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Abstract Background Hemifacial microsomia is characterized by the hypoplasia of the mandible and temporomandibular joint, involving a variety of abnormalities of the craniofacial area. Since it gradually worsens as patients grow, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of facial bone growth and facial deformity in hemifacial microsomia patients in order to determine appropriate treatment timing and treatment methods. Main body Appropriate classification of hemifacial microsomia would facilitate accurate diagnosis, selection of treatment methods, and prognosis prediction. Therefore, in this article, we review previously published hemifacial microsomia classification and provide an overview of the growth of the facial skeleton and the characteristics of hemifacial microsomia-related facial deformities. The OMENS system is the most comprehensive classification method based on the characteristics of hemifacial microsomia deformity, but it needs to be improved to include malar/midface abnormalities and nerve involvement. In hemifacial microsomia, growth is progressing on the affected side, but to a lesser degree than the unaffected side. Therefore, surgical intervention in growing patients should be performed selectively according to the severity of deformity. Conclusion Understanding growth patterns is important to develop appropriate treatment protocols for correcting asymmetry in adult patients and to minimize secondary anomalies in growing patients.

Background: Sugammadex reverses rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade quickly and effectively. Herein, we compared the efficacy of sugammadex and pyridostigmine in the reversal of rocuronium-induced light block or minimal block in pediatric patients scheduled for elective entropion surgery. Methods: A prospective randomized study was conducted in 60 pediatric patients aged 2–11 years who were scheduled for entropion surgery under sevoflurane anesthesia. Neuromuscular blockade was achieved by administration of 0.6 mg/kg rocuronium and assessed using the train-of-four (TOF) technique. Patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups receiving either sugammadex 2 mg/kg or pyridostigmine 0.2 mg/kg and glycopyrrolate 0.01 mg/kg at the end of surgery. Primary outcomes were time from administration of reversal agents to TOF ratio 0.9 and TOF ratio 1.0. Time from the administration of reversal agents to extubation and postoperative adverse events were also recorded. Results: There were no significant differences in the demographic variables. Time from the administration of reversal agents to TOF ratio 0.9 and TOF ratio 1.0 were significantly shorter in the sugammadex group than in the pyridostigmine plus glycopyrrolate group: 1.30 ± 0.84 vs. 3.53 ± 2.73 min (P < 0.001) and 2.75 ± 1.00 vs. 5.73 ± 2.83 min (P < 0.001), respectively. Extubation time was shorter in the sugammadex group. Adverse events, such as skin rash, nausea, vomiting, and postoperative residual neuromuscular blockade (airway obstruction), were not statistically different between the two groups. Conclusions: Sugammadex provided more rapid reversal of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade in pediatric patients undergoing surgery than did pyridostigmine plus glycopyrrolate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]