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1. Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Incidence and Methicillin Resistance in Rural Thailand, 2006-2014.

Author

Jaganath, Devan, Jorakate, Possawat, Makprasert, Sirirat, Sangwichian, Ornuma, Akarachotpong, Thantapat, Thamthitiwat, Somsak, Khemla, Supphachoke, DeFries, Triveni, Baggett, Henry, Whistler, Toni, Gregory, Christopher, and Rhodes, Julia

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bacteremia, Blood Culture, Child, Child, Preschool, Community-Acquired Infections, Epidemiological Monitoring, Female, Hospitalization, Hospitals, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Middle Aged, Rural Population, Staphylococcal Infections, Thailand
Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of bloodstream infection and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is a growing threat worldwide. We evaluated the incidence rate of S. aureus bacteremia (SAB) and MRSA from population-based surveillance in all hospitals from two Thai provinces. Infections were classified as community-onset (CO) when blood cultures were obtained ≤ 2 days after hospital admission and as hospital-onset (HO) thereafter. The incidence rate of HO-SAB could only be calculated for 2009-2014 when hospitalization denominator data were available. Among 147,524 blood cultures, 919 SAB cases were identified. Community-onset S. aureus bacteremia incidence rate doubled from 4.4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.3-5.8) in 2006 to 9.3 per 100,000 persons per year (95% CI: 7.6-11.2) in 2014. The highest CO-SAB incidence rate was among adults aged 50 years and older. Children less than 5 years old had the next highest incidence rate, with most cases occurring among neonates. During 2009-2014, there were 89 HO-SAB cases at a rate of 0.13 per 1,000 hospitalizations per year (95% CI: 0.10-0.16). Overall, MRSA prevalence among SAB cases was 10% (90/911) and constituted 7% (55/736) of CO-SAB and 20% (22/111) of HO-SAB without a clear temporal trend in incidence rate. In conclusion, CO-SAB incidence rate has increased, whereas MRSA incidence rate remained stable. The increasing CO-SAB incidence rate, especially the burden on older adults and neonates, underscores the importance of strong SAB surveillance to identify and respond to changes in bacteremia trends and antimicrobial resistance.

Published
2018

2. Microscopic Analysis and Quality Assessment of Induced Sputum From Children With Pneumonia in the PERCH Study

Author

PERCH Study Group, Murdoch, David R., Morpeth, Susan C., Hammitt, Laura L., Driscoll, Amanda J., Watson, Nora L., Baggett, Henry C., Brooks, W. Abdullah, Knoll, Maria Deloria, Feikin, Daniel R., Kotloff, Karen L., Levine, Orin S., Madhi, Shabir A., O'Brien, Katherine L., Scott, J. Anthony G., Thea, Donald M., Ahmed, Dilruba, Awori, Juliet O., DeLuca, Andrea N., Ebruke, Bernard E., Higdon, Melissa M., Jorakate, Possawat, Karron, Ruth A., Kazungu, Sidi, Kwenda, Geoffrey, Hossain, Lokman, Makprasert, Sirirat, Moore, David P., Mudau, Azwifarwi, Mwaba, John, Panchalingam, Sandra, Park, Daniel E., Prosperi, Christine, Salaudeen, Rasheed, Toure, Aliou, Zeger, Scott L., and Howie, Stephen R. C.

Published
2017

4. Incidence of Pneumococcal Bacteremia Requiring Hospitalization in Rural Thailand

Author

Baggett, Henry C., Peruski, Leonard F., Olsen, Sonja J., Thamthitiwat, Somsak, Rhodes, Julia, Dejsirilert, Surang, Wongjindanon, Wanna, Dowell, Scott F., Fischer, Julie E., Areerat, Peera, Sornkij, Denchai, Jorakate, Possawat, Kaewpan, Anek, Prapasiri, Prabda, Naorat, Sathapana, Sangsuk, Leelawadee, Eampokalap, Boonchuay, Moore, Matthew R., Carvalho, Gloria, Beall, Bernard, Ungchusak, Kumnuan, and Maloney, Susan A.

Published
2009
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6. High Burden of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase–Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Bacteremia in Older Adults: A Seven-Year Study in Two Rural Thai Provinces

Author

Sawatwong, Pongpun, primary, Sapchookul, Patranuch, additional, Whistler, Toni, additional, Gregory, Christopher J., additional, Sangwichian, Ornuma, additional, Makprasert, Sirirat, additional, Jorakate, Possawat, additional, Srisaengchai, Prasong, additional, Thamthitiwat, Somsak, additional, Promkong, Chidchanok, additional, Nanvatthanachod, Pongnapat, additional, Vanaporn, Muthita, additional, and Rhodes, Julia, additional

Published
2019
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7. Microscopic Analysis and Quality Assessment of Induced Sputum From Children With Pneumonia in the PERCH Study

Author

Murdoch, David R, Morpeth, Susan C, Hammitt, Laura L, Driscoll, Amanda J, Watson, Nora L, Baggett, Henry C, Brooks, W Abdullah, Deloria Knoll, Maria, Feikin, Daniel R, Kotloff, Karen L, Levine, Orin S, Madhi, Shabir A, O'Brien, Katherine L, Scott, J Anthony G, Thea, Donald M, Ahmed, Dilruba, Awori, Juliet O, DeLuca, Andrea N, Ebruke, Bernard E, Higdon, Melissa M, Jorakate, Possawat, Karron, Ruth A, Kazungu, Sidi, Kwenda, Geoffrey, Hossain, Lokman, Makprasert, Sirirat, Moore, David P, Mudau, Azwifarwi, Mwaba, John, Panchalingam, Sandra, Park, Daniel E, Prosperi, Christine, Salaudeen, Rasheed, Toure, Aliou, Zeger, Scott L, Howie, Stephen RC, and PERCH Study Group

Abstract

BACKGROUND.: It is standard practice for laboratories to assess the cellular quality of expectorated sputum specimens to check that they originated from the lower respiratory tract. The presence of low numbers of squamous epithelial cells (SECs) and high numbers of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells are regarded as indicative of a lower respiratory tract specimen. However, these quality ratings have never been evaluated for induced sputum specimens from children with suspected pneumonia. METHODS.: We evaluated induced sputum Gram stain smears and cultures from hospitalized children aged 1-59 months enrolled in a large study of community-acquired pneumonia. We hypothesized that a specimen representative of the lower respiratory tract will contain smaller quantities of oropharyngeal flora and be more likely to have a predominance of potential pathogens compared to a specimen containing mainly saliva. The prevalence of potential pathogens cultured from induced sputum specimens and quantity of oropharyngeal flora were compared for different quantities of SECs and PMNs. RESULTS.: Of 3772 induced sputum specimens, 2608 (69%) had 25 PMNs per LPF, measures traditionally associated with specimens from the lower respiratory tract in adults. Using isolation of low quantities of oropharyngeal flora and higher prevalence of potential pathogens as markers of higher quality, 25 PMNs per LPF) was the microscopic variable most associated with high quality of induced sputum. CONCLUSIONS.: Quantity of SECs may be a useful quality measure of induced sputum from young children with pneumonia.

Published
2017

8. Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonellosis in rural Thailand from 2006-2014

Author

Whistler, Toni, primary, Sapchookul, Patranuch, additional, McCormick, David W., additional, Sangwichian, Ornuma, additional, Jorakate, Possawat, additional, Makprasert, Sirirat, additional, Jatapai, Anchalee, additional, Naorat, Sathapana, additional, Surin, Uraiwan, additional, Koosakunwat, Surathinee, additional, Supcharassaeng, Surachai, additional, Piralam, Barameht, additional, Mikoleit, Mathew, additional, Baggett, Henry C., additional, Rhodes, Julia, additional, and Gregory, Christopher J., additional

Published
2018
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9. Hospitalized Bacteremic Melioidosis in Rural Thailand: 2009–2013

Author

Jatapai, Anchalee, primary, Gregory, Christopher J., additional, Thamthitiwat, Somsak, additional, Tanwisaid, Kittisak, additional, Bhengsri, Saithip, additional, Baggett, Henry C., additional, Sangwichian, Ornuma, additional, Jorakate, Possawat, additional, and MacArthur, John R., additional

Published
2018
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10. Melioidosis diagnostic workshop, 2013

Author

Hoffmaster, Alex R, AuCoin, David, Baccam, Prasith, Baggett, Henry C, Baird, Rob, Bhengsri, Saithip, Blaney, David D, Brett, Paul J, Brooks, Timothy JG, Brown, Katherine A, Chantratita, Narisara, Cheng, Allen C, Dance, David AB, Decuypere, Saskia, Defenbaugh, Dawn, Gee, Jay E, Houghton, Raymond, Jorakate, Possawat, Lertmemongkolchai, Ganjana, Limmathurotsakul, Direk, Merlin, Toby L, Mukhopadhyay, Chiranjay, Norton, Robert, Peacock, Sharon J, Rolim, Dionne B, Simpson, Andrew J, Steinmetz, Ivo, Stoddard, Robyn A, Stokes, Martha M, Sue, David, Tuanyok, Apichai, Whistler, Toni, Wuthiekanun, Vanaporn, and Walke, Henry T

Abstract

Melioidosis is a severe disease that can be difficult to diagnose because of its diverse clinical manifestations and a lack of adequate diagnostic capabilities for suspected cases. There is broad interest in improving detection and diagnosis of this disease not only in melioidosis-endemic regions but also outside these regions because melioidosis may be underreported and poses a potential bioterrorism challenge for public health authorities. Therefore, a workshop of academic, government, and private sector personnel from around the world was convened to discuss the current state of melioidosis diagnostics, diagnostic needs, and future directions.

Published
2016

12. Melioidosis Diagnostic Workshop, 20131

Author

Hoffmaster, Alex R., primary, AuCoin, David, additional, Baccam, Prasith, additional, Baggett, Henry C., additional, Baird, Rob, additional, Bhengsri, Saithip, additional, Blaney, David D., additional, Brett, Paul J., additional, Brooks, Timothy J.G., additional, Brown, Katherine A., additional, Chantratita, Narisara, additional, Cheng, Allen C., additional, Dance, David A.B., additional, Decuypere, Saskia, additional, Defenbaugh, Dawn, additional, Gee, Jay E., additional, Houghton, Raymond, additional, Jorakate, Possawat, additional, Lertmemongkolchai, Ganjana, additional, Limmathurotsakul, Direk, additional, Merlin, Toby L., additional, Mukhopadhyay, Chiranjay, additional, Norton, Robert, additional, Peacock, Sharon J., additional, Rolim, Dionne B., additional, Simpson, Andrew J., additional, Steinmetz, Ivo, additional, Stoddard, Robyn A., additional, Stokes, Martha M., additional, Sue, David, additional, Tuanyok, Apichai, additional, Whistler, Toni, additional, Wuthiekanun, Vanaporn, additional, and Walke, Henry T., additional

Published
2015
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13. Incidence and Etiology of Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Hospitalized Children Younger Than 5 Years in Rural Thailand

Author

Hasan, Reem, primary, Rhodes, Julia, additional, Thamthitiwat, Somsak, additional, Olsen, Sonja J., additional, Prapasiri, Prabda, additional, Naorat, Sathapana, additional, Chittaganpitch, Malinee, additional, Henchaichon, Sununta, additional, Dejsirilert, Surang, additional, Srisaengchai, Prasong, additional, Sawatwong, Pongpun, additional, Jorakate, Possawat, additional, Kaewpan, Anek, additional, Fry, Alicia M., additional, Erdman, Dean, additional, Chuananon, Somchai, additional, Amornintapichet, Tussanee, additional, Maloney, Susan A., additional, and Baggett, Henry C., additional

Published
2014
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14. Pneumococcal Bacteremia Requiring Hospitalization in Rural Thailand: An Update on Incidence, Clinical Characteristics, Serotype Distribution, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility, 2005–2010

Author

Rhodes, Julia, primary, Dejsirilert, Surang, additional, Maloney, Susan A., additional, Jorakate, Possawat, additional, Kaewpan, Anek, additional, Salika, Prasert, additional, Akarachotpong, Thantapat, additional, Prapasiri, Prabda, additional, Naorat, Sathapana, additional, Areerat, Peera, additional, Ruayajin, Asadang, additional, Sawanpanyalert, Pathom, additional, Akarasewi, Pasakorn, additional, Peruski, Leonard F., additional, and Baggett, Henry C., additional

Published
2013
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15. Survey ofLegionellaSpecies Found in Thai Soil

Author

Travis, Tatiana C., primary, Brown, Ellen W., additional, Peruski, Leonard F., additional, Siludjai, Duangkamon, additional, Jorakate, Possawat, additional, Salika, Prasert, additional, Yang, Genyan, additional, Kozak, Natalia A., additional, Kodani, Maja, additional, Warner, Agnes K., additional, Lucas, Claressa E., additional, Thurman, Kathleen A., additional, Winchell, Jonas M., additional, Thamthitiwat, Somsak, additional, and Fields, Barry S., additional

Published
2012
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16. Incidence of Bacteremic Melioidosis in Eastern and Northeastern Thailand

Author

Bhengsri, Saithip, primary, Peruski, Leonard F., additional, Baggett, Henry C., additional, Tanwisaid, Kittisak, additional, Jorakate, Possawat, additional, Kaewpan, Anek, additional, Salika, Prasert, additional, Naorat, Sathapana, additional, Dejsirilert, Surang, additional, Chantra, Somrak, additional, Prapasiri, Prabda, additional, Maloney, Susan A., additional, and Thamthitiwat, Somsak, additional

Published
2011
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17. Antibiotic Use in Thailand: Quantifying Impact on Blood Culture Yield and Estimates of Pneumococcal Bacteremia Incidence

Author

Rhodes, Julia, primary, Peruski, Leonard F., additional, Tanwisaid, Kittisak, additional, Olsen, Sonja J., additional, Jorakate, Possawat, additional, Thamthitiwat, Somsak, additional, Hyder, Joseph A., additional, Baggett, Henry C., additional, Chantra, Somrak, additional, Dejsirilert, Surang, additional, Fisher, Cindy, additional, Maloney, Susan A., additional, Dowell, Scott F., additional, and Kaewpan, Anek, additional

Published
2010
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18. Contribution of the BacT/Alert MB MycobacteriumBottle to Bloodstream Infection Surveillance in Thailand: Added Yield for Burkholderia pseudomallei

Author

Jorakate, Possawat, Higdon, Melissa, Kaewpan, Anek, Makprasert, Sirirat, Yuenprakhon, Somkhit, Tawisaid, Kittisak, Dejsirilert, Surang, Whistler, Toni, and Baggett, Henry C.

Abstract

ABSTRACTCommunity-acquired bloodstream infections cause substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide, but microbiology capacity and surveillance limitations have challenged good descriptions of pathogen distribution in many regions, including Southeast Asia. Active surveillance for bloodstream infections has been conducted in two rural Thailand provinces for >7 years. Blood specimens were divided into two culture bottles, one optimized for aerobic growth (F bottle) and a second for enhanced growth of mycobacteria (MB bottle), and processed with the BactT/Alert 3D system. Because the routine use of MB culture bottles is resource intensive (expensive and requires prolonged incubation), we assessed the added yield of MB bottles by comparing the proportion of pathogens detected by MB versus that by F bottles from 2005 to 2012. Of 63,066 blood cultures, 7,296 (12%) were positive for at least one pathogen; the most common pathogens were Escherichia coli(28%), Burkholderia pseudomallei(11%), Klebsiella pneumoniae(9%), and Staphylococcus aureus(6%). Two bottles improved the yield overall, but the added yield attributable to the MB bottles was limited to a few pathogens. In addition to the detection of mycobacteria and some fungi, MB bottles improved the detection of B. pseudomallei(27% [MB] versus 8% [F]; P< 0.0001), with added benefit if therapy was initiated prior to the blood culture. The targeted use of MB bottles is warranted for patients at risk for mycobacterial and fungal infections and for infection with B. pseudomallei, a common cause of septicemia in Thailand.

Published
2014
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19. Survey of Legionella Species Found in Thai Soil.

Author

Travis, Tatiana C., Brown, Ellen W., Peruski, Leonard F., Siludjai, Duangkamon, Jorakate, Possawat, Salika, Prasert, Genyan Yang, Kozak, Natalia A., Kodani, Maja, Warner, Agnes K., Lucas, Claressa E., Thurman, Kathleen A., Winchell, Jonas M., Thamthitiwat, Somsak, and Fields, Barry S.

Subjects
LEGIONELLA, GRAM-negative bacteria, FRESHWATER microbiology, SOIL microbiology, AEROSOLS, LEGIONNAIRES' disease, FOLLOW-up studies (Medicine)
Abstract

Members of the Gram-negative genus Legionella are typically found in freshwater environments, with the exception of L. longbeachae, which is present in composts and potting mixes. When contaminated aerosols are inhaled, legionellosis may result, typically as either the more serious pneumonia Legionnaires' disease or the less severe flu-like illness Pontiac fever. It is presumed that all species of the genus Legionella are capable of causing disease in humans. As a followup to a prior clinical study of legionellosis in rural Thailand, indigenous soil samples were collected proximal to cases' homes and workplaces and tested for the presence of legionellae by culture. We obtained 115 isolates from 22/39 soil samples and used sequence-based methods to identify 12 known species of Legionella represented by 87 isolates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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20. Microscopic Analysis and Quality Assessment of Induced Sputum From Children With Pneumonia in the PERCH Study.

Author

Murdoch DR, Morpeth SC, Hammitt LL, Driscoll AJ, Watson NL, Baggett HC, Brooks WA, Deloria Knoll M, Feikin DR, Kotloff KL, Levine OS, Madhi SA, O'Brien KL, Scott JAG, Thea DM, Ahmed D, Awori JO, DeLuca AN, Ebruke BE, Higdon MM, Jorakate P, Karron RA, Kazungu S, Kwenda G, Hossain L, Makprasert S, Moore DP, Mudau A, Mwaba J, Panchalingam S, Park DE, Prosperi C, Salaudeen R, Toure A, Zeger SL, and Howie SRC

Subjects
Bacteria isolation & purification, Bacteria ultrastructure, Child Health, Child, Preschool, Community-Acquired Infections diagnosis, Community-Acquired Infections etiology, Epithelial Cells ultrastructure, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Neutrophils ultrastructure, Pneumonia, Bacterial microbiology, Respiratory Tract Infections diagnosis, Respiratory Tract Infections microbiology, Saliva cytology, Saliva microbiology, Specimen Handling, Pneumonia diagnosis, Pneumonia etiology, Pneumonia microbiology, Pneumonia, Bacterial diagnosis, Sputum cytology, Sputum microbiology
Abstract

Background.: It is standard practice for laboratories to assess the cellular quality of expectorated sputum specimens to check that they originated from the lower respiratory tract. The presence of low numbers of squamous epithelial cells (SECs) and high numbers of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells are regarded as indicative of a lower respiratory tract specimen. However, these quality ratings have never been evaluated for induced sputum specimens from children with suspected pneumonia., Methods.: We evaluated induced sputum Gram stain smears and cultures from hospitalized children aged 1-59 months enrolled in a large study of community-acquired pneumonia. We hypothesized that a specimen representative of the lower respiratory tract will contain smaller quantities of oropharyngeal flora and be more likely to have a predominance of potential pathogens compared to a specimen containing mainly saliva. The prevalence of potential pathogens cultured from induced sputum specimens and quantity of oropharyngeal flora were compared for different quantities of SECs and PMNs., Results.: Of 3772 induced sputum specimens, 2608 (69%) had <10 SECs per low-power field (LPF) and 2350 (62%) had >25 PMNs per LPF, measures traditionally associated with specimens from the lower respiratory tract in adults. Using isolation of low quantities of oropharyngeal flora and higher prevalence of potential pathogens as markers of higher quality, <10 SECs per LPF (but not >25 PMNs per LPF) was the microscopic variable most associated with high quality of induced sputum., Conclusions.: Quantity of SECs may be a useful quality measure of induced sputum from young children with pneumonia., (© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.)

Published
2017
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