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2. A continuous-time state-space model for rapid quality-control of Argos locations from animal-borne tags

Author

Jonsen, Ian D., Patterson, Toby A., Costa, Daniel P., Doherty, Philip D., Godley, Brendan J., Grecian, W. James, Guinet, Christophe, Hoenner, Xavier, Kienle, Sarah S., Robison, Patrick W., Votier, Stephen C., Witt, Matthew J., Hindell, Mark A., Harcourt, Robert G., and McMahon, Clive R.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods, Statistics - Applications
Abstract

State-space models are important tools for quality control of error-prone animal movement data. The near real-time (within 24 h) capability of the Argos satellite system aids dynamic ocean management of human activities by informing when animals enter intensive use zones. This capability also facilitates use of ocean observations from animal-borne sensors in operational ocean forecasting models. Such near real-time data provision requires rapid, reliable quality control to deal with error-prone Argos locations. We formulate a continuous-time state-space model for the three types of Argos location data (Least-Squares, Kalman filter, and Kalman smoother), accounting for irregular timing of observations. Our model is deliberately simple to ensure speed and reliability for automated, near real-time quality control of Argos data. We validate the model by fitting to Argos data collected from 61 individuals across 7 marine vertebrates and compare model-estimated locations to GPS locations. Estimation accuracy varied among species with median Root Mean Squared Errors usually < 5 km and decreased with increasing data sampling rate and precision of Argos locations. Including a model parameter to inflate Argos error ellipse sizes resulted in more accurate location estimates. In some cases, the model appreciably improved the accuracy of the Argos Kalman smoother locations, which should not be possible if the smoother uses all available information. Our model provides quality-controlled locations from Argos Least-Squares or Kalman filter data with slightly better accuracy than Argos Kalman smoother data that are only available via reprocessing. Simplicity and ease of use make the model suitable both for automated quality control of near real-time Argos data and for manual use by researchers working with historical Argos data., Comment: 25 pages, 10 figures

Published
2020
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3. Tracking of marine predators to protect Southern Ocean ecosystems

Author

Hindell, Mark A, Reisinger, Ryan R, Ropert-Coudert, Yan, Hückstädt, Luis A, Trathan, Philip N, Bornemann, Horst, Charrassin, Jean-Benoît, Chown, Steven L, Costa, Daniel P, Danis, Bruno, Lea, Mary-Anne, Thompson, David, Torres, Leigh G, Van de Putte, Anton P, Alderman, Rachael, Andrews-Goff, Virginia, Arthur, Ben, Ballard, Grant, Bengtson, John, Bester, Marthán N, Blix, Arnoldus Schytte, Boehme, Lars, Bost, Charles-André, Boveng, Peter, Cleeland, Jaimie, Constantine, Rochelle, Corney, Stuart, Crawford, Robert JM, Dalla Rosa, Luciano, de Bruyn, PJ Nico, Delord, Karine, Descamps, Sébastien, Double, Mike, Emmerson, Louise, Fedak, Mike, Friedlaender, Ari, Gales, Nick, Goebel, Michael E, Goetz, Kimberly T, Guinet, Christophe, Goldsworthy, Simon D, Harcourt, Rob, Hinke, Jefferson T, Jerosch, Kerstin, Kato, Akiko, Kerry, Knowles R, Kirkwood, Roger, Kooyman, Gerald L, Kovacs, Kit M, Lawton, Kieran, Lowther, Andrew D, Lydersen, Christian, Lyver, Phil O’B, Makhado, Azwianewi B, Márquez, Maria EI, McDonald, Birgitte I, McMahon, Clive R, Muelbert, Monica, Nachtsheim, Dominik, Nicholls, Keith W, Nordøy, Erling S, Olmastroni, Silvia, Phillips, Richard A, Pistorius, Pierre, Plötz, Joachim, Pütz, Klemens, Ratcliffe, Norman, Ryan, Peter G, Santos, Mercedes, Southwell, Colin, Staniland, Iain, Takahashi, Akinori, Tarroux, Arnaud, Trivelpiece, Wayne, Wakefield, Ewan, Weimerskirch, Henri, Wienecke, Barbara, Xavier, José C, Wotherspoon, Simon, Jonsen, Ian D, and Raymond, Ben

Subjects
Life Below Water, Climate Action, Animal Identification Systems, Animals, Antarctic Regions, Aquatic Organisms, Biodiversity, Birds, Climate Change, Conservation of Natural Resources, Ecosystem, Fishes, Food Chain, Ice Cover, Mammals, Oceans and Seas, Population Dynamics, Predatory Behavior, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Southern Ocean ecosystems are under pressure from resource exploitation and climate change1,2. Mitigation requires the identification and protection of Areas of Ecological Significance (AESs), which have so far not been determined at the ocean-basin scale. Here, using assemblage-level tracking of marine predators, we identify AESs for this globally important region and assess current threats and protection levels. Integration of more than 4,000 tracks from 17 bird and mammal species reveals AESs around sub-Antarctic islands in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and over the Antarctic continental shelf. Fishing pressure is disproportionately concentrated inside AESs, and climate change over the next century is predicted to impose pressure on these areas, particularly around the Antarctic continent. At present, 7.1% of the ocean south of 40°S is under formal protection, including 29% of the total AESs. The establishment and regular revision of networks of protection that encompass AESs are needed to provide long-term mitigation of growing pressures on Southern Ocean ecosystems.

Published
2020

4. The retrospective analysis of Antarctic tracking data project.

Author

Ropert-Coudert, Yan, Van de Putte, Anton P, Reisinger, Ryan R, Bornemann, Horst, Charrassin, Jean-Benoît, Costa, Daniel P, Danis, Bruno, Hückstädt, Luis A, Jonsen, Ian D, Lea, Mary-Anne, Thompson, David, Torres, Leigh G, Trathan, Philip N, Wotherspoon, Simon, Ainley, David G, Alderman, Rachael, Andrews-Goff, Virginia, Arthur, Ben, Ballard, Grant, Bengtson, John, Bester, Marthán N, Blix, Arnoldus Schytte, Boehme, Lars, Bost, Charles-André, Boveng, Peter, Cleeland, Jaimie, Constantine, Rochelle, Crawford, Robert JM, Dalla Rosa, Luciano, Nico de Bruyn, PJ, Delord, Karine, Descamps, Sébastien, Double, Mike, Emmerson, Louise, Fedak, Mike, Friedlaender, Ari, Gales, Nick, Goebel, Mike, Goetz, Kimberly T, Guinet, Christophe, Goldsworthy, Simon D, Harcourt, Rob, Hinke, Jefferson T, Jerosch, Kerstin, Kato, Akiko, Kerry, Knowles R, Kirkwood, Roger, Kooyman, Gerald L, Kovacs, Kit M, Lawton, Kieran, Lowther, Andrew D, Lydersen, Christian, Lyver, Phil O'B, Makhado, Azwianewi B, Márquez, Maria EI, McDonald, Birgitte I, McMahon, Clive R, Muelbert, Monica, Nachtsheim, Dominik, Nicholls, Keith W, Nordøy, Erling S, Olmastroni, Silvia, Phillips, Richard A, Pistorius, Pierre, Plötz, Joachim, Pütz, Klemens, Ratcliffe, Norman, Ryan, Peter G, Santos, Mercedes, Southwell, Colin, Staniland, Iain, Takahashi, Akinori, Tarroux, Arnaud, Trivelpiece, Wayne, Wakefield, Ewan, Weimerskirch, Henri, Wienecke, Barbara, Xavier, José C, Raymond, Ben, and Hindell, Mark A

Abstract

The Retrospective Analysis of Antarctic Tracking Data (RAATD) is a Scientific Committee for Antarctic Research project led jointly by the Expert Groups on Birds and Marine Mammals and Antarctic Biodiversity Informatics, and endorsed by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. RAATD consolidated tracking data for multiple species of Antarctic meso- and top-predators to identify Areas of Ecological Significance. These datasets and accompanying syntheses provide a greater understanding of fundamental ecosystem processes in the Southern Ocean, support modelling of predator distributions under future climate scenarios and create inputs that can be incorporated into decision making processes by management authorities. In this data paper, we present the compiled tracking data from research groups that have worked in the Antarctic since the 1990s. The data are publicly available through biodiversity.aq and the Ocean Biogeographic Information System. The archive includes tracking data from over 70 contributors across 12 national Antarctic programs, and includes data from 17 predator species, 4060 individual animals, and over 2.9 million observed locations.

Published
2020

7. Estimation and simulation of foraging trips in land-based marine predators

Author

Michelot, Théo, Langrock, Roland, Bestley, Sophie, Jonsen, Ian D., Photopoulou, Theoni, and Patterson, Toby A.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods, Statistics - Applications
Abstract

The behaviour of colony-based marine predators is the focus of much research globally. Large telemetry and tracking data sets have been collected for this group of animals, and are accompanied by many theoretical studies of optimal foraging strategies. However, relatively few studies have detailed statistical methods for inferring behaviours in central place foraging trips. In this paper we describe an approach based on hidden Markov models, which splits foraging trips into segments labelled as "outbound", "search", "forage", and "inbound". By structuring the hidden Markov model transition matrix appropriately, the model naturally handles the sequence of behaviours within a foraging trip. Additionally, by structuring the model in this way, we are able to develop realistic simulations from the fitted model. We demonstrate our approach on data from southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) tagged on Kerguelen Island in the Southern Ocean. We discuss the differences between our 4-state model and the widely used 2-state model, and the advantages and disadvantages of employing a more complex model.

Published
2016

8. State-space models' dirty little secrets: even simple linear Gaussian models can have estimation problems

Author

Auger-Méthé, Marie, Field, Chris, Albertsen, Christoffer M., Derocher, Andrew E., Lewis, Mark A., Jonsen, Ian D., and Flemming, Joanna Mills

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods, Statistics - Applications
Abstract

State-space models (SSMs) are increasingly used in ecology to model time-series such as animal movement paths and population dynamics. This type of hierarchical model is often structured to account for two levels of variability: biological stochasticity and measurement error. SSMs are flexible. They can model linear and nonlinear processes using a variety of statistical distributions. Recent ecological SSMs are often complex, with a large number of parameters to estimate. Through a simulation study, we show that even simple linear Gaussian SSMs can suffer from parameter- and state-estimation problems. We demonstrate that these problems occur primarily when measurement error is larger than biological stochasticity, the condition that often drives ecologists to use SSMs. Using an animal movement example, we show how these estimation problems can affect ecological inference. Biased parameter estimates of a SSM describing the movement of polar bears (\textit{Ursus maritimus}) result in overestimating their energy expenditure. We suggest potential solutions, but show that it often remains difficult to estimate parameters. While SSMs are powerful tools, they can give misleading results and we urge ecologists to assess whether the parameters can be estimated accurately before drawing ecological conclusions from their results.

Published
2015
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20. Linking movement and dive data to prey distribution models: new insights in foraging behaviour and potential pitfalls of movement analyses

Author

Florko, Katie R.N., primary, Shuert, Courtney R., additional, Cheung, William W.L., additional, Ferguson, Steven H., additional, Jonsen, Ian D., additional, Rosen, David A.S., additional, Sumaila, U. Rashid, additional, Tai, Travis C., additional, Yurkowski, David J., additional, and Auger-Méthé, Marie, additional

Published
2022
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22. Predator-derived bioregions in the Southern Ocean: Characteristics, drivers and representation in marine protected areas

Author

Reisinger, Ryan R., primary, Brooks, Cassandra M., additional, Raymond, Ben, additional, Freer, Jennifer J., additional, Cotté, Cédric, additional, Xavier, José C., additional, Trathan, Philip N., additional, Bornemann, Horst, additional, Charrassin, Jean-Benoit, additional, Costa, Daniel P., additional, Danis, Bruno, additional, Hückstädt, Luis, additional, Jonsen, Ian D., additional, Lea, Mary-Anne, additional, Torres, Leigh, additional, Van de Putte, Anton, additional, Wotherspoon, Simon, additional, Friedlaender, Ari S., additional, Ropert-Coudert, Yan, additional, and Hindell, Mark, additional

Published
2022
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25. Predator-derived bioregions in the Southern Ocean: Characteristics, drivers and representation in marine protected areas

Author

Reisinger, Ryan R., Brooks, Cassandra M., Raymond, Ben, Freer, Jennifer J., Cotté, Cédric, Xavier, José C., Trathan, Philip N., Bornemann, Horst, Charrassin, Jean-Benoit, Costa, Daniel P., Danis, Bruno, Hückstädt, Luis, Jonsen, Ian D., Lea, Mary-Anne, Torres, Leigh, Van de Putte, Anton, Wotherspoon, Simon, Friedlaender, Ari S., Ropert-Coudert, Yan, Hindell, Mark, Reisinger, Ryan R., Brooks, Cassandra M., Raymond, Ben, Freer, Jennifer J., Cotté, Cédric, Xavier, José C., Trathan, Philip N., Bornemann, Horst, Charrassin, Jean-Benoit, Costa, Daniel P., Danis, Bruno, Hückstädt, Luis, Jonsen, Ian D., Lea, Mary-Anne, Torres, Leigh, Van de Putte, Anton, Wotherspoon, Simon, Friedlaender, Ari S., Ropert-Coudert, Yan, and Hindell, Mark

Abstract

Multiple initiatives have called for large-scale representative networks of marine protected areas (MPAs). MPAs should be ecologically representative to be effective, but in large, remote regions this can be difficult to quantify and assess. We present a novel bioregionalization for the Southern Ocean, which uses the modelled circumpolar habitat importance of 17 marine bird and mammal species. The habitat-use of these predators indicates biodiversity patterns that require representation in Southern Ocean conservation and management planning. In the predator habitat importance predictions, we identified 17 statistical clusters, falling into four larger groups. We characterized and contrasted these clusters based on their predator, prey and oceanographic characteristics. Under the existing Southern Ocean MPA network, some clusters fall short of 10 % representation, yet others meet or exceed these targets. Implementation of currently proposed MPAs can in some cases contribute to meeting even 30 % spatial coverage conservation targets. However, the effectiveness of mixed-use versus no-take MPAs should be taken into consideration, since some clusters are not adequately represented by no-take MPAs. These results, combined with previous studies in the Southern Ocean, can help inform the continued design, implementation, and evaluation of a representative system of MPAs for Southern Ocean conservation and management.

Published
2022

26. Tracking the fidelity of Atlantic bluefin tuna released in Canadian waters to the Gulf of Mexico spawning grounds

Author

Wilson, Steven G., Jonsen, Ian D., Schallert, Robert J., Ganong, James E., Castleton, Michael R., Spares, Aaron D., Boustany, Andre M., Stokesbury, Michael J.W., and Block, Barbara A.

Subjects
Bluefin tuna -- Analysis -- Physiological aspects -- Distribution, Fish populations, Earth sciences
Abstract

The objective of this study was to advance the use of pop-up satellite archival tags to track the migrations of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) to their spawning grounds. Deployment of tags occurred in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada, during fall months from 2007 to 2013. Pop-up satellite archival tags (n = 135) were attached to 125 Atlantic bluefin tuna (curved fork length (CFL) = 268 ± 20 cm (mean ± SD)) with the objective of keeping tags on until visitation to a spawning area or longer. A dataset of 18 800 days was acquired, which included 5800 days of time-series data from 19 recovered satellite tags. Many Atlantic bluefin tuna visited the Gulf of Mexico spawning grounds (74%), the mean size of which was 275 ± 14 cm (CFL ± SD, n = 49), with a measured CFL of 243 to 302 cm. These fish had a mean entry date into the Gulf of Mexico of 14 January ± 42 days (SD). The mean residency period for fish that had tracks with entrance and exit from the Gulf of Mexico was 123 ± 49 days (SD) (n = 22). Atlantic bluefin tuna that moved into the Gulf of Mexico during the spawning season remained west of the 45°W meridian for the duration of the track. Electronic tagging datasets from two fish were obtained before, during, and after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Both fish utilized habitat in the vicinity of the Macondo Well on 20 April 2010 when the Deepwater Horizon oil drilling rig accident occurred. Spawning hotspots are identified in the Gulf of Mexico using kernel density analyses and compared with the newly established closed areas. L'etude a pour but de favoriser l'utilisation d'etiquettes satellites autodetachables pour suivre la migration des thons rouges de l'Atlantique (Thunnus thynnus) vers leurs lieux de frai. Un deploiement d'etiquettes a eu lieu dans le golfe du Saint-Laurent (Canada) durant les mois d'automne de 2007 a 2013. Les etiquettes satellites autodetachables (n = 135) ont ete fixees a 125 thons rouges de l'Atlantique (longueur courbee a la fourche moyenne: 268 ± 20 cm, ET) en prevision qu'elles restent fixees jusqu'a la visite d'un lieude frai ouplus longtemps. Un ensemble de donnees couvrant 18 800 jours a ete obtenu, dont 5800 jours de donnees en series chronologiques obtenues de 19 etiquettes satellites recuperees. De nombreux thons rouges de l'Atlantique ont visite la zone de frai du golfe du Mexique (74%) et avaient une taille moyenne de 275 ± 14 cm (LCF ± ET, n = 49), les LCF mesurees allant de 243 cm a 302 cm. La date d'entree moyenne dans le golfe du Mexique de ces poissons etait le 14 janvier ± 42 jours (ET). La periode de residence moyenne pour les poissons dont les parcours comprenaient l'entree et la sortie du golfe du Mexique etait de 123 ± 49 jours (ET) (n = 22). Les thons rouges qui entraient dans le golfe du Mexique durant la periode de frai sont demeures a l'ouest du meridien 45°O pour la duree de la periode de suivi. Des donnees electroniques de marquage de deux poissons ont ete obtenues avant, durant et apres le deversement de petrole de Deepwater Horizon. Ces deux poissons utilisaient des habitats a proximite du puits Macondo, le 20 avril 2010, quand l'accident de la plateforme de forage Deepwater Horizon s'est produit. Des points chauds de frai ont ete cernes dans le golfe du Mexique a l'aide d'analyses de la densite des noyaux et ont ete compares aux zones fermees a la peche nouvellement etablies. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) is a large (>650 kg) and long-lived Thunnus species that has a range that extends throughout the North Atlantic, from North America to coastal [...]

Published
2015
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28. Supplementary Figures S1-S3 from Environmental drivers of population-level variation in the migratory and diving ontogeny of an Arctic top predator

Author

Grecian, W. James, Stenson, Garry B., Biuw, Martin, Boehme, Lars, Folkow, Lars P., Goulet, Pierre J., Jonsen, Ian D., Malde, Aleksander, Nord��y, Erling S., Rosing-Asvid, Aqqalu, and Smout, Sophie

Subjects
human activities
Abstract

The development of migratory strategies that enable juveniles to survive to sexual maturity is critical for species that exploit seasonal niches. For animals that forage via breath-hold diving, this requires a combination of both physiological and foraging skill development. Here, we assess how migratory and dive behaviour develop over the first year of life for a migratory Arctic top predator, the harp seal Pagophilus groenlandicus, tracked using animal-borne satellite relay data loggers. We reveal similarities in migratory movements and differences in diving behaviour between 38 juveniles tracked from the Greenland Sea and Northwest Atlantic breeding populations. In both regions, periods of resident and transitory behaviour during migration were associated with proxies for food availability: sea ice concentration and bathymetric depth. However, while ontogenetic development of dive behaviour was similar for both populations of juveniles over the first 25 days, after this time Greenland Sea animals performed shorter and shallower dives and were more closely associated with sea ice than Northwest Atlantic animals. Together, these results highlight the role of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors in shaping early life behaviour. Variation in the environmental conditions experienced during early life may shape how different populations respond to the rapid changes occurring in the Arctic ocean ecosystem.

Published
2022
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34. Regional Variation in Winter Foraging Strategies by Weddell Seals in Eastern Antarctica and the Ross Sea

Author

Harcourt, Rob, primary, Hindell, Mark A., additional, McMahon, Clive R., additional, Goetz, Kimberly T., additional, Charrassin, Jean-Benoit, additional, Heerah, Karine, additional, Holser, Rachel, additional, Jonsen, Ian D., additional, Shero, Michelle R., additional, Hoenner, Xavier, additional, Foster, Rose, additional, Lenting, Baukje, additional, Tarszisz, Esther, additional, and Pinkerton, Matthew Harry, additional

Published
2021
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35. Contrasting decadal trends in mortality between large and small individuals in skate populations in Atlantic Canada

Author

Swain, Douglas P., Jonsen, Ian D., Simon, James E., and Davies, Trevor D.

Subjects
Population biology -- Research, Mortality -- Forecasts and trends, Skates (Fishes) -- Environmental aspects -- Distribution -- Health aspects, Fish populations -- Environmental aspects -- Health aspects -- Distribution, Rajiformes -- Environmental aspects -- Distribution -- Health aspects, Market trend/market analysis, Company distribution practices, Earth sciences
Abstract

Mature thorny (Amblyraja radiata), winter (Leucoraja ocellata), and smooth (Malacoraja senta) skates have declined to very low abundance in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence (SGSL) and on the eastern Scotian Shelf (ESS). We used stage-structured state-space models to examine decadal patterns in mortality rates in these skates. Mortality at early life stages (embryos in egg cases, hatchlings, and (or) small juveniles) appeared to decrease between the 1970s and the 2000s. In contrast, estimated mortality rates increased for larger individuals over this period. Although potentially confounded in models with effects of any changes in juvenile growth, the estimated increases in mortality could not instead be attributed solely to changes in growth. Increases in the mortality of large individuals appeared to reflect increases in natural mortality, possibly due to predation by grey seals. Increases in natural mortality were not evident for skates on the neighbouring western Scotian Shelf, where grey seal abundance has remained lower. Even in the absence of fishing, recovery of skates is unlikely under current ecosystem conditions in the SGSL and on the ESS. Les raies epineuses (Amblyraja radiata), tachetees (Leucoraja ocellata) et a queue de velours (Malacoraja senta) matures sont devenues tres peu abondantes dans le sud du golfe du Saint-Laurent (SGSL) et l'est du plateau neo-ecossais (ESS). Nous avons utilise des modeles d'espaces d'etats structures selon les etapes du cycle de vie afin d'examiner les patrons decennaux des taux de mortalite chez ces raies. La mortalite durant les premieres etapes du cycle de vie (embryons dans les capsules d'oeufs, alevins vesicules et petits juveniles) semble diminuer entre les annees 1970 et les annees 2000. En revanche, pour les individus plus grands, les taux de mortalite estimes ont augmente au cours de cette periode. Si, dans les modeles, les augmentations estimees de la mortalite peuvent potentiellement se confondre avec les effets de changements de la croissance des juveniles, elles ne peuvent toutefois etre entierement attribuees a de tels changements. Les augmentations de la mortalite des grands individus semblent refleter des augmentations de la mortalite naturelle possiblement dues a la predation par les phoques gris. Aucune augmentation claire de la mortalite naturelle n'a ete notee pour les raies de la partie ouest du plateau neo-ecossais, ou l'abondance des phoques gris est demeuree plus faible. Meme en l'absence de peche, un retablissement des raies est peu probable dans les conditions ecosystemiques actuelles dans le SGSL et le ESS. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Elasmobranch fishes, especially the larger species, are considered to be among the most vulnerable fishes to exploitation because of their life-history characteristics, in particular late maturation, large adult size, [...]

Published
2013
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36. A standardisation framework for bio-logging data to advance ecological research and conservation

Author

The Pew Charitable Trusts, Harvard University, Sequeira, Ana M. M., O'Toole, Malcolm, Keates, Theresa R., McDonnell, Laura H, Braun, Camrin D., Hoenner, Xavier, Jaine, Fabrice R. A., Jonsen, Ian D., Newman, Peggy, Pye, Jonathan, Bograd, Steven J., Hays, Graeme C., Hazen, Elliott L., Holland, Melinda, Tsontos, Vardis M., Blight, Clint, Cagnacci, Francesca, Davidson, Sarah C., Dettki, Holger, Duarte, Carlos M., Dunn, Daniel C., Eguíluz, Víctor M., Fedak, Michael, Gleiss, Adrian C., Hammerschlag, Neil, Hindell, Mark A., Holland, Kim, Janekovic, Ivica, McKinzie, Megan K., Muelbert, Monica M. C., Pattiaratchi, Chari, Rutz, Christian, Sims, David W., Simmons, Samantha E., Townsend, Brendal, Whoriskey, Frederick, Woodward, Bill, Costa, Daniel P., Heupel, Michelle R., McMahon, Clive R., Harcourt, Rob, Weise, Michael, The Pew Charitable Trusts, Harvard University, Sequeira, Ana M. M., O'Toole, Malcolm, Keates, Theresa R., McDonnell, Laura H, Braun, Camrin D., Hoenner, Xavier, Jaine, Fabrice R. A., Jonsen, Ian D., Newman, Peggy, Pye, Jonathan, Bograd, Steven J., Hays, Graeme C., Hazen, Elliott L., Holland, Melinda, Tsontos, Vardis M., Blight, Clint, Cagnacci, Francesca, Davidson, Sarah C., Dettki, Holger, Duarte, Carlos M., Dunn, Daniel C., Eguíluz, Víctor M., Fedak, Michael, Gleiss, Adrian C., Hammerschlag, Neil, Hindell, Mark A., Holland, Kim, Janekovic, Ivica, McKinzie, Megan K., Muelbert, Monica M. C., Pattiaratchi, Chari, Rutz, Christian, Sims, David W., Simmons, Samantha E., Townsend, Brendal, Whoriskey, Frederick, Woodward, Bill, Costa, Daniel P., Heupel, Michelle R., McMahon, Clive R., Harcourt, Rob, and Weise, Michael

Abstract

Bio-logging data obtained by tagging animals are key to addressing global conservation challenges. However, the many thousands of existing bio-logging datasets are not easily discoverable, universally comparable, nor readily accessible through existing repositories and across platforms, slowing down ecological research and effective management. A set of universal standards is needed to ensure discoverability, interoperability and effective translation of bio-logging data into research and management recommendations. We propose a standardisation framework adhering to existing data principles (FAIR: Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable; and TRUST: Transparency, Responsibility, User focus, Sustainability and Technology) and involving the use of simple templates to create a data flow from manufacturers and researchers to compliant repositories, where automated procedures should be in place to prepare data availability into four standardised levels: (a) decoded raw data, (b) curated data, (c) interpolated data and (d) gridded data. Our framework allows for integration of simple tabular arrays (e.g. csv files) and creation of sharable and interoperable network Common Data Form (netCDF) files containing all the needed information for accuracy-of-use, rightful attribution (ensuring data providers keep ownership through the entire process) and data preservation security. We show the standardisation benefits for all stakeholders involved, and illustrate the application of our framework by focusing on marine animals and by providing examples of the workflow across all data levels, including filled templates and code to process data between levels, as well as templates to prepare netCDF files ready for sharing. Adoption of our framework will facilitate collection of Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) in support of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) and inter-governmental assessments (e.g. the World Ocean Assessment), and will provide a starting point for broader

Published
2021

37. Killer whale movements on the Norwegian shelf are associated with herring density

Author

Vogel, Emma F., Biuw, Martin, Blanchet, Marie-Anne, Jonsen, Ian D., Mul, Evert, Johnsen, Espen, Hjøllo, Solfrid Sætre, Olsen, Morten Tange, Dietz, Rune, Rikardsen, Audun, Vogel, Emma F., Biuw, Martin, Blanchet, Marie-Anne, Jonsen, Ian D., Mul, Evert, Johnsen, Espen, Hjøllo, Solfrid Sætre, Olsen, Morten Tange, Dietz, Rune, and Rikardsen, Audun

Abstract

Killer whales Orcinus orca have a cosmopolitan distribution with a broad diet ranging from fish to marine mammals. In Norway, killer whales are regularly observed feeding on overwintering Norwegian spring-spawning (NSS) herring Clupea harengus inside the fjords. However, their offshore foraging behavior and distribution are less well understood. In particular, it is not known to what degree they rely on the NSS herring stock when the herring move to deeper offshore waters. Satellite telemetry data from 29 male killer whales were analyzed to assess whether their offshore foraging behavior is linked to herring distribution. Unlike most marine predator-prey studies that use indirect proxies for prey abundance and distribution, our study utilized 2 herring density estimates based on (1) direct observations from acoustic trawl survey data and (2) simulations from a fully coupled ecosystem model. Mixed effects models were used to infer the effect of herring density and light intensity on whale movement patterns. Our results suggest that killer whales follow NSS herring over long distances along the coast from their inshore overwintering areas to offshore spawning grounds. All whales changed from fast, directed, to slow, non-directed movement when herring density increased, although individuals had different propensities towards movement. Our data indicated that whales continue to feed on herring along the Norwegian shelf. We conclude that NSS herring constitute an important prey resource for at least some killer whales in the northeastern Atlantic, not only during the herring overwintering period, but also subsequently throughout the herring spawning migration.

Published
2021

38. Identifying nonproportionality of fishery-independent survey data to estimate population trends and assess recovery potential for cusk (Brosme brosme)

Author

Davies, Trevor D. and Jonsen, Ian D.

Subjects
Fish stocking -- Methods -- Models, Population biology -- Models -- Methods, Population declines -- Models -- Methods, Earth sciences
Abstract

Cusk (Brosme brosme) was designated as 'threatened' by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) in 2003, based on an estimated 93% decline between 1970 and 2001 from the Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) Scotian Shelf summer bottom trawl survey index. We combined this index with a fishery-dependent longline index in a Bayesian surplus production state-space model to estimate population trends and the recovery potential of western Scotian Shelf cusk. We tested for index nonproportionality using a power curve function in the observation model and identified potential hyperdepletion for cusk in the trawl survey index. We estimate a 59% decline in cusk biomass between 1970 and 2001, and a 64% decline from 1970 to 2007. Although population projections indicate the current landing limit should lead to population recovery, robustness tests suggest the biomass projections and recovery time lines are overly optimistic. Simulations showed that incorporating multiple indices increases power to recapture model parameters and failure to account for index nonproportionality results in biased parameter estimates. We suggest that nonproportionality of fishery-independent indices must be considered when determining the population status of data-poor species. Le brosme (Brosme brosme)aete designe espece menacee par le Comite sur la situation des especes en peril au Canada (COSEPAC/COSEWIC) en 2003 en se basant sur un declin estime de 93 % de 1970 a 2001 d'apres l'indice de l'inventaire par chalutage de fond en ete sur la plate-forme Neorecossaise de Peches et Oceans Canada (MPO/DFO). Nous combinons cet indice avec un indice base sur la peeche commerciale a la palangre dans un modele bayeesien etat-espace de production exceedentaire afin d'estimer les tendances de la population et le potentiel de recuperation des brosmes de l'ouest de la plate-forme Neo-ecossaise. Nous avons verifie l'absence de proportionnante de l'indice a l'aide d'une fonction de courbe de puissance dans le modele d'observation et avons decele un epuisement exagere dans l'indice base sur l'inventaire au chalut. Nous estimons un declin de 59 % de la biomasse des brosmes de 1970 a 2001 et un declin de 64 % de 1970 a 2007. Bien que les projections deemographiques indiquent que la limite actuelle des debarquements devrait permettre une recuperation de la population, des tests de robustesse montrent que les projections de biomasse et les echeanciers de recuperation sont trop optimistes. Des simulations revelent que l'incorporation de plusieurs indices augmente le pouvoir de recapture des parametres du modele et que la negligence de l'absence de proportionnante des indices entraine une erreur dans l'estimation des parametres. Nous suggerons qu'il est necessaire de tenir compte de l'absence de proportionnalite dans les indices indeependants de la pieche quand on determine le statut d'especes pour lesquelles on possede peu de donnees. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Fisheries stock assessments are frequently based on data intensive population dynamics models, and thus are generally limited to the target species of large-scale commercial fisheries (Davis 2002; Kelly and [...]

Published
2011
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39. A standardisation framework for bio‐logging data to advance ecological research and conservation

Author

Sequeira, Ana M. M., primary, O'Toole, Malcolm, additional, Keates, Theresa R., additional, McDonnell, Laura H., additional, Braun, Camrin D., additional, Hoenner, Xavier, additional, Jaine, Fabrice R. A., additional, Jonsen, Ian D., additional, Newman, Peggy, additional, Pye, Jonathan, additional, Bograd, Steven J., additional, Hays, Graeme C., additional, Hazen, Elliott L., additional, Holland, Melinda, additional, Tsontos, Vardis M., additional, Blight, Clint, additional, Cagnacci, Francesca, additional, Davidson, Sarah C., additional, Dettki, Holger, additional, Duarte, Carlos M., additional, Dunn, Daniel C., additional, Eguíluz, Victor M., additional, Fedak, Michael, additional, Gleiss, Adrian C., additional, Hammerschlag, Neil, additional, Hindell, Mark A., additional, Holland, Kim, additional, Janekovic, Ivica, additional, McKinzie, Megan K., additional, Muelbert, Mônica M. C., additional, Pattiaratchi, Chari, additional, Rutz, Christian, additional, Sims, David W., additional, Simmons, Samantha E., additional, Townsend, Brendal, additional, Whoriskey, Frederick, additional, Woodward, Bill, additional, Costa, Daniel P., additional, Heupel, Michelle R., additional, McMahon, Clive R., additional, Harcourt, Rob, additional, and Weise, Michael, additional

Published
2021
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41. The Retrospective Analysis of Antarctic Tracking Data from the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research

Author

Ropert-Coudert, Yan, Van de Putte, Anton P., Reisinger, Ryan R., Bornemann, Horst, Charrassin, Jean-Benoît, Costa, Daniel P., Danis, Bruno, Hückstädt, Luis A., Jonsen, Ian D., Lea, Mary-Anne, Thompson, David, Torres, Leigh G., Trathan, Philip N., Wotherspoon, Simon, Ainley, David G., Alderman, Rachael, Andrews-Goff, Virginia, Arthur, Ben, Ballard, Grant, Bengtson, John, Bester, Marthán N., Blix, Arnoldus Schytte, Boehme, Lars, Bost, Charles-André, Boveng, Peter, Cleeland, Jaimie, Constantine, Rochelle, Crawford, Robert J. M., Dalla Rosa, Luciano, Nico de Bruyn, P. J., Delord, Karine, Descamps, Sébastien, Double, Mike, Emmerson, Louise, Fedak, Mike, Friedlaender, Ari, Gales, Nick, Goebel, Mike, Goetz, Kimberly T., Guinet, Christophe, Goldsworthy, Simon D., Harcourt, Rob, Hinke, Jefferson T., Jerosch, Kerstin, Kato, Akiko, Kerry, Knowles R., Kirkwood, Roger, Kooyman, Gerald L., Kovacs, Kit M., Lawton, Kieran, Lowther, Andrew D., Lydersen, Christian, Lyver, Phil O’B., Makhado, Azwianewi B., Márquez, Maria E. I., McDonald, Birgitte I., McMahon, Clive R., Muelbert, Monica, Nachtsheim, Dominik, Nicholls, Keith W., Nordøy, Erling S., Olmastroni, Silvia, Phillips, Richard A., Pistorius, Pierre, Plötz, Joachim, Pütz, Klemens, Ratcliffe, Norman, Ryan, Peter G., Santos, Mercedes, Southwell, Colin, Staniland, Iain, Takahashi, Akinori, Tarroux, Arnaud, Trivelpiece, Wayne, Wakefield, Ewan, Weimerskirch, Henri, Wienecke, Barbara, Xavier, José C., Raymond, Ben, Hindell, Mark A., NERC, University of St Andrews. School of Biology, University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit, University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute, and University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland

Subjects
Statistics and Probability, GC, QH301 Biology, NERC, DAS, Library and Information Sciences, Computer Science Applications, Education, QH301, SDG 13 - Climate Action, GC Oceanography, QA Mathematics, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, QA, Information Systems
Abstract

The Retrospective Analysis of Antarctic Tracking Data (RAATD) is a Scientific Committee for Antarctic Research project led jointly by the Expert Groups on Birds and Marine Mammals and Antarctic Biodiversity Informatics, and endorsed by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. RAATD consolidated tracking data for multiple species of Antarctic meso- and top-predators to identify Areas of Ecological Significance. These datasets and accompanying syntheses provide a greater understanding of fundamental ecosystem processes in the Southern Ocean, support modelling of predator distributions under future climate scenarios and create inputs that can be incorporated into decision making processes by management authorities. In this data paper, we present the compiled tracking data from research groups that have worked in the Antarctic since the 1990s. The data are publicly available through biodiversity.aq and the Ocean Biogeographic Information System. The archive includes tracking data from over 70 contributors across 12 national Antarctic programs, and includes data from 17 predator species, 4060 individual animals, and over 2.9 million observed locations. Publisher PDF

Published
2020

42. Additional file 1 of A continuous-time state-space model for rapid quality control of argos locations from animal-borne tags

Author

Jonsen, Ian D., Patterson, Toby A., Costa, Daniel P., Doherty, Philip D., Godley, Brendan J., W. James Grecian, Guinet, Christophe, Hoenner, Xavier, Kienle, Sarah S., Robinson, Patrick W., Votier, Stephen C., Whiting, Scott, Witt, Matthew J., Hindell, Mark A., Harcourt, Robert G., and McMahon, Clive R.

Abstract

Additional file 1 Supplementary figures.

Published
2020
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43. Tracking predators to protect Southern Ocean Ecosystems

Author

Hindell, Mark A., Reisinger, Ryan R., Ropert-Coudert, Yan, Hückstädt, Luis A., Trathan, Phil N., Bornemann, Horst, Charrassin, Jean-Benoît, Chown, Steven L., Costa, Daniel P., Danis, Bruno, Lea, Mary-Anne, Torres, Leigh G., Van de Putte, Anton P., Wotherspoon, Simon, Jonsen, Ian D., Raymond, Ben, Hindell, Mark A., Reisinger, Ryan R., Ropert-Coudert, Yan, Hückstädt, Luis A., Trathan, Phil N., Bornemann, Horst, Charrassin, Jean-Benoît, Chown, Steven L., Costa, Daniel P., Danis, Bruno, Lea, Mary-Anne, Torres, Leigh G., Van de Putte, Anton P., Wotherspoon, Simon, Jonsen, Ian D., and Raymond, Ben

Abstract

n a rapidly changing world, we need to know which areas warrant protection from current and forthcoming threats. This is hard to do objectively in the vast Southern Ocean. However, identifying where predators go also tells us where their prey can be found. If multiple predator species and their diverse prey are found in the same place, then this indicates an area of high ecological significance. We assembled Southern Ocean predator tracking data to produce a database of over 4000 individual animal tracks from 17 species. Statistical spatial models used these data to project the at-sea movements for all known colonies of each predator species across the entire Southern Ocean. These projections were combined across all species to provide an integrated map of those areas important to many different predators. These areas of ecological significance were scattered around the Antarctic continental shelf and in two oceanic regions, one extending from the Antarctic Peninsula into the Scotia Arc, and another surrounding the sub-Antarctic islands in the Southern Indian Ocean. Existing and proposed marine protected areas (MPAs) are mostly within these important habitats, suggesting they are currently in the right places. Yet, when using IPCC climate model projections to account for how areas of important habitat are likely to move by 2100, the same MPAs may not remain perfectly aligned with important predator habitats. Dynamic MPAs are therefore needed to ensure continued protection of Southern Ocean ecosystems and their resources in the face of growing demand by the current and future generations.

Published
2020

44. Tracking of marine predators to protect Southern Ocean ecosystems

Author

Hindell, Mark A., Reisinger, Ryan R., Ropert-Coudert, Yan, Hückstädt, Luis A., Trathan, Philip N., Bornemann, Horst, Charrassin, Jean-Benoît, Chown, Steven L., Costa, Daniel P., Danis, Bruno, Lea, Mary-Anne, Thompson, David, Torres, Leigh G., Van de Putte, Anton P., Alderman, Rachael, Andrews-Goff, Virginia, Arthur, Ben, Ballard, Grant, Bengtson, John, Bester, Marthán N., Blix, Arnoldus Schytte, Boehme, Lars, Bost, Charles-André, Boveng, Peter, Cleeland, Jaimie, Constantine, Rochelle, Corney, Stuart, Crawford, Robert J. M., Dalla Rosa, Luciano, de Bruyn, P. J. Nico, Delord, Karine, Descamps, Sébastien, Double, Mike, Emmerson, Louise, Fedak, Mike, Friedlaender, Ari, Gales, Nick, Goebel, Michael E., Goetz, Kimberly T., Guinet, Christophe, Goldsworthy, Simon D., Harcourt, Rob, Hinke, Jefferson T., Jerosch, Kerstin, Kato, Akiko, Kerry, Knowles R., Kirkwood, Roger, Kooyman, Gerald L., Kovacs, Kit M., Lawton, Kieran, Lowther, Andrew D., Lydersen, Christian, Lyver, Phil O’B., Makhado, Azwianewi B., Márquez, Maria E. I., McDonald, Birgitte I., McMahon, Clive R., Muelbert, Monica, Nachtsheim, Dominik, Nicholls, Keith W., Nordøy, Erling S., Olmastroni, Silvia, Phillips, Richard A., Pistorius, Pierre, Plötz, Joachim, Pütz, Klemens, Ratcliffe, Norman, Ryan, Peter G., Santos, Mercedes, Southwell, Colin, Staniland, Iain, Takahashi, Akinori, Tarroux, Arnaud, Trivelpiece, Wayne, Wakefield, Ewan, Weimerskirch, Henri, Wienecke, Barbara, Xavier, José C., Wotherspoon, Simon, Jonsen, Ian D., Raymond, Ben, Hindell, Mark A., Reisinger, Ryan R., Ropert-Coudert, Yan, Hückstädt, Luis A., Trathan, Philip N., Bornemann, Horst, Charrassin, Jean-Benoît, Chown, Steven L., Costa, Daniel P., Danis, Bruno, Lea, Mary-Anne, Thompson, David, Torres, Leigh G., Van de Putte, Anton P., Alderman, Rachael, Andrews-Goff, Virginia, Arthur, Ben, Ballard, Grant, Bengtson, John, Bester, Marthán N., Blix, Arnoldus Schytte, Boehme, Lars, Bost, Charles-André, Boveng, Peter, Cleeland, Jaimie, Constantine, Rochelle, Corney, Stuart, Crawford, Robert J. M., Dalla Rosa, Luciano, de Bruyn, P. J. Nico, Delord, Karine, Descamps, Sébastien, Double, Mike, Emmerson, Louise, Fedak, Mike, Friedlaender, Ari, Gales, Nick, Goebel, Michael E., Goetz, Kimberly T., Guinet, Christophe, Goldsworthy, Simon D., Harcourt, Rob, Hinke, Jefferson T., Jerosch, Kerstin, Kato, Akiko, Kerry, Knowles R., Kirkwood, Roger, Kooyman, Gerald L., Kovacs, Kit M., Lawton, Kieran, Lowther, Andrew D., Lydersen, Christian, Lyver, Phil O’B., Makhado, Azwianewi B., Márquez, Maria E. I., McDonald, Birgitte I., McMahon, Clive R., Muelbert, Monica, Nachtsheim, Dominik, Nicholls, Keith W., Nordøy, Erling S., Olmastroni, Silvia, Phillips, Richard A., Pistorius, Pierre, Plötz, Joachim, Pütz, Klemens, Ratcliffe, Norman, Ryan, Peter G., Santos, Mercedes, Southwell, Colin, Staniland, Iain, Takahashi, Akinori, Tarroux, Arnaud, Trivelpiece, Wayne, Wakefield, Ewan, Weimerskirch, Henri, Wienecke, Barbara, Xavier, José C., Wotherspoon, Simon, Jonsen, Ian D., and Raymond, Ben

Abstract

Southern Ocean ecosystems are under pressure from resource exploitation and climate change. Mitigation requires the identification and protection of Areas of Ecological Significance (AESs), which have so far not been determined at the ocean-basin scale. Here, using assemblage-level tracking of marine predators, we identify AESs for this globally important region and assess current threats and protection levels. Integration of more than 4,000 tracks from 17 bird and mammal species reveals AESs around sub- Antarctic islands in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and over the Antarctic continental shelf. Fishing pressure is disproportionately concentrated inside AESs, and climate change over the next century is predicted to impose pressure on these areas, particularly around the Antarctic continent. At present, 7.1% of the ocean south of 40°S is under formal protection, including 29% of the total AESs. The establishment and regular revision of networks of protection that encompass AESs are needed to provide long-term mitigation of growing pressures on Southern Ocean ecosystems.

Published
2020

45. A continuous-time state-space model for rapid quality control of argos locations from animal-borne tags

Author

Jonsen, Ian D., primary, Patterson, Toby A., additional, Costa, Daniel P., additional, Doherty, Philip D., additional, Godley, Brendan J., additional, Grecian, W. James, additional, Guinet, Christophe, additional, Hoenner, Xavier, additional, Kienle, Sarah S., additional, Robinson, Patrick W., additional, Votier, Stephen C., additional, Whiting, Scott, additional, Witt, Matthew J., additional, Hindell, Mark A., additional, Harcourt, Robert G., additional, and McMahon, Clive R., additional

Published
2020
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47. Marine mammal tracking to define ecological hotspots in the extended Southern Ocean: Perspectives from the Retrospective Analysis of Antarctic Tracking Data project

Author

Reisinger, Ryan R., Hindell, Mark A., Ropert-Coudert, Y., Hückstädt, Luis A., Trathan, Phil N., Bornemann, Horst, Charrassin, Jean-Benoît, Costa, Daniel P., Danis, Bruno, Lea, Mary-Anne, Thompson, David, Torres, Leigh, Van de Putte, Anton P., Ainley, David G., Aldermann, R, Andrews-Goff, Virginia, Arthur, Ben, Ballard, Grant, Bengtson, John L., Bester, Marthán N., Boehme, Lars, Bost, Charles-André, Boveng, Peter, Cleeland, Jaimie, Constantine, Rochelle, Crawford, R.J.M., Dalla Rosa, Luciano, de Bruyn, P. J. Nico, Delord, Karine, Descamps, Sébastien, Double, Mike, Dugger, K, Emmerson, L., Fedak, Mike A., Friedlander, A. S., Gales, Nick, Goebel, Mike, Goetz, Kimberly T., Guinet, Christophe, Goldsworthy, Simon D., Harcort, Rob, Hinke, Jefferson T., Jerosch, Kerstin, Kato, Akiko, Kerry, Knowles R., Kirkwood, Roger, Kooyman, Gerald L., Kovacs, Kit M., Lawton, K., Lowther, Andrew, Lydersen, Christian, Lyver, P., Makhado, Azwianewi B., Márquez, Maria E. I., McDonald, Birgitte I., McMahon, Clive, Muelbert, Monica, Nachtsheim, Dominik, Nicholls, Keith W., Nordøy, Erling S., Olmastroni, Silvia, Phillips, R.A., Pistorius, Pierre, Plötz, Joachim, Pütz, Klemens, Ratcliffe, Norman, Ryan, Peter G., Santos, Mercedes, Blix, Arnoldus Schytte, Southwell, Colin, Staniland, Iain, Takahashi, Akinori, Tarroux, Arnaud, Trivelpiece, Wayne, Weimerskirch, Henri, Wienecke, Barbara, Wotherspoon, Simon, Jonsen, Ian D., Raymond, Ben, Reisinger, Ryan R., Hindell, Mark A., Ropert-Coudert, Y., Hückstädt, Luis A., Trathan, Phil N., Bornemann, Horst, Charrassin, Jean-Benoît, Costa, Daniel P., Danis, Bruno, Lea, Mary-Anne, Thompson, David, Torres, Leigh, Van de Putte, Anton P., Ainley, David G., Aldermann, R, Andrews-Goff, Virginia, Arthur, Ben, Ballard, Grant, Bengtson, John L., Bester, Marthán N., Boehme, Lars, Bost, Charles-André, Boveng, Peter, Cleeland, Jaimie, Constantine, Rochelle, Crawford, R.J.M., Dalla Rosa, Luciano, de Bruyn, P. J. Nico, Delord, Karine, Descamps, Sébastien, Double, Mike, Dugger, K, Emmerson, L., Fedak, Mike A., Friedlander, A. S., Gales, Nick, Goebel, Mike, Goetz, Kimberly T., Guinet, Christophe, Goldsworthy, Simon D., Harcort, Rob, Hinke, Jefferson T., Jerosch, Kerstin, Kato, Akiko, Kerry, Knowles R., Kirkwood, Roger, Kooyman, Gerald L., Kovacs, Kit M., Lawton, K., Lowther, Andrew, Lydersen, Christian, Lyver, P., Makhado, Azwianewi B., Márquez, Maria E. I., McDonald, Birgitte I., McMahon, Clive, Muelbert, Monica, Nachtsheim, Dominik, Nicholls, Keith W., Nordøy, Erling S., Olmastroni, Silvia, Phillips, R.A., Pistorius, Pierre, Plötz, Joachim, Pütz, Klemens, Ratcliffe, Norman, Ryan, Peter G., Santos, Mercedes, Blix, Arnoldus Schytte, Southwell, Colin, Staniland, Iain, Takahashi, Akinori, Tarroux, Arnaud, Trivelpiece, Wayne, Weimerskirch, Henri, Wienecke, Barbara, Wotherspoon, Simon, Jonsen, Ian D., and Raymond, Ben

Published
2019

48. The importance of sample size in marine megafauna tagging studies

Author

Australian Research Council, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Australian Government, University of Western Australia, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Sequeira, Ana M. M., Heupel, M. R., Lea, M. A., Eguíluz, Víctor M., Duarte, Carlos M., Meekan, Mark G., Thums, M., Calich, H. J., Carmichael, R. H., Costa, Daniel P., Ferreira, L. C., Fernández-Gracia, Juan, Harcourt, R., Harrison, A. L., Jonsen, Ian D., McMahon, Clive R., Sims, David W., Wilson, R. P., Hays, Graeme C., Australian Research Council, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Australian Government, University of Western Australia, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Sequeira, Ana M. M., Heupel, M. R., Lea, M. A., Eguíluz, Víctor M., Duarte, Carlos M., Meekan, Mark G., Thums, M., Calich, H. J., Carmichael, R. H., Costa, Daniel P., Ferreira, L. C., Fernández-Gracia, Juan, Harcourt, R., Harrison, A. L., Jonsen, Ian D., McMahon, Clive R., Sims, David W., Wilson, R. P., and Hays, Graeme C.

Abstract

Telemetry is a key, widely used tool to understand marine megafauna distribution, habitat use, behavior, and physiology; however, a critical question remains: “How many animals should be tracked to acquire meaningful data sets?” This question has wide-ranging implications including considerations of statistical power, animal ethics, logistics, and cost. While power analyses can inform sample sizes needed for statistical significance, they require some initial data inputs that are often unavailable. To inform the planning of telemetry and biologging studies of marine megafauna where few or no data are available or where resources are limited, we reviewed the types of information that have been obtained in previously published studies using different sample sizes. We considered sample sizes from one to >100 individuals and synthesized empirical findings, detailing the information that can be gathered with increasing sample sizes. We complement this review with simulations, using real data, to show the impact of sample size when trying to address various research questions in movement ecology of marine megafauna. We also highlight the value of collaborative, synthetic studies to enhance sample sizes and broaden the range, scale, and scope of questions that can be answered.

Published
2019

49. Animal-borne telemetry: An integral component of the ocean observing toolkit

Author

Harcourt, Rob, Sequeira, Ana M. M., Zhang, Xuelei, Roquet, Fabien, Komatsu, Kosei, Heupel, Michelle, McMahon, Clive R., Whoriskey, Fred, Meekan, Mark G., Carroll, Gemma, Brodie, Stephanie, Simpfendorfer, Colin, Hindell, Mark, Jonsen, Ian D., Costa, Daniel P., Block, Barbara A., Muelbert, Monica M. C., Woodward, Bill, Weise, Mike, Aarestrup, Kim, Biuw, Mark, Boehme, Lars, Bograd, Steven J., Cazau, Dorian, Charrassin, Jean-Benoit, Cooke, Steven J., Cowley, Paul, Bruyn, P. J. Nico de, Jeanniard du Dot, Tiphanie, Duarte, Carlos M., Eguíluz, Víctor M., Ferreira, Luciana C., Fernández-Gracia, Juan, Goetz, Kimberly, Goto, Yusuke, Guinet, Christophe, Hammill, Mike, Hays, Graeme C., Hazen, Elliott L., Hückstädt, Luis A., Huveneers, Charlie, Iverson, Sara, Jaaman, Saifullah Arifin, Kittiwattanawong, Kongkiat, Kovacs, Kit M., Lydersen, Christian, Moltmann, Tim, Naruoka, Masaru, Phillips, Lachlan, Picard, Baptiste, Queiroz, Nuno, Reverdin, Gilles, Sato, Katsufumi, Sims, David W., Thorstad, Eva M., Michele Thums, Michele, Treasure, Anne M., Trites, Andrew W., Williams, Guys D., Yonehara, Yoshinari, Fedak, Mike A., Harcourt, Rob, Sequeira, Ana M. M., Zhang, Xuelei, Roquet, Fabien, Komatsu, Kosei, Heupel, Michelle, McMahon, Clive R., Whoriskey, Fred, Meekan, Mark G., Carroll, Gemma, Brodie, Stephanie, Simpfendorfer, Colin, Hindell, Mark, Jonsen, Ian D., Costa, Daniel P., Block, Barbara A., Muelbert, Monica M. C., Woodward, Bill, Weise, Mike, Aarestrup, Kim, Biuw, Mark, Boehme, Lars, Bograd, Steven J., Cazau, Dorian, Charrassin, Jean-Benoit, Cooke, Steven J., Cowley, Paul, Bruyn, P. J. Nico de, Jeanniard du Dot, Tiphanie, Duarte, Carlos M., Eguíluz, Víctor M., Ferreira, Luciana C., Fernández-Gracia, Juan, Goetz, Kimberly, Goto, Yusuke, Guinet, Christophe, Hammill, Mike, Hays, Graeme C., Hazen, Elliott L., Hückstädt, Luis A., Huveneers, Charlie, Iverson, Sara, Jaaman, Saifullah Arifin, Kittiwattanawong, Kongkiat, Kovacs, Kit M., Lydersen, Christian, Moltmann, Tim, Naruoka, Masaru, Phillips, Lachlan, Picard, Baptiste, Queiroz, Nuno, Reverdin, Gilles, Sato, Katsufumi, Sims, David W., Thorstad, Eva M., Michele Thums, Michele, Treasure, Anne M., Trites, Andrew W., Williams, Guys D., Yonehara, Yoshinari, and Fedak, Mike A.

Abstract

Animal telemetry is a powerful tool for observing marine animals and the physical environments that they inhabit, from coastal and continental shelf ecosystems to polar seas and open oceans. Satellite-linked biologgers and networks of acoustic receivers allow animals to be reliably monitored over scales of tens of meters to thousands of kilometers, giving insight into their habitat use, home range size, the phenology of migratory patterns and the biotic and abiotic factors that drive their distributions. Furthermore, physical environmental variables can be collected using animals as autonomous sampling platforms, increasing spatial and temporal coverage of global oceanographic observation systems. The use of animal telemetry, therefore, has the capacity to provide measures from a suite of essential ocean variables (EOVs) for improved monitoring of Earth's oceans. Here we outline the design features of animal telemetry systems, describe current applications and their benefits and challenges, and discuss future directions. We describe new analytical techniques that improve our ability to not only quantify animal movements but to also provide a powerful framework for comparative studies across taxa. We discuss the application of animal telemetry and its capacity to collect biotic and abiotic data, how the data collected can be incorporated into ocean observing systems, and the role these data can play in improved ocean management.

Published
2019

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