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The research aimed to describe the development of solar electric cars as a prop in energy conversion learning using the analyze, design, develop, implement, and evaluate (ADDIE) model and to ascertain the effectiveness of an electric car as a prop in energy conversion learning. Utilization of prop in the learning process is one way to support the development of knowledge, skills, and basic needs for delivering material, concepts, and physics information. This research is a descriptive study involving media and pedagogical experts and 40 students of the university in Tasikmalaya. Data collection techniques were carried out through the study of literature, expert validation, and student perception questionnaires. Expert validation and student perception were obtained by using a Likert scale. The expert judgment results were processed using the V value equation developed by Aiken. The results showed a value of 1, meeting the minimum validation requirements. The students also had positive responses to a prop. They have new experience learning in energy conversion and have good media to help their comprehension. It has a significant impact on helping students to achieve their learning goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The breakdown of dyes, which are environmentally hazardous substances and notoriously difficult to degrade, presents the main treatment challenge for wastewater from textile industries. Most advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for dye degradation usually use costly decolorizing agents, whose residue from Wastewater Treatment Plants may be hazardous to the environment. The present study aimed to apply ultrafine bubbles (UFBs) for water AOPs to degrade textile dyes. Our most recent innovation, ultrafine bubbles, enables the production of reactive oxygen species recently introduced as oxidants in AOPs. First, the disc diffuser was optimized by introducing various flow rates of 1–5 L Per Minute (LPM) to generate UFBs with unique characteristics observed from Zeta Potential, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), and Oxidation–Reduction Potential (ORP). The air UFBs using a disc diffuser with 3 LPM were selected to degrade the Navacron Ruby S-3B dye solution (1000 Pt-Co). The treatment was optimized on the coagulant dosage (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 ppm) and bubbling times (0–120 min). As a result, the UFBs were successful in degrading the Navacron Ruby S-3B dye solution, resulting in a 45% reduction in Pt-Co color scale with a bubbling time of only 120 min and minimal coagulant dosage (0.5 ppm) compared to the Navacron Ruby S-3B dye solution treatment commonly using a coagulant dosage of 1.5 ppm without UFBs. Based on FTIR, XRF, and PL analysis, we propose the AOP mechanism of hydroxyl radicals for the Navacron Ruby S-3B dye solution. It is emphasized that UFB water AOPs (UFBs–WAOPs) represent a promising alternative technology for treating textile wastewater without chemicals or decolorizing agents. Thus, the UFBs-WAOPs are economical and environmentally benign textile wastewater treatment methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mastitis is an udder infection that affects many dairy farms in Indonesia. Many causes can be identified to see the etiology. This study was conducted to determine the bacteria that causes mastitis and attacks dairy farms in the Bandung Regency Region. Based on the results of isolation and identification by examination of Blood Agar Media (BAP), Catalase Test, Coagulase Test, Gram staining, and DNAse Test of milk samples taken from three farm areas in Warnasari and Babakan Kiara in Pengalengan District and Citawa District Kertasari District, the bacteria that cause mastitis are Staphylococcus aureus COPS and CONS, Staphylococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus saprophytes. The characteristics of Clinical symptoms analysis from the bacteria causing subclinical Mastitis as seen as udder redness, swelling, and fever. There are tissue necrosis in the nipple and part of the udder. The milk parenchyma becomes fribillated, and the milk produced becomes mixed with blood, drips continuously, and appears watery in the presence of flakes, clots, and mucus. Implementation Early, prompt, and accurate diagnostic examinations must be carried out to prevent the occurrence of subclinical mastitis so that the objective can benefit the farmers for the future livelihood of the farm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chitosan is a functional polymer in the pharmaceutical field, including for nanoparticle drug delivery systems. Chitosan-based nanoparticles are a promising carrier for a wide range of therapeutic agents and can be administered in various routes. Solubility is the main problem for its production and utilization in large-scale industries. Chitosan modifications have been employed to enhance its solubility, including chemical modification. Many reviews have reported the chemical modification but have not focused on the specific characteristics obtained. This review focused on the modification to improve chitosan solubility. Additionally, this review also focused on the application of chitosan derivatives in nanoparticle drug delivery systems since very few similar reviews have been reported. The specific method for chitosan derivative-based nanoparticles was also reported and the latest report of chitosan, chitosan derivative, and chitosan toxicity were also described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This investigation presents the synthesis procedure and the results of an investigation of the crystallite growth of TiO2 and the formation of Si–O–Ti bonds in novel silica xerogel (SiO2) glass ceramic produced from an amorphous SX derived from sago waste ash. The composition had been prepared by adding various amounts of TiO2, from 20 wt% to 80 wt%, into the amorphous SiO2, and then a series of samples were sintered at 1200°C for 2 hours. The influence of the content of TiO2 and the sintering temperature on the properties of TiO2, namely crystallite size and formation of Si–O–Ti bonds, has been studied in detail. The properties of the produced ceramics have been characterized on the basis of the experimental data obtained using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. It has been found that an addition of SiO2 confers an appreciable effect on the quantity of Si–O–Ti bonds. The interpretation of the XRD pattern allows one to explain the increase in the crystallite size of rutile TiO2 by a decreased quantity of Si–O–Ti bonds.