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Background: Complex orbital fractures are impure orbital fractures because they involve the orbital walls and mid-facial bones. The author reported an orbital wall restoration technique in which the primary orbital wall fragments were restored to their prior position in complex orbital fractures in 2020. As a follow-up to a previous preliminary study, this study retrospectively reviewed the surgical results of complex orbital wall fractures over a 4-year period and compared the surgical outcomes by dividing them into groups with and without balloon restoration.Methods: Data of 939 patients with facial bone fractures between August 2018 and August 2022 were reviewed. Of these, 154 had complex orbital fractures. Among them, 44 and 110 underwent reduction with and without the balloon technique respectively. Pre- and postoperative Naugle exophthalmometer (Good-Lite Co.) scales were evaluated. The orbital volume and orbital volume ratio were calculated from preoperative and 6 months postoperative computed tomography images.Results: Among 154 patients with complex orbital fractures, 44 patients underwent restoration with the balloon technique, and 110 patients underwent restoration without it. The Naugle scale did not differ significantly between the two groups, but the orbital volume ratio significantly decreased by 3.32% and 2.39% in groups with and without the balloon technique and the difference in OVR was significantly greater in patients in the balloon restoration group compared with the control group. Postoperative balloon rupture occurred in six out of 44 cases (13.64%). None of the six patients with balloon rupture showed significant enophthalmos at 6 months of follow-up.Conclusion: The balloon rupture rate was 13.64% (6/44 cases) with marginal screw fixation, blunt screws, and extra protection with a resorbable foam dressing. Furthermore, we restored the orbital wall with primary orbital fragments using balloon support in complex orbital wall fractures.

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of Arctigenin on cell growth and the mechanism of cell death elicited by Arctigenin were examined in FaDu human pharyngeal carcinoma cells. To determine the apoptotic activity of Arctigenin in FaDu human pharyngeal carcinoma cells, cell viability assay, DAPI staining, caspase activation analysis, and immunoblotting were performed. Arctigenin inhibited the growth of cells in a dose-dependent manner and induced nuclear condensation and fragmentation. Arctigenin-treated cells showed caspase-3/7 activation and increased apoptosis versus control cells. FasL, a death ligand associated with extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathways, was up-regulated by Arctigenin treatment. Moreover, caspase-8, a part of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, was activated by Arctigenin treatments. Expressions of anti-apoptotic factors such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, components of the mitochondria-dependent intrinsic apoptosis pathway, significantly decreased following Arctigenin treatment. The expressions of pro-apoptotic factors such as BAX, BAD and caspase-9, and tumor suppressor -53 increased by Arctigenin treatments. In addition, Arctigenin activated caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) induced cell death. Arctigenin also inhibited the proliferation of FaDu cells by the suppression of p38, NF-κB, and Akt signaling pathways. These results suggest that Arctigenin may inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptotic cell death in FaDu human pharyngeal carcinoma cells through both the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic pathway and the death receptor-mediated extrinsic pathway.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, short rod-shaped and motile novel bacterial strain, designated MAHUQ-52T, was isolated from the rhizospheric soil of a banana plant. Colonies grew at 10–35 °C (optimum, 28 °C), pH 6.0–9.5 (optimum, pH 7.0–7.5), and in the presence of 0–1.0 % NaCl (optimum 0 %). The strain was positive for catalase and oxidase tests, as well as hydrolysis of gelatin, casein, starch and Tween 20. Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences, strain MAHUQ-52T clustered together within the genus Massilia . Strain MAHUQ-52T was closely related to Massilia soli R798T (98.6 %) and Massilia polaris RP-1-19T (98.3 %). The novel strain MAHUQ-52T has a draft genome size of 4 677 454 bp (25 contigs), annotated with 4193 protein-coding genes, 64 tRNA and 19 rRNA genes. The genomic DNA G+C content was 63.0 %. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain MAHUQ-52T and closely related type strains were ≤88.4 and 35.8 %, respectively. The only respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8. The major fatty acids were identified as C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C15 : 0 iso 2-OH and/or C16 : 1 ω7c). Strain MAHUQ-52T contained phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as the major polar lipids. On the basis of dDDH and ANI values, as well as genotypic, chemotaxonomic and physiological data, strain MAHUQ-52T represents a novel species within the genus Massilia , for which the name Massilia agrisoli sp. nov. is proposed, with MAHUQ-52T (=KACC 21999T=CGMCC 1.18577T) as the type strain.

Purpose: This study aims to research the effects the quality of beauty welfare service for the elderly has on the psychological happiness of the elderly and have the government or a local self-governing body effectively provide the elderly with beauty welfare service.Method: In this study, a survey was conducted from November 22 to December 5 (2 weeks), 2021 for the elderly receiving elderly customized care services in Nonsan and Chungcheongnam-do, and the final 329 copies were used for analysis. As for the analysis method, frequency analysis was performed to identify general characteristics, factor analysis and reliability analysis were performed to analyze the validity and reliability of the measurement tool, and correlation analysis was performed to identify the correlation between independent and dependent variables.Results: As a result of conducting this study, first, the guarantee of beauty welfare service was shown to have a statistically significant (p

Bacteriophages (phages) infecting specifically target bacteria utilize a unique lysis module known as the holin-endolysin cassette to release progeny. Studies on the phage lytic proteins could contribute to the development of alternatives to antibiotics. Here, we predicted and identified the holin protein of rV5-like phage ECP26 for increasing lytic activity of the phage endolysin. In silico analysis revealed that open reading frame 151 (ORF151) of ECP26 contained two transmembrane domains. Co-expression of endolysin with ORF151 resulted in the cell lysis of Escherichia coli, suggesting that ORF151 protein functioned as the holin that disrupted the cytoplasmic membrane. The putative holin showed a high amino acid homology by more than 80% to the predicted holins of rV5-like phages. Therefore, the holin protein would be helpful for developing efficient lysis strategies with endolysin against gram-negative E. coli. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-022-01089-w.

A polymer/small-molecule binary-blend hole transport layer provided balanced charge transport and efficient recombination of electrons and holes in the perovskite layer, and an optimal device based on the blended HTL shows the highest EQE of 5.30%.

With advances in flexible electronics, innovative foldable, rollable, and stretchable displays have been developed to maintain their performance under various deformations. These flexible devices can develop more innovative designs than conventional devices due to their light weight, high space efficiency, and practical convenience. However, developing flexible devices requires material innovation because the devices must be flexible and exhibit desirable electrical insulating/semiconducting/metallic properties. Recently, emerging two-dimensional materials such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and transition metal dichalcogenides have attracted considerable research attention because of their outstanding electrical, optical, and mechanical properties, which are ideal for flexible electronics. We review the recent progress and challenges of two-dimensional material growth and display applications, and discuss perspectives for exploring two-dimensional materials for display applications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Due to the increased morbidity and mortality by fungal infections and the emergence of severe antifungal resistance, there is an urgent need for new antifungal agents. Here, we screened for antifungal activity in our in-house library through the minimum inhibitory concentration test and derived two hit compounds with moderate antifungal activities. The hit compounds' antifungal activities and drug-like properties were optimized by substituting various aryl ring, alkyl chain, and methyl groups. Among the optimized compounds, 22h was the most promising candidate with good drug-like properties and exhibited potent fast-acting fungicidal antifungal effects against various fungal pathogens and synergistic antifungal activities with some known antifungal drugs. Additionally, 22h was further confirmed to disturb fungal cell wall integrity by activating multiple cell wall integrity pathways. Furthermore, 22h exerted significant antifungal efficacy in both the subcutaneous infection mouse model and ex vivo human nail infection model.

Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4 has been shown to improve the immune system by regulating interleukin (IL)-6 in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. In this study, the dead cells of B. bifidum BGN4 were produced by enzymatic and physical processing to enhance the inhibition properties of pro-inflammatory cytokines using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Notably, the secretion levels of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were decreased by the cell-wall disrupted extracts compared to heat-killed cells. The result suggests that the exposed interior-surface of B. bifidum BGN4 has a potential ability to regulate the immune-responses in the gastrointestinal tract due to major substances in inside-cell wall such as peptidoglycan and teichoic acids. In conclusion, the lysed and disrupted cells from the inside out of B. bifidum BGN4 have anti-inflammatory properties as paraprobiotic agents to control chronic inflammatory related-diseases.

Endolysin, a peptidoglycan hydrolase derived from bacteriophage, has been suggested as an alternative antimicrobial agent. Many endolysins on staphylococcal phages have been identified and applied extensively against Staphylococcus spp. Among them, LysK-like endolysin, a well-studied staphylococcal endolysin, accounts for most of the identified endolysins. However, relatively little interest has been paid to LysKunlike endolysin and a few of them has been characterized. An endolysin LysSAP33 encoded on bacteriophage SAP33 shared low homology with LysK-like endolysin in sequence by 41% and domain composition (CHAP-unknown CBD). A green fluorescence assay using a fusion protein for LysSAP33_CBD indicated that the CBD domain (157-251 aa) was bound to the peptidoglycan of S. aureus. The deletion of LysSAP33_CBD at the C-terminal region resulted in a significant decrease in lytic activity and efficacy. Compared to LysK-like endolysin, LysSAP33 retained its lytic activity in a broader range of temperature, pH, and NaCl concentrations. In addition, it showed a higher activity against biofilms than LysK-like endolysin. This study could be a helpful tool to develop our understanding of staphylococcal endolysins not belonging to LysK-like endolysins and a potential biocontrol agent against biofilms.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile novel bacterial strain, designated MAHUQ-58T, was isolated from soil sample of a rice field. The colonies were observed to be light pink-coloured, smooth, spherical and 0.6–1.0 mm in diameter when grown on nutrient agar (NA) medium for 2 days. Strain MAHUQ-58T was found to be able to grow at 15–40 °C, at pH 5.5–10.0 and with 0–1.0 % NaCl (w/v). Cell growth occurred on tryptone soya agar, Luria–Bertani agar, NA, MacConkey agar and Reasoner's 2A agar. The strain was found to be positive for both oxidase and catalase tests. The strain was positive for hydrolysis of Tween 20 and l-tyrosine. According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, the isolate was identified as a member of the genus Pseudomonas and to be closely related to Pseudomonas oryzae WM-3T (98.9 % similarity), Pseudomonas linyingensis LYBRD3-7T (97.7 %), Pseudomonas sagittaria JCM 18195 T (97.6 %) and Pseudomonas guangdongensis SgZ-6T (97.2 %). The novel strain MAHUQ-58T has a draft genome size of 4 536 129 bp (46 contigs), annotated with 4064 protein-coding genes, 60 tRNA genes and four rRNA genes. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain MAHUQ-58T and four closely related type strains were in the range of 85.5–89.5 % and 29.5–38.0 %, respectively. The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 67.0 mol%. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone 9. The major fatty acids were identified as C16:0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω6c and/or C16 : 1 ω7c) and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω6c and/or C18 : 1 ω7c). On the basis of dDDH and ANI values, genotypic results, and chemotaxonomic and physiological data, strain MAHUQ-58T represents a novel species within the genus Pseudomonas , for which the name Pseudomonas oryzagri sp. nov. is proposed, with MAHUQ-58T (=KACC 22005T=CGMCC 1.18518T) as the type strain.

While plastic surgeons have been historically indispensable in the reconstruction of posttraumatic defects, their role in trauma centers worldwide has not been clearly defined. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the contribution of plastic surgeons in trauma care using machine learning from an anatomic injury viewpoint. We conducted a retrospective study reviewing the data for all trauma patients of our hospital from March 2019 to February 2021. In total, 4809 patients were classified in duplicate according to the 17 trauma-related departments while conducting the initial treatment. We evaluated several covariates, including age, sex, cause of trauma, treatment outcomes, surgical data, and severity indices, such as the Injury Severity Score and Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS). A random forest algorithm was used to rank the relevance of 17 trauma-related departments in each category for the AIS and outcomes. Additionally, t test and chi-square test were performed to compare two groups, which were based on whether the patients had received initial treatment in the trauma bay from the plastic surgery department (PS group) or not (non-PS group), in each AIS category. The department of PS was ranked first in the face and external categories after analyzing the relevance of the 17 trauma-related departments in six categories of AIS, through the random forest algorithm. Of the 1108 patients in the face category of AIS, the PS group was not correlated with all outcomes, except for the rate of discharge to home (P .0001). Upon re-verifying the results using random forest, we found that PS did not affect the outcomes. In the external category in AIS, there were 30 patients in the PS group and 56 patients in the non-PS group, and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups when comparing the outcomes. PS has contributed considerably to the face and external regions among the six AIS categories; however, there was no correlation between plastic surgical treatment and the outcome of trauma patients. We investigated the plastic surgeons' role based on anatomical injury, using machine learning for the first time in the field of trauma care.