5,803 results on '"Jonsdottir, IS"'
Search Results
2. The correlation between CpG methylation and gene expression is driven by sequence variants
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Stefansson, Olafur Andri, Sigurpalsdottir, Brynja Dogg, Rognvaldsson, Solvi, Halldorsson, Gisli Hreinn, Juliusson, Kristinn, Sveinbjornsson, Gardar, Gunnarsson, Bjarni, Beyter, Doruk, Jonsson, Hakon, Gudjonsson, Sigurjon Axel, Olafsdottir, Thorunn Asta, Saevarsdottir, Saedis, Magnusson, Magnus Karl, Lund, Sigrun Helga, Tragante, Vinicius, Oddsson, Asmundur, Hardarson, Marteinn Thor, Eggertsson, Hannes Petur, Gudmundsson, Reynir L., Sverrisson, Sverrir, Frigge, Michael L., Zink, Florian, Holm, Hilma, Stefansson, Hreinn, Rafnar, Thorunn, Jonsdottir, Ingileif, Sulem, Patrick, Helgason, Agnar, Gudbjartsson, Daniel F., Halldorsson, Bjarni V., Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, and Stefansson, Kari
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- 2024
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3. Transition to end-of-life care in patients with neurological diseases in an acute hospital ward
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Jonsdottir, Gudrun, Haraldsdottir, Erna, Vilhjalmsson, Runar, Sigurdardottir, Valgerdur, Hjaltason, Haukur, Klinke, Marianne Elisabeth, Tryggvadottir, Gudny Bergthora, and Jonsdottir, Helga
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- 2024
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4. Sequence variants influencing the regulation of serum IgG subclass levels
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Thorunn A. Olafsdottir, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Aitzkoa Lopez de Lapuente Portilla, Stefan Jonsson, Lilja Stefansdottir, Abhishek Niroula, Aslaug Jonasdottir, Hannes P. Eggertsson, Gisli H. Halldorsson, Gudny E. Thorlacius, Asgeir O. Arnthorsson, Unnur S. Bjornsdottir, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Arthur E. H. Bentlage, Gudmundur I. Eyjolfsson, Steinunn Gudmundsdottir, Kristbjorg Gunnarsdottir, Bjarni V. Halldorsson, Hilma Holm, Bjorn R. Ludviksson, Pall Melsted, Gudmundur L. Norddahl, Isleifur Olafsson, Saedis Saevarsdottir, Olof Sigurdardottir, Asgeir Sigurdsson, Robin Temming, Pall T. Önundarson, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Gestur Vidarsson, Patrick Sulem, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Ingileif Jonsdottir, Björn Nilsson, and Kari Stefansson
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Science - Abstract
Abstract Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the main isotype of antibody in human blood. IgG consists of four subclasses (IgG1 to IgG4), encoded by separate constant region genes within the Ig heavy chain locus (IGH). Here, we report a genome-wide association study on blood IgG subclass levels. Across 4334 adults and 4571 individuals under 18 years, we discover ten new and identify four known variants at five loci influencing IgG subclass levels. These variants also affect the risk of asthma, autoimmune diseases, and blood traits. Seven variants map to the IGH locus, three to the Fcγ receptor (FCGR) locus, and two to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region, affecting the levels of all IgG subclasses. The most significant associations are observed between the G1m (f), G2m(n) and G3m(b*) allotypes, and IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3, respectively. Additionally, we describe selective associations with IgG4 at 16p11.2 (ITGAX) and 17q21.1 (IKZF3, ZPBP2, GSDMB, ORMDL3). Interestingly, the latter coincides with a highly pleiotropic signal where the allele associated with lower IgG4 levels protects against childhood asthma but predisposes to inflammatory bowel disease. Our results provide insight into the regulation of antibody-mediated immunity that can potentially be useful in the development of antibody based therapeutics.
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- 2024
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5. Loss-of-function variants in ITSN1 confer high risk of Parkinson’s disease
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Astros Th. Skuladottir, Vinicius Tragante, Gardar Sveinbjornsson, Hannes Helgason, Arni Sturluson, Anna Bjornsdottir, Palmi Jonsson, Vala Palmadottir, Olafur A. Sveinsson, Brynjar O. Jensson, Sigurjon A. Gudjonsson, Erna V. Ivarsdottir, Rosa S. Gisladottir, Arni F. Gunnarsson, G. Bragi Walters, Gudrun A. Jonsdottir, Thorgeir E. Thorgeirsson, Gyda Bjornsdottir, Hilma Holm, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Patrick Sulem, Hreinn Stefansson, and Kari Stefansson
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Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder and its rising global incidence highlights the need for the identification of modifiable risk factors. In a gene-based burden test of rare variants (8647 PD cases and 777,693 controls) we discovered a novel association between loss-of-function variants in ITSN1 and PD. This association was further supported with burden data from the Neurodegenerative Disease Knowledge Portal and the Accelerating Medicines Partnership Parkinson’s Disease Knowledge Platform. Our findings show that Rho GTPases and disruptions in synaptic vesicle transport may be involved in the pathogenesis of PD, pointing to the possibility of novel therapeutic approaches.
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- 2024
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6. Deciphering the genetics and mechanisms of predisposition to multiple myeloma
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Molly Went, Laura Duran-Lozano, Gisli H. Halldorsson, Andrea Gunnell, Nerea Ugidos-Damboriena, Philip Law, Ludvig Ekdahl, Amit Sud, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Malte Thodberg, Thorunn Olafsdottir, Antton Lamarca-Arrizabalaga, Caterina Cafaro, Abhishek Niroula, Ram Ajore, Aitzkoa Lopez de Lapuente Portilla, Zain Ali, Maroulio Pertesi, Hartmut Goldschmidt, Lilja Stefansdottir, Sigurdur Y. Kristinsson, Simon N. Stacey, Thorvardur J. Love, Saemundur Rognvaldsson, Roman Hajek, Pavel Vodicka, Ulrika Pettersson-Kymmer, Florentin Späth, Carolina Schinke, Frits Van Rhee, Patrick Sulem, Egil Ferkingstad, Grimur Hjorleifsson Eldjarn, Ulf-Henrik Mellqvist, Ingileif Jonsdottir, Gareth Morgan, Pieter Sonneveld, Anders Waage, Niels Weinhold, Hauke Thomsen, Asta Försti, Markus Hansson, Annette Juul-Vangsted, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Kari Hemminki, Martin Kaiser, Thorunn Rafnar, Kari Stefansson, Richard Houlston, and Björn Nilsson
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Science - Abstract
Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable malignancy of plasma cells. Epidemiological studies indicate a substantial heritable component, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, in a genome-wide association study totaling 10,906 cases and 366,221 controls, we identify 35 MM risk loci, 12 of which are novel. Through functional fine-mapping and Mendelian randomization, we uncover two causal mechanisms for inherited MM risk: longer telomeres; and elevated levels of B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and interleukin-5 receptor alpha (IL5RA) in plasma. The largest increase in BCMA and IL5RA levels is mediated by the risk variant rs34562254-A at TNFRSF13B. While individuals with loss-of-function variants in TNFRSF13B develop B-cell immunodeficiency, rs34562254-A exerts a gain-of-function effect, increasing MM risk through amplified B-cell responses. Our results represent an analysis of genetic MM predisposition, highlighting causal mechanisms contributing to MM development.
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- 2024
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7. Pedagogical Challenges and Practices in Multicultural Classrooms: A Praxeological Study
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Fridborg Jonsdottir and Jóhanna Einarsdóttir
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This article addresses the pedagogical practices applied by teachers at pre and primary school level when working with children with culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds (CALD) as well as potential challenges in a research collaboration between teachers and academics. A praxeological study was conducted with two preschool teachers and two primary school teachers participating. Additional data was obtained through interviews with the principals of the two participating schools. The aim of the study was for the teachers to reflect on their own practices, and in collaboration with the researcher, create and develop new knowledge and approaches on how to better respond to and work with their CALD students. Findings suggest that observed pedagogical practices, as well as the class and school environment, exhibited few characteristics of a culturally responsive pedagogy or cultural diversity. The principal's encouragement and support seemed to be an influential factor regarding the teachers' overall research experience and the teachers who felt more support from their principal during the research period reported more benefits from the study. The findings also reveal some of the challenges that can arise in a research collaboration between teachers and researchers, such as identifying shared goals and mutual understanding of important concepts.
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- 2024
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8. Transition to end-of-life care in patients with neurological diseases in an acute hospital ward
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Gudrun Jonsdottir, Erna Haraldsdottir, Runar Vilhjalmsson, Valgerdur Sigurdardottir, Haukur Hjaltason, Marianne Elisabeth Klinke, Gudny Bergthora Tryggvadottir, and Helga Jonsdottir
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Neurodegenerative diseases ,Stroke ,ALS ,Parkinson’s disease ,Terminal care ,Length of stay ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
Abstract Background Transitioning to end-of-life care and thereby changing the focus of treatment directives from life-sustaining treatment to comfort care is important for neurological patients in advanced stages. Late transition to end-of-life care for neurological patients has been described previously. Objective To investigate whether previous treatment directives, primary medical diagnoses, and demographic factors predict the transition to end-of-life care and time to eventual death in patients with neurological diseases in an acute hospital setting. Method All consecutive health records of patients diagnosed with stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Parkinson’s disease or other extrapyramidal diseases (PDoed), who died in an acute neurological ward between January 2011 and August 2020 were retrieved retrospectively. Descriptive statistics and multivariate Cox regression were used to examine the timing of treatment directives and death in relation to medical diagnosis, age, gender, and marital status. Results A total of 271 records were involved in the analysis. Patients in all diagnostic categories had a treatment directive for end-of-life care, with patients with haemorrhagic stroke having the highest (92%) and patients with PDoed the lowest (73%) proportion. Cox regression identified that the likelihood of end-of-life care decision-making was related to advancing age (HR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.007–1.039, P = 0.005), ischaemic stroke (HR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.034–2.618, P = 0.036) and haemorrhagic stroke (HR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.219–3.423, P = 0.007) diagnoses. End-of-life care decision occurred from four to twenty-two days after hospital admission. The time from end-of-life care decision to death was a median of two days. Treatment directives, demographic factors, and diagnostic categories did not increase the likelihood of death following an end-of-life care decision. Conclusions Results show not only that neurological patients transit late to end-of-life care but that the timeframe of the decision differs between patients with acute neurological diseases and those with progressive neurological diseases, highlighting the particular significance of the short timeframe of patients with the progressive neurological diseases ALS and PDoed. Different trajectories of patients with neurological diseases at end-of-life should be further explored and clinical guidelines expanded to embrace the high diversity in neurological patients.
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- 2024
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9. Concept-based explainability for an EEG transformer model
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Gjølbye, Anders, Lehn-Schiøler, William, Jónsdóttir, Áshildur, Arnardóttir, Bergdís, and Hansen, Lars Kai
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Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing ,Statistics - Machine Learning - Abstract
Deep learning models are complex due to their size, structure, and inherent randomness in training procedures. Additional complexity arises from the selection of datasets and inductive biases. Addressing these challenges for explainability, Kim et al. (2018) introduced Concept Activation Vectors (CAVs), which aim to understand deep models' internal states in terms of human-aligned concepts. These concepts correspond to directions in latent space, identified using linear discriminants. Although this method was first applied to image classification, it was later adapted to other domains, including natural language processing. In this work, we attempt to apply the method to electroencephalogram (EEG) data for explainability in Kostas et al.'s BENDR (2021), a large-scale transformer model. A crucial part of this endeavor involves defining the explanatory concepts and selecting relevant datasets to ground concepts in the latent space. Our focus is on two mechanisms for EEG concept formation: the use of externally labeled EEG datasets, and the application of anatomically defined concepts. The former approach is a straightforward generalization of methods used in image classification, while the latter is novel and specific to EEG. We present evidence that both approaches to concept formation yield valuable insights into the representations learned by deep EEG models., Comment: To appear in proceedings of 2023 IEEE International workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Processing
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- 2023
10. Author Correction: Aryl amino acetamides prevent Plasmodium falciparum ring development via targeting the lipid-transfer protein PfSTART1
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Dans, Madeline G., Boulet, Coralie, Watson, Gabrielle M., Nguyen, William, Dziekan, Jerzy M., Evelyn, Cindy, Reaksudsan, Kitsanapong, Mehra, Somya, Razook, Zahra, Geoghegan, Niall D., Mlodzianoski, Michael J., Goodman, Christopher Dean, Ling, Dawson B., Jonsdottir, Thorey K., Tong, Joshua, Famodimu, Mufuliat Toyin, Kristan, Mojca, Pollard, Harry, Stewart, Lindsay B., Brandner-Garrod, Luke, Sutherland, Colin J., Delves, Michael J., McFadden, Geoffrey I., Barry, Alyssa E., Crabb, Brendan S., de Koning-Ward, Tania F., Rogers, Kelly L., Cowman, Alan F., Tham, Wai-Hong, Sleebs, Brad E., and Gilson, Paul R.
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- 2024
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11. Sequence variants influencing the regulation of serum IgG subclass levels
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Olafsdottir, Thorunn A., Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Lopez de Lapuente Portilla, Aitzkoa, Jonsson, Stefan, Stefansdottir, Lilja, Niroula, Abhishek, Jonasdottir, Aslaug, Eggertsson, Hannes P., Halldorsson, Gisli H., Thorlacius, Gudny E., Arnthorsson, Asgeir O., Bjornsdottir, Unnur S., Asselbergs, Folkert W., Bentlage, Arthur E. H., Eyjolfsson, Gudmundur I., Gudmundsdottir, Steinunn, Gunnarsdottir, Kristbjorg, Halldorsson, Bjarni V., Holm, Hilma, Ludviksson, Bjorn R., Melsted, Pall, Norddahl, Gudmundur L., Olafsson, Isleifur, Saevarsdottir, Saedis, Sigurdardottir, Olof, Sigurdsson, Asgeir, Temming, Robin, Önundarson, Pall T., Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Vidarsson, Gestur, Sulem, Patrick, Gudbjartsson, Daniel F., Jonsdottir, Ingileif, Nilsson, Björn, and Stefansson, Kari
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- 2024
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12. Loss-of-function variants in ITSN1 confer high risk of Parkinson’s disease
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Skuladottir, Astros Th., Tragante, Vinicius, Sveinbjornsson, Gardar, Helgason, Hannes, Sturluson, Arni, Bjornsdottir, Anna, Jonsson, Palmi, Palmadottir, Vala, Sveinsson, Olafur A., Jensson, Brynjar O., Gudjonsson, Sigurjon A., Ivarsdottir, Erna V., Gisladottir, Rosa S., Gunnarsson, Arni F., Walters, G. Bragi, Jonsdottir, Gudrun A., Thorgeirsson, Thorgeir E., Bjornsdottir, Gyda, Holm, Hilma, Gudbjartsson, Daniel F., Sulem, Patrick, Stefansson, Hreinn, and Stefansson, Kari
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- 2024
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13. Deciphering the genetics and mechanisms of predisposition to multiple myeloma
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Went, Molly, Duran-Lozano, Laura, Halldorsson, Gisli H., Gunnell, Andrea, Ugidos-Damboriena, Nerea, Law, Philip, Ekdahl, Ludvig, Sud, Amit, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Thodberg, Malte, Olafsdottir, Thorunn, Lamarca-Arrizabalaga, Antton, Cafaro, Caterina, Niroula, Abhishek, Ajore, Ram, Lopez de Lapuente Portilla, Aitzkoa, Ali, Zain, Pertesi, Maroulio, Goldschmidt, Hartmut, Stefansdottir, Lilja, Kristinsson, Sigurdur Y., Stacey, Simon N., Love, Thorvardur J., Rognvaldsson, Saemundur, Hajek, Roman, Vodicka, Pavel, Pettersson-Kymmer, Ulrika, Späth, Florentin, Schinke, Carolina, Van Rhee, Frits, Sulem, Patrick, Ferkingstad, Egil, Hjorleifsson Eldjarn, Grimur, Mellqvist, Ulf-Henrik, Jonsdottir, Ingileif, Morgan, Gareth, Sonneveld, Pieter, Waage, Anders, Weinhold, Niels, Thomsen, Hauke, Försti, Asta, Hansson, Markus, Juul-Vangsted, Annette, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Hemminki, Kari, Kaiser, Martin, Rafnar, Thorunn, Stefansson, Kari, Houlston, Richard, and Nilsson, Björn
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- 2024
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14. Start codon variant in LAG3 is associated with decreased LAG-3 expression and increased risk of autoimmune thyroid disease
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Saevarsdottir, Saedis, Bjarnadottir, Kristbjörg, Markusson, Thorsteinn, Berglund, Jonas, Olafsdottir, Thorunn A., Halldorsson, Gisli H., Rutsdottir, Gudrun, Gunnarsdottir, Kristbjorg, Arnthorsson, Asgeir Orn, Lund, Sigrun H., Stefansdottir, Lilja, Gudmundsson, Julius, Johannesson, Ari J., Sturluson, Arni, Oddsson, Asmundur, Halldorsson, Bjarni, Ludviksson, Björn R., Ferkingstad, Egil, Ivarsdottir, Erna V., Sveinbjornsson, Gardar, Grondal, Gerdur, Masson, Gisli, Eldjarn, Grimur Hjorleifsson, Thorisson, Gudmundur A., Kristjansdottir, Katla, Knowlton, Kirk U., Moore, Kristjan H. S., Gudjonsson, Sigurjon A., Rognvaldsson, Solvi, Knight, Stacey, Nadauld, Lincoln D., Holm, Hilma, Magnusson, Olafur T., Sulem, Patrick, Gudbjartsson, Daniel F., Rafnar, Thorunn, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Melsted, Pall, Norddahl, Gudmundur L., Jonsdottir, Ingileif, and Stefansson, Kari
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- 2024
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15. Aryl amino acetamides prevent Plasmodium falciparum ring development via targeting the lipid-transfer protein PfSTART1
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Dans, Madeline G., Boulet, Coralie, Watson, Gabrielle M., Nguyen, William, Dziekan, Jerzy M., Evelyn, Cindy, Reaksudsan, Kitsanapong, Mehra, Somya, Razook, Zahra, Geoghegan, Niall D., Mlodzianoski, Michael J., Goodman, Christopher Dean, Ling, Dawson B., Jonsdottir, Thorey K., Tong, Joshua, Famodimu, Mufuliat Toyin, Kristan, Mojca, Pollard, Harry, Stewart, Lindsay B., Brandner-Garrod, Luke, Sutherland, Colin J., Delves, Michael J., McFadden, Geoffrey I., Barry, Alyssa E., Crabb, Brendan S., de Koning-Ward, Tania F., Rogers, Kelly L., Cowman, Alan F., Tham, Wai-Hong, Sleebs, Brad E., and Gilson, Paul R.
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- 2024
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16. GWAS meta-analysis reveals key risk loci in essential tremor pathogenesis
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Skuladottir, Astros Th., Stefansdottir, Lilja, Halldorsson, Gisli H., Stefansson, Olafur A., Bjornsdottir, Anna, Jonsson, Palmi, Palmadottir, Vala, Thorgeirsson, Thorgeir E., Walters, G. Bragi, Gisladottir, Rosa S., Bjornsdottir, Gyda, Jonsdottir, Gudrun A., Sulem, Patrick, Gudbjartsson, Daniel F., Knowlton, Kirk U., Jones, David A., Ottas, Aigar, Pedersen, Ole B., Didriksen, Maria, Brunak, Søren, Banasik, Karina, Hansen, Thomas Folkmann, Erikstrup, Christian, Haavik, Jan, Andreassen, Ole A., Rye, David, Igland, Jannicke, Ostrowski, Sisse Rye, Milani, Lili A., Nadauld, Lincoln D., Stefansson, Hreinn, and Stefansson, Kari
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- 2024
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17. Evaluating screening for autism spectrum disorder using cluster randomization
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Jonsdottir, Sigridur Loa, Saemundsen, Evald, Thorarinsdottir, Elin Astros, and Rafnsson, Vilhjalmur
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- 2024
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18. Psychologists’ involvement in and experiences of treating patients with stress-related exhaustion in primary care
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Ellbin, Susanne, Lindegård, Agneta, Jonsdottir, Ingibjörg H., and Dahlborg, Elisabeth
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- 2024
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19. Variant in the synaptonemal complex protein SYCE2 associates with pregnancy loss through effect on recombination
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Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Halldorsson, Bjarni V., Jonsson, Hakon, Palsson, Gunnar, Oddsson, Asmundur, Westergaard, David, Arnadottir, Gudny A., Stefansdottir, Lilja, Banasik, Karina, Esplin, M. Sean, Hansen, Thomas Folkmann, Brunak, Søren, Nyegaard, Mette, Ostrowski, Sisse Rye, Pedersen, Ole Birger Vesterager, Erikstrup, Christian, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Nadauld, Lincoln D., Haraldsson, Asgeir, Steingrimsdottir, Thora, Tryggvadottir, Laufey, Jonsdottir, Ingileif, Gudbjartsson, Daniel F., Hoffmann, Eva R., Sulem, Patrick, Holm, Hilma, Nielsen, Henriette Svarre, and Stefansson, Kari
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- 2024
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20. Effects of adding early cooperation and a work-place dialogue meeting to primary care management for sick-listed patients with stress-related disorders: CO-WORK-CARE-Stress – a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial
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C. Björkelund, E.-L. Petersson, I. Svenningsson, A. Saxvik, L. Wiegner, G. Hensing, I. H. Jonsdottir, M. Larsson, C. Wikberg, N. Ariai, S. Nejati, and D. Hange
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Adjustment disorder/exhaustion disorder ,stress-related mental disorder ,randomised controlled trial ,care manager ,rehabilitation coordinator ,primary care ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Objectives To investigate whether intensified cooperation between general practitioner (GP), care manager and rehabilitation coordinator (RC) for patients sick-listed for stress-related mental disorder, combined with a person-centred dialogue meeting with employer, could reduce sick-leave days compared with usual care manager contact.Design Pragmatic cluster-randomised controlled trial, randomisation at primary care centre (PCC) level.Setting PCCs in Region Västra Götaland, Sweden, with care manager organisation.Participants Of 30 invited PCCs, 28 (93%) accepted the invitation and recruited 258 patients newly sick-listed due to stress-related mental disorder (n = 142 intervention, n = 116 control PCCs).Intervention Cooperation between GP, care manager and rehabilitation coordinator from start of illness notification plus a person-centred dialogue meeting between patient and employer within 3 months. Regular contact with care manager was continued at the control PCCs.Main outcome measures 12-months net and gross number of sick-leave days. Secondary outcomes: Symptoms of stress, depression, anxiety; work ability and health related quality of life (EQ-5D) over 12 months.Results There were no significant differences between intervention and control groups after 12 months: days on sick-leave (12-months net sick-leave days, intervention, mean = 110.7 days (95% confidence interval (CI) 82.6 − 138.8); control, mean = 99.1 days (95% CI 73.9 − 124.3)), stress, depression, or anxiety symptoms, work ability or EQ-5D. There were no significant differences between intervention and control groups concerning proportion on sick-leave after 3, 6, 12 months. At 3 months 64.8% were on sick-leave in intervention group vs 54.3% in control group; 6 months 38% vs 32.8%, and12 months 16.9% vs 15.5%.Conclusion Increased cooperation at the PCC between GP, care manager and RC for stress-related mental disorder coupled with an early workplace contact in the form of a person-centred dialogue meeting does not reduce days of sick-leave or speed up rehabilitation.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03250026 https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03250026?tab=results#publicationsCO-WORK-CAREFirst Posted: August 15, 2017. Recruitment of PCCs: September 2017. Inclusion of patients from December 2017
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- 2024
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21. Start codon variant in LAG3 is associated with decreased LAG-3 expression and increased risk of autoimmune thyroid disease
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Saedis Saevarsdottir, Kristbjörg Bjarnadottir, Thorsteinn Markusson, Jonas Berglund, Thorunn A. Olafsdottir, Gisli H. Halldorsson, Gudrun Rutsdottir, Kristbjorg Gunnarsdottir, Asgeir Orn Arnthorsson, Sigrun H. Lund, Lilja Stefansdottir, Julius Gudmundsson, Ari J. Johannesson, Arni Sturluson, Asmundur Oddsson, Bjarni Halldorsson, Björn R. Ludviksson, Egil Ferkingstad, Erna V. Ivarsdottir, Gardar Sveinbjornsson, Gerdur Grondal, Gisli Masson, Grimur Hjorleifsson Eldjarn, Gudmundur A. Thorisson, Katla Kristjansdottir, Kirk U. Knowlton, Kristjan H. S. Moore, Sigurjon A. Gudjonsson, Solvi Rognvaldsson, Stacey Knight, Lincoln D. Nadauld, Hilma Holm, Olafur T. Magnusson, Patrick Sulem, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Thorunn Rafnar, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Pall Melsted, Gudmundur L. Norddahl, Ingileif Jonsdottir, and Kari Stefansson
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Science - Abstract
Abstract Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is a common autoimmune disease. In a GWAS meta-analysis of 110,945 cases and 1,084,290 controls, 290 sequence variants at 225 loci are associated with AITD. Of these variants, 115 are previously unreported. Multiomics analysis yields 235 candidate genes outside the MHC-region and the findings highlight the importance of genes involved in T-cell regulation. A rare 5’-UTR variant (rs781745126-T, MAF = 0.13% in Iceland) in LAG3 has the largest effect (OR = 3.42, P = 2.2 × 10−16) and generates a novel start codon for an open reading frame upstream of the canonical protein translation initiation site. rs781745126-T reduces mRNA and surface expression of the inhibitory immune checkpoint LAG-3 co-receptor on activated lymphocyte subsets and halves LAG-3 levels in plasma among heterozygotes. All three homozygous carriers of rs781745126-T have AITD, of whom one also has two other T-cell mediated diseases, that is vitiligo and type 1 diabetes. rs781745126-T associates nominally with vitiligo (OR = 5.1, P = 6.5 × 10−3) but not with type 1 diabetes. Thus, the effect of rs781745126-T is akin to drugs that inhibit LAG-3, which unleash immune responses and can have thyroid dysfunction and vitiligo as adverse events. This illustrates how a multiomics approach can reveal potential drug targets and safety concerns.
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- 2024
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22. Aryl amino acetamides prevent Plasmodium falciparum ring development via targeting the lipid-transfer protein PfSTART1
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Madeline G. Dans, Coralie Boulet, Gabrielle M. Watson, William Nguyen, Jerzy M. Dziekan, Cindy Evelyn, Kitsanapong Reaksudsan, Somya Mehra, Zahra Razook, Niall D. Geoghegan, Michael J. Mlodzianoski, Christopher Dean Goodman, Dawson B. Ling, Thorey K. Jonsdottir, Joshua Tong, Mufuliat Toyin Famodimu, Mojca Kristan, Harry Pollard, Lindsay B. Stewart, Luke Brandner-Garrod, Colin J. Sutherland, Michael J. Delves, Geoffrey I. McFadden, Alyssa E. Barry, Brendan S. Crabb, Tania F. de Koning-Ward, Kelly L. Rogers, Alan F. Cowman, Wai-Hong Tham, Brad E. Sleebs, and Paul R. Gilson
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Science - Abstract
Abstract With resistance to most antimalarials increasing, it is imperative that new drugs are developed. We previously identified an aryl acetamide compound, MMV006833 (M-833), that inhibited the ring-stage development of newly invaded merozoites. Here, we select parasites resistant to M-833 and identify mutations in the START lipid transfer protein (PF3D7_0104200, PfSTART1). Introducing PfSTART1 mutations into wildtype parasites reproduces resistance to M-833 as well as to more potent analogues. PfSTART1 binding to the analogues is validated using organic solvent-based Proteome Integral Solubility Alteration (Solvent PISA) assays. Imaging of invading merozoites shows the inhibitors prevent the development of ring-stage parasites potentially by inhibiting the expansion of the encasing parasitophorous vacuole membrane. The PfSTART1-targeting compounds also block transmission to mosquitoes and with multiple stages of the parasite’s lifecycle being affected, PfSTART1 represents a drug target with a new mechanism of action.
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- 2024
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23. Social Tie Formation of COVID-19 Students: Evidence from a Two-Cohort Longitudinal Study
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Sigurdardottir, Margret Sigrun, Torfason, Magnus Thor, and Jonsdottir, Anna Helga
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The COVID-19 pandemic and the consequent move of higher education to online courses has disrupted the learning paths of many students. Social network data were collected from two cohorts of students, those starting their higher education in normal conditions in 2017 and those starting in 2020 during the pandemic. The findings showed that students in the 2020 cohort reported making fewer connections at the beginning of the first semester and developed significantly fewer connections during the first semester. Female students lost the relative advantage they had compared with male students in developing new connections. Based on our findings, and because of the importance of social connections made during the first year of study, the 2020 cohort will need considerable support in catching up with previous cohorts. The findings provide strong support for the assumption that online studies offer limited possibilities in building social connections compared with on-campus education.
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- 2023
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24. Mathematics and incentives in the slums
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Stefansson, Gunnar, Lentin, Jamie, Jonsdottir, Anna Helga, Eiríksson, Eyþór, and Kristjánsson, Arnar
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Physics - Physics Education - Abstract
In response to COVID-19, a new project was started to allow students to solve computerised math drills outside of school. In 9 months it has gone from zero to one thousand students, in co-operation with ten community libraries in various slums and low-income regions in Kenya. The program uses the tutor-web as a study environment and access is provided by donating tablet computers to participating community libraries. Students are rewarded using the SmileyCoin cryptocurrency as they progress through the system and the libraries are free to sell for SMLY small food items, sanitary pads and the tablets themselves. The reward system is designed to put an emphasis on secondary school mathematics. Completion of the corresponding collection of drills gives SmileyCoin awards sufficient to purchase a tablet. Conclusions based on the first year indicate that the resulting effect on participation and performance is unprecedented: Eleven libraries with 1301 students opted for voluntary participation in 2021 causing the program to run at full financial capacity. In that year, 450 students earned enough SMLY to purchase the tablets, which involves completing a large collection of drills to a level of excellence. Status exam questions are dispersed within the drill collection. These independent measurements show learning which surpasses both rote learning and mechanical learning and demonstrate an increase in the general ability to address new mathematical problems not seen before., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2109.13658
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- 2022
25. Identifying and presenting key country-specific indicators related to medication adherence: a comprehensive study across European countries
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Tamás Ágh, Kristina Garuolienė, Anne Gerd Granas, João Gregório, Nilay Aksoy, Nataliia Khanyk, Maja Ortner Hadžiabdić, Przemyslaw Kardas, European Network to Advance Best Practices and Technology on Medication Adherence (ENABLE) Collaborators, Emma Aarnio, Darinka Gorgieva Ackova, Vesna Vujic Aleksic, Martina Bago, Juris Barzdins, Manon Belhassen, Katharina Blankart, Maria A. Cordina, Josip Culig, Erdősi Dalma, Cristina Ghiciuc, Francisca Leiva Fernández, Pilar Barnestein Fonseca, Freyja Jonsdottir, Fatjona Kamberi, Barbora Kostalova, Urška Nabergoj Makovec, Valentina Marinković, Enrica Menditto, Vildan Mevsim, Zornista Mitkova, Herbolka Natalka, Christos Petrou, Panagiotis Petrou, Guenka Petrova, Mitar Popovic, Katarina Smilkov, Ioanna Tsiligianni, Marie Paule Schneider Voirol, Daisy Volmer, and Martin Wawruch
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medication adherence ,persistence ,health policy ,indicator ,Europe ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
This study tackles the critical challenge of medication non-adherence in healthcare by pinpointing indicators related to medication adherence (IRMAs) across 39 European countries and Israel. Utilizing a structured expert survey methodology within the European Network to Advance Best Practices and Technology on Medication Adherence (ENABLE; COST Action CA19132), our research identified key country-specific IRMAs and collected data on these indicators to understand the multifaceted nature of medication adherence. The research was conducted in two phases: firstly, defining key IRMAs through a two-round expert survey, and secondly, gathering country-specific data on these IRMAs through literature reviews and additional expert surveys. The study revealed a diverse range of 26 top-ranked IRMAs, including six related to country characteristics, four to social/economic factors, three each to therapy-related and patient-related factors, one to condition-related factors, and nine to healthcare system-related factors. The availability of country-specific data on these IRMAs varied among the countries, highlighting the need for more comprehensive data collection and research. The findings from this study not only underscore the complexity of predicting medication adherence but also lay the groundwork for developing targeted, country-specific interventions to improve adherence. Moreover, this research offers valuable insights for policymakers, highlighting the importance of understanding the multifaceted nature of medication adherence and offering a valuable resource in formulating targeted health policies to enhance health outcomes and reduce the economic burden associated with medication non-adherence.
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- 2024
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26. Allergen immunotherapy using recombinant Culicoides allergens improves clinical signs of equine insect bite hypersensitivity
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Anneli Graner, Ralf S. Mueller, Johanna Geisler, Delia Bogenstätter, Samuel J. White, Sigridur Jonsdottir, and Eliane Marti
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allergen immunotherapy ,horse ,insect bite hypersensitivity ,Culicoides ,recombinant allergens ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
IntroductionInsect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) is an IgE-mediated allergic dermatitis of horses caused by bites of Culicoides spp., sharing some common features with human atopic dermatitis. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) using Culicoides whole-body extracts has limited efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate AIT with a pool of major Culicoides recombinant allergens in a prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study.MethodsThe IBH lesion score was assessed during a pre-treatment year and first treatment year (May–October) in 17 horses and in May and July of a second treatment year. Nine horses were immunized subcutaneously 3× with a combination of nine r-allergens (20 μg each/injection) in alum and monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA). Eight horses received a placebo. The immunization was repeated twice the following year. The specific antibody response to one of the AIT Culicoides r-allergens was assessed.ResultsIn the first treatment year, the decrease in average IBH lesion score was significantly larger in the AIT compared to the placebo group, with 67% of the AIT group and 25% of the placebo horses reaching >50% improvement of the average IBH lesion score. The response to the AIT was enhanced in the 2nd treatment year when 89% of the AIT vs. 14% of the placebo horses showed an improvement (p ≤ 0.01). IgG antibodies of all subclasses were induced, with IgG4/7 showing the most significant differences between groups. The post-AIT sera showed IgE blocking activity.DiscussionAIT using only a few injections of small amounts of r-allergens in alum and MPLA as immunomodulators seems a promising approach for the treatment of insect bite allergy.
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- 2024
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27. Genetics and epidemiology of mutational barcode-defined clonal hematopoiesis
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Stacey, Simon N., Zink, Florian, Halldorsson, Gisli H., Stefansdottir, Lilja, Gudjonsson, Sigurjon A., Einarsson, Gudmundur, Hjörleifsson, Grimur, Eiriksdottir, Thjodbjorg, Helgadottir, Anna, Björnsdottir, Gyda, Thorgeirsson, Thorgeir E., Olafsdottir, Thorunn A., Jonsdottir, Ingileif, Gretarsdottir, Solveig, Tragante, Vinicius, Magnusson, Magnus K., Jonsson, Hakon, Gudmundsson, Julius, Olafsson, Sigurgeir, Holm, Hilma, Gudbjartsson, Daniel F., Sulem, Patrick, Helgason, Agnar, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Tryggvadottir, Laufey, Rafnar, Thorunn, Melsted, Pall, Ulfarsson, Magnus Ö., Vidarsson, Brynjar, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, and Stefansson, Kari
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- 2023
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28. The influence of an ownership strategy on board dynamics
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Jonsdottir, Gudrun Erla, Arnardottir, Audur Arna, Sigurjonsson, Throstur Olaf, and Poulsen, Thomas
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- 2023
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29. Rare variants with large effects provide functional insights into the pathology of migraine subtypes, with and without aura
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Bjornsdottir, Gyda, Chalmer, Mona A., Stefansdottir, Lilja, Skuladottir, Astros Th., Einarsson, Gudmundur, Andresdottir, Margret, Beyter, Doruk, Ferkingstad, Egil, Gretarsdottir, Solveig, Halldorsson, Bjarni V., Halldorsson, Gisli H., Helgadottir, Anna, Helgason, Hannes, Hjorleifsson Eldjarn, Grimur, Jonasdottir, Adalbjorg, Jonasdottir, Aslaug, Jonsdottir, Ingileif, Knowlton, Kirk U., Nadauld, Lincoln D., Lund, Sigrun H., Magnusson, Olafur Th., Melsted, Pall, Moore, Kristjan H. S., Oddsson, Asmundur, Olason, Pall I., Sigurdsson, Asgeir, Stefansson, Olafur A., Saemundsdottir, Jona, Sveinbjornsson, Gardar, Tragante, Vinicius, Unnsteinsdottir, Unnur, Walters, G. Bragi, Zink, Florian, Rødevand, Linn, Andreassen, Ole A., Igland, Jannicke, Lie, Rolv T., Haavik, Jan, Banasik, Karina, Brunak, Søren, Didriksen, Maria, T. Bruun, Mie, Erikstrup, Christian, Kogelman, Lisette J. A., Nielsen, Kaspar R., Sørensen, Erik, Pedersen, Ole B., Ullum, Henrik, Masson, Gisli, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Olesen, Jes, Ludvigsson, Petur, Thorarensen, Olafur, Bjornsdottir, Anna, Sigurdardottir, Gudrun R., Sveinsson, Olafur A., Ostrowski, Sisse R., Holm, Hilma, Gudbjartsson, Daniel F., Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Sulem, Patrick, Stefansson, Hreinn, Thorgeirsson, Thorgeir E., Hansen, Thomas F., and Stefansson, Kari
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- 2023
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30. GWAS meta-analysis reveals key risk loci in essential tremor pathogenesis
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Astros Th. Skuladottir, Lilja Stefansdottir, Gisli H. Halldorsson, Olafur A. Stefansson, Anna Bjornsdottir, Palmi Jonsson, Vala Palmadottir, Thorgeir E. Thorgeirsson, G. Bragi Walters, Rosa S. Gisladottir, Gyda Bjornsdottir, Gudrun A. Jonsdottir, Patrick Sulem, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Kirk U. Knowlton, David A. Jones, Aigar Ottas, Estonian Biobank, Ole B. Pedersen, Maria Didriksen, Søren Brunak, Karina Banasik, Thomas Folkmann Hansen, Christian Erikstrup, DBDS Genomic Consortium, Jan Haavik, Ole A. Andreassen, David Rye, Jannicke Igland, Sisse Rye Ostrowski, Lili A. Milani, Lincoln D. Nadauld, Hreinn Stefansson, and Kari Stefansson
- Subjects
Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Abstract Essential tremor (ET) is a prevalent neurological disorder with a largely unknown underlying biology. In this genome-wide association study meta-analysis, comprising 16,480 ET cases and 1,936,173 controls from seven datasets, we identify 12 sequence variants at 11 loci. Evaluating mRNA expression, splicing, plasma protein levels, and coding effects, we highlight seven putative causal genes at these loci, including CA3 and CPLX1. CA3 encodes Carbonic Anhydrase III and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors have been shown to decrease tremors. CPLX1, encoding Complexin-1, regulates neurotransmitter release. Through gene-set enrichment analysis, we identify a significant association with specific cell types, including dopaminergic and GABAergic neurons, as well as biological processes like Rho GTPase signaling. Genetic correlation analyses reveals a positive association between ET and Parkinson’s disease, depression, and anxiety-related phenotypes. This research uncovers risk loci, enhancing our knowledge of the complex genetics of this common but poorly understood disorder, and highlights CA3 and CPLX1 as potential therapeutic targets.
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- 2024
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31. Evaluating screening for autism spectrum disorder using cluster randomization
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Sigridur Loa Jonsdottir, Evald Saemundsen, Elin Astros Thorarinsdottir, and Vilhjalmur Rafnsson
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Autism spectrum disorder ,Screening ,M-CHAT-R/F ,Usual care ,Cluster randomization ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract We evaluated the rate of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in a group invited to a screening program compared to the rates in two groups who received usual care. The population eligible for screening was all children in Iceland registered for their 30-month well-child visits at primary healthcare centers (PHCs) from March 1, 2016, to October 31, 2017 (N = 7173). The PHCs in the capital area of Reykjavik were the units of cluster randomization. Nine PHCs were selected for intervention (invited group), while eight PHCs received usual care (control group 1). PHCs outside the capital area were without randomization (control group 2). An interdisciplinary team, including a pediatrician contributing with physical and neurological examination, a psychologist evaluating autism symptoms using a diagnostic instrument, and a social worker interviewing the parents, reached a consensus on the clinical diagnosis of ASD according to the ICD-10 diagnostic system. Children in the population were followed up for at least two years and 119 cases were identified. The overall cumulative incidence of ASD was 1.66 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.37, 1.99). In the invited group the incidence rate was 2.13 (95% CI: 1.60, 2.78); in control group 1, the rate was 1.83 (95% CI: 1.31, 2.50); and in control group 2, the rate was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.66, 1.50). Although the rate of ASD was higher in the invited group than in the control groups, the wide confidence intervals prevented us from concluding definitively that the screening detected ASD more readily than usual care.
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- 2024
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32. Psychologists’ involvement in and experiences of treating patients with stress-related exhaustion in primary care
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Susanne Ellbin, Agneta Lindegård, Ingibjörg H. Jonsdottir, and Elisabeth Dahlborg
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Burnout ,Exhaustion ,Equal care ,Primary care ,Psychologist ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Abstract Background Primary health care is the setting for most patients with stress-related mental health problems. Good care processes are important for patients with stress-related mental health problems and the complex needs of these patients has become a challenge for primary care settings which is traditionally designed to manage acute episodes of one illness. The care process of these patients is thus interesting to investigate. The aim of this study was to explore psychologists´ involvement and experiences regarding the organisation of the care process and treatment of patients seeking care for stress-related exhaustion. Method Fifteen psychologists (14 women and 1 man, age range 27–72 years)c from fifteen different primary health care centres in the western part of Sweden, located in both rural and urban areas were included. Qualitative content analysis of individual semi-structured interviews was conducted. Results The analysis resulted in eight subcategories within the two main categories studied illuminating psychologists’ involvement and experiences regarding the organisation of the care process and challenges regarding treatment of patients seeking care for stress-related exhaustion. Conclusion The care process of patients with stress-related exhaustion is perceived to be ineffective and not congruent with the needs of the patients. A lack of holistic overview of the care process, a lack of collaboration and poor utilization of the health care professionals’ competence leads to an unstructured process forcing the patients to be the carriers and coordinators of their own care.
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- 2024
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33. Racial and ethnic disparities in dupilumab for pediatric atopic dermatitis in Florida
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Urdur Jonsdottir, MD, Emily S. Craver, MS, and Tanvi Patel, MD
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Atopic dermatitis ,dupilumab ,eczema ,race and ethnicity ,disparity ,health equity ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Background: Dupilumab is an mAb that has been shown to decrease symptoms and severity of atopic dermatitis (AD). It was approved for use in adolescents and children in a stepwise manner from 2019 to 2022. Racial and ethnic disparities have been described in access to emerging therapies in many conditions, including treatment with dupilumab for AD in adult patients. Objective: We sought to assess racial and ethnic disparities in moderate to severe AD treatment with dupilumab in the pediatric population. Methods: This retrospective study identified 12,918 patients with AD aged 0 to 17 years who had at least a 6-month follow-up period between January 2020 and September 2023. The primary end point of dupilumab prescription was compared between racial and ethnic groups and a reference group of non-Hispanic White patients while adjusting for confounders. Results: Among the patients, 18.1% were Black, 40.5% Hispanic, 28.9% non-Hispanic White, and 12.4% Other race. Black (odds ratio, 0.43; P = .006) and Hispanic (odds ratio, 0.46; P < .001) patients had significantly lower odds of receiving dupilumab compared with the reference group. Conclusions: This study may indicate a racial and ethnic disparity negatively affecting access to treatment with dupilumab for Black and Hispanic children and adolescents with AD. Because previous studies have not indicated decreased severity of AD in these patient populations, less frequent use is likely due to other underlying factors such as differential access to care, cultural differences, language barriers, and socioeconomic factors. The contributing factors must be further identified and addressed to ensure health equity in pediatric AD.
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- 2024
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34. Physical and cognitive impact following SARS-CoV-2 infection in a large population-based case-control study
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Holm, Hilma, Ivarsdottir, Erna V., Olafsdottir, Thorhildur, Thorolfsdottir, Rosa, Eythorsson, Elias, Norland, Kristjan, Gisladottir, Rosa, Jonsdottir, Gudrun, Unnsteinsdottir, Unnur, Sveinsdottir, Kristin E., Jonsson, Benedikt A., Andresdottir, Margret, Arnar, David O., Arnthorsson, Asgeir O., Birgisdottir, Kolbrún, Bjarnadottir, Kristbjorg, Bjarnadottir, Solveig, Bjornsdottir, Gyda, Einarsson, Gudmundur, Eiriksdottir, Berglind, Gardarsdottir, Elisabet Eir, Gislason, Thorarinn, Gottfredsson, Magnus, Gudmundsdottir, Steinunn, Gudmundsson, Julius, Gunnarsdottir, Kristbjorg, Helgadottir, Anna, Helgason, Dadi, Hinriksdottir, Ingibjorg, Ingvarsson, Ragnar F., Jonasdottir, Sigga S., Jonsdottir, Ingileif, Karlsdottir, Tekla H., Kristinsdottir, Anna M., Kristinsson, Sigurdur Yngvi, Kristjansdottir, Steinunn, Love, Thorvardur J., Ludviksdottir, Dora, Masson, Gisli, Norddahl, Gudmundur, Olafsdottir, Thorunn, Olafsson, Isleifur, Rafnar, Thorunn, Runolfsdottir, Hrafnhildur L., Saemundsdottir, Jona, Sigurbjornsson, Svanur, Sigurdardottir, Kristin, Sigurdsson, Engilbert, Sigurdsson, Martin I., Sigurdsson, Emil L., Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Sveinbjornsson, Gardar, Thorarensen, Emil A., Thorbjornsson, Bjarni, Thorsteinsdottir, Brynja, Tragante, Vinicius, Ulfarsson, Magnus O., Stefansson, Hreinn, Gislason, Thorsteinn, Kristjansson, Mar, Palsson, Runolfur, Sulem, Patrick, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Thorgeirsson, Gudmundur, Gudbjartsson, Daniel F., and Stefansson, Kari
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- 2023
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35. Systematic literature review on system dynamic modeling of sustainable business model strategies
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Agusta Thora Jonsdottir, Lara Johannsdottir, and Brynhildur Davidsdottir
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Business model ,System dynamic ,Circular economy ,Circular disruption ,Sustainable business model strategies ,Environmental effects of industries and plants ,TD194-195 - Abstract
The need for more studies on the dynamics of business models has been recognized, especially when considering how business models need to transform to support the transition toward sustainable development and a circular economy. System dynamics business model simulations can explore relationships between business strategy, daily operations, strategy implementation, and stakeholder interactions. This study aims to synthesize and analyze findings from existing literature on system dynamic modeling of business models. Following the PSALSAR systematic literature review framework, the results highlight a noticeable focus shift in the evolution of sustainable business model strategies. Before 2016, scholars focused on resource maximization strategies and sustainable scale-up solutions. Post-2016 emphasis has revolved around strategies delivering functionality, adopting a stewardship role, and closing the resource loop. The findings support that system dynamics is a powerful tool for business model innovation, allowing risk-free testing of scenarios and helping to identify leverage points, such as regulations, policies, and product/service design. System dynamics advance the business model paradigm, especially for implementing sustainability strategies. Consequently, this study has implications for scholars, policymakers, and the business community, given its application to furthering sustainable development and the circular economy.
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- 2024
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36. Sexual violence in the workplace and associated health outcomes: a nationwide, cross-sectional analysis of women in Iceland
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Svava Dogg Jonsdottir, MAS, Edda Bjork Thordardottir, PhD, Unnur Anna Valdimarsdottir, ProfPhD, Thorhildur Halldorsdottir, PhD, Sigurbjorg Anna Gudnadottir, MSc, Johanna Jakobsdottir, PhD, Harpa Runarsdottir, MSc, Gunnar Tomasson, PhD, Thor Aspelund, ProfPhD, and Arna Hauksdottir, ProfPhD
- Subjects
Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Summary: Background: Workplace sexual violence against women is a pressing global issue with scarce knowledge on its health implications. Existing research is largely limited to specific occupations, which calls for comprehensive, population-based studies. This study aimed to examine the associations between self-labelled workplace sexual violence and a variety of health outcomes in a nationally representative sample of Icelandic women aged 18–69 years. Methods: Participants in this cross-sectional study were women in the Stress-And-Gene-Analysis (SAGA) cohort who answered the question regarding workplace sexual violence, defined in our study as encompassing all work sectors, academic settings, and other school environments. Eligible participants were women, aged 18–69 years, residing in Iceland, who spoke Icelandic and were listed in the Icelandic Population Register or had a contact number registered with the online 1819 service. Poisson and binomial regressions were used to assess the associations between workplace sexual violence and validated measures of current mental and physical health outcomes (eg, probable depression, general anxiety, and severe sleep problems). Multiple imputation was performed to account for missing values in the dataset. Findings: The study was conducted from March 1, 2018, to July 1, 2019. Of the 113 814 women deemed eligible for study inclusion, 104 197 were invited to take part in the online survey. Of those invited, 30 403 women completed the survey and were included in the SAGA cohort. Among these participants, 15 812 provided answers to the question regarding exposure to workplace sexual harassment or violence. Exposure to sexual violence was associated with an increased prevalence of probable depression (prevalence ratio [PR] 1·50 [95% CI 1·41–1·60]), general anxiety (PR 1·49 [1·40–1·59]), social phobia (PR 1·62 [1·48–1·78]), self-harm (PR 1·86 [1·53–2·28]), suicidal ideation (PR 1·68 [1·44–1·68]), suicide attempts (PR 1·99 [1·62–2·44]), binge drinking (PR 1·10 [1·01–1·20]), sleep problems (PR 1·41 [1·48–1·91]), physical symptoms (PR 1·59 [1·48–1·70]), and sick leave (PR 1·20 [1·12–1·28]). The prevalence of the health outcomes among those exposed show age-related differences: younger women report anxiety or depression more frequently, while older women report sleep problems after experiencing workplace sexual violence. Interpretation: In this cross-sectional study self-reported experiences of sexual violence in the workplace were associated with several self-reported health outcomes. The findings suggest a need for targeted interventions to promote workplace safety and to mitigate adverse health implications among people who have experienced workplace sexual violence. Future research should explore factors such as the frequency, duration, and relationship dynamics of workplace sexual violence, as well as the effect on different genders and sexual orientations, to deepen our understanding of these experiences and inform effective prevention strategies. Funding: Reykjavík Energy Research Fund, The Icelandic Gender Equality Fund, European Research Council, and Icelandic Center for Research.
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- 2024
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37. Third-generation smallpox vaccines induce low-level cross-protecting neutralizing antibodies against Monkeypox virus in laboratory workers
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Damian Jandrasits, Roland Züst, Denise Siegrist, Olivier B. Engler, Benjamin Weber, Kristina M. Schmidt, and Hulda R. Jonsdottir
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Vaccines ,Vaccinia virus ,Monkeypox virus ,Imvamune/Imvanex/Jynneos ,Neutralizing antibodies ,ELISA ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Due to the discontinuation of routine smallpox vaccination after its eradication in 1980, a large part of the human population remains naïve against smallpox and other members of the orthopoxvirus genus. As a part of biosafety personnel protection programs, laboratory workers receive prophylactic vaccinations against diverse infectious agents, including smallpox. Here, we studied the levels of cross-protecting neutralizing antibodies as well as total IgG induced by either first- or third-generation smallpox vaccines against Monkeypox virus, using a clinical isolate from the 2022 outbreak. Serum neutralization tests indicated better overall neutralization capacity after vaccination with first-generation smallpox vaccines, compared to an attenuated third-generation vaccine. Results obtained from total IgG ELISA, however, did not show higher induction of orthopoxvirus-specific IgGs in first-generation vaccine recipients. Taken together, our results indicate a lower level of cross-protecting neutralizing antibodies against Monkeypox virus in recipients of third-generation smallpox vaccine compared to first-generation vaccine recipients, although total IgG levels were comparable.
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- 2024
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38. Author Correction: Large-scale plasma proteomics comparisons through genetics and disease associations
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Eldjarn, Grimur Hjorleifsson, Ferkingstad, Egil, Lund, Sigrun H., Helgason, Hannes, Magnusson, Olafur Th., Gunnarsdottir, Kristbjorg, Olafsdottir, Thorunn A., Halldorsson, Bjarni V., Olason, Pall I., Zink, Florian, Gudjonsson, Sigurjon A., Sveinbjornsson, Gardar, Magnusson, Magnus I., Helgason, Agnar, Oddsson, Asmundur, Halldorsson, Gisli H., Magnusson, Magnus K., Saevarsdottir, Saedis, Eiriksdottir, Thjodbjorg, Masson, Gisli, Stefansson, Hreinn, Jonsdottir, Ingileif, Holm, Hilma, Rafnar, Thorunn, Melsted, Pall, Saemundsdottir, Jona, Norddahl, Gudmundur L., Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Ulfarsson, Magnus O., Gudbjartsson, Daniel F., Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Sulem, Patrick, and Stefansson, Kari
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- 2024
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39. Burnout and overtraining in elite athletes: Unresolved issues and avenues for future research
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Markus Gerber, Renzo Bianchi, Daniel Madigan, Ingibjörg H. Jonsdottir, Malte Christian Claussen, and Henrik Gustafsson
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Psychiatry ,RC435-571 ,Sports ,GV557-1198.995 - Published
- 2024
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40. Levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease: Insights from cross-cohort prognostic analysis using machine learning
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Acharya, Geeta, Aguayo, Gloria, Alexandre, Myriam, Ali, Muhammad, Ammerlann, Wim, Arena, Giuseppe, Bassis, Michele, Batutu, Roxane, Beaumont, Katy, Béchet, Sibylle, Berchem, Guy, Bisdorff, Alexandre, Boussaad, Ibrahim, Bouvier, David, Castillo, Lorieza, Contesotto, Gessica, DE Bremaeker, Nancy, Dewitt, Brian, Diederich, Nico, Dondelinger, Rene, Ramia, Nancy E., Ferrari, Angelo, Frauenknecht, Katrin, Fritz, Joëlle, Gamio, Carlos, Gantenbein, Manon, Gawron, Piotr, Georges, Laura, Ghosh, Soumyabrata, Giraitis, Marijus, Glaab, Enrico, Goergen, Martine, Gómez DE Lope, Elisa, Graas, Jérôme, Graziano, Mariella, Groues, Valentin, Grünewald, Anne, Hammot, Gaël, Anne-Marie, H.A.N.F.F., Hansen, Linda, Heneka, Michael, Henry, Estelle, Henry, Margaux, Herbrink, Sylvia, Herzinger, Sascha, Hundt, Alexander, Jacoby, Nadine, Jónsdóttir, Sonja, Klucken, Jochen, Kofanova, Olga, Krüger, Rejko, Lambert, Pauline, Landoulsi, Zied, Lentz, Roseline, Longhino, Laura, Lopes, Ana Festas, Lorentz, Victoria, Marques, Tainá M., Marques, Guilherme, Martins Conde, Patricia, Patrick, M.A.Y., Mcintyre, Deborah, Mediouni, Chouaib, Meisch, Francoise, Mendibide, Alexia, Menster, Myriam, Minelli, Maura, Mittelbronn, Michel, Mtimet, Saïda, Munsch, Maeva, Nati, Romain, Nehrbass, Ulf, Nickels, Sarah, Nicolai, Beatrice, Jean-Paul, N.I.C.O.L.A.Y., Noor, Fozia, Gomes, Clarissa P.C., Pachchek, Sinthuja, Pauly, Claire, Pauly, Laure, Pavelka, Lukas, Perquin, Magali, Pexaras, Achilleas, Rauschenberger, Armin, Rawal, Rajesh, Reddy Bobbili, Dheeraj, Remark, Lucie, Richard, Ilsé, Roland, Olivia, Roomp, Kirsten, Rosales, Eduardo, Sapienza, Stefano, Satagopam, Venkata, Schmitz, Sabine, Schneider, Reinhard, Schwamborn, Jens, Severino, Raquel, Sharify, Amir, Soare, Ruxandra, Soboleva, Ekaterina, Sokolowska, Kate, Theresine, Maud, Thien, Hermann, Thiry, Elodie, Ting Jiin Loo, Rebecca, Trouet, Johanna, Tsurkalenko, Olena, Vaillant, Michel, Vega, Carlos, Vilas Boas, Liliana, Wilmes, Paul, Wollscheid-Lengeling, Evi, Zelimkhanov, Gelani, Loo, Rebecca Ting Jiin, Mangone, Graziella, Khoury, Fouad, Vidailhet, Marie, and Corvol, Jean-Christophe
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- 2024
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41. Increased plasma levels of neuro-related proteins in patients with stress-related exhaustion: A longitudinal study
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Hansson, Caroline, Hadžibajramović, Emina, Svensson, Per-Arne, and Jonsdottir, Ingibjörg H.
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- 2024
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42. Developing and testing inter‐rater reliability of a data collection tool for patient health records on end‐of‐life care of neurological patients in an acute hospital ward
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Gudrun Jonsdottir, Erna Haraldsdottir, Valgerdur Sigurdardottir, Asta Thoroddsen, Runar Vilhjalmsson, Gudny Bergthora Tryggvadottir, and Helga Jonsdottir
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end‐of‐life care ,face validity ,instrument development ,inter‐rater reliability ,neurological patients ,patient health records ,Nursing ,RT1-120 - Abstract
Abstract Aim Develop and test a data collection tool—Neurological End‐Of‐Life Care Assessment Tool (NEOLCAT)—for extracting data from patient health records (PHRs) on end‐of‐life care of neurological patients in an acute hospital ward. Design Instrument development and inter‐rater reliability (IRR) assessment. Method NEOLCAT was constructed from patient care items obtained from clinical guidelines and literature on end‐of‐life care. Expert clinicians reviewed the items. Using percentage agreement and Fleiss' kappa we calculated IRR on 32 nominal items, out of 76 items. Results IRR of NEOLCAT showed 89% (range 83%–95%) overall categorical percentage agreement. The Fleiss' kappa categorical coefficient was 0.84 (range 0.71–0.91). There was fair or moderate agreement on six items, and moderate or almost perfect agreement on 26 items. Conclusion The NEOLCAT shows promising psychometric properties for studying clinical components of care of neurological patients at the end‐of‐life on an acute hospital ward but could be further developed in future studies.
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- 2023
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43. Social tie formation of COVID-19 students: evidence from a two-cohort longitudinal study
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Sigurdardottir, Margret Sigrun, Torfason, Magnus Thor, and Jonsdottir, Anna Helga
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Epidemics -- Social aspects ,College students -- Social aspects ,Social networks -- Evaluation ,Education - Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and the consequent move of higher education to online courses has disrupted the learning paths of many students. Social network data were collected from two cohorts of students, those starting their higher education in normal conditions in 2017 and those starting in 2020 during the pandemic. The findings showed that students in the 2020 cohort reported making fewer connections at the beginning of the first semester and developed significantly fewer connections during the first semester. Female students lost the relative advantage they had compared with male students in developing new connections. Based on our findings, and because of the importance of social connections made during the first year of study, the 2020 cohort will need considerable support in catching up with previous cohorts. The findings provide strong support for the assumption that online studies offer limited possibilities in building social connections compared with on-campus education., Author(s): Margret Sigrun Sigurdardottir [sup.1] , Magnus Thor Torfason [sup.1] , Anna Helga Jonsdottir [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.14013.37, 0000 0004 0640 0021, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Iceland, [...]
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- 2023
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44. Information Fusion and Hand Alignment to Improve Hand Recognition in Forensic Scenarios
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Lazaro Janier Gonzalez-Soler, Durita Kvilt Jonsdottir, Christian Rathgeb, and Daniel Fischer
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Hand recognition ,hand alignment ,information fusion ,forensic investigations ,uncontrolled scenarios ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 - Abstract
In many forensic scenarios, criminals often attempt to conceal their identity by covering their face and other distinctive body parts. In such situations, physical evidence may, however, reveal other unique characteristics, e.g. hands, which can be used to identify offenders. In this context, several state-of-the-art biometric recognition systems have been proposed recently. These recognition systems offer high identification performance in restricted environments. However, in forensic scenarios, the environment is often unconstrained, making biometric identification considerably more difficult, with a consequent decrease in accuracy. In this article, we explore methods (e.g. hand alignment and information fusion) to improve the identification of subjects within forensic investigations. Experimental results show that explored techniques play an important role in the improvement of the identification performance of existing schemes: the combination of hand alignment and information fusion results in the highest Rank-1 identification performance improvement of up to 13.10% (i.e., 26.30% vs. 13.20%) and 16.30% (i.e., 77.00% vs. 60.70%) with respect to the baseline for the unconstrained databases NTU-PI_v1 and HaGRID, respectively (https://github.com/ljsoler/IF-HA-HandRecognition).
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- 2024
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45. Histopathology and levels of proteins in plasma associate with survival after colorectal cancer diagnosis
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Magnusson, Magnus I., Agnarsson, Bjarni A., Jonasson, Jon G., Tryggvason, Thordur, Aeffner, Famke, le Roux, Louise, Magnusdottir, Droplaug N., Gunnarsdottir, Helga S., Alexíusdóttir, Kristín K., Gunnarsdottir, Kristbjorg, Söebech, Emilia, Runarsdottir, Hjaltey, Jonsdottir, Erna M., Kristinsdottir, Bjarney S., Olafsson, Sigurgeir, Knutsdottir, Hildur, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Ulfarsson, Magnus O., Gudbjartsson, Daniel F., Saemundsdottir, Jona, Magnusson, Olafur T., Norddahl, Gudmundur L., Watson, J. E. Vivienne, Rafnar, Thorunn, Lund, Sigrun H., and Stefansson, Kari
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- 2023
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46. Large-scale plasma proteomics comparisons through genetics and disease associations
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Eldjarn, Grimur Hjorleifsson, Ferkingstad, Egil, Lund, Sigrun H., Helgason, Hannes, Magnusson, Olafur Th., Gunnarsdottir, Kristbjorg, Olafsdottir, Thorunn A., Halldorsson, Bjarni V., Olason, Pall I., Zink, Florian, Gudjonsson, Sigurjon A., Sveinbjornsson, Gardar, Magnusson, Magnus I., Helgason, Agnar, Oddsson, Asmundur, Halldorsson, Gisli H., Magnusson, Magnus K., Saevarsdottir, Saedis, Eiriksdottir, Thjodbjorg, Masson, Gisli, Stefansson, Hreinn, Jonsdottir, Ingileif, Holm, Hilma, Rafnar, Thorunn, Melsted, Pall, Saemundsdottir, Jona, Norddahl, Gudmundur L., Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Ulfarsson, Magnus O., Gudbjartsson, Daniel F., Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Sulem, Patrick, and Stefansson, Kari
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- 2023
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47. Author Correction: Aryl amino acetamides prevent Plasmodium falciparum ring development via targeting the lipid-transfer protein PfSTART1
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Madeline G. Dans, Coralie Boulet, Gabrielle M. Watson, William Nguyen, Jerzy M. Dziekan, Cindy Evelyn, Kitsanapong Reaksudsan, Somya Mehra, Zahra Razook, Niall D. Geoghegan, Michael J. Mlodzianoski, Christopher Dean Goodman, Dawson B. Ling, Thorey K. Jonsdottir, Joshua Tong, Mufuliat Toyin Famodimu, Mojca Kristan, Harry Pollard, Lindsay B. Stewart, Luke Brandner-Garrod, Colin J. Sutherland, Michael J. Delves, Geoffrey I. McFadden, Alyssa E. Barry, Brendan S. Crabb, Tania F. de Koning-Ward, Kelly L. Rogers, Alan F. Cowman, Wai-Hong Tham, Brad E. Sleebs, and Paul R. Gilson
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Science - Published
- 2024
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48. Immune Response after Vaccination against Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus (TBEV) in Horses
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Dana Kälin, Angela Becsek, Helen Stürmer, Claudia Bachofen, Denise Siegrist, Hulda R. Jonsdottir, and Angelika Schoster
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TBEV ,TBEV vaccination ,equine ,IgG ,IgM ,neutralising antibodies ,Medicine - Abstract
(1) Background: Horses infected by a tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) can develop clinically apparent infections. In humans, vaccination is the most effective preventive measure, while a vaccine is not available for horses. The objective of this study was to describe the immune response in horses after a TBEV vaccination with a human vaccine. (2) Materials and Methods: Seven healthy horses were randomised to a treatment or a control group in a stratified fashion based on TBEV–IgG concentrations on day −4. The treatment group (n = 4) was intramuscularly vaccinated using an inactivated human TBEV vaccine on days 0 and 28; the control group (n = 3) did not receive an injection. A clinical examination and blood sampling were performed on day –4, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 43, 56, 84, and 373. A linear mixed model analysis was used to compare IgG and IgM concentrations, neutralising antibody (nAb) titres, leucocyte count, serum amyloid A (SAA), and fibrinogen and globulin concentrations between the groups and time points. (3) Results: The clinical examination was normal in all horses at all time points. There were no significant changes in SAA, globulin, and fibrinogen concentrations and leucocyte count between the groups or time points (all p > 0.05). There was no significant increase in IgG, IgM, or nAb titres in the control group over time (all p > 0.05). In the vaccination group, there was a significant increase in IgG concentration and nAb titres after the second vaccination (p < 0.0001). There was no significant increase in IgM antibodies after the TBEV vaccination (all p > 0.05). One horse in the vaccination group had an IgM concentration above the laboratory reference on day 10. (4) Conclusions: The human TBEV vaccine did not have side effects when used in healthy horses in this study. A significant rise in TBEV-specific IgG antibodies and nAbs after the second vaccination was observed. However, IgG and nAb titres have been shown to decrease within 1 year after vaccination. The results of this study indicate that a vaccination with a human vaccine only induces a mild rise in IgM antibodies and only in previously naive horses. With no significant changes to inflammatory parameters in the vaccinated horses, it remains unclear whether vaccination with the human vaccine leads to protective immunity.
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- 2024
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49. Racial and ethnic disparities in dupilumab for pediatric atopic dermatitis in Florida
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Jonsdottir, Urdur, Craver, Emily S., and Patel, Tanvi
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- 2024
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50. Verbal memory is linked to average oxygen saturation during sleep, not the apnea-hypopnea index nor novel hypoxic load variables
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Thorisdottir, K., Hrubos-Strøm, H., Karhu, T., Nikkonen, S., Dammen, T., Nordhus, I.H., Leppänen, T., Jónsdóttir, M.K., and Arnardottir, E.S.
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- 2024
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