brunner, Javier L. Albacete, R. Farinelli, C. Pes, Nicolas Morange, S. M. Zernov, U. Wagner, Emmanuelle Perez, G. G. Da Silveira, J. Neundorf, Néstor Armesto, T. Hahn, Roman N. Lee, Roderik Bruce, B. Y. Sharkov, T. du Pree, G. Cibinetto, Evelin Meoni, R. Rinaldesi, James A. Ellison, Radim Slovak, Silvia Franchino, Mikko Laine, T. Pugnat, S. P. Das, Yuji Enari, Emanuela Barzi, Cihan Bayindir, R. Boels, Jana Faltova, M. Moreno Llácer, Scott A. Yost, Michael Spannowsky, Florian Burkart, Marcin Chrzaszcz, K. Suzuki, Luca Trentadue, S. Masciocchi, Gilad Perez, Steve Peggs, K. Sugita, Eleonora Belli, Carmine Senatore, K. Y. Oyulmaz, Aldo Deandrea, Irakli Minashvili, Desmond P. Barber, M. I. Martínez-Hernández, A. Apyan, S. Petracca, Mikael Chala, Urs Achim Wiedemann, T. Sian, Olivier Deschamps, R. Monge, G. Avrillaud, Jan Kieseler, Hubert Spiesberger, J. Maitre, G. D. Shirkov, M. Hofer, Emanuela Sirtori, Sinan Kuday, Kirill Skovpen, Sara Casalbuoni, Johann Usovitsch, N. Chen, G. Tejeda-Muñoz, F. Bellini, E. Chyhyrynets, Michael Stöger-Pollach, M. Vogel, J. G. Mendes Saraiva, A. Rivetti, M. Podeur, Luc Poggioli, V. A. Gromov, R. Sirvinskaite, S. B. Leith, Giancarlo D'Ambrosio, Tony Price, Philippe Mermod, Rabindra N. Mohapatra, T. Mitshuhashi, Koji Terashi, Leonel Ferreira, L. Vale Silva, N. Muchnoi, J. L. Stanyard, Thomas Marriott-Dodington, A. Andriatis, Oleg Solovyanov, A. Daljevec, A. Butterworth, S. Myers, D. Chanal, Tatiana Pieloni, M. Rodríguez-Cahuantzi, G. Nardini, D. Boscherini, Kazuhito Ohmi, James Molson, S. Kowalski, Christoph Haberstroh, Martin Aleksa, K. Kershaw, M. Mulder, Leonid Rivkin, G. Vorotnikov, Luigi Salvatore Esposito, J. Kalinowski, Michele Cascella, Francesco Giffoni, Alessandro Polini, Georges Azuelos, M. Prioli, Wolfgang Altmannshofer, S. K. Patra, H. J. He, J. J. Aguilera-Verdugo, Hannu Paukkunen, P. Chomaz, Shoji Asai, Nicolas Magnin, Gavin P. Salam, R. Wang, F. Avino, Alexander Romanenko, A. Rossi, Steve Muanza, Richard Ruiz, Dmitry Teytelman, S. Klöppel, S. Atieh, M. Mohammadi Najafabadi, L. Apolinario, Andrea Tesi, M. Maggiora, A. Falkowski, Janusz Gluza, M. Sauvain, Hamzeh Khanpour, S. Chance, Ansgar Denner, Ma. Greco, Andreas Papaefstathiou, Manuela Boscolo, Joydeep Chakrabortty, E. Franco, R. R. Bosley, G. Peón, Fred Olness, Simone Alioli, Andrea Gaddi, M. K. Sullivan, M. Segreti, M. Panareo, Florian Goertz, Z. G. Zhao, H. Chanal, O. Martin, P. Azzurri, Agnieszka Chmielinska, M. Kordiaczyńska, O. Brunner, J. Von Ahnen, Jose Santiago, K. Foraz, Y. Alexahin, Marcello Mannelli, Christian Schwanenberger, S. Ganjour, Simone Marzani, T. M. Taylor, S. Di Vita, J. Womersley, I. Karpov, Valentina Morretta, Saverio D'Auria, Patrick Draper, B. Hacışahinoğlu, E. Gorini, Andrew J. Long, S. La Mendola, G. Zevi Dell Porta, I. Abdyukhanov, M. Cobal, Luca Marzola, E. Rochepault, A. Kusina, German Rodrigo, R. Schmidt, Jan Steggemann, E. Premat, P. Slavich, F. Gianotti, P. Jarry, Ram Krishna Dewanjee, L. Felsberger, T. Martinez, A. Niemi, Jürgen Reuter, P. A. Bruckman de Renstrom, Ryu Sawada, J. T. Childers, Gelsomina Catalano, P. Barjhoux, O. R. Blanco-García, Pilar Hernández, H. Correia-Rodrigues, V. Ippolito, S. De Curtis, Juan Rojo, Ayberk Yilmaz, S. Baird, Morteza Khatiri Yanehsari, Enrico Scomparin, Daniel Appelö, J. Kozaczuk, Matthew Jones, B. Caiffi, C. Del Bo, Susanna Guiducci, Giuliano Panico, M. Knecht, J. Coupard, M. Ciuchini, H. Kritscher, Claire Gwenlan, P. Costa Pinto, Thibaut Lefèvre, N. Bellegarde, Christian Scheuerlein, P. Ferreira da Silva, M. Verducci, X. Ruan, H. Pikhartova, Juan M. O'Callaghan, Kazuro Furukawa, D. Saez de Jauregui, Maria Rescigno, Stephan Eisenhardt, Andrea Dainese, Z. Drásal, G. H. Corral, J. M. Camalich, John Ellis, E. Gabrielli, L. Rumyantsev, A. Caliskan, K. Brunner, K. Tang, P. Sopicki, J. Fan, Marcin Kucharczyk, S. Gorgi Zadeh, Carlos A. Salgado, Simone Bologna, Y. Muttoni, A. Chancé, Patrick Jenny, Mark Boland, G. Yang, G. Wilkinson, Roger J. Hernández-Pinto, M. Novák, Gennady Stupakov, E. Jensen, Lance D. Cooley, Torbjörn Sjöstrand, S. Su, Matthew Luzum, J. Casas, Per Osland, T. Robens, Oscar A. Sampayo, Evgeny Levichev, P. N. Ratoff, G. Rolandi, M. A. Valdivia Garcia, Anthony Keith Morley, L. van Riesen-Haupt, A. Sublet, M. A. Mazzoni, J.L. Gutierrez, A. Abramov, Abbas Kenan Ciftci, A. Provino, L. Delle Rose, John Fox, Barry M. Dillon, V. Smirnov, G. N. Taylor, Anke-Susanne Müller, C. Pira, Fulvio Piccinini, A. Faus-Golfe, Pietro Antonioli, S. Sanfilippo, Julien Cogan, A. Ribon, Andrew Hutton, Frank Zimmermann, Lev Dudko, Erez Etzion, J. Polinski, G. Bencivenni, M. Gil Costa, L. K. Gladilin, Yannis Papaphilippou, Michael Spira, Maria Paola Lombardo, M. Fiascaris, Darius A. Faroughy, S. O. Kara, Peter Braun-Munzinger, A. Wohlfahrt, A. A. Krasnov, S.A. Gourlay, W. Da Silva, Jacqueline Keintzel, Radja Boughezal, Renat Sadykov, L. R. Sulak, Valentin V. Khoze, T. Tydecks, S. Puławski, Daniel de Florian, Pedro Schwaller, A. Akay, Nicola Serra, Sukanta Dutta, Christophe Royon, Alessandro Ricci, A. Kuendig, C. G. Honorato, K. Kołodziej, L. Deniau, Michael Kramer, J. Ferradas Troitino, A. Arbey, A. M. Staśto, Marcel Demarteau, Ralph Aßmann, O. Grimm, D. Forkel-Wirth, Owain Rhodri Jones, A. M. Kolano, G. Chiarello, William Trischuk, Andrea Dell'Acqua, Elisabetta Gallo, H. Song, Frank Petriello, N. Ibarrola, C. Colldelram, A. I. Ryazanov, A. Meier, Phillip Allport, J. de Blas, S. Chattopadhyay, Massimo Florio, X. Jiang, Bertrand Baudouy, T. Otto, Tevong You, Christoph Englert, Roberto Pittau, G. M. Bilei, Matthew McCullough, N. S. Ramírez-Uribe, J. Charles, Amalia Ballarino, Federico Antinori, A. V. Kotwal, P. Le Guen, Berndt Müller, Chiara Roda, Xavier Buffat, D. K. Hong, Matthias Liepe, G. Gorine, V. A. Okorokov, D. Bozzini, N. Simand, Giuseppe Francesco Tartarelli, C. Marquet, R. Contino, A. M. Teixeira, R. Trant, Roberto Losito, M. Quispe, Valery I. Telnov, Helga Timko, D. Lissauer, Giulio Aielli, Giorgio Chiarelli, M. J. Baldwin, A. Winter, X. Sarasola, E. E. Boos, Aleandro Nisati, Cedric Garion, Monica D'Onofrio, S. M. Gascon-Shotkin, Daniele Barducci, G. Rosaz, Nathaniel Craig, L. D’Aloia Schwartzentruber, A. Falou, A. Henriques, Tobias Hurth, Michael Eisterer, Andreas Grau, Austin Ball, D. Delikaris, P. A. McIntosh, E. Graverini, Kadri Ozdemir, F. Valchkova, Marco Zanetti, Guenakh Mitselmakher, S. Albergo, Peter Levai, Caterina Vernieri, F. Stivanello, Michael Barnes, Henri Bachacou, Daniel Fournier, L. T. Wang, D. Boutin, S. Moretti, B. Riemann, Michael Murray, Aleksandr Azatov, C. T. A. Cook, Valentina Maria Cairo, J. B. De Vivie De Regie, H. Schmickler, M. Schenk, Georgios Voutsinas, André Schöning, S. G. Bondarenko, Giorgio Bellomo, Andrei Seryi, Jane Nachtman, Clement Helsens, E. De Lucia, Jakob Salfeld-Nebgen, Lorenzo Pezzotti, Z. Townsend, B. Dalena, Mogens Dam, Yasar Onel, Yi-Ming Zhong, B. Curé, A. A. Kolomiets, A. M. Valente-Feliciano, Laurette Ponce, David Olivier Jamin, P. Krkotic, Alexandre Louzguiti, Marina Putti, Holger Podlech, Petr Volkov, M. Angelucci, F. Duval, I. Hiekkanen, W. M. Yao, Giancarlo Ferrera, C. Lorin, Y. Dydyshka, Kurt R. Peters, Gergely Gabor Barnafoldi, V. Vysotsky, V. Arı, E. Pilicer, M. Chamizo-Llatas, G. Kuhlmann, Hans Quack, R. Valizadeh, Tiina Salmi, Thomas Kramer, Adam Jeff, A. Abada, J. M. Duval, J. Abelleira Fernandez, A. Leveratto, E. Tal Hod, X. Wu, Laurent Serin, Sarah Aull, Samuele Mariotto, A. Poiron, Sabine Riemann, P. Selva, V. I. Pantsyrny, Gianluca Valentino, K. Kahle, S. Aune, K. Potamianos, Eros Cazzato, M. Giovannetti, Petr Mandrik, S. Sidorov, F. Collamati, Simone Gilardoni, S. Bertolucci, Alexander V. Zlobin, Mehmet Sahin, Marco Delmastro, G. Aydın, A. Doblhammer, Alan S. Cornell, S. J. De Jong, M. Caccia, M. Lueckhof, P. Sollander, Mauro Taborelli, J. Shelton, Frank Gerigk, Robert Rimmer, Ayres Freitas, Pierluigi Bruzzone, Brajesh K. Singh, K. Keppel, N. Alipour Tehrani, C. Prasse, Louis Rinolfi, Emma Slade, W. Flieger, Alexey Dudarev, H. J. Yang, T. Köttig, L. Mether, C. Weiland, Andrea Malagoli, Sunghoon Jung, F. Conventi, I. Tropin, G. H. A. Viehhauser, Tomas Davidek, Y. O. Günaydin, Daniel Andreas Britzger, F. Toral, James John Brooke, R. Steerenberg, G. Morello, Mauro Migliorati, Alexej Grudiev, C. Tetrel, Wolfgang Höfle, J. V. Minervini, L. García Tabarés, V. Yermolchik, Claude Guyot, D. Guadagnoli, Giorgio Vallone, N. De Filippis, Oleksii Beznosov, P. Charitos, N. Schwerg, Ahmed Hammad, P. Manil, F. Niccoli, Lydia Iconomidou-Fayard, R. Aleksan, K. Hahn, P. Meridiani, Peter Skands, Tobias Golling, Lucio Rossi, G. Gobbi, Michael Hance, A. J. Barr, V. Del Duca, V. Guzey, M. Pont, Michele Selvaggi, Oliver Brüning, J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, A. Drago, Y. Zhang, Giovanni Punzi, Viktor Matveev, Anadi Canepa, Clemens Lange, B. L. Militsyn, Martijn Mulders, Max Klein, V. D’Auria, M. Mylona, Valeria Braccini, S. DasBakshi, David Calvet, Sophia Borowka, David Marzocca, S. Jadach, A. A. Pankov, Christophe Ochando, A. A. Tudora, I. Masina, Jure Zupan, A. Preinerstorfer, Benjamin Fuks, H. K. Soltveit, G. Rolando, E.E. Perepelkin, T. G. Rizzo, Saleh Sultansoy, Federico Roncarolo, K. Elsener, R. Q. Pan, P. Zhuang, David Attié, Jac Perez, K. Kravalis, F. Anulli, V. Ruhlmann-Kleider, S. Malvezzi, Steffen A. Bass, E. La Francesca, Heinz Pernegger, K. Grzanka, M. T. Tiirakari, Alberto Ventura, Alessandro Cerri, Marco Peruzzi, Eric Montesinos, O. Etisken, F. Grancagnolo, S. Kartal, H. Humer, Oliver Fischer, M. Primavera, Marco Toliman Lucchini, P. Vedrine, Felix Kling, M. Altınlı, Sergio Calatroni, C. 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Zurita, J, Işık Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi, İnşaat Mühendisliği Bölümü, Işık University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Bayındır, Cihan, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Teoria del Senyal i Comunicacions, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. RF&MW - Grup de Recerca de sistemes, dispositius i materials de RF i microones, Abada A., Abbrescia M., AbdusSalam S.S., Abdyukhanov I., Abelleira Fernandez J., Abramov A., Aburaia M., Acar A.O., Adzic P.R., Agrawal P., Aguilar-Saavedra J.A., Aguilera-Verdugo J.J., Aiba M., Aichinger I., Aielli G., Akay A., Akhundov A., Aksakal H., Albacete J.L., Albergo S., Alekou A., Aleksa M., Aleksan R., Alemany Fernandez R.M., Alexahin Y., Alia R.G., Alioli S., Alipour Tehrani N., Allanach B.C., Allport P.P., Altinli M., Altmannshofer W., Ambrosio G., Amorim D., Amstutz O., Anderlini L., Andreazza A., Andreini M., Andriatis A., Andris C., Andronic A., Angelucci M., Antinori F., Antipov S.A., Antonelli M., Antonello M., Antonioli P., Antusch S., Anulli F., Apolinario L., Apollinari G., Apollonio A., Appelo D., Appleby R.B., Apyan A., Arbey A., Arbuzov A., Arduini G., Ari V., Arias S., Armesto N., Arnaldi R., Arsenyev S.A., Arzeo M., Asai S., Aslanides E., Assmann R.W., Astapovych D., Atanasov M., Atieh S., Attie D., Auchmann B., Audurier A., Aull S., Aumon S., Aune S., Avino F., Avrillaud G., Aydin G., Azatov A., Azuelos G., Azzi P., Azzolini O., Azzurri P., Bacchetta N., Bacchiocchi E., Bachacou H., Baek Y.W., Baglin V., Bai Y., Baird S., Baker M.J., Baldwin M.J., Ball A.H., Ballarino A., Banerjee S., Barber D.P., Barducci D., Barjhoux P., Barna D., Barnafoldi G.G., Barnes M.J., Barr A., Barranco Garcia J., Barreiro Guimaraes da Costa J., Bartmann W., Baryshevsky V., Barzi E., Bass S.A., Bastianin A., Baudouy B., Bauer F., Bauer M., Baumgartner T., Bautista-Guzman I., Bayindir C., Beaudette F., Bedeschi F., Beguin M., Bellafont I., Bellagamba L., Bellegarde N., Belli E., Bellingeri E., Bellini F., Bellomo G., Belomestnykh S., Bencivenni G., Benedikt M., Bernardi G., Bernardi J., Bernet C., Bernhardt J.M., Bernini C., Berriaud C., Bertarelli A., Bertolucci S., Besana M.I., Besancon M., Beznosov O., Bhat P., Bhat C., Biagini M.E., Biarrotte J.-L., Bibet Chevalier A., Bielert E.R., Biglietti M., Bilei G.M., Bilki B., Biscari C., Bishara F., Blanco-Garcia O.R., Blanquez F.R., Blekman F., Blondel A., Blumlein J., Boccali T., Boels R., Bogacz S.A., Bogomyagkov A., Boine-Frankenheim O., Boland M.J., Bologna S., Bolukbasi O., Bomben M., Bondarenko S., Bonvini M., Boos E., Bordini B., Bordry F., Borghello G., Borgonovi L., Borowka S., Bortoletto D., Boscherini D., Boscolo M., Boselli S., Bosley R.R., Bossu F., Botta C., Bottura L., Boughezal R., Boutin D., Bovone G., Bozovic Jelisavic I., Bozbey A., Bozzi C., Bozzini D., Braccini V., Braibant-Giacomelli S., Bramante J., Braun-Munzinger P., Briffa J.A., Britzger D., Brodsky S.J., Brooke J.J., Bruce R., Bruckman De Renstrom P., Bruna E., Bruning O., Brunner O., Brunner K., Bruzzone P., Buffat X., Bulyak E., Burkart F., Burkhardt H., Burnet J.-P., Butin F., Buttazzo D., Butterworth A., Caccia M., Cai Y., Caiffi B., Cairo V., Cakir O., Calaga R., Calatroni S., Calderini G., Calderola G., Caliskan A., Calvet D., Calviani M., Camalich J.M., Camarri P., Campanelli M., Camporesi T., Canbay A.C., Canepa A., Cantergiani E., Cantore-Cavalli D., Capeans M., Cardarelli R., Cardella U., Cardini A., Carloni Calame C.M., Carra F., Carra S., Carvalho A., Casalbuoni S., Casas J., Cascella M., Castelnovo P., Castorina G., Catalano G., Cavasinni V., Cazzato E., Cennini E., Cerri A., Cerutti F., Cervantes J., Chaikovska I., Chakrabortty J., Chala M., Chamizo-Llatas M., Chanal H., Chanal D., Chance S., Chance A., Charitos P., Charles J., Charles T.K., Chattopadhyay S., Chehab R., Chekanov S.V., Chen N., Chernoded A., Chetvertkova V., Chevalier L., Chiarelli G., Chiarello G., Chiesa M., Chiggiato P., Childers J.T., Chmielinska A., Cholakian A., Chomaz P., Chorowski M., Chou W., Chrzaszcz M., Chyhyrynets E., Cibinetto G., Ciftci A.K., Ciftci R., Cimino R., Ciuchini M., Clark P.J., Coadou Y., Cobal M., Coccaro A., Cogan J., Cogneras E., Collamati F., Colldelram C., Collier P., Collot J., Contino R., Conventi F., Cook C.T.A., Cooley L., Corcella G., Cornell A.S., Corral G.H., Correia-Rodrigues H., Costanza F., Costa Pinto P., Couderc F., Coupard J., Craig N., Crespo Garrido I., Crivellin A., Croteau J.F., Crouch M., Cruz Alaniz E., Cure B., Curti J., Curtin D., Czech M., Dachauer C., D'Agnolo R.T., Daibo M., Dainese A., Dalena B., Daljevec A., Dallapiazza W., D'Aloia Schwartzentruber L., Dam M., D'Ambrosio G., Das S.P., DasBakshi S., da Silva W., da Silveira G.G., D'Auria V., D'Auria S., David A., Davidek T., Deandrea A., de Blas J., Debono C.J., De Curtis S., De Filippis N., de Florian D., Deghaye S., de Jong S.J., Del Bo C., Del Duca V., Delikaris D., Deliot F., Dell'Acqua A., Delle Rose L., Delmastro M., De Lucia E., Demarteau M., Denegri D., Deniau L., Denisov D., Denizli H., Denner A., d'Enterria D., de Rijk G., De Roeck A., Derue F., Deschamps O., Descotes-Genon S., Dev P.S.B., de Vivie de Regie J.B., Dewanjee R.K., Di Ciaccio A., Di Cicco A., Dillon B.M., Di Micco B., Di Nezza P., Di Vita S., Doblhammer A., Dominjon A., D'Onofrio M., Dordei F., Drago A., Draper P., Drasal Z., Drewes M., Duarte L., Dubovyk I., Duda P., Dudarev A., Dudko L., Duellmann D., Dunser M., du Pree T., Durante M., Duran Yildiz H., Dutta S., Duval F., Duval J.M., Dydyshka Y., Dziewit B., Eisenhardt S., Eisterer M., Ekelof T., El Khechen D., Ellis S.A., Ellis J., Ellison J.A., Elsener K., Elsing M., Enari Y., Englert C., Eriksson H., Eskola K.J., Esposito L.S., Etisken O., Etzion E., Fabbricatore P., Falkowski A., Falou A., Faltova J., Fan J., Fano L., Farilla A., Farinelli R., Farinon S., Faroughy D.A., Fartoukh S.D., Faus-Golfe A., Fawcett W.J., Felici G., Felsberger L., Ferdeghini C., Fernandez Navarro A.M., Fernandez-Tellez A., Ferradas Troitino J., Ferrara G., Ferrari R., Ferreira L., Ferreira da Silva P., Ferrera G., Ferro F., Fiascaris M., Fiorendi S., Fiorio C., Fischer O., Fischer E., Flieger W., Florio M., Fonnesu D., Fontanesi E., Foppiani N., Foraz K., Forkel-Wirth D., Forte S., Fouaidy M., Fournier D., Fowler T., Fox J., Francavilla P., Franceschini R., Franchino S., Franco E., Freitas A., Fuks B., Furukawa K., Furuseth S.V., Gabrielli E., Gaddi A., Galanti M., Gallo E., Ganjour S., Gao J., Garcia Diaz V., Garcia Perez M., Garcia Tabares L., Garion C., Garzelli M.V., Garzia I., Gascon-Shotkin S.M., Gaudio G., Gay P., Ge S.-F., Gehrmann T., Genest M.H., Gerard R., Gerigk F., Gerwig H., Giacomelli P., Giagu S., Gianfelice-Wendt E., Gianotti F., Giffoni F., Gilardoni S.S., Gil Costa M., Giovannetti M., Giovannozzi M., Giubellino P., Giudice G.F., Giunta A., Gladilin L.K., Glukhov S., Gluza J., Gobbi G., Goddard B., Goertz F., Golling T., Goncalves V.P., Goncalo R., Gonzalez Gomez L.A., Gorgi Zadeh S., Gorine G., Gorini E., Gourlay S.A., Gouskos L., Grancagnolo F., Grassellino A., Grau A., Graverini E., Gray H.M., Greco M., Grenard J.-L., Grimm O., Grojean C., Gromov V.A., Grosse-Oetringhaus J.F., Grudiev A., Grzanka K., Gu J., Guadagnoli D., Guidi V., Guiducci S., Guillermo Canton G., Gunaydin Y.O., Gupta R., Gupta R.S., Gutierrez J., Gutleber J., Guyot C., Guzey V., Gwenlan C., Haberstroh C., Hacisahinoglu B., Haerer B., Hahn K., Hahn T., Hammad A., Han C., Hance M., Hannah A., Harris P.C., Hati C., Haug S., Hauptman J., Haurylavets V., He H.-J., Hegglin A., Hegner B., Heinemann K., Heinemeyer S., Helsens C., Henriques A., Hernandez P., Hernandez-Pinto R.J., Hernandez-Sanchez J., Herzig T., Hiekkanen I., Hillert W., Hoehn T., Hofer M., Hofle W., Holdener F., Holleis S., Holzer B., Hong D.K., Honorato C.G., Hopkins S.C., Hrdinka J., Hug F., Humann B., Humer H., Hurth T., Hutton A., Iacobucci G., Ibarrola N., Iconomidou-Fayard L., Ilyina-Brunner K., Incandela J., Infantino A., Ippolito V., Ishino M., Islam R., Ita H., Ivanovs A., Iwamoto S., Iyer A., Izquierdo Bermudez S., Jadach S., Jamin D.O., Janot P., Jarry P., Jeff A., Jenny P., Jensen E., Jensen M., Jiang X., Jimenez J.M., Jones M.A., Jones O.R., Jowett J.M., Jung S., Kaabi W., Kado M., Kahle K., Kalinovskaya L., Kalinowski J., Kamenik J.F., Kannike K., Kara S.O., Karadeniz H., Karaventzas V., Karpov I., Kartal S., Karyukhin A., Kashikhin V., Katharina Behr J., Kaya U., Keintzel J., Keinz P.A., Keppel K., Kersevan R., Kershaw K., Khanpour H., Khatibi S., Khatiri Yanehsari M., Khoze V.V., Kieseler J., Kilic A., Kilpinen A., Kim Y.-K., Kim D.W., Klein U., Klein M., Kling F., Klinkenberg N., Kloppel S., Klute M., Klyukhin V.I., Knecht M., Kniehl B., Kocak F., Koeberl C., Kolano A.M., Kollegger A., Kolodziej K., Kolomiets A.A., Komppula J., Koop I., Koppenburg P., Koratzinos M., Kordiaczynska M., Korjik M., Kortner O., Kostka P., Kotlarski W., Kotnig C., Kottig T., Kotwal A.V., Kovalenko A.D., Kowalski S., Kozaczuk J., Kozlov G.A., Kozub S.S., Krainer A.M., Kramer T., Kramer M., Krammer M., Krasnov A.A., Krauss F., Kravalis K., Kretzschmar L., Kriske R.M., Kritscher H., Krkotic P., Kroha H., Kucharczyk M., Kuday S., Kuendig A., Kuhlmann G., Kulesza A., Kumar M., Kusina A., Kuttimalai S., Kuze M., Kwon T., Lackner F., Lackner M., La Francesca E., Laine M., Lamanna G., La Mendola S., Lancon E., Landsberg G., Langacker P., Lange C., Langner A., Lankford A.J., Lansberg J.P., Lari T., Laycock P.J., Lebrun P., Lechner A., Lee K., Lee S., Lee R., Lefevre T., Le Guen P., Lehtinen T., Leith S.B., Lenzi P., Leogrande E., Leonidopoulos C., Leon-Monzon I., Lerner G., Leroy O., Lesiak T., Levai P., Leveratto A., Levichev E., Li G., Li S., Li R., Liberati D., Liepe M., Lissauer D.A., Liu Z., Lobko A., Locci E., Logothetis Agaliotis E., Lombardo M.P., Long A.J., Lorin C., Losito R., Louzguiti A., Low I., Lucchesi D., Lucchini M.T., Luciani A., Lueckhof M., Lunt A.J.G., Luzum M., Lyubimtsev D.A., Maggiora M., Magnin N., Mahmoud M.A., Mahmoudi F., Maitre J., Makarenko V., Malagoli A., Malcles J., Malgeri L., Mallon P.J., Maltoni F., Malvezzi S., Malyshev O.B., Mancinelli G., Mandrik P., Manfrinetti P., Mangano M., Manil P., Mannelli M., Marchiori G., Marhauser F., Mariani V., Marinozzi V., Mariotto S., Marquard P., Marquet C., Marriott-Dodington T., Martin R., Martin O., Martin Camalich J., Martinez T., Martinez Bruzual H., Martinez-Hernandez M.I., Martins D.E., Marzani S., Marzocca D., Marzola L., Masciocchi S., Masina I., Massimiliano A., Massironi A., Masubuchi T., Matveev V.A., Mazzoni M.A., McCullough M., McIntosh P.A., Meade P., Medina L., Meier A., Meignan J., Mele B., Mendes Saraiva J.G., Menez F., Mentink M., Meoni E., Meridiani P., Merk M., Mermod P., Mertens V., Mether L., Metral E., Migliorati M., Milanese A., Milardi C., Milhano G., Militsyn B.L., Millet F., Minashvili I., Minervini J.V., Miralles L.S., Mirarchi D., Mishima S., Missiaen D.P., Mitselmakher G., Mitshuhashi T., Mnich J., Mohammadi Najafabadi M., Mohapatra R.N., Mokhov N., Molson J.G., Monge R., Montag C., Montagna G., Monteil S., Montenero G., Montesinos E., Moortgat F., Morange N., Morello G., Moreno Llacer M., Moretti M., Moretti S., Morley A.K., Moros A., Morozov I., Morretta V., Morrone M., Mostacci A., Muanza S., Muchnoi N., Muhlegger M., Mulder M., Mulders M., Muller B., Muller F., Muller A.-S., Munilla J., Murray M.J., Muttoni Y., Myers S., Mylona M., Nachtman J., Nakamoto T., Nardecchia M., Nardini G., Nason P., Nergiz Z., Nesterenko A.V., Netto J.A., Nettstrater A., Neubuser C., Neundorf J., Niccoli F., Nicrosini O., Nie Y., Niedermayer U., Niedziela J., Niemi A., Nikitin S.A., Nisati A., No J.M., Nonis M., Nosochkov Y., Novak M., Novokhatski A., O'Callaghan J.M., Ochando C., Ogur S., Ohmi K., Oide K., Okorokov V.A., Okumura Y., Oleari C., Olness F.I., Onel Y., Ortino M., Osborne J., Osland P., Otto T., Oyulmaz K.Y., Ozansoy A., Ozcan V., Ozdemir K., Pagliarone C.E., Pais da Silva H.F., Palmieri E., Palumbo L., Pampaloni A., Pan R.-Q., Panareo M., Panella O., Panico G., Panizzo G., Pankov A.A., Pantsyrny V., Papadopoulos C.G., Papaefstathiou A., Papaphilippou Y., Parker M.A., Parma V., Pasquali M., Patra S.K., Patterson R., Paukkunen H., Pauss F., Peggs S., Penttinen J.-P., Peon G., Perepelkin E.E., Perez E., Perez J.C., Perez G., Perez F., Perez Codina E., Perez Morales J., Perfilov M., Pernegger H., Peruzzi M., Pes C., Peters K., Petracca S., Petriello F., Pezzotti L., Pfeiffer S., Piccinini F., Pieloni T., Pierini M., Pikhartova H., Pikurs G., Pilicer E., Piminov P., Pira C., Pittau R., Placzek W., Plagge M., Plehn T., Pleier M.-A., Ploskon M., Podeur M., Podlech H., Podzorny T., Poggioli L., Poiron A., Polesello G., Poli Lener M., Polini A., Polinski J., Polozov S.M., Ponce L., Pont M., Pontecorvo L., Portaluri T., Potamianos K., Prasse C., Prausa M., Preinerstorfer A., Premat E., Price T., Primavera M., Prino F., Prioli M., Proudfoot J., Provino A., Pugnat T., Pukhaeva N., Pulawski S., Pulikowski D., Punzi G., Putti M., Pyarelal A., Quack H., Quispe M., Racioppi A., Rafique H., Raginel V., Raidal M., Ramirez-Uribe N.S., Ramsey-Musolf M.J., Rata R., Ratoff P., Ravotti F., Rebello Teles P., Reboud M., Redaelli S., Renner E., Renteria-Olivo A.E., Rescigno M., Reuter J., Ribon A., Ricci A.M., Riegler W., Riemann S., Riemann B., Riemann T., Rifflet J.M., Rimmer R.A., Rinaldesi R., Rinolfi L., Rios Rubiras O., Risselada T., Rivetti A., Rivkin L., Rizzo T., Robens T., Robert F., Robson A.J., Rochepault E., Roda C., Rodrigo G., Rodriguez-Cahuantzi M., Rogan C., Roig M., Rojas-Torres S., Rojo J., Rolandi G., Rolando G., Roloff P., Romanenko A., Romanov A., Roncarolo F., Rosado Sanchez A., Rosaz G., Rossi L., Rossi A., Rossmanith R., Rousset B., Royon C., Ruan X., Ruehl I., Ruhlmann-Kleider V., Ruiz R., Rumyantsev L., Ruprecht R., Ryazanov A.I., Saba A., Sadykov R., Saez de Jauregui D., Sahin M., Sailer B., Saito M., Sala F., Salam G.P., Salfeld-Nebgen J., Salgado C.A., Salini S., Sallese J.M., Salmi T., Salzburger A., Sampayo O.A., Sanfilippo S., Santiago J., Santopinto E., Santoro R., Sanz Ull A., Sarasola X., Sarpun I.H., Sauvain M., Savelyeva S., Sawada R., Sborlini G.F.R., Schaffer A., Schaumann M., Schenk M., Scheuerlein C., Schienbein I., Schlenga K., Schmickler H., Schmidt R., Schoerling D., Schoning A., Schorner-Sadenius T., Schott M., Schulte D., Schwaller P., Schwanenberger C., Schwemling P., Schwerg N., Scibile L., Sciuto A., Scomparin E., Sebastiani C., Seeber B., Segreti M., Selva P., Selvaggi M., Senatore C., Senol A., Serin L., Serluca M., Serra N., Seryi A., Sestini L., Sfyrla A., Shaposhnikov M., Shaposhnikova E., Sharkov B.Y., Shatilov D., Shelton J., Shiltsev V., Shipsey I.P., Shirkov G.D., Shivaji A., Shwartz D., Sian T., Sidorov S., Siemko A., Silvestrini L., Simand N., Simon F., Singh B.K., Siodmok A., Sirois Y., Sirtori E., Sirvinskaite R., Sitar B., Sjostrand T., Skands P., Skordis E., Skovpen K., Skrzypek M., Slade E., Slavich P., Slovak R., Smaluk V., Smirnov V., Snoeys W., Soffi L., Sollander P., Solovyanov O., Soltveit H.K., Song H., Sopicki P., Sorbi M., Spallino L., Spannowsky M., Spataro B., Sphicas P., Spiesberger H., Spiller P., Spira M., Srivastava T., Stachel J., Stakia A., Stanyard J.L., Starchenko E., Starikov A.Y., Stasto A.M., Statera M., Steerenberg R., Steggemann J., Stenvall A., Stivanello F., Stockinger D., Stoel L.S., Stoger-Pollach M., Strauss B., Stuart M., Stupakov G., Su S., Sublet A., Sugita K., Sulak L., Sullivan M.K., Sultansoy S., Sumida T., Suzuki K., Sylva G., Syphers M.J., Sznajder A., Taborelli M., Tahir N.A., Takeuchi M., Tal Hod E., Tambasco C., Tanaka J., Tang K., Tapan I., Taroni S., Tartarelli G.F., Tassielli G., Tavian L., Taylor T.M., Taylor G.N., Teixeira A.M., Tejeda-Munoz G., Telnov V.I., Tenchini R., ten Kate H.H.J., Terashi K., Tesi A., Testa M., Tetrel C., Teytelman D., Thaler J., Thamm A., Thomas S., Tiirakari M.T., Tikhomirov V., Tikhonov D., Timko H., Tisserand V., Tkachenko L.M., Tkaczuk J., Tock J.P., Todd B., Todesco E., Tomas Garcia R., Tommasini D., Tonelli G., Toral F., Torims T., Torre R., Townsend Z., Trant R., Treille D., Trentadue L., Tricoli A., Tricomi A., Trischuk W., Tropin I.S., Tuchming B., Tudora A.A., Turbiarz B., Turk Cakir I., Turri M., Tydecks T., Usovitsch J., Uythoven J., Vaglio R., Valassi A., Valchkova F., Valdivia Garcia M.A., Valente P., Valente R.U., Valente-Feliciano A.-M., Valentino G., Vale Silva L., Valet J.M., Valizadeh R., Valle J.W.F., Vallecorsa S., Vallone G., van Leeuwen M., van Rienen U.H., van Riesen-Haupt L., Varasteh M., Vecchi L., Vedrine P., Velev G., Veness R., Ventura A., Venturini Delsolaro W., Verducci M., Verhaaren C.B., Vernieri C., Verweij A.P., Verwilligen O., Viazlo O., Vicini A., Viehhauser G., Vignaroli N., Vignolo M., Vitrano A., Vivarelli I., Vlachos S., Vogel M., Vogt D.M., Volkl V., Volkov P., Volpini G., von Ahnen J., Vorotnikov G., Voutsinas G.G., Vysotsky V., Wagner U., Wallny R., Wang L.-T., Wang R., Wang K., Ward B.F.L., Watson T.P., Watson N.K., Ws Z., Weiland C., Weinzierl S., Welsch C.P., Wenninger J., Widorski M., Wiedemann U.A., Wienands H.-U., Wilkinson G., Williams P.H., Winter A., Wohlfahrt A., Wojton T., Wollmann D., Womersley J., Woog D., Wu X., Wulzer A., Yanehsari M.K., Yang G., Yang H.J., Yao W.-M., Yazgan E., Yermolchik V., Yilmaz A., Yoo H.-D., Yost S.A., You T., Young C., Yu T.-T., Yu F., Zaborowska A., Zadeh S.G., Zahnd M., Zanetti M., Zanotto L., Zawiejski L., Zeiler P., Zerlauth M., Zernov S.M., Zevi Dell Porta G., Zhang Z., Zhang Y., Zhang C., Zhang H., Zhao Z., Zhong Y.-M., Zhou J., Zhou D., Zhuang P., Zick G., Zimmermann F., Zinn-Justin J., Zivkovic L., Zlobin A.V., Zobov M., Zupan J., Zurita J., BAİBÜ, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Fizik Bölümü, Denizli, Haluk, TOBB ETU, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, TOBB ETU, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Material Science & Nanotechnology Engineering, TOBB ETÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Elektrik ve Elektronik Mühendisliği Bölümü, TOBB ETÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Malzeme Bilimi ve Nanoteknoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, Bozbey, Ali, Sultansoy, Saleh, Özdemir, Kadri, Giresun Üniversitesi, UCL - SST/IRMP - Institut de recherche en mathématique et physique, and Ege Üniversitesi

Subjects
Beam losses, IMPACT, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics beyond the Standard Model, EVENT BUILDER, hadron collider, General Physics and Astronomy, Mathematics and natural science: 400::Physics: 430::Nuclear and elementary particle physics: 431 [VDP], 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Subatomär fysik, chemistry.chemical_compound, Conceptual design, Colliding beam accelerators, law, HE-LHC, Subatomic Physics, General Materials Science, Hadron colliders, Física::Física de partícules::Hadrons [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Large Hadron Collider, Acceleradors de partícules, Physics, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Beams (radiation), Settore FIS/02 - Fisica Teorica, Modelli e Metodi Matematici, Upgrade, Impact, collimators, partikkelfysikk, Future Circular Collider, High-Energy, Systems engineering, HE-LHC: The High-Energy Large Hadron Collider, Col·lisionadors d'hadrons, Applied physics, Collimators, Socio-culturale, Fizik, Hadrons, Accelerator Physics and Instrumentation, HE-LHC physics, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, beam losses, ddc:530, High Energy Physics, partikkelakselerator, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Niobium-tin, 010306 general physics, Collider, Particle Physics, Beams (radiation) | Collimators | Beam losses, Energies::Energia nuclear [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Large Hadron Collider HE-LHC, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Colliders (Nuclear physics), Acceleratorfysik och instrumentering, Event builder, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Particle accelerators, chemistry, Experimental High Energy Physics, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Future Colliders
Abstract

Authors: A. AbadaM. AbbresciaS. S. AbdusSalamI. AbdyukhanovJ. Abelleira FernandezA. AbramovM. AburaiaA. O. AcarP. R. AdzicP. AgrawalJ. A. Aguilar-SaavedraJ. J. Aguilera-VerdugoM. AibaI. AichingerG. AielliA. AkayA. AkhundovH. AksakalJ. L. AlbaceteS. AlbergoA. AlekouM. AleksaR. AleksanR. M. Alemany FernandezY. AlexahinR. G. AlíaS. AlioliN. Alipour TehraniB. C. AllanachP. P. AllportM. AltınlıW. AltmannshoferG. AmbrosioD. AmorimO. AmstutzL. AnderliniA. AndreazzaM. AndreiniA. AndriatisC. AndrisA. AndronicM. AngelucciF. AntinoriS. A. AntipovM. AntonelliM. AntonelloP. AntonioliS. AntuschF. AnulliL. ApolinárioG. ApollinariA. ApollonioD. AppelöR. B. ApplebyA. ApyanA. ApyanA. ArbeyA. ArbuzovG. ArduiniV. ArıS. AriasN. ArmestoR. ArnaldiS. A. ArsenyevM. ArzeoS. AsaiE. AslanidesR. W. AßmannD. AstapovychM. AtanasovS. AtiehD. AttiéB. AuchmannA. AudurierS. AullS. AumonS. AuneF. AvinoG. AvrillaudG. AydınA. AzatovG. AzuelosP. AzziO. AzzoliniP. AzzurriN. BacchettaE. BacchiocchiH. BachacouY. W. BaekV. BaglinY. BaiS. BairdM. J. BakerM. J. BaldwinA. H. BallA. BallarinoS. BanerjeeD. P. BarberD. BarducciP. BarjhouxD. BarnaG. G. BarnaföldiM. J. BarnesA. BarrJ. Barranco GarcíaJ. Barreiro Guimarães da CostaW. BartmannV. BaryshevskyE. BarziS. A. BassA. BastianinB. BaudouyF. BauerM. BauerT. BaumgartnerI. Bautista-GuzmánC. BayındırF. BeaudetteF. BedeschiM. BéguinI. BellafontL. BellagambaN. BellegardeE. BelliE. BellingeriF. BelliniG. BellomoS. BelomestnykhG. BencivenniM. BenediktG. BernardiJ. BernardiC. BernetJ. M. BernhardtC. BerniniC. BerriaudA. BertarelliS. BertolucciM. I. BesanaM. BesançonO. BeznosovP. BhatC. BhatM. E. BiaginiJ. -L. BiarrotteA. Bibet ChevalierE. R. BielertM. BigliettiG. M. BileiB. BilkiC. BiscariF. BisharaO. R. Blanco-GarcíaF. R. BlánquezF. BlekmanA. BlondelJ. BlümleinT. BoccaliR. BoelsS. A. BogaczA. BogomyagkovO. Boine-FrankenheimM. J. BolandS. BolognaO. BolukbasiM. BombenS. BondarenkoM. BonviniE. BoosB. BordiniF. BordryG. BorghelloL. BorgonoviS. BorowkaD. BortolettoD. BoscheriniM. BoscoloS. BoselliR. R. BosleyF. BossuC. BottaL. BotturaR. BoughezalD. BoutinG. BovoneI. Božović JelisavićA. BozbeyC. BozziD. BozziniV. BracciniS. Braibant-GiacomelliJ. BramanteP. Braun-MunzingerJ. A. BriffaD. BritzgerS. J. BrodskyJ. J. BrookeR. BruceP. Brückman De RenstromE. BrunaO. BrüningO. BrunnerK. BrunnerP. BruzzoneX. BuffatE. BulyakF. BurkartH. BurkhardtJ. -P. BurnetF. ButinD. ButtazzoA. ButterworthM. CacciaY. CaiB. CaiffiV. CairoO. CakirR. CalagaS. CalatroniG. CalderiniG. CalderolaA. CaliskanD. CalvetM. CalvianiJ. M. CamalichP. CamarriM. CampanelliT. CamporesiA. C. CanbayA. CanepaE. CantergianiD. Cantore-CavalliM. CapeansR. CardarelliU. CardellaA. CardiniC. M. Carloni CalameF. CarraS. CarraA. CarvalhoS. CasalbuoniJ. CasasM. CascellaP. CastelnovoG. CastorinaG. CatalanoV. CavasinniE. CazzatoE. CenniniA. CerriF. CeruttiJ. CervantesI. ChaikovskaJ. ChakraborttyM. ChalaM. Chamizo-LlatasH. ChanalD. ChanalS. ChanceA. ChancéP. CharitosJ. CharlesT. K. CharlesS. ChattopadhyayR. ChehabS. V. ChekanovN. ChenA. ChernodedV. ChetvertkovaL. ChevalierG. ChiarelliG. ChiarelloM. ChiesaP. ChiggiatoJ. T. ChildersA. ChmielińskaA. CholakianP. ChomazM. ChorowskiW. ChouM. ChrzaszczE. ChyhyrynetsG. CibinettoA. K. CiftciR. CiftciR. CiminoM. CiuchiniP. J. ClarkY. CoadouM. CobalA. CoccaroJ. CoganE. CognerasF. CollamatiC. ColldelramP. CollierJ. CollotR. ContinoF. ConventiC. T. A. CookL. CooleyG. CorcellaA. S. CornellG. H. CorralH. Correia-RodriguesF. CostanzaP. Costa PintoF. CoudercJ. CoupardN. CraigI. Crespo GarridoA. CrivellinJ. F. CroteauM. CrouchE. Cruz AlanizB. CuréJ. CurtiD. CurtinM. CzechC. DachauerR. T. D’AgnoloM. DaiboA. DaineseB. DalenaA. DaljevecW. DallapiazzaL. D’Aloia SchwartzentruberM. DamG. D’AmbrosioS. P. DasS. DasBakshiW. da SilvaG. G. da SilveiraV. D’AuriaS. D’AuriaA. DavidT. DavidekA. DeandreaJ. de BlasC. J. DebonoS. De CurtisN. De FilippisD. de FlorianS. DeghayeS. J. de JongC. Del BoV. Del DucaD. DelikarisF. DeliotA. Dell’AcquaL. Delle RoseM. DelmastroE. De LuciaM. DemarteauD. DenegriL. DeniauD. DenisovH. DenizliA. DennerD. d’EnterriaG. de RijkA. De RoeckF. DerueO. DeschampsS. Descotes-GenonP. S. B. DevJ. B. de Vivie de RégieR. K. DewanjeeA. Di CiaccioA. Di CiccoB. M. DillonB. Di MiccoP. Di NezzaS. Di VitaA. DoblhammerA. DominjonM. D’OnofrioF. DordeiA. DragoP. DraperZ. DrasalM. DrewesL. DuarteI. DubovykP. DudaA. DudarevL. DudkoD. DuellmannM. DünserT. du PreeM. DuranteH. Duran YildizS. DuttaF. DuvalJ. M. DuvalY. DydyshkaB. DziewitS. EisenhardtM. EistererT. EkelofD. El KhechenS. A. EllisJ. EllisJ. A. EllisonK. ElsenerM. ElsingY. EnariC. EnglertH. ErikssonK. J. EskolaL. S. EspositoO. EtiskenE. EtzionP. FabbricatoreA. FalkowskiA. FalouJ. FaltovaJ. FanL. FanòA. FarillaR. FarinelliS. FarinonD. A. FaroughyS. D. FartoukhA. Faus-GolfeW. J. FawcettG. FeliciL. FelsbergerC. FerdeghiniA. M. Fernandez NavarroA. Fernández-TéllezJ. Ferradas TroitinoG. FerraraR. FerrariL. FerreiraP. Ferreira da SilvaG. FerreraF. FerroM. FiascarisS. FiorendiC. FiorioO. FischerE. FischerW. FliegerM. FlorioD. FonnesuE. FontanesiN. FoppianiK. ForazD. Forkel-WirthS. ForteM. FouaidyD. FournierT. FowlerJ. FoxP. FrancavillaR. FranceschiniS. FranchinoE. FrancoA. FreitasB. FuksK. FurukawaS. V. FurusethE. GabrielliA. GaddiM. GalantiE. GalloS. GanjourJ. GaoJ. GaoV. Garcia DiazM. García PérezL. García TabarésC. GarionM. V. GarzelliI. GarziaS. M. Gascon-ShotkinG. GaudioP. GayS. -F. GeT. GehrmannM. H. GenestR. GerardF. GerigkH. GerwigP. GiacomelliS. GiaguE. Gianfelice-WendtF. GianottiF. GiffoniS. S. GilardoniM. Gil CostaM. GiovannettiM. GiovannozziP. GiubellinoG. F. GiudiceA. GiuntaL. K. GladilinS. GlukhovJ. GluzaG. GobbiB. GoddardF. GoertzT. GollingV. P. GoncalvesR. GonçaloL. A. Gonzalez GomezS. Gorgi ZadehG. GorineE. GoriniS. A. GourlayL. GouskosF. GrancagnoloA. GrassellinoA. GrauE. GraveriniH. M. GrayMa. GrecoMi. GrecoJ. -L. GrenardO. GrimmC. GrojeanV. A. GromovJ. F. Grosse-OetringhausA. GrudievK. GrzankaJ. GuD. GuadagnoliV. GuidiS. GuiducciG. Guillermo CantonY. O. GünaydinR. GuptaR. S. GuptaJ. GutierrezJ. GutleberC. GuyotV. GuzeyC. GwenlanC. HaberstrohB. HacışahinoğluB. HaererK. HahnT. HahnA. HammadC. HanM. HanceA. HannahP. C. HarrisC. HatiS. HaugJ. HauptmanV. HaurylavetsH. -J. HeA. HegglinB. HegnerK. HeinemannS. HeinemeyerC. HelsensA. HenriquesA. HenriquesP. HernandezR. J. Hernández-PintoJ. Hernandez-SanchezT. HerzigI. HiekkanenW. HillertT. HoehnM. HoferW. HöfleF. HoldenerS. HolleisB. HolzerD. K. HongC. G. HonoratoS. C. HopkinsJ. HrdinkaF. HugB. HumannH. HumerT. HurthA. HuttonG. IacobucciN. IbarrolaL. Iconomidou-FayardK. Ilyina-BrunnerJ. IncandelaA. InfantinoV. IppolitoM. IshinoR. IslamH. ItaA. IvanovsS. IwamotoA. IyerS. Izquierdo BermudezS. JadachD. O. JaminP. JanotP. JarryA. JeffP. JennyE. JensenM. JensenX. JiangJ. M. JiménezM. A. JonesO. R. JonesJ. M. JowettS. JungW. KaabiM. KadoK. KahleL. KalinovskayaJ. KalinowskiJ. F. KamenikK. KannikeS. O. KaraH. KaradenizV. KaraventzasI. KarpovS. KartalA. KaryukhinV. KashikhinJ. Katharina BehrU. KayaJ. KeintzelP. A. KeinzK. KeppelR. KersevanK. KershawH. KhanpourS. KhatibiM. Khatiri YanehsariV. V. KhozeJ. KieselerA. KilicA. KilpinenY. -K. KimD. W. KimU. KleinM. KleinF. KlingN. KlinkenbergS. KlöppelM. KluteV. I. KlyukhinM. KnechtB. KniehlF. KocakC. KoeberlA. M. KolanoA. KolleggerK. KołodziejA. A. KolomietsJ. KomppulaI. KoopP. KoppenburgM. KoratzinosM. KordiaczyńskaM. KorjikO. KortnerP. KostkaW. KotlarskiC. KotnigT. KöttigA. V. KotwalA. D. KovalenkoS. KowalskiJ. KozaczukG. A. KozlovS. S. KozubA. M. KrainerT. KramerM. KrämerM. KrammerA. A. KrasnovF. KraussK. KravalisL. KretzschmarR. M. KriskeH. KritscherP. KrkoticH. KrohaM. KucharczykS. KudayA. KuendigG. KuhlmannA. KuleszaM. KumarM. KumarA. KusinaS. KuttimalaiM. KuzeT. KwonF. LacknerM. LacknerE. La FrancescaM. LaineG. LamannaS. La MendolaE. LançonG. LandsbergP. LangackerC. LangeA. LangnerA. J. LankfordJ. P. LansbergT. LariP. J. LaycockP. LebrunA. LechnerK. LeeS. LeeR. LeeT. LefevreP. Le GuenT. LehtinenS. B. LeithP. LenziE. LeograndeC. LeonidopoulosI. Leon-MonzonG. LernerO. LeroyT. LesiakP. LévaiA. LeverattoE. LevichevG. LiS. LiR. LiD. LiberatiM. LiepeD. A. LissauerZ. LiuA. LobkoE. LocciE. Logothetis AgaliotisM. P. LombardoA. J. LongC. LorinR. LositoA. LouzguitiI. LowD. LucchesiM. T. LucchiniA. LucianiM. LueckhofA. J. G. LuntM. LuzumD. A. LyubimtsevM. MaggioraN. MagninM. A. MahmoudF. MahmoudiJ. MaitreV. MakarenkoA. MalagoliJ. MalclésL. MalgeriP. J. MallonF. MaltoniS. MalvezziO. B. MalyshevG. MancinelliP. MandrikP. ManfrinettiM. ManganoP. ManilM. MannelliG. MarchioriF. MarhauserV. MarianiV. MarinozziS. MariottoP. MarquardC. MarquetT. Marriott-DodingtonR. MartinO. MartinJ. Martin CamalichT. MartinezH. Martinez BruzualM. I. Martínez-HernándezD. E. MartinsS. MarzaniD. MarzoccaL. MarzolaS. MasciocchiI. MasinaA. MassimilianoA. MassironiT. MasubuchiV. A. MatveevM. A. MazzoniM. McCulloughP. A. McIntoshP. MeadeL. MedinaA. MeierJ. MeignanB. MeleJ. G. Mendes SaraivaF. MenezM. MentinkE. MeoniP. MeridianiM. MerkP. MermodV. MertensL. MetherE. MétralM. MiglioratiA. MilaneseC. MilardiG. MilhanoB. L. MilitsynF. MilletI. MinashviliJ. V. MinerviniL. S. MirallesD. MirarchiS. MishimaD. P. MissiaenG. MitselmakherT. MitshuhashiJ. MnichM. Mohammadi NajafabadiR. N. MohapatraN. MokhovJ. G. MolsonR. MongeC. MontagG. MontagnaS. MonteilG. MonteneroE. MontesinosF. MoortgatN. MorangeG. MorelloM. Moreno LlácerM. MorettiS. MorettiA. K. MorleyA. MorosI. MorozovV. MorrettaM. MorroneA. MostacciS. MuanzaN. MuchnoiM. MühleggerM. MulderM. MuldersB. MüllerF. MüllerA. -S. MüllerJ. MunillaM. J. MurrayY. MuttoniS. MyersM. MylonaJ. NachtmanT. NakamotoM. NardecchiaG. NardiniP. NasonZ. NergizA. V. NesterenkoJ. A. NettoA. NettsträterC. NeubüserJ. NeundorfF. NiccoliO. NicrosiniY. NieU. NiedermayerJ. NiedzielaA. NiemiS. A. NikitinA. NisatiJ. M. NoM. NonisY. NosochkovM. NovákA. NovokhatskiJ. M. O’CallaghanC. OchandoS. OgurK. OhmiK. OideV. A. OkorokovY. OkumuraC. OleariF. I. OlnessY. OnelM. OrtinoJ. OsborneP. OslandT. OttoK. Y. OyulmazA. OzansoyV. ÖzcanK. ÖzdemirC. E. PagliaroneH. F. Pais da SilvaE. PalmieriL. PalumboA. PampaloniR. -Q. PanM. PanareoO. PanellaG. PanicoG. PanizzoA. A. PankovV. PantsyrnyC. G. PapadopoulosA. PapaefstathiouY. PapaphilippouM. A. ParkerV. ParmaM. PasqualiS. K. PatraR. PattersonH. PaukkunenF. PaussS. PeggsJ. -P. PenttinenG. PeónE. E. PerepelkinE. PerezJ. C. PerezG. PerezF. PérezE. Perez CodinaJ. Perez MoralesM. PerfilovH. PerneggerM. PeruzziC. PesK. PetersS. PetraccaF. PetrielloL. PezzottiS. PfeifferF. PiccininiT. PieloniM. PieriniH. PikhartovaG. PikursE. PilicerP. PiminovC. PiraR. PittauW. PłaczekM. PlaggeT. PlehnM. -A. PleierM. PłoskońM. PodeurH. PodlechT. PodzornyL. PoggioliA. PoironG. PoleselloM. Poli LenerA. PoliniJ. PolinskiS. M. PolozovL. PonceM. PontL. PontecorvoT. PortaluriK. PotamianosC. PrasseM. PrausaA. PreinerstorferE. PrematT. PriceM. PrimaveraF. PrinoM. PrioliJ. ProudfootA. ProvinoT. PugnatN. PukhaevaS. PuławskiD. PulikowskiG. PunziM. PuttiA. PyarelalH. QuackM. QuispeA. RacioppiH. RafiqueV. RaginelM. RaidalN. S. Ramírez-UribeM. J. Ramsey-MusolfR. RataP. RatoffF. RavottiP. Rebello TelesM. ReboudS. RedaelliE. RennerA. E. Rentería-OlivoM. RescignoJ. ReuterA. RibonA. M. RicciW. RieglerS. RiemannB. RiemannT. RiemannJ. M. RiffletR. A. RimmerR. RinaldesiL. RinolfiO. Rios RubirasT. RisseladaA. RivettiL. RivkinT. RizzoT. RobensF. RobertA. J. RobsonE. RochepaultC. RodaG. RodrigoM. Rodríguez-CahuantziC. RoganM. RoigS. Rojas-TorresJ. RojoG. RolandiG. RolandoP. RoloffA. RomanenkoA. RomanovF. RoncaroloA. Rosado SanchezG. RosazL. RossiA. RossiR. RossmanithB. RoussetC. RoyonX. RuanI. RuehlV. Ruhlmann-KleiderR. RuizL. RumyantsevR. RuprechtA. I. RyazanovA. SabaR. SadykovD. Saez de JaureguiM. SahinB. SailerM. SaitoF. SalaG. P. SalamJ. Salfeld-NebgenC. A. SalgadoS. SaliniJ. M. SalleseT. SalmiA. SalzburgerO. A. SampayoS. SanfilippoJ. SantiagoE. SantopintoR. SantoroA. Sanz UllX. SarasolaI. H. SarpünM. SauvainS. SavelyevaR. SawadaG. F. R. SborliniA. SchafferM. SchaumannM. SchenkC. ScheuerleinI. SchienbeinK. SchlengaH. SchmicklerR. SchmidtD. SchoerlingA. SchoningT. Schörner-SadeniusM. SchottD. SchulteP. SchwallerC. SchwanenbergerP. SchwemlingN. SchwergL. ScibileA. SciutoE. ScomparinC. SebastianiB. SeeberM. SegretiP. SelvaM. SelvaggiC. SenatoreA. SenolL. SerinM. SerlucaN. SerraA. SeryiL. SestiniA. SfyrlaM. ShaposhnikovE. ShaposhnikovaB. Y. SharkovD. ShatilovJ. SheltonV. ShiltsevI. P. ShipseyG. D. ShirkovA. ShivajiD. ShwartzT. SianS. SidorovA. SiemkoL. SilvestriniN. SimandF. SimonB. K. SinghA. SiódmokY. SiroisE. SirtoriR. SirvinskaiteB. SitarT. SjöstrandP. SkandsE. SkordisK. SkovpenM. SkrzypekE. SladeP. SlavichR. SlovakV. SmalukV. SmirnovW. SnoeysL. SoffiP. SollanderO. SolovyanovH. K. SoltveitH. SongP. SopickiM. SorbiL. SpallinoM. SpannowskyB. SpataroP. SphicasH. SpiesbergerP. SpillerM. SpiraT. SrivastavaJ. StachelA. StakiaJ. L. StanyardE. StarchenkoA. Y. StarikovA. M. StaśtoM. StateraR. SteerenbergJ. SteggemannA. StenvallF. StivanelloD. StöckingerL. S. StoelM. Stöger-PollachB. StraussM. StuartG. StupakovS. SuA. SubletK. SugitaL. SulakM. K. SullivanS. SultansoyT. SumidaK. SuzukiG. SylvaM. J. SyphersA. SznajderM. TaborelliN. A. TahirM. TakeuchiE. Tal HodC. TambascoJ. TanakaK. TangI. TapanS. TaroniG. F. TartarelliG. TassielliL. TavianT. M. TaylorG. N. TaylorA. M. TeixeiraG. Tejeda-MuñozV. I. TelnovR. TenchiniH. H. J. ten KateK. TerashiA. TesiM. TestaC. TetrelD. TeytelmanJ. ThalerA. ThammS. ThomasM. T. TiirakariV. TikhomirovD. TikhonovH. TimkoV. TisserandL. M. TkachenkoJ. TkaczukJ. P. TockB. ToddE. TodescoR. Tomás GarciaD. TommasiniG. TonelliF. ToralT. TorimsR. TorreZ. TownsendR. TrantD. TreilleL. TrentadueA. TricoliA. TricomiW. TrischukI. S. TropinB. TuchmingA. A. TudoraB. TurbiarzI. Turk CakirM. TurriT. TydecksJ. UsovitschJ. UythovenR. VaglioA. ValassiF. ValchkovaM. A. Valdivia GarciaP. ValenteR. U. ValenteA. -M. Valente-FelicianoG. ValentinoL. Vale SilvaJ. M. ValetR. ValizadehJ. W. F. ValleS. VallecorsaG. ValloneM. van LeeuwenU. H. van RienenL. van Riesen-HauptM. VarastehL. VecchiP. VedrineG. VelevR. VenessA. VenturaW. Venturini DelsolaroM. VerducciC. B. VerhaarenC. VernieriA. P. VerweijO. VerwilligenO. ViazloA. ViciniG. ViehhauserN. VignaroliM. VignoloA. VitranoI. VivarelliS. VlachosM. VogelD. M. VogtV. VölklP. VolkovG. VolpiniJ. von AhnenG. VorotnikovG. G. VoutsinasV. VysotskyU. WagnerR. WallnyL. -T. WangR. WangK. WangB. F. L. WardT. P. WatsonN. K. WatsonZ. WsC. WeilandS. WeinzierlC. P. WelschJ. WenningerM. WidorskiU. A. WiedemannH. -U. WienandsG. WilkinsonP. H. WilliamsA. WinterA. WohlfahrtT. WojtońD. WollmannJ. WomersleyD. WoogX. WuA. WulzerM. K. YanehsariG. YangH. J. YangW. -M. YaoE. YazganV. YermolchikA. YilmazA. YilmazH. -D. YooS. A. YostT. YouC. YoungT. -T. YuF. YuA. ZaborowskaS. G. ZadehM. ZahndM. ZanettiL. ZanottoL. ZawiejskiP. ZeilerM. ZerlauthS. M. ZernovG. Zevi Dell PortaZ. ZhangY. ZhangC. ZhangH. ZhangZ. ZhaoY. -M. ZhongJ. ZhouD. ZhouP. ZhuangG. ZickF. ZimmermannEmail authorJ. Zinn-JustinL. ZivkovicA. V. ZlobinM. ZobovJ. ZupanJ. Zuritathe FCC Collaboration, In response to the 2013 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics (EPPSU), the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study was launched as a world-wide international collaboration hosted by CERN. The FCC study covered an energy-frontier hadron collider (FCC-hh), a highest-luminosity high-energy lepton collider (FCC-ee), the corresponding 100km tunnel infrastructure, as well as the physics opportunities of these two colliders, and a high-energy LHC, based on FCC-hh technology. This document constitutes the fourth volume of the FCC Conceptual Design Report, devoted to the High-Energy Large Hadron Collider HE-LHC. It summarizes the HE-LHC physics discovery opportunities, presents the HE-LHC accelerator design, performance reach, and operation plan, discusses the underlying technologies, the civil engineering and technical infrastructure, and also sketches a possible implementation. Combining ingredients from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the high-luminosity LHC upgrade and adding novel technologies and approaches, the HE-LHC design aims at a hadron collider with about twice the centre-of-mass collision energy that the LHC can reach. Its performance aims at exploring physics beyond the Standard Model, signi cantly extending the LHC's direct and indirect sensitivity to new physics and discoveries.

Published
2020

8. The Largest Accelerators and Colliders of Their Time

Author

Karl Hubert Mess, Katsunobu Oide, T. Roser, K. Hübner, Peter Schmüser, Jorg Wenninger, R. Steerenberg, J. Seeman, R. Bailey, and Sergey Ivanov

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Proton Synchrotron, Proton energy, Accelerators and Storage Rings, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Cosmotron, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract

The Study Group for a GeV-scale Proton Synchrotron was launched in 1952 at CERN. Initially, an up-scaled version of the 3 GeV Cosmotron was considered but soon a new design based on the newly discovered alternating-gradient principle and promising a proton energy of 30 GeV was adopted by the CERN Council in the same year. In order to limit cost the energy was subsequently limited to 25 GeV and the project led by J.B. Adams was approved in 1953. The final parameters were fixed in 1954 and construction started in 1955. The CPS [1] became operational towards the end of 1959 reaching an energy of 28 GeV [2, 3]. It has turned out to be an extremely versatile facility [4] (Table 10.1).

Published
2020

9. Optics interlock system for the CERN LHC: Implementation and operational experience

Author

M. A. Galilée, Michaela Schaumann, Kajetan Fuchsberger, Jorg Wenninger, Delphine Jacquet, J. Makai, Andrea Calia, Georges-Henry Hemelsoet, and Michi Hostettler

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), business.industry, Electrical engineering, lcsh:QC770-798, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Surfaces and Interfaces, Interlock, business, Accelerators and Storage Rings
Abstract

In 2016 the luminosity reach of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) was increased by reducing the β-function in the main collision points below the design value to β^{*}=40 cm. This was possible thanks to a specially matched betatron phase advance between the extraction kickers and some sensitive machine elements that would otherwise risk to be damaged by miskicked beam in case of an asynchronous beam dump. This method imposed the demand to guarantee the phase advance always stays within an acceptable tolerance, including operational actions like tune adjustments. Therefore, a new interlock system on the quadrupole magnet currents was put in place to safeguard the stability of the phase advance. This paper describes the technical implementation of this power-converter interlock (PcInterlock) and the strategies used to derive appropriated tolerances to allow sufficient protection without risking false beam dump triggers. The experience with the new PcInterlock settings in 2016-18 are discussed.

Published
2020

10. First determination of the $${\rho }$$ parameter at $${\sqrt{s} = 13}$$ TeV: probing the existence of a colourless C-odd three-gluon compound state

Author

J. Kopal, M. Oriunno, M. M. Macri, Gianluca Valentino, V. K. Eremin, Federico Ravotti, C. Baldenegro Barrera, V. Avati, P. Wyszkowski, A. Fiergolski, M. Lo Vetere, Belen Salvachua, Nicola Minafra, Tamas Novak, L. Losurdo, A. Mereghetti, Christophe Royon, M. Csanad, J. Procházka, E. Radermacher, Helmut Burkhardt, Giuseppe Latino, Tamás Csörgő, Georgy Antchev, Justin Williams, D. Druzhkin, J. Smajek, M. G. Catanesi, H. Saarikko, Ubaldo Bottigli, Maciej Malawski, J. Hammerbauer, Nicola Turini, Vaclav Vacek, Eraldo Oliveri, W. Snoeys, A. Scribano, J. Welti, Vjaceslav Georgiev, F. Oljemark, Zdenek Peroutka, Jorg Wenninger, Milos Lokajicek, J. Siroky, Martin Doubek, G. Ruggiero, S. Gianì, Fabrizio Ferro, J. Heino, I. Atanassov, S. Lami, J. Kaspar, Enrico Robutti, S. Minutoli, F. Lucas Rodríguez, Leszek Grzanka, P. Helander, Richard Linhart, E. Radicioni, R. Lauhakangas, V. Kundrát, Cole Lindsey, Vincenzo Berardi, H. Niewiadomski, E. Bossini, Francisco Garcia, M. Quinto, K. Eggert, Frigyes Nemes, T. Naaranoja, Vladimir Ivanchenko, F. S. Cafagna, P. Palazzi, A. Karev, K. Osterberg, Joachim Baechler, Roderik Bruce, Marco Bozzo, M. Janda, R. Stefanovitch, Daniele Mirarchi, P. Aspell, K. Zielinski, J. Sziklai, A. D'Orazio, Evgueni Tcherniaev, Vittorio M. N. Passaro, Tommaso Isidori, H. Garcia Morales, J. Zich, Mirko Berretti, C. Taylor, F. De Leonardis, Mario Deile, and Stefano Redaelli

Subjects
Quantum chromodynamics, Elastic scattering, Physics, Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 01 natural sciences, Gluon, Scattering amplitude, Amplitude, 0103 physical sciences, Bound state, Coulomb, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

The TOTEM experiment at the LHC has performed the first measurement at $$\sqrt{s} = 13\,\mathrm{TeV}$$s=13TeV of the $$\rho $$ρ parameter, the real to imaginary ratio of the nuclear elastic scattering amplitude at $$t=0$$t=0, obtaining the following results: $$\rho = 0.09 \pm 0.01$$ρ=0.09±0.01 and $$\rho = 0.10 \pm 0.01$$ρ=0.10±0.01, depending on different physics assumptions and mathematical modelling. The unprecedented precision of the $$\rho $$ρ measurement, combined with the TOTEM total cross-section measurements in an energy range larger than $$10\,\mathrm{TeV}$$10TeV (from 2.76 to $$13\,\mathrm{TeV}$$13TeV), has implied the exclusion of all the models classified and published by COMPETE. The $$\rho $$ρ results obtained by TOTEM are compatible with the predictions, from other theoretical models both in the Regge-like framework and in the QCD framework, of a crossing-odd colourless 3-gluon compound state exchange in the t-channel of the proton–proton elastic scattering. On the contrary, if shown that the crossing-odd 3-gluon compound state t-channel exchange is not of importance for the description of elastic scattering, the $$\rho $$ρ value determined by TOTEM would represent a first evidence of a slowing down of the total cross-section growth at higher energies. The very low-|t| reach allowed also to determine the absolute normalisation using the Coulomb amplitude for the first time at the LHC and obtain a new total proton–proton cross-section measurement $$\sigma _{\mathrm{tot}} = (110.3 \pm 3.5)\,\mathrm{mb}$$σtot=(110.3±3.5)mb, completely independent from the previous TOTEM determination. Combining the two TOTEM results yields $$\sigma _{\mathrm{tot}} = (110.5 \pm 2.4)\,\mathrm{mb}$$σtot=(110.5±2.4)mb.

Published
2019

11. LHC status and performance

Author

Jorg Wenninger

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), Large Hadron Collider, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Laser beam quality, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Beam energy
Abstract

The CERN Large Hadron Collider operated during Run 2 (2015-2018) at a beam energy of 6.5 TeV. This period saw an important increase in performance through improvements in the LHC and an increased beam quality from its injectors, leading to a peak luminosity that exceeds the LHC design luminosity by more than a factor two. This contribution will give an overview of LHC Run 2 and the main challenges that were encountered. Finally an outlook will be given on the performance in Run 3 (2021-2023).

Published
2019

12. Machine Protection Experience from Beam Tests with Crab Cavity Prototypes in the CERN SPS

Author

R. Secondo, Lee Robert Carver, Andrew Butterworth, Hannes Bartosik, Giulia Papotti, Bjorn Lindstrom, Rama Calaga, Jorg Wenninger, Markus Zerlauth, Thomas Bohl, Daniel Wollmann, G. Vandoni, Thomas Levens, Verena Kain, Matthieu Valette, and Jan Uythoven

Subjects
Physics, History, Large Hadron Collider, Luminosity (scattering theory), business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, MC1: Circular and Linear Colliders, Crab cavity, Transverse beam, Acceleratorfysik och instrumentering, Accelerator Physics and Instrumentation, Betatron, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Computer Science Applications, Education, Accelerator Physics, Optics, Physics::Accelerator Physics, business, Nuclear Experiment, Beam (structure)
Abstract

Crab cavities (CCs) constitute a key component of the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) project. In case of a failure, they can induce significant transverse beam offsets within tens of microseconds, necessitating a fast removal of the circulating beam to avoid damage to accelerator components due to losses from the displaced beam halo. In preparation for the final design to be employed in the LHC, a series of tests were conducted on prototype crab cavities installed in the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at CERN. This paper summarizes the machine protection requirements and observations during the first tests of crab cavities with proton beams in the SPS. In addition, the machine protection implications for future SPS tests and for the use of such equipment in the HL-LHC are discussed., Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia

Published
2019
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13. FCC study: parameters and optics for hadron and lepton colliders

Author

Michael Koratzinos, Michael Benedikt, Ezio Todesco, Rogelio Tomás, Frank Zimmermann, Anton Bogomyagkov, Luigi Salvatore Esposito, Erk Jensen, L. Bottura, Arnaud Ferrari, L. Medina, F. Cerutti, Bernhard Holzer, S. White, Jorg Wenninger, B. Haerer, Roman Martin, and Daniel Schulte

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Aperture, Hadron, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Accelerators and Storage Rings, 01 natural sciences, Magnetic field, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Optics, law, Muon collider, 0103 physical sciences, Design study, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010306 general physics, Collider, business, Lepton
Abstract

A new international study has just been launched to design a hadron collider with a centre-of-mass energy of the order of 100 TeV in a new 80–100 km tunnel as a long-term goal. The design study includes a 90–350 GeV lepton collider, seen as a potential intermediate step, and an ep option. This paper reports on the overall parameters and preliminary optics designs with special emphasis on the Interaction Regions and the constraints arising for having to host both the lepton and the hadron colliders. Preliminary hardware specifications, as magnetic field, gradient, lengths and aperture are also presented.

Published
2016
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14. First partially stripped ions in the LHC (208Pb81+)

Author

Reyes Alemany-Fernández, Mieczyslaw Witold Krasny, Giulia Papotti, Michaela Schaumann, Simon Hirlaender, T Bohl, Georges-Henry Hemelsoet, Jorg Wenninger, James Molson, Helga Timko, Roderik Bruce, Verena Kain, M. Solfaroli Camillocci, Hannes Bartosik, and John Jowett

Subjects
Physics, History, Large Hadron Collider, Proton, High intensity, Electron, Computer Science Applications, Education, law.invention, Ion, Nuclear physics, Bunches, law, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Collider, Beam (structure)
Abstract

The Gamma Factory initiative proposes to use partially stripped ion (PSI) beams as drivers of a new type of high intensity photon source. As part of the ongoing Physics Beyond Collider studies, initial beam tests with PSI beams have been executed at CERN. On 25 July 2018 lead ions with one remaining electron (208Pb81+) were injected and accelerated in the LHC for the first time. After establishing the injection and circulation of a few208Pb81+bunches, beam lifetimes of about 50 hours could be established at 6.5 TeV proton equivalent energy. This paper describes the setup of the beam tests and observations made.

Published
2019

15. Safe Disposal of the LHC Beam without Beam Dump - Method and Experimental Verification

Author

Matteo Solfaroli, Bjorn Lindstrom, Daniel Valuch, Daniel Wollmann, Jan Uythoven, Jorg Wenninger, Ruediger Schmidt, Matthieu Valette, Markus Zerlauth, and Alessio Mereghetti

Subjects
Physics, History, Large Hadron Collider, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, 01 natural sciences, 01 Circular and Linear Colliders, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Collimated light, Computer Science Applications, Education, law.invention, Accelerator Physics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, A01 Hadron Colliders, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Thermal emittance, Beam dump, 010306 general physics, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract

In the extremely unlikely event of a non-working beam dumping system in the LHC, the 360 MJ of stored beam energy can be dissipated in the collimation system as a last mitigation measure. In such a situation, it is important to reduce the stored beam energy both quickly and at the same time as smoothly as possible in order to limit the risk of trips of critical systems, to avoid quenches of superconducting magnets (which would lead to changes of the beam trajectory and damage to the accelerator) and ultimately damage to the collimators themselves. Detailed steps and parameters have been developed and validated during two dedicated experiments with beam in the LHC. This paper summarizes the key aspects in view of the preparation of such a procedure for operational use, which will allow for the safe disposal of the full LHC beam by the operation crews., Proceedings of the 9th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Published
2018

16. The LHC collider

Author

Jorg Wenninger

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, law, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, General Engineering, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Collider, law.invention
Abstract

The first three year run of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) ended in the spring of 2013. During this period, the collider was operated mainly at beam energies of 3.5 and 4 TeV. The performances that have been achieved during that first run and the challenges for commissioning and operating the LHC are presented. A brief outlook into the upcoming run at an energy of 6.5 TeV will be given.

Published
2015

17. Tune variations in the Large Hadron Collider

Author

Jorg Wenninger, R J Steinhagen, Nicholas Sammut, Massimo Giovannozzi, Mike Lamont, Ezio Todesco, and N. Aquilina

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Superconducting magnet, Betatron tunes, Betatron, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Magnetic field, Magnetisation decay, Nuclear physics, Dipole, Magnet, Superconducting magnets, Quadrupole, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Quadrupole magnet, Instrumentation
Abstract

The horizontal and vertical betatron tunes of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) mainly depend on the strength of the quadrupole magnets, but are also affected by the quadrupole component in the main dipoles. In case of systematic misalignments, the sextupole component from the main dipoles and sextupole corrector magnets also affect the tunes due to the feed down effect. During the first years of operation of the LHC, the tunes have been routinely measured and corrected through either a feedback or a feed forward system. In this paper, the evolution of the tunes during injection, ramp and flat top are reconstructed from the beam measurements and the settings of the tune feedback loop and of the feed forward corrections. This gives the obtained precision of the magnetic model of the machine with respect to quadrupole and sextupole components. Measurements at the injection plateau show an unexpected large decay whose origin is not understood. This data is discussed together with the time constants and the dependence on previous cycles. We present results of dedicated experiments that show that this effect does not originate from the decay of the main dipole component. During the ramp, the tunes drift by about 0.022. It is shown that this is related to the precision of tracking the quadrupole field in the machine and this effect is reduced to about 0.01 tune units during flat top.

Published
2015
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18. Large Hadron Collider momentum calibration and accuracy

Author

E. Todesco and Jorg Wenninger

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), Observational error, Large Hadron Collider, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Observable, Surfaces and Interfaces, 01 natural sciences, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Nuclear physics, Momentum, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, Physics::Accelerator Physics, lcsh:QC770-798, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 010306 general physics, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

As a result of the excellent quality of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experimental detectors and the accurate calibration of the luminosity at the LHC, uncertainties on the LHC beam energy may contribute significantly to the measurement errors on certain observables unless the relative uncertainty is well below 1%. Direct measurements of the beam energy using the revolution frequency difference of proton and lead beams combined with the magnetic model errors are used to provide the energy uncertainty of the LHC beams. Above injection energy the relative uncertainty on the beam energy is determined to be $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1%$. The energy values as reconstructed and distributed online to the LHC experiments do not require any correction above injection energy. At injection a correction of $+0.31\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/\mathrm{c}$ must be applied to the online energy values.

Published
2017

19. Publisher’s Note: Design of beam optics for the future circular collider e+e− collider rings [Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 19 , 111005 (2016)]

Author

A. Doblhammer, Sandra Aumon, Katsunobu Oide, Dmitry Shatilov, John Jowett, M. Aiba, Jorg Wenninger, K. Ohmi, B. Haerer, Manuela Boscolo, Michael Benedikt, Demin Zhou, MJ Sullivan, Evgeny Levichev, U. Wienands, Yannis Papaphilippou, Anton Bogomyagkov, Helmut Burkhardt, Sergey Sinyatkin, Pavel Piminov, Frank Zimmermann, Yunhai Cai, Michael Koratzinos, L. Medina, Ivan Koop, A. Blondel, and Bernhard Holzer

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Surfaces and Interfaces, Beam optics, 01 natural sciences, Future Circular Collider, law.invention, Nuclear physics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Collider
Published
2017

20. Experimental validation of the Achromatic Telescopic Squeezing (ATS) scheme at the LHC

Author

Ewen Maclean, Jorg Wenninger, Felix Simon Carlier, Laurette Ponce, Lukas Malina, Andreas Wegscheider, Rogelio Tomás, Daniel Valuch, Belen Salvachua, Mirko Pojer, Tobias Persson, Stefano Redaelli, Matteo Solfaroli, Jaime Maria Coello de Portugal, Ana Garcia-Tabares, Alessio Mereghetti, Piotr Skowroński, Stephane Fartoukh, Roderik Bruce, Daniele Mirarchi, and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Doctorat en Enginyeria Nuclear i de les Radiacions Ionitzants

Subjects
Scheme (programming language), History, Computer science, Física::Física de partícules [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], 01 natural sciences, Collimated light, Education, law.invention, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Simulation, computer.programming_language, Luminosity (scattering theory), Large Hadron Collider, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Sincrotrons, Acceleradors de partícules, Experimental validation, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Particle accelerators, Computer Science Applications, Achromatic lens, Physics::Accelerator Physics, business, computer, Synchrotrons
Abstract

The Achromatic Telescopic Squeezing scheme offers new techniques to deliver unprecedentedly small beam spot size at the interaction points of the ATLAS and CMS experiments of the LHC, while perfectly controlling the chromatic properties of the corresponding optics (linear and non-linear chromaticities, off-momentum beta-beating, spurious dispersion induced by the crossing bumps). The first series of beam tests with ATS optics were achieved during the LHC Run I (2011/2012) for a first validation of the basics of the scheme at small intensity. In 2016, a new generation of more performing ATS optics was developed and more extensively tested in the machine, still with probe beams for optics measurement and correction at ß* = 10 cm, but also with a few nominal bunches to establish first collisions at nominal ß* (40 cm) and beyond (33 cm), and to analysis the robustness of these optics in terms of collimation and machine protection. The paper will highlight the most relevant and conclusive results which were obtained during this second series of ATS tests.

Published
2017
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21. Design of beam optics for the future circular collider e+e− collider rings

Author

M. Benedikt, Frank Zimmermann, Sergey Sinyatkin, Pavel Piminov, L. Medina, MJ Sullivan, Ivan Koop, Sandra Aumon, Manuela Boscolo, A. V. Bogomyagkov, Bernhard Holzer, Kazuhito Ohmi, Eugene Levichev, Jorg Wenninger, Michael Koratzinos, B. Haerer, Yannis Papaphilippou, Helmut Burkhardt, Masamitsu Aiba, Katsunobu Oide, A. Doblhammer, Demin Zhou, Yunhai Cai, J. M. Jowett, Dmitry Shatilov, Alain Blondel, and U. Wienands

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photon, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Synchrotron radiation, Surfaces and Interfaces, 01 natural sciences, Future Circular Collider, law.invention, Dynamic aperture, Momentum, Optics, Beamline, law, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Accelerator Physics, 010306 general physics, Collider, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract

A beam optics scheme has been designed for the Future Circular Collider-e+e- (FCC-ee). The main characteristics of the design are: beam energy 45 to 175 GeV, 100 km circumference with two interaction points (IPs) per ring, horizontal crossing angle of 30 mrad at the IP and the crab-waist scheme [1] with local chromaticity correction. The crab-waist scheme is implemented within the local chromaticity correction system without additional sextupoles, by reducing the strength of one of the two sextupoles for vertical chromatic correction at each side of the IP. So-called "tapering" of the magnets is applied, which scales all fields of the magnets according to the local beam energy to compensate for the effect of synchrotron radiation (SR) loss along the ring. An asymmetric layout near the interaction region reduces the critical energy of SR photons on the incoming side of the IP to values below 100 keV, while matching the geometry to the beam line of the FCC proton collider (FCC-hh) [2] as closely as possible. Sufficient transverse/longitudinal dynamic aperture (DA) has been obtained, including major dynamical effects, to assure an adequate beam lifetime in the presence of beamstrahlung and top-up injection. In particular, a momentum acceptance larger than +/-2% has been obtained, which is better than the momentum acceptance of typical collider rings by about a factor of 2. The effects of the detector solenoids including their compensation elements are taken into account as well as synchrotron radiation in all magnets. The optics presented in this paper is a step toward a full conceptual design for the collider. A number of issues have been identified for further study.

Published
2016

22. Test-driven software upgrade of the LHC beam-based feedback systems

Author

S. Jackson, Kajetan Fuchsberger, Diogo Alves, and Jorg Wenninger

Subjects
Engineering, Downtime, Large Hadron Collider, Software, business.industry, Control theory, Server, Control system, Embedded system, Maintainability, business, Software architecture, Reliability engineering
Abstract

The beam-based feedback system is essential for the operation of the LHC. It comprises two C++ servers: a FESA-based (framework for real-time systems developed at CERN) acquisition and configuration proxy, and a non FESA-based controller which sanitises the acquisition data and feeds it to multiple real-time feedback algorithms (orbit control, radialloop control and tune control) ensuring a stable orbit of the LHC's beams. Responsibility for the further development and maintenance of the servers was recently transferred to a new team, who have made considerable efforts to document the existing system as well as improve its operational reliability, performance, maintainability and compliance with CERN's software and operational standards. Software changes are accompanied by rigorous unit-testing with future releases tested outside the operational environment, thus minimizing the potential for beam downtime. This approach has proven very effective during re-commissioning for LHC's run 2, where the systems underwent significant changes. In a bid to homogenize operational procedures for configuring LHC systems, a demand to improve the real-time configuration of the system's feedback references and optics was identified. To replace the existing ad-hoc method of real-time configuration, a new waveform-based server, pre-configured with sequences of N-dimensional values versus time, autonomously ensures that the system is re-configured at precisely the correct time. This paper describes the design choices, software architecture, integration and preliminary testing of the new waveform-based server. In particular, considerable effort was put into reducing the impact of changing already established and tested behaviour.

Published
2016

26. First look at the physics case of TLEP

Author

Marco Zanetti, G. Coignet, J.J. van der Bij, Dmytro Kovalskyi, Oreste Nicrosini, Elizabeth Locci, John Jowett, M. Spiro, E. Meschi, H. Duran Yildiz, Luca Silvestrini, Louis Rinolfi, G. Venanzoni, L. Malgeri, Marco Ciuchini, Yang Bai, Umberto Dosselli, Eric Lancon, Fabrice Couderc, Pietro Faccioli, Michael Syphers, Kazuhito Ohmi, Maurizio Pierini, John Osborne, P. Musella, Nigel Glover, H. K. Woehri, R. Aleksan, German Ardul Munoz-Hernandez, C. Tanguy, Valery I. Telnov, G. Pauletta, Alexander Lenz, Philippe Mermod, Yasar Onel, Lian-Tao Wang, Christos Leonidopoulos, Mogens Dam, A. V. Gramolin, Mario Campanelli, Veronica Sanz, E. Torrente-Lujan, P. Lenzi, O. Frasciello, R. Talman, Luca Trentadue, Serguei Ganjour, Sigve Haug, David D'Enterria, S. Wang, M. Kikuchi, D. W. Kim, Mikhail Zobov, Celine Boehm, L. Deniau, Nectaria A. B. Gizani, Robert Appleby, Hywel Owen, Massimo Antonelli, Nathaniel Craig, Stefan Antusch, R. Cakir, Maxime Gouzevitch, G. Roy, C. S. Waaijer, Arno Heister, Marco Delmastro, Sandrine Laplace, A. Valassi, A. Butterworth, D. Porsuk, Gerardo Ganis, Frank Zimmermann, Manuela Boscolo, Tanaji Sen, Gian F. Giudice, K. Potamianos, Michael Koratzinos, John Ellis, Hong-Jian He, P. Schwemling, Federico Carminati, Jean Zinn-Justin, M. De Gruttola, Markus Klute, Cristina Botta, Frank Krauss, M. Bicer, Guillelmo Gomez-Ceballos, E. Castaneda Miranda, Jorg Wenninger, Sukalyan Chattopadhyay, Juan Rojo, Michail Bachtis, Haruyo Koiso, Guido Montagna, Marumi Kado, Eugene Bulyak, M. Chamizo, C. Bernet, Brennan Goddard, Pierre Petroff, Patrick Janot, C. Milardi, Tao Han, I. Yildiz, F. Moortgat, Fulvio Piccinini, W. Da Silva, Sanjay Padhi, Katsunobu Oide, Christophe Grojean, Theodoros Alexopoulos, Roberto Ruiz de Austri, Giacomo Sguazzoni, Vitaliano Ciulli, Andrea Sciabà, Carlos Lourenco, H. Maury Cuna, Luca Perrozzi, Barbara Mele, Claudio Luci, David Bertsche, F. Kapusta, Patrizia Azzi, C. Gracios, A. De Roeck, A. David, A. Blondel, Stefano Moretti, Asunción Moreno, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Gomez-Ceballos, Guillelmo, Klute, Markus, Zanetti, Marco, Blondel, Alain, Koratzinos, Michaël, and Mermod, Philippe

Subjects
Particle physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cost effectiveness, Physics beyond the Standard Model, Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, ddc:500.2, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, e+-e- Experiments, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 010306 general physics, Particle Physics - Phenomenology, Boson, Physics, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Electroweak interaction, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, hep-ph, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], Design study, Higgs boson, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The discovery by the ATLAS and CMS experiments of a new boson with mass around 125 GeV and with measured properties compatible with those of a Standard-Model Higgs boson, coupled with the absence of discoveries of phenomena beyond the Standard Model at the TeV scale, has triggered interest in ideas for future Higgs factories. A new circular e+e- collider hosted in a 80 to 100 km tunnel, TLEP, is among the most attractive solutions proposed so far. It has a clean experimental environment, produces high luminosity for top-quark, Higgs boson, W and Z studies, accommodates multiple detectors, and can reach energies up to the t-tbar threshold and beyond. It will enable measurements of the Higgs boson properties and of Electroweak Symmetry-Breaking (EWSB) parameters with unequalled precision, offering exploration of physics beyond the Standard Model in the multi-TeV range. Moreover, being the natural precursor of the VHE-LHC, a 100 TeV hadron machine in the same tunnel, it builds up a long-term vision for particle physics. Altogether, the combination of TLEP and the VHE-LHC offers, for a great cost effectiveness, the best precision and the best search reach of all options presently on the market. This paper presents a first appraisal of the salient features of the TLEP physics potential, to serve as a baseline for a more extensive design study., Comment: 43 pages, 18 figures, 11 tables, 85 references. Changes with respect to version V2: The comments from the JHEP referee are now included

Published
2014

27. Accelerator physics at LEP

Author

H Burkhardt, Mike Lamont, D Brandt, S. Myers, and Jorg Wenninger

Subjects
Accelerator physics, Physics, Particle physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), Large Hadron Collider, General Physics and Astronomy, Synchrotron radiation, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Resonance (particle physics), Standard Model, Nuclear physics, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Storage ring, Beam (structure)
Abstract

Accelerator physics issues and their influence on performance are presented for the Large Electron Positron storage ring (LEP) at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland. After several years of operation on the Z boson resonance at beam energies around 45 GeV, the beam energy was increased in steps to over 100 GeV. The major power loss to synchrotron radiation and its consequences on the maximum beam energy are discussed. The subjects of luminosity optimisation, beam-beam effect, instabilities, detector backgrounds and beam lifetime are addressed. The precise beam energy calibration, which is of particular importance for the determination of standard model parameters, is described.

Published
2000

28. The energy calibration of LEP in the 1993 scan

Author

A. Hofmann, Stephen Myers, Helmut Burkhardt, C. M. Hawkes, M. Vadon, L. Rolandi, H. Wachsmuth, Gunter Quast, Jorg Wenninger, Michael Koratzinos, G. J. Bobbink, Rob Veenhof, R. G. Jacobsen, J. Gascon, P. B. Renton, T. R. Wyatt, M. Placidi, J Billan, D. M. Strom, H. Grote, D. E. Plane, A Drees, K N Henrichsen, R W Assmann, J.P. Koutchouk, F. Bordry, A. Beuret, E. Peschardt, M. Jonker, A. Blondel, R. Schmidt, Bernd Dehning, R. Billen, J. Miles, P. Grosse-Wiesmann, Assmann, R, Beuret, A, Blondel, A, Billan, J, Billen, R, Bobbink, Gj, Bordry, F, Burkhardt, H, Dehning, B, Drees, A, Gascon, J, Grossewiesmann, P, Grote, H, Hawkes, Cm, Henrichsen, K, Hofmann, A, Jacobsen, R, Jonker, M, Koratzinos, M, Koutchouk, Jp, Miles, J, Myers, S, Peschardt, E, Placidi, M, Plane, D, Quast, G, Renton, P, Rolandi, Luigi, Schmidt, R, Strom, D, Veenhof, R, Vadon, M, Wachsmuth, H, Wenninger, J, and Wyatt, T.

Subjects
Physics, Systematic error, Nuclear physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Calibration, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Engineering (miscellaneous), Beam energy, Energy (signal processing), Absolute calibration
Abstract

This report summarizes the procedure for providing the absolute energy calibration of the LEP beams during the energy scan in 1993. The average beam energy around the LEP ring was measured in 25 calibrations with the resonant depolarization technique. The time variation of this average beam energy is well described by a model of the accelerator based on monitored quantities. The absolute calibration of the centre of mass energies of the off-peak points is determined with a precision of 2 parts in 10(5) resulting in a systematic error on the Z-mass of about 1.4 MeV and on the Z-width of about 1.5 MeV.

Published
1995

29. Effects of terrestrial tides on the LEP beam energy

Author

A. Hofmann, L. Arnaudon, A. Blondel, G.E. Fischer, Bernd Dehning, M. Placidi, R. G. Jacobsen, R. Olsen, R W Assmann, J.P. Koutchouk, J. Miles, P. Grosse-Wiesmann, Jorg Wenninger, and R. Schmidt

Subjects
Larmor precession, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Electroweak interaction, Circumference, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Resonance (particle physics), Standard Model, law.invention, Nuclear physics, law, Physics::Space Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Collider, Instrumentation, Beam energy, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

The circular e + e − collider LEP located near Geneva is used to investigate the properties of the Z boson. The measurements of the Z boson mass and resonance width are of fundamental importance for the standard model of the electroweak interactions. They require a knowledge of the LEP beam energy with a precision of ∼ 20 ppm, which is provided by a measurement of the electron spin precession frequency. To extrapolate beam energy calibrations over a longer period of time, effects causing energy changes have to be taken into account. Among these are the terrestrial tides due to the sun and moon which move the Earth surface up and down. The lateral components of this motion modify the 26.7 km LEP circumference by about 1 mm. This change in length results in variations of the beam energy up to 120 ppm. We present results of measurements on the influence of terrestrial tides on the LEP beam energy that have been performed in 1992 and 1993.

Published
1995

30. Accurate determination of the LEP beam energy by resonant depolarization

Author

A. Blondel, R. G. Jacobsen, J. Miles, R W Assmann, P. Grosse-Wiesmann, Ruediger Schmidt, L. Arnaudon, Jorg Wenninger, Bernd Dehning, M. Jonker, Jean-Pierre Koutchouk, R. Olsen, M. Placidi, and Girod, Dominique

Subjects
Physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), [PHYS.HEXP] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Tracking (particle physics), Accelerators and Storage Rings, Resonance (particle physics), Nuclear physics, Large Electron–Positron Collider, Calibration, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Point (geometry), Engineering (miscellaneous), Energy (signal processing), Beam (structure)
Abstract

To improve the measurements of the Z boson mass and resonance width, the 1993 Large Electron Positron Collider (LEP) run was devoted to a three point beam energy scan, with one point close to the peak of the Z resonance and two points roughly 880 MeV below and above the peak. Operational energy calibration by resonant depolarization was successfully commissioned for all three beam energies. 24 energy calibrations were performed at the end of physics fills. The accuracy of each calibration is better than 1 MeV. About one third of the total integrated luminosity was recorded in calibrated fills below and above the resonance and a regular tracking of the beam energies throughout the scan was possible. The evolution of the beam energies in the course of the year showed a large variation of up to 20 MeV. Results from the energy calibrations will be presented and possible explanations for the changes of the beam energy during the year will be described.

Published
1995

31. The magnetic behaviour of the LHC at 6.5 TeV

Author

M. Juchno, L. Bottura, Ezio Todesco, Massimo Giovannozzi, Michaela Schaumann, Mike Lamont, Per Espen Hagen, Ewen Maclean, Jorg Wenninger, M. Solfaroli Camillocci, R. Tomás García, and Frank Schmidt

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Hadron, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Synchrotron, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Magnetic field, Nuclear physics, Dipole, law, Magnet, 0103 physical sciences, Quadrupole, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, Saturation (magnetic)
Abstract

After two years of shutdown, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) operated in 2015 at an energy of 6.5 TeV. In this paper, we give the first outlook of the behavior of the LHC magnets operating at this field level, corresponding to 8-T peak field in the main dipoles. The main magnetic features are reconstructed through the beam measurements, mainly the tune (quadrupolar components) and the chromaticity (sextupolar components). The decay and snapback at injection and the start of the ramp are expected to increase by 50% due to the higher operational current. The behavior at high field will be affected by the saturation components, which were barely visible in one magnet family in the 4-TeV runs and totally invisible in the rest. Although the initial plan aims at a rather conservative value of β*, during the squeeze, the triplet and matching section quadrupole will become important. Beam measurements will provide interesting information about the magnetic behavior of these quadrupoles; in particular, through beta beating, we will estimate the absolute precision of the knowledge of the quadrupole strength. The statistics of the beam measurements will be rather limited in the first stages of commissioning, but should already reveal the main features of the 6.5-TeV operation.

Published
2016

32. Inclusive search for the charmless radiative decay of the b-quark (b → sγ)

Author

L. Vuilleumier, Yu. Kamyshkov, V. K. Gupta, I. Clare, R. Bizzarri, Gianpaolo Carlino, A.M. Cartacci, Roberto Battiston, M. T. Choi, S. Ro, J. Munich, B. Borgia, G. Schwering, Ren-Yuan Zhu, J. M. Lubbers, R. Fabbretti, D. DiBitonto, M. Maolinbay, W. Lohmann, A. C. Weber, B. N. Jin, F. Wittgenstein, G. F. Susinno, L. Z. Sun, Luca Lista, A. Tsaregorodtsev, P. Berges, T. E. Coan, A. Lebedev, Dong-Chul Son, A. A. Syed, A. Santocchia, F. Nessi-Tedaldi, R. Becker, M. Yzerman, J. J. Blaising, K. L. Tung, Jun Guo, B. Lindemann, D. H. Zhang, F. Sticozzi, A. Mihul, K. S. Kumar, B. C. Stringfellow, Yuehong Xie, J. Perrier, A. Gurtu, G. Pascale, M. Fukushima, S. Shotkin, V. R. Krastev, H.F. Chen, J. Busenitz, K. Schultze, G. Landi, W. Y. Chen, E. Nagy, Dimitri Bourilkov, B.C. Riemers, R. Mount, Pablo Garcia-Abia, K. Lübelsmeyer, Alain Hervé, S. Kirsch, A. Nippe, Alexander Malinin, E. Brambilla, B. Hartmann, Mariagrazia Alviggi, Tariq Aziz, A. Hasan, M. Pauluzzi, D. Lanske, R. Barillère, Jianming Qian, A. Bay, G. Hu, Maria-Teresa Dova, Raffaello D'Alessandro, R. Raghavan, A. C. König, M. Merk, Christoph Paus, H. Nowak, M. M. Ilyas, Leonardo Merola, X. W. Tang, D. Ren, Carlo Civinini, A.A. Vorobyov, J. G. Xu, G. Raven, I. Vetlitsky, A. Marin, J. S. Lee, W.G. Ma, M. Lenti, P. Extermann, D. M. Lee, S. Jezequel, Zheng Wang, R. Rosmalen, M. Aguilar-Benitez, C. Gu, K. Freudenreich, B. Z. Yang, Yueh-Feng Liu, D. Pandoulas, D. Fernandez, J. Berdugo, Yongsun Kim, Stefan Roth, M. Röhner, B. Zhou, G. Fernandez, H. Postema, C. Spartiotis, D. Perret-Gallix, J. Bechtluft, W. van Rossum, M. Chen, V. Pojidaev, Adrian Biland, B. Ille, C. Dionisi, T. Spickermann, T. Azemoon, L. Gutay, F. J. Rodriguez, G. Finocchiaro, Y. Karyotakis, N. Yunus, S. Schulte, G. Gratta, Z. Y. Lin, J. M. Salicio, Z. D. Qi, A. Krivshich, Z. F. Gong, K. Sudhakar, E. Drago, R. Morand, Z. L. Xue, G. B. Mills, H.J. Schreiber, S. J. Fan, M. Pohl, M. Hebert, Crisostomo Sciacca, J. C. Sens, D. Antreasyan, M. Brooks, Marco Pieri, Charles Leggett, J. A. Rubio, G. Yang, J. D. Burger, G. Rahal-Callot, M. Zeng, A. L. Anderson, Marta Felcini, B. L. Betev, Harvey B Newman, K. Hilgers, Marcos Cerrada, P. Zemp, A. Rubbia, S. Ahlen, V. Schegelsky, D. H. Wright, J. B. Ye, O. Fackler, Howard A. Stone, T.S. Dai, M. Guanziroli, Z. L. Ren, E. Fiandrini, W. Kittel, L. Ludovici, N. Gheordanescu, Y. J. Pei, E. Leonardi, Y. S. Lu, A. Gougas, D. P. Stickland, J. F. Zhou, Francesco Becattini, G. M. Bilei, D. Gele, A. Engler, P. Duinker, Andrea Contin, M. Capell, G. Forconi, D. Goujon, J. M. Ma, R. T. Van de Walle, P. Marchesini, S. Giagu, O. Adriani, J. K. Kim, Konrad Deiters, M. Dhina, M. Vivargent, T. McMahon, P. G. Seiler, Y. Mir, K. Read, L. Servoli, R. Malik, Martin White, Alberto Aloisio, Lucas Taylor, A. Ricker, S. Patricelli, S. Easo, H. S. Fesefeldt, A. Klimentov, F. Marion, U. K. Chaturvedi, J. Alcaraz, D. Boutigny, J. P. Martin, Wt Lin, J. S. Kapustinsky, Zhiqing Zhang, L. Djambazov, A. Böhm, C. R. Wang, G. J. Bobbink, M. Bourquin, Y. F. Wang, J. Y. Liao, L. Fredj, D. Hauschildt, G. Coignet, S. Lanzano, K. Strauch, A. Sopczak, Jorg Wenninger, C. Chen, M. MacDermott, J. H. Field, C. Y. Chien, A. Kirkby, J. Bao, F. Ferroni, I. Sheer, D. McNally, C. Willmott, P. A. Piroué, W. J. Burger, H. Suter, Yu. Galaktionov, D. Z. Shen, X. D. Cai, C. Li, R. Bock, M. Fabre, C. Zaccardelli, U. Becker, P. Lebrun, S. Wynhoff, Hans J. Vogel, B. C.C. van der Zwaan, E. Longo, M. Rescigno, Tobias Kramer, S. Khokhar, H. Anderhub, J. A. Bakken, W. W. Kinnison, S. C. Yeh, M. Sassowsky, I. Duran, D. Duchesneau, P. G. Rancoita, J. Schwenke, S. Riemann, J. Behrens, P. J. Li, M. S. Sarakinos, R. A. Khan, B. Monteleoni, R. Weill, M. Caria, F. Cotorobai, C. Maña, E. Dénes, A. Atamanchuk, V. Plyaskin, BT Bouwens, G. J. Zhou, L. W. Jones, D. S. Yan, G. Terzi, P. H. Fisher, H. Kuijten, H.R. Dimitrov, Q. An, S. Goldfarb, M. Schneegans, H. R. Gustafson, R. Sehgal, U. Uwer, M. N. Kienzle-Focacci, W. Wallraff, A. Chen, J. Salicio, S. Banerjee, R. de Asmundis, L. Luminari, H. O. Cohn, P. Arce, S. M. Ting, Kajari Mazumdar, S. Müller, C. Neyer, S. Chung, X. T. Cui, M. Dittmar, R. C. Ball, F. Cesaroni, Pierluigi Paolucci, G. Sartorelli, F. Pauss, S. Paoletti, Manjit Kaur, G. Mirabelli, Y. Mi, D. Luckey, A. Nadtochy, D.W. Schmitz, G.G.G. Massaro, Robert Clare, Thomas Hebbeker, Paul Lecoq, R. W. Kraemer, I. Leedom, M. Napolitano, M. Gailloud, S. Falciano, M. Wadhwa, D. J. Schotanus, J. Tóth, K. N. Qureshi, M. Möller, Fj Eppling, A. Buytenhuijs, C. G. Yang, Z. Z. Xu, G. Chiefari, S. Shevchenko, Q. Ye, F. Behner, Andrea Baschirotto, L. Martinez-Laso, G. Chen, L. Antonov, S. Reucroft, W. Lustermann, John Swain, B. Wysłouch, G. Organtini, A. Kunin, E. Gonzalez, Peter Denes, J. Ulbricht, Paolo Bagnaia, G. Viertel, H. El Mamouni, S. C. Tonwar, K. Y. Lee, Frank Filthaut, Patricia McBride, Thomas Ferguson, Marco Meschini, F. Marzano, E. Gallo, J. Shukla, G. S. Sanders, R. Klöckner, D. Kirkby, V. Innocente, C. Wang, Christopher George Tully, Igor Vorobiev, H. T. Li, M. Sachwitz, Panos A Razis, Y. H. Chang, B. Bertucci, H. Rykaczewski, X. R. Shi, Nicanor Colino, P. Vikas, W. J. Metzger, N. E. Moulai, H. Vogt, S. Rosier-Lees, E. Koffeman, P. Kapinos, Georgios Tsipolitis, K. Hangarter, W. Friebel, A. Pevsner, R. Starosta, Gy L. Bencze, X. Y. Cui, Reinhard W. Schulte, E. Shumilov, S. Morganti, V. Shoutko, Roberto Castello, R. Leiste, C. Warner, F. Plasil, J. T. He, H. S. Chen, O. Rind, Hafeez R. Hoorani, G. Sauvage, M. Tonutti, U. Vikas, Georgi Sultanov, X. L. Wang, V. P. Andreev, M. Chemarin, Ingrid U. Scott, F. L. Linde, S. Pensotti, Antonino Zichichi, P. Spillantini, J. M. Le Goff, A. Kasser, Guofan Hu, Jean Fay, S. N. Ganguli, T. Paul, H. A. Rizvi, L. Barone, M. Bosetti, J. G. Branson, Giovanni Ambrosi, Davide Piccolo, F. DeNotaristefani, S. Gentile, Z. W. Yin, Luciano Romero, A. Degré, C. F. He, M. Rattaggi, H. Janssen, G. M. Chen, B. P. Roe, P. Lecomte, A. Bujak, Oliver Kornadt, J. M. You, M. Diemoz, V. Koutsenko, A. Arefiev, K. Riles, H. Schopper, A. Koulbardis, W. Krenz, S. X. Wu, Ph. Rosselet, C. H. Ye, M. Steuer, Samuel C.C. Ting, G. Passaleva, M. W. Gruenewald, I. Josa-Mutuberria, S. C. Kim, C. Luci, L. Urbán, M. A. Niaz, H. Hofer, George Alverson, P. V.K.S. Baba, P. Le Coultre, T. J. Wenaus, Y. Zeng, E. Valente, P. Schmitz, M. Biasini, J. Weber, I. C. Brock, F. C. Erné, T. Angelescu, IHEF (IoP, FNWI), Adriani, O., Aguilarbenitez, M., Ahlen, S., Alcaraz, J., Aloisio, Alberto, Alverson, G., Alviggi, Mariagrazia, Ambrosi, G., An, Q., Anderhub, H., Anderson, A. L., Andreev, V. P., Angelescu, T., Antonov, L., Antreasyan, D., Arce, P., Arefiev, A., Atamanchuk, A., Azemoon, T., Aziz, T., P. V. K., Bagnaia, P., Bakken, J. A., Ball, R. C., Banerjee, S., Bao, J., Barillere, R., Barone, L., Baschirotto, A., Battiston, R., Bay, A., Becattini, F., Bechtluft, J., Becker, R., Becker, U., Behner, F., Behrens, J., Bencze, G. L., Berdugo, J., Berges, P., Bertucci, B., Betev, B. L., Biasini, M., Biland, A., Bilei, G. M., Bizzarri, R., Blaising, J. J., Bobbink, G. J., Bock, R., Bohm, A., Borgia, B., Bosetti, M., Bourilkov, D., Bourquin, M., Boutigny, D., Bouwens, B., Brambilla, E., Branson, J. G., Brock, I. C., Brooks, M., Bujak, A., Burger, J. D., Burger, W. J., Busenitz, J., Buytenhuijs, A., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Caria, M., Carlino, G., Cartacci, A. M., Castello, R., Cerrada, M., Cesaroni, F., Chang, Y. H., Chaturvedi, U. K., Chemarin, M., Chen, A., Chen, C., Chen, G., Chen, G. M., Chen, H. F., Chen, H. S., Chen, M., Chen, W. Y., Chiefari, Giovanni, Chien, C. Y., Choi, M. T., Chung, S., Civinini, C., Clare, I., Clare, R., Coan, T. E., Cohn, H. O., Coignet, G., Colino, N., Contin, A., Cotorobai, F., Cui, X. T., Cui, X. Y., Dai, T. S., Dalessandro, R., Deasmundis, R., Degre, A., Deiters, K., Denes, E., Denes, P., Denotaristefani, F., Dhina, M., Dibitonto, D., Diemoz, M., Dimitrov, H. R., Dionisi, C., Dittmar, M., Djambazov, L., Dova, M. T., Drago, E., Duchesneau, D., Duinker, P., Duran, I., Easo, S., Elmamouni, H., Engler, A., Eppling, F. J., Erne, F. C., Extermann, P., Fabbretti, R., Fabre, M., Falciano, S., Fan, S. J., Fackler, O., Fay, J., Felcini, M., Ferguson, T., Fernandez, D., Fernandez, G., Ferroni, F., Fesefeldt, H., Fiandrini, E., Field, J. H., Filthaut, F., Finocchiaro, G., Fisher, P. H., Forconi, G., Fredj, L., Freudenreich, K., Friebel, W., Fukushima, M., Gailloud, M., Galaktionov, Y., Gallo, E., Ganguli, S. N., Garciaabia, P., Gele, D., Gentile, S., Gheordanescu, N., Giagu, S., Goldfarb, S., Gong, Z. F., Gonzalez, E., Gougas, A., Goujon, D., Gratta, G., Gruenewald, M., Gu, C., Guanziroli, M., Guo, J. K., Gupta, V. K., Gurtu, A., Gustafson, H. R., Gutay, L. J., Hangarter, K., Hartmann, B., Hasan, A., Hauschildt, D., C. F., He, J. T., He, Hebbeker, T., Hebert, M., Herve, A., Hilgers, K., Hofer, H., Hoorani, H., Hu, G., G. Q., Hu, Ille, B., Ilyas, M. M., Innocente, V., Janssen, H., Jezequel, S., Jin, B. N., Jones, L. W., Josamutuberria, I., Kasser, A., Khan, R. A., Kamyshkov, Y., Kapinos, P., Kapustinsky, J. S., Karyotakis, Y., Kaur, M., Khokhar, S., Kienzlefocacci, M. N., Kim, J. K., Kim, S. C., Kim, Y. G., Kinnison, W. W., Kirkby, A., Kirkby, D., Kirsch, S., Kittel, W., Klimentov, A., Klockner, R., Konig, A. C., Koffeman, E., Kornadt, O., Koutsenko, V., Koulbardis, A., Kraemer, R. W., Kramer, T., Krastev, V. R., Krenz, W., Krivshich, A., Kuijten, H., Kumar, K. S., Kunin, A., Landi, G., Lanske, D., Lanzano, S., Lebedev, A., Lebrun, P., Lecomte, P., Lecoq, P., Lecoultre, P., Lee, D. M., Lee, J. S., Lee, K. Y., Leedom, I., Leggett, C., Legoff, J. M., Leiste, R., Lenti, M., Leonardi, E., Li, C., H. T., Li, P. J., Li, Liao, J. Y., Lin, W. T., Lin, Z. Y., Linde, F. L., Lindemann, B., Lista, L., Liu, Y., Lohmann, W., Longo, E., Y. S., Lu, Lubbers, J. M., Lubelsmeyer, K., Luci, C., Luckey, D., Ludovici, L., Luminari, L., Lustermann, W., J. M., Ma, W. G., Ma, Macdermott, M., Malik, R., Malinin, A., Mana, C., Maolinbay, M., Marchesini, P., Marion, F., Marin, A., Martin, J. P., Martinezlaso, L., Marzano, F., G. G. G., Mazumdar, K., Mcbride, P., Mcmahon, T., Mcnally, D., Merk, M., Merola, Leonardo, Meschini, M., Metzger, W. J., Mi, Y., Mihul, A., Mills, G. B., Mir, Y., Mirabelli, G., Mnich, J., Moller, M., Monteleoni, B., Morand, R., Morganti, S., Moulai, N. E., Mount, R., Muller, S., Nadtochy, A., Nagy, E., Napolitano, Marco, Nessitedaldi, F., Newman, H., Neyer, C., Niaz, M. A., Nippe, A., Nowak, H., Organtini, G., Pandoulas, D., Paoletti, S., Paolucci, P., Pascale, G., Passaleva, G., Patricelli, Sergio, Paul, T., Pauluzzi, M., Paus, C., Pauss, F., Pei, Y. J., Pensotti, S., Perretgallix, D., Perrier, J., Pevsner, A., Piccolo, D., Pieri, M., Piroue, P. A., Plasil, F., Plyaskin, V., Pohl, M., Pojidaev, V., Postema, H., Z. D., Qi, Qian, J. M., Qureshi, K. N., Raghavan, R., Rahalcallot, G., Rancoita, P. G., Rattaggi, M., Raven, G., Razis, P., Read, K., Ren, D., Ren, Z., Rescigno, M., Reucroft, S., Ricker, A., Riemann, S., Riemers, B. C., Riles, K., Rind, O., Rizvi, H. A., Ro, S., Rodriguez, F. J., Roe, B. P., Rohner, M., Romero, L., Rosierlees, S., Rosmalen, R., Rosselet, P., Vanrossum, W., Roth, S., Rubbia, A., Rubio, J. A., Rykaczewski, H., Sachwitz, M., Salicio, J., Salicio, J. M., Sanders, G. S., Santocchia, A., Sarakinos, M. S., Sartorelli, G., Sassowsky, M., Sauvage, G., Schegelsky, V., Schmitz, D., Schmitz, P., Schneegans, M., Schopper, H., Schotanus, D. J., Shotkin, S., Schreiber, H. J., Shukla, J., Schulte, R., Schulte, S., Schultze, K., Schwenke, J., Schwering, G., Sciacca, Crisostomo, Scott, I., Sehgal, R., Seiler, P. G., Sens, J. C., Servoli, L., Sheer, I., Shen, D. Z., Shevchenko, S., Shi, X. R., Shumilov, E., Shoutko, V., Son, D., Sopczak, A., Spartiotis, C., Spickermann, T., Spillantini, P., Starosta, R., Steuer, M., Stickland, D. P., Sticozzi, F., Stone, H., Strauch, K., Stringfellow, B. C., Sudhakar, K., Sultanov, G., Sun, L. Z., Susinno, G. F., Suter, H., Swain, J. D., Syed, A. A., Tang, X. W., Taylor, L., Terzi, G., S. C. C., Ting, S. M., Tonutti, M., Tonwar, S. C., Toth, J., Tsaregorodtsev, A., Tsipolitis, G., Tully, C., Tung, K. L., Ulbricht, J., Urban, L., Uwer, U., Valente, E., Vandewalle, R. T., Vetlitsky, I., Viertel, G., Vikas, P., Vikas, U., Vivargent, M., Vogel, H., Vogt, H., Vorobiev, I., Vorobyov, A. A., Vuilleumier, L., Wadhwa, M., Wallraff, W., Wang, C., Wang, C. R., Wang, X. L., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Z. M., Warner, C., Weber, A., Weber, J., Weill, R., Wenaus, T. J., Wenninger, J., White, M., Willmott, C., Wittgenstein, F., Wright, D., S. X., Wu, Wynhoff, S., Wyslouch, B., Xie, Y. Y., J. G., Xu, Z. Z., Xu, Xue, Z. L., Yan, D. S., Yang, B. Z., Yang, C. G., Yang, G., C. H., Ye, J. B., Ye, Ye, Q., Yeh, S. C., Yin, Z. W., You, J. M., Yunus, N., Yzerman, M., Zaccardelli, C., Zemp, P., Zeng, M., Zeng, Y., Zhang, D. H., Zhang, Z. P., Zhou, B., Zhou, G. J., Zhou, J. F., Zhu, R. Y., Zichichi, A., and B. C. C.

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Top quark, Particle physics, Meson, Electron–positron annihilation, Radiative decay, Elementary particle, flavor changing neutral current, TOP QUARK, 01 natural sciences, Bottom quark, PHYSICS, Nuclear physics, MONTE-CARLO, QCD ENHANCEMENT, 0103 physical sciences, w boson, Electromagnetismo, 010306 general physics, SUPERSYMMETRY, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), Ciencias Exactas, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Flavor-changing neutral current, Física, Supersymmetry, MESONS, EMISSION, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We report on the search for the electromagnetic penguin decay b → sγ at √s ≈ mZ. We find no evidence for a signal and place an upper limit on the decay rate Br(b → sγ) < 1.2 × 10−3 at 90% C.L., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas

Published
1993

33. Search for isosinglet neutral heavy leptons in Z0 decays

Author

Simone Paoletti, A. Gougas, Y. J. Pei, R. Malik, A. Kasser, Manjit Kaur, J. M. Lubbers, A. Degré, T. E. Coan, R.L. Sumner, T. Angelov, M. M. Ilyas, Emilio Leonardi, C. Luci, F. Ferroni, Y. Zeng, R. Bock, O. Fackler, A. Engler, R.J. Wu, Jianming Qian, Davide Piccolo, G. Hu, P. Arce, C. Neyer, Zhuoxiang Ren, M. Wadhwa, D. J. Schotanus, D. Goujon, J. M. Ma, G. Schwering, C. Y. Chien, A. M. Cartacci, R. Raghavan, R. Barillère, W. Kittel, J. D. Burger, L.J. Gutay, J. M. You, V. R. Krastev, B. N. Jin, T. Mcmahon, P. Denes, Carlos Willmott, A. C. König, Steven Ahlen, Dimitri Bourilkov, Vincenzo Innocente, D.W. Schmitz, D.N. Mao, D. Kirkby, Laurent Vuilleumier, Robert Clare, Thomas Hebbeker, Paul Lecoq, Bz Yang, S. X. Wu, M. Napolitano, E. Longo, Raffaello D'Alessandro, L. Luminari, H. S. Chen, G. Rahal-Callot, L. Servoli, H. Nowak, M. Rescigno, G. A. Yang, G. Coignet, Y.Y. Xie, H. T. Li, N. E. Moulai, R. Weill, E. Fiandrini, C. Grinnell, H.L. Zhuang, M. Merk, P. Razis, Jiunn-Wei Chen, S.J. Fan, G. Herten, I. Scott, Pierluigi Paolucci, S.C. Kim, K. Schultze, T. Foreman, H. Suter, H.F. Chen, P.G. Seiler, M. Gruenewald, M. Steuer, K. Deiters, M. Fukushima, J. Bao, W. Friebel, W. Wallraff, O. Rind, M. Bocciolini, Z.L. Xue, H. Anderhub, S. Banerjee, Zp Zhang, Hafeez R. Hoorani, Leonardo Merola, M. Hebert, H. Newman, B. P. Roe, P. Vikas, M. Fabre, R. Rosmalen, S C C. Ting, R. Fabbretti, S. S. Gau, P.V.K.S. Baba, T. Azemoon, D. Lanske, J. Shukla, L. Romero, M. Lenti, G. Gratta, A. Nadtochy, I. Sheer, J. M. Le Goff, J. Weber, Z.F. Gong, Wt Lin, R. Y. Zhu, D. Z. Shen, M. Sassowsky, J. A. Rubio, K. Sudhakar, A. L. Anderson, Ying Wu, J. F. Zhou, H. Kuijten, Felicitas Pauss, C.F. He, S. Beingessner, P. Schmitz, K. Freudenreich, M. N. Kienzle-Focacci, K. Hilgers, J. G. Branson, M. Bourquin, D. Duchesneau, David Stickland, D.H. Zhang, D. Wright, D. Son, K. N. Qureshi, Helmut Vogel, Alberto Aloisio, P. Marchesini, J. S. Kapustinsky, Ming Zeng, A. Ricker, S. Goldfarb, M. MacDermott, S. Easo, R. Morand, E. Koffeman, Marcos Cerrada, G.G.G. Massaro, Gianpaolo Carlino, A. Tsaregorodtsev, T. Kramer, J. Behrens, P. Zemp, Oliver Kornadt, M. Pohl, A. Krivshich, V. Plyaskin, M. A. Niaz, G. Sauvage, M. Röhner, R. de Asmundis, M. Sachwitz, Z.Z. Xu, G. Terzi, P. Rosselet, P. Le Coultre, T. Ferguson, Kajari Mazumdar, W. Riemers, I. Duran, B. Bouwens, S. Khokhar, X. J. Yan, S. Müller, G. Forconi, M. Brooks, Gerard Fernandez, C. Maña, F. Marion, J. M. Salicio, G. Organtini, M. Caria, C. J.W.P. Timmermans, P. Extermann, P. Lecomte, A. Kunin, D. Antreasyan, G. H. Wang, K. Hangarter, J. Mnich, B. Ille, Xd Cai, A. Pevsner, U. Herten, W. W. Kinnison, I. Leedom, M. T. Dova, Jozsef Toth, H. Hofer, K. L. Tung, Yueh-Feng Liu, B. L. Betev, J. Lettry, X. W. Tang, J.J. Blaising, X.L. Wang, S. Schulte, A. Koulbardis, Y.F. Mao, A. Rubbia, Mariagrazia Alviggi, G. Mirabelli, B. C.C. van der Zwaan, Elisabetta Gallo, A. Sopczak, J.Y. Liao, P. Berges, R. T. Van de Walle, H. O. Cohn, P. G. Rancoita, E. Valente, T. Paul, U. Uwer, R. Starosta, Tariq Aziz, Yu. Galaktionov, Chenliang Wang, V. Koutsenko, A. Nippe, F. Plasil, L. Barone, J. Salicio, K. Strauch, Qi An, Y. Mir, C. H. Ye, D. Luckey, Gy L. Bencze, Mingshui Chen, D.S. Yan, J.A. Bakken, V. K. Gupta, J. Alcaraz, S. Reucroft, X. T. Cui, Reinhard W. Schulte, J. Busenitz, S. Shotkin, H. Janssen, K.S. Yang, S. Jezequel, G.Q. Hu, P. H. Fisher, G. Finocchiaro, Adrian Biland, M. Pauluzzi, F. de Notaristefani, Y. H. Chang, R. Castello, H. El Mamouni, Luca Lista, P. Kapinos, D. Fernandez, Xu-Guang Li, Q.Y. Yang, George Alverson, D. McNally, Crisostomo Sciacca, Marco Pieri, A. Gurtu, G. Viertel, H. J. Schreiber, S. Falciano, A. Klimentov, L. Antonov, M. Vivargent, Sabine Riemann, X. Leytens, D. Pandoulas, D. Ren, Maurizio Biasini, Kenneth Francis Read, Marta Felcini, Georgi Sultanov, E. Brambilla, T. S. Dai, I. C. Brock, L. Z. Sun, J. C. Sens, Francesco Becattini, M. Diemoz, R. A. Khan, Z.W. Yin, A. Hasan, T. Spickermann, J. Schwenke, H. S. Fesefeldt, P. Bagnaia, T. Driever, U. Vikas, Cheng Chen, X. Y. Cui, W. J. Burger, L. Martinez-Laso, S. N. Ganguli, Z.Q. Yang, A. Contin, E. Gonzalez, Y. D. Xu, Yu. Kamyshkov, J. P. Martin, A. Atamanchuk, V. P. Andreev, F. C. Erné, S. C. Yeh, M. Rattaggi, M. S. Sarakinos, A. Zichichi, D. Perret-Gallix, S. Lanzano, Jorg Wenninger, M. Chemarin, M. Guanziroli, M.L. Chen, R. W. Kraemer, P. Lebrun, G. M. Chen, U. K. Chaturvedi, J. D. Swain, C. G. Yang, Y. S. Lu, Y.G. Kim, S. Rosier-Lees, L. Baksay, Jérôme Rose, A. Arefev, J.K. Guo, J. H. Field, E. Shumilov, V. Shoutko, Stefan Kirsch, C. Li, A. Böhm, L. Urbán, F. J. Rodriguez, H. R. Gustafson, I. Vorobev, X.R. Shi, Y. Mi, T. Matsuda, M. Tonutti, A. C. Weber, A. Bujak, O. Adriani, Zongyuan Wang, A. Chen, Lucas Taylor, S. C. Tonwar, Frank Filthaut, F. Marzano, D.G. Stringfellow, Simonetta Gentile, J. Berdugo, C. Dionisi, K. Lübelsmeyer, Piero Spillantini, T. J. Wenaus, S. Pensotti, Marco Meschini, Christopher George Tully, G. B. Mills, S. Shevchenko, Wolfgang Lohmann, H. Vogt, B. Bertucci, Nicanor Colino, C. Zaccardelli, R. C. Ball, G. Sartorelli, Werner Lustermann, A. A. Syed, D. DiBitonto, A.A. Vorobev, F. Crijns, B. Lindemann, M.T. Choi, J. Perrier, M. Möller, D. Linnhofer, P.J. Li, G. Chiefari, F. Behner, Federico Carminati, Andrea Baschirotto, I. Vetlitskii, G. M. Bilei, D. Gele, S. Patricelli, Q. Ye, D. M. Lee, C. Spartiotis, U. Becker, P. Mcbride, F. J. Eppling, L. W. Jones, M. Capell, S. M. Ting, W. Y. Chen, B. Zhou, G. S. Sanders, N. Yunus, P. Duinker, F. Cesaroni, R. Leiste, B. Monteleoni, F. Sticozzi, M. Gailloud, Howard A. Stone, Roberto Battiston, D. Boutigny, Gerjan Bobbink, J. Ulbricht, E. Dénes, R. Sehgal, B. Borgia, I. Clare, W.G. Ma, P. Göttlicher, J. B. Ye, Christine Buisson, Y. F. Wang, E. Soderstrom, M. Yzerman, S. Röhner, F. Wittgenstein, L. Ludovici, M. Chmeissani, E. Drago, Z.Y. Lin, A. Marin, H. R. Dimitrov, M. Boseti, Pablo Garcia-Abia, Alain Hervé, P. A. Piroué, A. Bay, Carlo Civinini, M. Maolinbay, G. Raven, M. Aguilar-Benitez, R. Bizzarri, Herwig Schopper, M. White, G. Passaleva, D. Hauschildt, E. Sajan, S. Morganti, K. S. Kumar, M. Schneegans, K. Riles, W. Krenz, V. Shchegelskii, J.K. Kim, J.H. Wang, P. K. Malhotra, H. A. Rizvi, W. J. Metzger, E. Nagy, F. L. Linde, H. Rykaczewski, V. Pozhidaev, Y. Karyotakis, S. Chung, G. Tsipolitis, Attilio Santocchia, Jean Fay, M. Dhina, R.B. Sutton, R. Mount, Nicolas Produit, Giovanni Ambrosi, Bolek Wyslouch, A. Malinin, Chenjie Gu, G. Landi, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), CMS, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), L3, IHEF (IoP, FNWI), Adriani, O., Aguilarbenitez, M., Ahlen, S., Alcaraz, J., Aloisio, Alberto, Alverson, G., Alviggi, Mariagrazia, Ambrosi, G., An, Q., Anderhub, H., Anderson, A. L., Andreev, V. P., Angelov, T., Antonov, L., Antreasyan, D., Arce, P., Arefiev, A., Atamanchuk, A., Azemoon, T., Aziz, T., P. V. K., Bagnaia, P., Bakken, J. A., Baksay, L., Ball, R. C., Banerjee, S., Bao, J., Barillere, R., Barone, L., Baschirotto, A., Battiston, R., Bay, A., Becattini, F., Becker, U., Behner, F., Behrens, J., Beingessner, S., Bencze, G. L., Berdugo, J., Berges, P., Bertucci, B., Betev, B. L., Biasini, M., Biland, A., Bilei, G. M., Bizzarri, R., Blaising, J. J., Bobbink, G. J., Bocciolini, M., Bock, R., Bohm, A., Borgia, B., Boseti, M., Bourilkov, D., Bourquin, M., Boutigny, D., Bouwens, B., Brambilla, E., Branson, J. G., Brock, I. C., Brooks, M., Buisson, C., Bujak, A., Burger, J. D., Burger, W. J., Busenitz, J., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Caria, M., Carlino, G., Carminati, F., Cartacci, A. M., Castello, R., Cerrada, M., Cesaroni, F., Chang, Y. H., Chaturvedi, U. K., Chemarin, M., Chen, A., Chen, C., Chen, G. M., Chen, H. F., Chen, H. S., Chen, J., Chen, M., Chen, M. L., Chen, W. Y., Chiefari, Giovanni, Chien, C. Y., Chmeissani, M., Choi, M. T., Chung, S., Civinini, C., Clare, I., Clare, R., Coan, T. E., Cohn, H. O., Coignet, G., Colino, N., Contin, A., Crijns, F., Cui, X. T., Cui, X. Y., Dai, T. S., Dalessandro, R., Deasmundis, R., Degre, A., Deiters, K., Denes, E., Denes, P., Denotaristefani, F., Dhina, M., Dibitonto, D., Diemoz, M., Dimitrov, H. R., Dionisi, C., Dova, M. T., Drago, E., Driever, T., Duchesneau, D., Duinker, P., Duran, I., Easo, S., Elmamouni, H., Engler, A., Eppling, F. J., Erne, F. C., Extermann, P., Fabbretti, R., Fabre, M., Falciano, S., Fan, S. J., Fackler, O., Fay, J., Felcini, M., Ferguson, T., Fernandez, D., Fernandez, G., Ferroni, F., Fesefeldt, H., Fiandrini, E., Field, J., Filthaut, F., Finocchiaro, G., Fisher, P. H., Forconi, G., Foreman, T., Freudenreich, K., Friebel, W., Fukushima, M., Gailloud, M., Galaktionov, Y., Gallo, E., Ganguli, S. N., Garciaabia, P., Gau, S. S., Gele, D., Gentile, S., Goldfarb, S., Gong, Z. F., Gonzalez, E., Gottlicher, P., Gougas, A., Goujon, D., Gratta, G., Grinnell, C., Gruenewald, M., Gu, C., Guanziroli, M., Guo, J. K., Gupta, V. K., Gurtu, A., Gustafson, H. R., Gutay, L. J., Hangarter, K., Hasan, A., Hauschildt, D., C. F., He, Hebbeker, T., Hebert, M., Herten, G., Herten, U., Herve, A., Hilgers, K., Hofer, H., Hoorani, H., Hu, G., G. Q., Hu, Ille, B., Ilyas, M. M., Innocente, V., Janssen, H., Jezequel, S., Jin, B. N., Jones, L. W., Kasser, A., Khan, R. A., Kamyshkov, Y., Kapinos, P., Kapustinsky, J. S., Karyotakis, Y., Kaur, M., Khokhar, S., Kienzlefocacci, M. N., Kim, J. K., Kim, S. C., Kim, Y. G., Kinnison, W. W., Kirkby, D., Kirsch, S., Kittel, W., Klimentov, A., Konig, A. C., Koffeman, E., Kornadt, O., Koutsenko, V., Koulbardis, A., Kraemer, R. W., Kramer, T., Krastev, V. R., Krenz, W., Krivshich, A., Kuijten, H., Kumar, K. S., Kunin, A., Landi, G., Lanske, D., Lanzano, S., Lebrun, P., Lecomte, P., Lecoq, P., Lecoultre, P., Lee, D. M., Leedom, I., Legoff, J. M., Leiste, R., Lenti, M., Leonardi, E., Lettry, J., Leytens, X., Li, C., H. T., Li, P. J., Li, X. G., Li, Liao, J. Y., Lin, W. T., Lin, Z. Y., Linde, F. L., Lindemann, B., Linnhofer, D., Lista, L., Liu, Y., Lohmann, W., Longo, E., Y. S., Lu, Lubbers, J. M., Lubelsmeyer, K., Luci, C., Luckey, D., Ludovici, L., Luminari, L., Lustermann, W., J. M., Ma, W. G., Ma, Macdermott, M., Malhotra, P. K., Malik, R., Malinin, A., Mana, C., Mao, D. N., Mao, Y. F., Maolinbay, M., Marchesini, P., Marion, F., Marin, A., Martin, J. P., Martinezlaso, L., Marzano, F., G. G. G., Matsuda, T., Mazumdar, K., Mcbride, P., Mcmahon, T., Mcnally, D., Merk, M., Merola, Leonardo, Meschini, M., Metzger, W. J., Mi, Y., Mills, G. B., Mir, Y., Mirabelli, G., Mnich, J., Moller, M., Monteleoni, B., Morand, R., Morganti, S., Moulai, N. E., Mount, R., Muller, S., Nadtochy, A., Nagy, E., Napolitano, Marco, Newman, H., Neyer, C., Niaz, M. A., Nippe, A., Nowak, H., Organtini, G., Pandoulas, D., Paoletti, S., Paolucci, P., Passaleva, G., Patricelli, Sergio, Paul, T., Pauluzzi, M., Pauss, F., Pei, Y. J., Pensotti, S., Perretgallix, D., Perrier, J., Pevsner, A., Piccolo, D., Pieri, M., Piroue, P. A., Plasil, F., Plyaskin, V., Pohl, M., Pojidaev, V., Produit, N., Qian, J. M., Qureshi, K. N., Raghavan, R., Rahalcallot, G., Rancoita, P. G., Rattaggi, M., Raven, G., Razis, P., Read, K., Ren, D., Ren, Z., Rescigno, M., Reucroft, S., Ricker, A., Riemann, S., Riemers, W., Riles, K., Rind, O., Rizvi, H. A., Rodriguez, F. J., Roe, B. P., Rohner, M., Rohner, S., Romero, L., Rose, J., Rosierlees, S., Rosmalen, R., Rosselet, P., Rubbia, A., Rubio, J. A., Rykaczewski, H., Sachwitz, M., Salicio, J., Salicio, J. M., Sanders, G. S., Santocchia, A., Sarakinos, M. S., Sartorelli, G., Sassowsky, M., Sauvage, G., Schegelsky, V., Schmitz, D., Schmitz, P., Schneegans, M., Schopper, H., Schotanus, D. J., Shotkin, S., Schreiber, H. J., Shukla, J., Schulte, R., Schulte, S., Schultze, K., Schwenke, J., Schwering, G., Sciacca, Crisostomo, Scott, I., Sehgal, R., Seiler, P. G., Sens, J. C., Servoli, L., Sheer, I., Shen, D. Z., Shevchenko, S., Shi, X. R., Shumilov, E., Shoutko, V., Soderstrom, E., Son, D., Sopczak, A., Spartiotis, C., Spickermann, T., Spillantini, P., Starosta, R., Steuer, M., Stickland, D. P., Sticozzi, F., Stone, H., Strauch, K., Stringfellow, B. C., Sudhakar, K., Sultanov, G., Sumner, R. L., Sun, L. Z., Suter, H., Sutton, R. B., Swain, J. D., Syed, A. A., Tang, X. W., Taylor, L., Terzi, G., Timmermans, C., S. C. C., Ting, S. M., Tonutti, M., Tonwar, S. C., Toth, J., Tsaregorodtsev, A., Tsipolitis, G., Tully, C., Tung, K. L., Ulbricht, J., Urban, L., Uwer, U., Valente, E., Vandewalle, R. T., Vetlitsky, I., Viertel, G., Vikas, P., Vikas, U., Vivargent, M., Vogel, H., Vogt, H., Vorobiev, L., Vorobyov, A. A., Vuilleumier, L., Wadhwa, M., Wallraff, W., Wang, C. R., Wang, G. H., Wang, J. H., Wang, X. L., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Z. M., Weber, A., Weber, J., Weill, R., Wenaus, T. J., Wenninger, J., White, M., Willmott, C., Wittgenstein, F., Wright, D., R. J., Wu, S. X., Wu, Y. G., Wu, Wyslouch, B., Xie, Y. Y., Y. D., Xu, Z. Z., Xu, Xue, Z. L., Yan, D. S., Yan, X. J., Yang, B. Z., Yang, C. G., Yang, G., Yang, K. S., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, Z. Q., C. H., Ye, J. B., Ye, Ye, Q., Yeh, S. C., Yin, Z. W., You, J. M., Yunus, N., Yzerman, M., Zaccardelli, C., Zemp, P., Zeng, M., Zeng, Y., Zhang, D. H., Zhang, Z. P., Zhou, B., Zhou, J. F., Zhu, R. Y., Zhuang, H. L., Zichichi, A., and B. C. C.

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Electron–positron annihilation, MASS, 01 natural sciences, Standard Model, Nuclear physics, BHABHA SCATTERING, LIMITS, MONTE-CARLO, Gauge group, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS, PHOTON CORRECTIONS, Neutrino, 010306 general physics, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), Particle Physics - Experiment, HIGH-ENERGIES, Bhabha scattering, Lepton
Abstract

We search for neutral heavy leptons that are isosinglets under the standard SU(2)L gauge group. Such neutral heavy leptons are expected in many extensions of the standard model. Three types of heavy leptons Ne, N(mu), N(tau) associated with the three neutrino types nu(e), nu(mu), nu(tau) have been directly searched for and no evidence for a signal has been found. We set the limit Br(Z0 --> nu(l)N(l)) < 3 x 10(-5) at the 95% CL for the mass range from 3 GeV up to m(Z).

Published
1992

34. The xenon monitor of the L3 electromagnetic calorimeter

Author

A. Bay, D. Goujon, T.P. Schaad, J. Ossmann, W. Ruckstuhl, D. Duchesneau, Jorg Wenninger, G. Morand, P. Extermann, and R. Mermod

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, chemistry.chemical_element, Tracking (particle physics), law.invention, Crystal, Nuclear physics, Xenon, Optics, chemistry, law, Calibration, Cathode ray, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Electronics, Nuclear Experiment, Collider, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

A monitoring system was built for tracking the behaviour of each BGO crystal and associated electronics in the L3 electromagnetic calorimeter and for maintaining its calibration. The construction of the system is described in detail. This monitoring system was first used at the CERN SPS, where each crystal was calibrated in an electron beam, and then on the LEP collider. A procedure combining the information of the xenon monitor of theBhabha events allows to maintain the absolute calibration of each crystal to within 0.9%.

Published
1992

35. First β-beating measurement and optics analysis for the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Author

Rama Calaga, Massimo Giovannozzi, A. Franchi, G. Vanbavinckhove, M. Aiba, Rogelio Tomás, Jorg Wenninger, Mike Lamont, Frank Zimmermann, Akio Morita, Stephane Fartoukh, and Verena Kain

Subjects
Coupling, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Proton, business.industry, Hadron, Particle accelerator, Surfaces and Interfaces, Betatron, Accelerators and Storage Rings, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Optics, law, Physics::Accelerator Physics, lcsh:QC770-798, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Collider, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract

Proton beams were successfully steered through the entire ring of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) on September the 10th of 2008. A reasonable lifetime was achieved for the counterclockwise beam, namely beam 2, after the radiofrequency capture of the particle bunch was established. This provided the unique opportunity of acquiring turn-by-turn betatron oscillations for a maximum of 90 turns right at injection. Transverse coupling was not corrected and chromaticity was estimated to be large. Despite this largely constrained scenario, reliable optics measurements have been accomplished. These measurements together with the application of new algorithms for the reconstruction of optics errors have led to the identification of a dominant error source.

Published
2009

36. LHC machine protection

Author

R. Schmidt, Jan Uythoven, Jorg Wenninger, E. Carlier, Reiner Denz, Markus Zerlauth, R W Assmann, B. Puccio, Verena Kain, Eva Barbara Holzer, Benjamin Todd, B Goddard, and Bernd Dehning

Subjects
Proton (rocket family), Physics, Nuclear physics, Large Hadron Collider, Magnet, Nuclear engineering, Stored energy, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Beam instrumentation, Protection system, Interlock, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Beam (structure)
Abstract

For nominal beam parameters at 7 TeV/c each of the two LHC proton beams has a stored energy of 362 MJ threatening to damage accelerator equipment in case of uncontrolled beam loss. The energy stored in the magnet system at 7 TeV/c will exceed 10 GJ. In order to avoid damage of accelerator equipment, complex machine protection systems are required. Magnet protection and powering interlock systems must be operational already before commissioning the magnet powering system. Beam operation, throughout the operational cycle from injection to colliding beams, requires fully operational protection systems, including beam interlock systems, beam dumping system, beam instrumentation (mainly beam loss monitors) as well as collimators and beam absorbers. Details of LHC machine protection have been presented on several occasions and the systems involved in protection are well documented [1]. This paper gives an overview of LHC machine protection, discusses the progress with the implementation and presents first results from the commissioning of some systems.

Published
2007

37. Protection Level During Extraction, Transfer and Injection into the LHC

Author

R. Schmidt, Verena Kain, B Goddard, and Jorg Wenninger

Subjects
Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Aperture, Nuclear engineering, Monte Carlo method, Transfer line, Orbit (dynamics), Electronic engineering, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Power-system protection, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Beam (structure), Power (physics)
Abstract

Failures during the LHC transfer and injection process cannot be excluded and beam loss with the foreseen intensities and energies will cause serious equipment damage. Consequences of equipment failures such as kicker erratics, power converter faults, etc. are investigated by means of a Monte Carlo based on MAD-X tracking with a full aperture model of the transfer line and the injection region. Geometrical and optical mismatch, orbit tolerances, mechanical tolerances for settings of protection elements, power converter ripples, misalignment of elements, etc. are all taken into account. The required performance of the protection system is discussed. The overall protection level for the LHC and the transfer lines during injection is presented.

Published
2006

38. Protection of the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Author

Jorg Wenninger, Benjamin Todd, B Goddard, Eva Barbara Holzer, M Zerlauth, Bernd Dehning, Reiner Denz, B. Puccio, Verena Kain, Jan Uythoven, R. Schmidt, Ralph Assmann, and E. Carlier

Subjects
Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Nuclear engineering, General Physics and Astronomy, Superconducting magnet, Accelerators and Storage Rings, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Safe operation, law, Magnet, Stored energy, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Beam dump, Interlock, Beam (structure)
Abstract

TheLargeHadronCollider(LHC)atCERNwillcollidetwocounter- rotating proton beams, each with an energy of 7TeV. The energy stored in the superconducting magnet system will exceed 10GJ, and each beam has a stored energy of 362MJ which could cause major damage to accelerator equipment in the case of uncontrolled beam loss. Safe operation of the LHC will therefore rely on a complex system for equipment protection. The systems for protection of the superconducting magnets in case of quench must be fully operational before powering the magnets. For safe injection of the 450GeV beam into the LHC, beam absorbers must be in their correct positions and specific procedures must be applied. Requirements for safe operation throughout the cycle necessitate early detection of failures within the equipment, and active monitoring of the beam with fast and reliable beam instrumentation, mainly beam loss monitors (BLM). When operating with circulating beams, the time constant for beam loss after a failureextendsfrom ≈mstoafewminutes—failuresmustbedetectedsufficiently early and transmitted to the beam interlock system that triggers a beam dump. It is essential that the beams are properly extracted on to the dump blocks at the end of a fill and in case of emergency, since the beam dump blocks are the only elements of the LHC that can withstand the impact of the full beam.

Published
2006

39. The LHC Proton Beam in the CERN SPS: an Update

Author

Gianluigi Arduini, Karel Cornelis, Joachim Tückmantel, T. Bohl, P. Collier, Elena Shaposhnikova, Wolfgang Höfle, Jorg Wenninger, T. Linnecar, and Philippe Baudrenghien

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, education.field_of_study, Large Hadron Collider, Proton, Population, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Intensity (physics), Nuclear physics, Transverse plane, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Thermal emittance, Particle beam, education, Beam (structure)
Abstract

During the 2001 run the beam-induced electron-cloud, generating dramatic vacuum pressure increases and fast transverse instabilities, was the main limitation in the achievement of the nominal LHC beam intensity in the SPS. Nominal longitudinal and transverse parameters at the extraction energy (450 GeV) could be achieved only with a single batch and with a maximum bunch population of 0.5/spl times/10/sup 11/ p. In 2002 the threshold for the onset of the electron cloud in the arcs could be increased from 0.4/spl times/10/sup 11/ p/bunch to 0.9/spl times/10/sup 11/ p/bunch by means of a dedicated 10-day 'scrubbing' run with the LHC beam. At the end of this period four LHC batches with design bunch population (1.1/spl times/10/sup 11/ p) could be injected for each SPS cycle, as foreseen for the nominal filling scenario, without provoking vacuum interlocks. After a series of machine development sessions the LHC beam with nominal intensity could be accelerated to 450 GeV with nominal longitudinal emittance and with transverse emittances close to the design values for the first three batches. The problems encountered with this high brilliance beam and the solutions developed are presented.

Published
2003

40. Observation of radial ring deformations using closed orbits at LEP

Author

Jorg Wenninger

Subjects
Physics, Radial position, Ring (mathematics), Amplitude, Range (statistics), Atomic physics, Circumference, Geodesy, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Beam energy
Abstract

With a circumference of 27.7 km the LEP ring is subject to long large geological deformations which must be monitored accurately to guarantee a sufficient precision on the beam energy for the LEP experiments. Changes of the LEP circimference can be extracted from the radial position of the closed orbits with an accurancy better than 0.1 mm. The observed tidal deformations with amplitudes of up to 1 mm were found to be in good agreement with geological models. Besides such periodic effects seasonalcircumference variations of 2 mm are also observed. A summary of measurements collected between 1993 and 1998 is presented.

Published
2003

41. Measurements of impedance distributions and instability thresholds in LEP

Author

Karel Cornelis, D Brandt, Bruno W Zotter, Jorg Wenninger, A. Hofmann, G.L. Sabbi, G. Morpurgo, and P. Castro

Subjects
Physics, Beam diameter, Luminosity (scattering theory), Physics::Accelerator Physics, M squared, Laser beam quality, Momentum compaction, Atomic physics, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Electrical impedance, Instability, Beam (structure), Computational physics
Abstract

The distribution of reactive and resistive components of the transverse impedance around the circumference of LEP has been obtained by exciting the beam and measuring the variations of phase advance and of closed orbit displacements with beam current. Tune shifts with current and instability thresholds were determined for two machine lattices with different beta functions and momentum compaction for various values of bunch length and synchrotron frequency. These measurements are particularly interesting for LEP2, which will require larger bunch currents to achieve the design luminosity.

Published
2002

42. Emittance optimization with dispersion free steering at LEP

Author

G. Roy, R W Assmann, Jorg Wenninger, and P. Raimondi

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Residual dispersion, business.industry, Surfaces and Interfaces, Residual, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Closed orbit, law.invention, Optics, law, Dispersion (optics), lcsh:QC770-798, Physics::Accelerator Physics, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Thermal emittance, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business, Collider
Abstract

Residual vertical dispersion can be a significant performance limitation for the LEP collider because the associated vertical emittance increase reduces the luminosity of the machine. To make the search for orbits yielding small vertical emittances fast and deterministic, a simultaneous correction of the closed orbit and the residual dispersion was implemented at LEP. The principle of the correction and the resulting performance gains are discussed.

Published
2000

43. Beam Spot Position Measurement at the LEP Collider

Author

F. J. Harris, Dimitri Bourilkov, V. Brigljevic, E. Vallazza, G. von Holtey, R. J. Hawkings, O. Schneider, Jorg Wenninger, Roger Forty, Frank Filthaut, and Ernesto Migliore

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Beam diameter, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Accelerators and Storage Rings, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Position (vector), law, Magnet, Orbit (dynamics), Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Quadrupole magnet, Collider, Instrumentation, Image resolution, Beam (structure)
Abstract

A precise knowledge of the beam spot position is required for many physics topics at LEP2. The movement of the beam spot is studied at LEP1 using beam orbit monitors close to the interaction points and compared with measurements from tracks produced in e + e − collisions. The beam orbit monitors are found to follow the beam spot position well, particularly when corrected for movements of nearby quadrupole magnets. Data from the LEP high energy run of November 1995 are also analysed, and projections made for the prospects at LEP2.

Published
1996

44. Operational procedures to obtain high beam-beam tune shifts in LEP pretzel operation

Author

M. Jonker, P. Collier, G. Roy, H. Schmickler, A Faugier, Karel Cornelis, Helmut Burkhardt, T. Bohl, Mike Lamont, G. de Rijk, Jorg Wenninger, and R. Bailey

Subjects
Physics, Optics, business.industry, Skew, Vertical plane, Betatron, Horizontal plane, business, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Closed orbit
Abstract

During the running period 1994 the luminosity of LEP has been improved without colliding higher bunch currents. This paper describes the main procedures used by the operations group for luminosity optimization. Separator scans in the vertical plane and orbit interpolations in the horizontal plane are used to adjust settings for electrostatic separators in order to ensure head-on collisions. The closed orbit is corrected towards a reference orbit (called "golden" orbit) which has been found empirically to produce good luminosity. The settings of the skew quadrupoles for coupling compensation is obtained by measuring the closest tune approach of the horizontal and vertical betatron tunes.

Published
1995

45. Measurement of the inclusive b →τνX branching ratio

Author

Pablo Garcia-Abia, Y. J. Pei, P. Marchesini, Ming Zeng, M. Röhner, Alain Hervé, A. Bay, M. Wadhwa, W. van Rossum, S. Lanzano, R. T. Van de Walle, Carlo Civinini, Pierluigi Paolucci, M. Gailloud, Adrian Biland, M. Maolinbay, G. Raven, J. Busenitz, Kajari Mazumdar, M. Möller, C-Q. Li, S. Easo, G.B. Mills, M. Aguilar-Benitez, I. Scott, P. de Jong, S. J. Fan, V. Plyaskin, S. Khokhar, T.R. McMahon, S. Müller, V. K. Gupta, Roberto Battiston, Peter Denes, Herwig Schopper, H. F. Chen, A. Buytenhuijs, X. R. Shi, Felicitas Pauss, H. Postema, M. White, M. Hebert, Elemer Nagy, Gerjan Bobbink, B. Borgia, Paolo Bagnaia, C. Burgos, H. Vogt, Xd Cai, S. Ro, R. Bizzarri, W. Lu, M. Diemoz, S. Rosier-Lees, A. Engler, Lamberto Luminari, J. Ulbricht, M. T. Dova, M. Capell, H. El Mamouni, D. Boutigny, J. C. Sens, P. Le Coultre, F. DeNotaristefani, G. Chiefari, S. Shevchenko, A. Arefiev, Aa Vorobyov, F. Ferroni, I. Vorobiev, Y. Zeng, X. Y. Yao, M. Fukushima, G. Carlino, H. O. Cohn, S. Röhner, Ren-Yuan Zhu, Luciano Barone, M. Lenti, Stefan Roth, F. Wittgenstein, S. C. Tonwar, Giovanni Ambrosi, P. Arce, Frank Filthaut, Andrea Baschirotto, A. A. Syed, V. Brigljevic, H. S. Fesefeldt, M. Rescigno, D. Goujon, R. C. Ball, Thomas Ferguson, G. Alkhazov, J. K. Kim, G. Schwering, Gy L. Bencze, Pierre Lecomte, Egidio Longo, Raffaello D'Alessandro, G. Landi, Simone Paoletti, G. Sartorelli, Werner Lustermann, A. Gurtu, Els Koffeman, J. M. Le Goff, D. H. Wright, N. Gheordanescu, Reinhard W. Schulte, I. Clare, X. T. Cui, M. Yzerman, C. Leggett, L. Ludovici, Vincenzo Innocente, E. Drago, Stefan Kirsch, G. S. Sanders, Bolek Wyslouch, H. J. Schreiber, L. Djambazov, P. G. Seiler, J. A. Rubio, M. Guanziroli, Leonardo Merola, F. J. Rodriguez, E. Valente, Chenjie Gu, C. F. He, G. F. Susinno, J. C. Pinto, H. R. Gustafson, Manjit Kaur, Daqiang Zhang, E. Brambilla, Jun Guo, B. Lindemann, Marcel Merk, J. P. Martin, J. Perrier, E. Shumilov, P. Vikas, M. T. Choi, Francesca Nessi-Tedaldi, W. Kittel, M. Vivargent, M. Sachwitz, F. Marzano, G. Coignet, W. Krenz, A. Lebedev, Dong-Chul Son, T. Kramer, J. J. Blaising, D. Antreasyan, Qi An, P. Kapinos, D. Luckey, A. Pevsner, A. Hasan, M. Gruenewald, Marco Meschini, D. Kirkby, Georgi Sultanov, Fl Linde, R. Barillère, M. M. Ilyas, Steven Ahlen, G. Viertel, V. Shoutko, B. C. Riemers, A. Adam, T. Azemoon, G. Tsipolitis, J. D. Burger, D. Pandoulas, G. Rahal-Callot, T. Spickermann, P. Berges, A. Marin, H. R. Dimitrov, R. Malik, J. M. Lubbers, H. Anderhub, F. Cesaroni, M. Chamizo, Samuel C.C. Ting, R. Leiste, Christoph Paus, Stefano Giagu, D. McNally, J. Y. Liao, P. Duinker, Simonetta Gentile, D.W. Schmitz, G. Pascale, G.G.G. Massaro, S. Pensotti, Valery Schegelsky, Antonino Zichichi, Ph Fisher, An.A. Vorobyov, A. Klimentov, Christopher George Tully, U. K. Chaturvedi, Y. S. Lu, T. S. Dai, R. A. Khan, Hans J. Vogel, S. Morganti, J. Schwenke, X. Y. Cui, M. Tonutti, T. Paul, Marcos Cerrada, Y. Mi, K. Sudhakar, Bernard Ille, K. Schultze, J. D. Swain, N. Scholz, Claudio Luci, H. Suter, H. Janssen, Kenneth Francis Read, H. Rykaczewski, Giovanni Organtini, Y. Karyotakis, W. G. Ma, Thomas Hebbeker, Paul Lecoq, R. W. Kraemer, A. Nippe, Zhuoxiang Ren, S. R. Hou, L. Z. Sun, O. Adriani, Lucas Taylor, L. Urbán, Emilio Leonardi, E. Dénes, M. G. Alviggi, Zhiqing Zhang, Wolfgang Lohmann, B. Bertucci, S. C. Kim, R. Weill, B. Monteleoni, F. Sticozzi, F. Plasil, R. Bock, S. Costantini, P. McBride, V. P. Andreev, M. Chemarin, D. J. Schotanus, J. M. You, V. R. Krastev, Yu. Galaktionov, M. Napolitano, I. Josa-Mutuberria, C. Spartiotis, Mingshui Chen, J. Gerald, H. S. Chen, L. Servoli, M. Pauluzzi, J. Casaus, D. Hauschildt, D. Lanske, I. Vetlitsky, D. Duchesneau, J. Mnich, A. Rubbia, Nicanor Colino, G. Passaleva, T. Angelescu, A. L. Anderson, Alexander Malinin, J. H. Field, G. Trowitzsch, C. Y. Chien, A. Kirkby, F. Marion, R. Sehgal, G. M. Chen, M. Redaelli, F. C. Erné, Roberto Castello, L. Baksay, J. S. Lee, M. Fabre, M. Schneegans, B. De La Cruz, Jianming Qian, G. A. Yang, R. Morand, Z. L. Xue, F. Cotorobai, S. Chung, P.V.K.S. Baba, Attilio Santocchia, Jean Fay, Z. Y. Lin, J. Alcaraz, R. de Asmundis, D. Z. Shen, Yu. Kamyshkov, J. B. Ye, G. Hu, Dimitri Bourilkov, L. Antonov, V. Soulimov, J. F. Zhou, Howard A. Stone, J. A. Bakken, M. Sassowsky, A. Böhm, A. C. Weber, D. Ren, Yuehong Xie, Y. F. Wang, H. A. Rizvi, J. Shukla, Carlos Willmott, X. L. Wang, D. M. Lee, M. E. Sarakinos, A. Kunin, G. Forconi, Gerard Fernandez, N. E. Moulai, E. Fiandrini, Luca Malgeri, M. MacDermott, M. A. Niaz, Z. M. Wang, P. J. Li, L. J. Gutay, G. Mirabelli, P. Lebrun, U. Vikas, Cheng Chen, Hafeez R Hoorani, C. G. Yang, Jozsef Toth, A. Mihul, Elisabetta Gallo, W. J. Burger, C. Zaccardelli, O. Rind, I. Sheer, U. Becker, G. Sauvage, Z. D. Qi, BT Bouwens, S. X. Wu, K. Lübelsmeyer, Piero Spillantini, P. Extermann, Christoph Schäfer, I. Leedom, B. Z. Yang, H. Hofer, G. Chen, D. P. Stickland, M. Acciarri, W. W. Kinnison, S. C. Yeh, M. L. Brooks, D. DiBitonto, U. Uwer, Ph. Rosselet, I. Duran, A. Chen, J. Salicio, M. Steuer, J. Weber, Y. Mir, C. H. Ye, L. Romero, K. Banicz, P. Levtchenko, Panos A Razis, J. M. Salicio, D. Perret-Gallix, R. Mount, Nicola Cavallo, K. S. Kumar, Harvey B Newman, F. J. Eppling, G. J. Zhou, L. W. Jones, K. Hilgers, Chenliang Wang, W. J. Metzger, S. Goldfarb, Wt Lin, M. Bourquin, K. Strauch, O. Toker, S. Falciano, Z. F. Gong, S. Reucroft, A. Robohm, D. S. Yan, J. Berdugo, S. Shotkin, E. J. Sanchez, H. Kuijten, Tuure Tuuva, M. N. Kienzle-Focacci, R. Rosmalen, S. M. Ting, A. Tsaregorodtsev, J. T. He, K. Y. Lee, P. Ladron de Guevara, Andre Sopczak, K. N. Qureshi, A. Gougas, Maurizio Biasini, Marta Felcini, N. Yunus, Francesco Becattini, G. Gratta, A. Bykov, E. Gonzalez, Jorg Wenninger, S. Wynhoff, G. M. Bilei, Andrea Contin, S. Patricelli, Q. Ye, L. Fredj, Konrad Deiters, Alberto Aloisio, A. Ricker, X. W. Tang, P. A. Piroué, B. Zhou, B. C.C. van der Zwaan, Tariq Aziz, M. Caria, A. Koulbardis, V. Koutsenko, Crisostomo Sciacca, Marco Pieri, A. Kasser, Guofan Hu, P. G. Rancoita, T. E. Coan, J. G. Branson, Davide Piccolo, Z. W. Yin, B. N. Jin, S. N. Ganguli, H. Nowak, A. Degré, M. Rattaggi, C. Dionisi, B. P. Roe, W. Wallraff, S. Banerjee, A. Bujak, Oliver Kornadt, M. Pohl, Dai-Sik Kim, P. Schmitz, K. Freudenreich, C. Maña, I. C. Brock, Y. G. Kim, Y. H. Chang, George Alverson, J. S. Kapustinsky, B. L. Betev, A. M. Cartacci, R. Raghavan, A. C. König, Laurent Vuilleumier, A. Favara, Z. Z. Xu, V. Pojidaev, R. Fabbretti, Luca Lista, D. Fernandez, Juven Wang, Yanwen Liu, and Sabine Riemann

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Missing energy, leptons, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Branching fraction, Electron–positron annihilation, Hadron, Física, Elementary particle, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Particle decay, L3 detector, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, branching ratio, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Ciencias Exactas, Lepton, Boson
Abstract

Using the L3 detector, the branching ratio BR(b → πνX) has been measured using a sample of Z → b events tagged by high momentum and high transverse momentum leptons in one hemisphere and with missing energy in the opposite hemisphere. From a sample of 948 000 hadronic events we find BR(b → πνX) = (2.4 ± 0.7 (stat.) ± 0.8 (syst.))%., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas

Published
1994

46. Results on the calibration of the L3 BGO calorimeter with cosmic rays

Author

H. Janssen, Laurent Vuilleumier, Kenneth Francis Read, M. Diemoz, Ph. Lebrun, F.L. Linde, S. Rosier-Lees, Christopher George Tully, Jj Blaising, F. Denotaristefani, M. Merk, Giovanni Organtini, H. El Mamouni, D.W. Schmitz, Claudio Luci, A. C. Weber, P. A. Piroué, M. Micke, M. Schneegans, M. N. Kienzle-Focacci, F. Ferroni, B. Borgia, Paul Lecoq, Jorg Wenninger, B. Lindemann, R. Clare, Bernard Ille, Emilio Leonardi, Giorgio Gratta, G. Sauvage, Y. Karyotakis, J.P. Martin, Y. F. Wang, Dimitri Bourilkov, D. Luckey, A. Bay, D. Goujon, M. Chemarin, D. Duchesneau, V. K. Gupta, M. Gailloud, Ian Brock, G. Coignet, P. Denes, Christine Buisson, D. P. Stickland, Harvey B Newman, K. Hilgers, M. Vivargent, M. Capell, R. Weill, A. Kasser, J. Fay, E. Valente, S. Morganti, J. Schwenke, D. Boutigny, P. Extermann, J.A. Bakken, Egidio Longo, U.K. Chaturvedi, W. Krenz, Luciano Barone, Y. S. Lu, P. Rosselet, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), CMS, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and L3

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Calibration (statistics), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, Particle detector, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Calorimeter, Nuclear physics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Electromagnetic calorimeter, 0103 physical sciences, Scintillation counter, Measuring instrument, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Instrumentation
Abstract

During 1991 two cosmic rays runs took place for the calibration of the L3 electromagnetic calorimeter. In this paper we present the results of the first high statistics cosmic ray calibration of the calorimeter in situ, including the end caps. Results show that the accuracy on the measurement of the calibration constants that can be achieved in one month of data taking is of 1.3%.

Published
1993

47. Effects of tidal forces on the beam energy in LEP

Author

R W Assmann, J. Miles, R. G. Jacobsen, R. Schmidt, C. Pan, L. Arnaudon, L. Lawson-Chroco, Bernd Dehning, G. E. Fischer, K N Henrichsen, M. Placidi, W. Coosemans, J.P. Koutchouk, R. Olivier, F. Bordry, A. Hofmann, R. Olsen, Jorg Wenninger, A. Blondel, M. Mayoud, and G Ramseier

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Synchrotron radiation, Momentum compaction, Polarization (waves), Accelerators and Storage Rings, Earth radius, Gravitation, Nuclear physics, Optics, Tidal force, Calibration, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract

The e/sup +/e/sup -/ collider LEP is used to investigate the Z particle and to measure its energy and width. This requires energy calibrations with /spl sim/20 ppm precision achieved by measuring the frequency of a resonance which destroys the transverse beam polarization established by synchrotron radiation. To make this calibration valid over a longer period all effects causing an energy change have to be corrected for. Among those are the terrestrial tides due to the Moon and Sun. They move the Earth surface up and down by as much as /spl sim/0.25 m which represents a relative local change of the Earth radius of 0.04 ppm. This motion has also lateral components resulting in a change of the LEP circumference (C/sub c/=26.7 km) by a similar relative amount. Since the length of the beam orbit is fixed by the constant RF-frequency the change of the machine circumference will force the beam to go off-center through the quadrupoles and receive an extra, deflection leading to an energy change given by /spl Delta/C/sub cC/sub cspl sim/-(/spl alphasub cspl Deltasub c/E/E. With the momentum compaction /spl alphasub c/=1.85 10/sup -4/ for the present LEP optics this gives tide-driven p.t.p. Energy excursion up to about 220 ppm, corresponding to /spl sim/18.5 MeV for the Z energy. A beam energy measurement carried out over a 24 hour period perfectly confirmed the effects expected from a more detailed calculation of the tides. A corresponding correction can be applied to energy calibrations. >

Published
1993

48. Search for Lepton Flavor Violation in Z-Decays

Author

Egidio Longo, G. J. Bobbink, Dimitri Bourilkov, Roberto Battiston, A. A. Syed, Y. J. Pei, J. Alcaraz, B. Ille, E. Fiandrini, B. Borgia, Z. Y. Lin, M. Rescigno, L. Urbán, A. Krivshich, S. Schulte, S. Khokhar, H. Anderhub, A. Sopczak, B. N. Jin, F. Wittgenstein, J. Ulbricht, Konrad Deiters, Z. D. Qi, W. Y. Chen, C. Dionisi, J. M. Le Goff, Pablo Garcia-Abia, W. Friebel, M. Yzerman, C. Willmott, W. J. Burger, G. Forconi, Alberto Aloisio, A. Ricker, M. A. Niaz, Y. G. Kim, Maurizio Biasini, H. Kuijten, Harvey B Newman, D. P. Stickland, K. Hilgers, J. S. Kapustinsky, C. Chen, R. Becker, K. L. Tung, Jun Guo, B. Lindemann, D. H. Zhang, F. Sticozzi, C. Zaccardelli, Marcel Merk, Pierluigi Paolucci, Alain Hervé, A. Lebedev, Dong-Chul Son, Marta Felcini, George Alverson, J. C. Sens, G. Yang, P. V.K.S. Baba, A. Bay, J. D. Burger, Wt Lin, X. D. Cai, C. Li, A. Kasser, Guofan Hu, J. Busenitz, J. A. Bakken, M. Sassowsky, L. Antonov, O. Fackler, J. J. Blaising, W. W. Kinnison, S. C. Yeh, J. Perrier, Stefano Giagu, Carlo Civinini, M. N. Kienzle-Focacci, D. Perret-Galliz, R. Rosmalen, M. Maolinbay, G. Raven, L. Djambazov, B. L. Betev, C. R. Wang, D. Duchesneau, I. Sheer, S. Reucroft, P. A. Piroué, M. Gailloud, T. Paul, M. Bourquin, Y. F. Wang, N. Yunus, Francesco Becattini, M. Brooks, M. Vivargent, M. Sachwitz, K. Strauch, M. Aguilar-Benitez, C. Gu, S. Easo, B. C.C. van der Zwaan, Maria-Teresa Dova, Raffaello D'Alessandro, Yu. Galaktionov, N. Zaitsev, A. Kunin, G. Gratta, Herwig Schopper, B. Zhou, D. Z. Shen, J. G. Xu, A. Tsaregorodtsev, C. Neyer, M. Bosetti, P. G. Rancoita, H. Postema, R. Leiste, T. J. Wenaus, F. Ferroni, Leonardo Merola, V. Plyaskin, Christoph Paus, Y. Zeng, E. Dénes, K. Y. Lee, P. Zemp, T. Azemoon, S. Chung, I. Vetlitsky, W. van Rossum, J. G. Branson, Marco Meschini, M. Wadhwa, D. J. Schotanus, G. S. Sanders, R. Klöckner, D. Kirkby, R. de Asmundis, L. Ludovici, Stefan Roth, Marcos Cerrada, H. Nowak, Adrian Biland, E. Drago, R. Morand, G. Fernandez, C. Spartiotis, A.M. Cartacci, V. R. Krastev, G. Landi, H.R. Dimitrov, G. Terzi, R. Raghavan, A. C. König, D. Antreasyan, H. T. Li, U. K. Chaturvedi, W. J. Metzger, Francesca Nessi-Tedaldi, A. Nadtochy, U. Becker, J. S. Lee, J. Tóth, K. N. Qureshi, J. Mnich, C. Maña, S. J. Fan, X. W. Tang, G. Rahal-Callot, C. Wang, M. Guanziroli, M. Möller, Fj Eppling, Davide Piccolo, P. Kapinos, P. Duinker, R. Mount, Q. An, J. A. Rubio, I. Duran, Simonetta Gentile, H. O. Cohn, A. L. Anderson, Howard A. Stone, T.S. Dai, P. Schmitz, A. Klimentov, Roberto Castello, C. Warner, G. J. Zhou, L. W. Jones, Y. S. Lu, A. Buytenhuijs, S. Goldfarb, M. Schneegans, A. Bujak, A. Engler, Z. L. Ren, M. Capell, A. Degré, K. Schultze, W. Wallraff, P. H. Fisher, C. G. Yang, Kenneth Francis Read, K. Freudenreich, H. Suter, D. Fernandez, J. Berdugo, J. T. He, H. S. Chen, X. T. Cui, H. S. Fesefeldt, E. Nagy, Christopher George Tully, J. P. Martin, D. Lanske, J. Bechtluft, Ingrid U. Scott, Z. Z. Xu, F. L. Linde, G. Chiefari, D. 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C., Banerjee, S., Bao, J., Barillere, R., Barone, L., Baschirotto, A., Battiston, R., Bay, A., Becattini, F., Bechtluft, J., Becker, R., Becker, U., Behner, F., Behrens, J., Bencze, G. L., Berdugo, J., Berges, P., Bertucci, B., Betev, B. L., Biasini, M., Biland, A., Bilei, G. M., Bizzarri, R., Blaising, J. J., Bobbink, G. J., Bock, R., Bohm, A., Borgia, B., Bosetti, M., Bourilkov, D., Bourqin, M., Boutigny, D., Bouwens, B., Brambilla, E., Branson, J. G., Brock, I. C., Brooks, M., Bujak, A., Burger, J. D., Burger, W. J., Busenitz, J., Buytenhuijs, A., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Caria, M., Carlino, G., Cartacci, A. M., Castello, R., Cerrada, M., Cesaroni, F., Chang, Y. H., Chaturvedi, U. K., Chemarin, M., Chen, A., Chen, C., Chen, G., Chen, G. M., Chen, H. F., Chen, H. S., Chen, M., Chen, W. Y., Chiefari, Giovanni, Chien, C. Y., Choi, M. T., Chung, S., Civinini, C., Clare, I., Clare, R., Coan, T. E., Cohn, H. O., Coignet, G., Colino, N., Contin, A., Cotorobai, F., Cui, X. T., Cui, X. 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X., Wu, Wynhoff, S., Wyslouch, B., Xie, Y. Y., J. G., Xu, Z. Z., Xu, Xue, Z. L., Yan, D. S., Yang, B. Z., Yang, C. G., Yang, G., C. H., Ye, J. B., Ye, Ye, Q., Yeh, S. C., Yin, Z. W., You, J. M., Yunus, N., Yzerman, M., Zaccardelli, C., Zaitsev, N., Zemp, P., Zeng, M., Zeng, Y., Zhang, D. H., Zhang, Z. P., Zhou, B., Zhou, G. J., Zhou, J. F., Zhu, R. Y., Zichichi, A., B. C. C., Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), CMS, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and L3

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, [PHYS.HEXP] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Electron–positron annihilation, Flavour, Z boson decays, Elementary particle, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, BHABHA SCATTERING, MONTE-CARLO, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS, 010306 general physics, DETECTOR, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), Ciencias Exactas, Bhabha scattering, HIGH-ENERGIES, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Branching fraction, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, lepton flavour violation, Física, lcsh:QC1-999, MODEL, Z(0) DECAYS, Large Electron–Positron Collider, High Energy Physics::Experiment, PHOTON CORRECTIONS, TAU, lepton pairs, Event (particle physics), Particle Physics - Experiment, lcsh:Physics, Lepton
Abstract

We have searched for lepton flavour violation in Z boson decays into lepton pairs using all data collected with the L3 detector during the 1990, 1991 and 1992 runs on an event sample corresponding to 1 500 000 2?s produced. At the 95% confidence level the upper limits on the branching ratio for Z--,etz is 0.6X 10 -s, for Z--.er this is 1.3X 10 -5 and for Z--*/zT this is 1.9X 10 -s., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas

Published
1993

49. Chi(C)-Production in Hadronic Z-Decays

Author

J. Alcaraz, S. Khokhar, J. M. Lubbers, H. Rykaczewski, G. Forconi, S. X. Wu, Luca Lista, S. Ro, C. Willmott, W. J. Burger, J. M. Salicio, Ph. Rosselet, C. H. Ye, C. Zaccardelli, J. S. Kapustinsky, D. Pandoulas, W. W. Kinnison, M. Steuer, S. C. Yeh, Pierluigi Paolucci, M. Zeng, R. de Asmundis, C. Y. Chien, B. Wysłouch, P. Razis, Yu. Galaktionov, P. Schmitz, V. Soulimov, J. F. Zhou, F. Plasil, E. Gonzalez, F. J. Rodriguez, Egidio Longo, M. Pauluzzi, H. El Mamouni, An.A. Vorobyov, H. R. Gustafson, Marcella Diemoz, B. P. Roe, F. Marion, G. J. Bobbink, E. Gallo, J. Shukla, I. Clare, V. Innocente, P. Kapinos, O. Adriani, A.M. Cartacci, A. Arefiev, G. Carlino, Oliver Kornadt, J. H. Field, A. Kirkby, G. M. Bilei, R. Fabbretti, D. McNally, W. van Rossum, Lucas Taylor, M. G. Alviggi, Zhiqing Zhang, H. Hofer, Kajari Mazumdar, E. Fiandrini, Simone Paoletti, I. C. Brock, Z. D. Qi, Maria-Teresa Dova, Raffaello D'Alessandro, F. C. Erné, K. Riles, N. Zaitsev, Leonardo Merola, D. Gele, Andrea Contin, P. Zemp, Y. Mi, J. M. Le Goff, A. Kasser, Guofan Hu, G. Rahal-Callot, F. Marzano, A. Biland, M. Bosetti, J. G. Branson, T. Angelescu, D. Luckey, Ren-Yuan Zhu, Luciano Barone, K. Y. Lee, S. Patricelli, W. Krenz, G. Schwering, T. Azemoon, Z. Y. Lin, A. Krivshich, Samuel C.C. Ting, Yu. Kamyshkov, P. G. Rancoita, E. Valente, W. J. Metzger, Z. W. Yin, E. Dénes, A. Gurtu, M. Fukushima, S. Shotkin, John Swain, A. Degré, Marcos Cerrada, Harvey B Newman, A. A. Syed, K. Hilgers, S. Riemann, G. F. Susinno, P. H. Fisher, E. Brambilla, S. J. Fan, B. Hartmann, Giovanni Ambrosi, G. Landi, D. Goujon, J. M. Ma, P. Le Coultre, J. A. Rubio, A. Hasan, J. Behrens, Hans J. Vogel, G. Passaleva, M. W. Gruenewald, I. Josa-Mutuberria, S. C. Kim, P.G. Seiler, J. Busenitz, C. Spartiotis, M. Rattaggi, G. M. Chen, L. Fredj, J. M. You, S. Morganti, M. Dhina, J. Schwenke, T. J. Wenaus, F. Ferroni, A. Sopczak, Y. S. Lu, A. Engler, S. Costantini, A. Marin, P. Extermann, D. M. Lee, E. Drago, P. J. Li, A. Mihul, K. S. Kumar, B. C. Stringfellow, Y. Zeng, Q. An, M. Schneegans, M. Vivargent, W. Wallraff, Peter Denes, T. McMahon, G. Tsipolitis, M. Caria, Paolo Bagnaia, A. Koulbardis, K. Schultze, BT Bouwens, M. Capell, M. Kaur, A. Atamanchuk, A. C. König, B. Z. Yang, M. M. Ilyas, Yueh-Feng Liu, J. C. Sens, G. Yang, Marco Meschini, S. Banerjee, Tobias Kramer, G. S. Sanders, R. Klöckner, D. Kirkby, D. Bourilkov, L. Djambazov, Maurizio Biasini, S. Schulte, D. Z. Shen, X. D. Cai, C. Li, J. A. Bakken, G. Terzi, Marta Felcini, M. Sassowsky, E. Nagy, D. Lanske, M. Röhner, J. P. Martin, J. Bechtluft, K. Sudhakar, P. Lecomte, H. Anderhub, C. Wang, U. Uwer, O. Fackler, V. Koutsenko, Konrad Deiters, J. Salicio, D. Duchesneau, P. Marchesini, Zheng Wang, W. Lohmann, J. D. Burger, S. Easo, Christopher George Tully, Wt Lin, L. Urbán, F. Pauss, N. Yunus, W. Y. Chen, G. Gratta, A. Lebedev, H. J. Schreiber, Alberto Aloisio, A. Ricker, Dong-Chul Son, V. Plyaskin, Martin White, D. Boutigny, C. R. 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Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, B-MESONS, [PHYS.HEXP] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Branching fraction, Electron–positron annihilation, Hadron, Elementary particle, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QC1-999, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 010306 general physics, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), Particle Physics - Experiment, lcsh:Physics
Abstract

We report on inclusive chi(c) production in Z decays reconstructed via the decay mode chi(c) --> J + gamma. This analysis is based on 1.1 million hadronic Z events. Interpreting the observed signal as chi(c1), we obtain a branching ratio Br(Z --> chi(c1) + X) = (7.5 +/- 2.9(stat.) +/- 0.6(sys.)) x 10(-3). Assuming all events are produced in b decays we obtain Br(b --> chi(c1) + X) = (2.4 +/- 0.9(stat.) +/- 0.2(sys.)) x 10(-2). We also present an improved measurement of the branching ratio Br(Z --> J + X) = (3.6 +/- 0.5(stat.) +/- 0.4(sys.)) x 10(-3), obtained from dileptonic J decays.

Published
1993

50. Measurement of elastic pp scattering at $$\sqrt{\hbox {s}} = \hbox {8}$$ s = 8 TeV in the Coulomb–nuclear interference region: determination of the $$\mathbf {\rho }$$ ρ -parameter and the total cross-section

Author

A. Scribano, J. Kaspar, J. Kopal, Mate Csanad, V. Kundrát, Gianluca Valentino, Georgy Antchev, Kenneth Osterberg, Richard Linhart, Vaclav Vacek, J. Lippmaa, S. Minutoli, K. Eggert, F. Lucas Rodríguez, A. D'Orazio, R. Lauhakangas, J. Welti, M. Bozzo, Carlo Edoardo Campanella, E. Radermacher, Cataldo Guaragnella, J. Smajek, V. Avati, Tiziano Politi, Tamás Csörgő, C. Taylor, G. Ruggiero, I. Atanassov, M. Quinto, M. Lo Vetere, Eraldo Oliveri, Mario Deile, M. G. Catanesi, H. Saarikko, M. M. Macri, Harald Burkhardt, Belen Salvachua, Mirko Berretti, E. Lippmaa, Vincenzo Petruzzelli, Leszek Grzanka, J. Procházka, Ubaldo Bottigli, J. Hammerbauer, L. Ropelewski, W. Snoeys, Lukas Palocko, S. Gianì, A. Buzzo, Zdenek Peroutka, Jorg Wenninger, Federico Ravotti, J. Heino, S. Lami, R. Orava, A. Fiergolski, Fabrizio Ferro, L. Losurdo, Giuseppe Latino, M. Oriunno, H. Niewiadomski, E. Radicioni, N. Turini, T. Naaranoja, P. Broulím, Francisco Garcia, F. S. Cafagna, Vjaceslav Georgiev, Milos Lokajicek, Vincenzo Berardi, Frigyes Nemes, E. Bossini, Joachim Baechler, F. Oljemark, Vittorio M. N. Passaro, P. Palazzi, Enrico Robutti, Martin Doubek, V. K. Eremin, Nicola Minafra, P. Wyszkowski, F. De Leonardis, A. Karev, A. Mercadante, P. Aspell, K. Zielinski, J. Sziklai, Francesco Prudenzano, and Stefano Redaelli

Subjects
Elastic scattering, Physics, Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Hadron, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Phase (waves), 01 natural sciences, Scattering amplitude, Amplitude, 0103 physical sciences, Coulomb, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Impact parameter, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Engineering (miscellaneous)
Abstract

The TOTEM experiment at the CERN LHC has measured elastic proton-proton scattering at the centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV and four-momentum transfers squared, |t|, from 6 x $10^{-4}$ GeV$^2$ to 0.2 GeV$^2$. Near the lower end of the |t|-interval the differential cross-section is sensitive to the interference between the hadronic and the electromagnetic scattering amplitudes. This article presents the elastic cross-section measurement and the constraints it imposes on the functional forms of the modulus and phase of the hadronic elastic amplitude. The data exclude the traditional Simplified West and Yennie interference formula that requires a constant phase and a purely exponential modulus of the hadronic amplitude. For parametrisations of the hadronic modulus with second- or third-order polynomials in the exponent, the data are compatible with hadronic phase functions giving either central or peripheral behaviour in the impact parameter picture of elastic scattering. In both cases, the $\rho$-parameter is found to be 0.12 $\pm$ 0.03. The results for the total hadronic cross-section are $\sigma_{tot}$ = (102.9 $\pm$ 2.3) mb and (103.0 $\pm$ 2.3) mb for central and peripheral phase formulations, respectively. Both are consistent with previous TOTEM measurements.

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