Merna Armanious, Justine V. Cohen, Syed S. Mahmood, Doll Lauren Alexandra Golden, Otavio R. Coelho-Filho, Brian J. Forrestal, Franck Thuny, Stéphane Ederhy, Carlo G. Tocchetti, Raymond Y. Kwong, Lucie Heinzerling, Tomas G. Neilan, Rongras Damrongwatanasuk, Gagan Sahni, Dipti Gupta, Sean P. Murphy, Jonathan W. Weinsaft, Daniel A. Zlotoff, Kerry L. Reynolds, Anju Nohria, Paaladinesh Thavendiranathan, Connor P. Mulligan, Michael C. Kirchberger, Muhammad A. Rizvi, Raza M. Alvi, Sarju Ganatra, James R. Stone, Ana Barac, Lili Zhang, Carol L. Chen, John D. Groarke, Donald P. Lawrence, A. John Baksi, Michael Mahmoudi, Magid Awadalla, Valentina Mercurio, Maeve Jones-O'Connor, Malek Z.O. Hassan, Eric H. Yang, Javid Moslehi, Adam Rokicki, Alexander R. Lyon, Ryan J. Sullivan, Michael G. Fradley, Virulence bactérienne et maladies infectieuses (VBMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Weill Cornell Medicine [Cornell University], Cornell University [New York], Brigham and Women's Hospital [Boston], Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition = Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition research (C2VN), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center [Seattle] (FHCRC), King‘s College London, Weill Cornell Medicine [New York], Zhang, Lili, Awadalla, Magid, Mahmood, Syed S, Nohria, Anju, Hassan, Malek Z O, Thuny, Franck, Zlotoff, Daniel A, Murphy, Sean P, Stone, James R, Golden, Doll Lauren Alexandra, Alvi, Raza M, Rokicki, Adam, Jones-O'Connor, Maeve, Cohen, Justine V, Heinzerling, Lucie M, Mulligan, Connor, Armanious, Merna, Barac, Ana, Forrestal, Brian J, Sullivan, Ryan J, Kwong, Raymond Y, Yang, Eric H, Damrongwatanasuk, Rongra, Chen, Carol L, Gupta, Dipti, Kirchberger, Michael C, Moslehi, Javid J, Coelho-Filho, Otavio R, Ganatra, Sarju, Rizvi, Muhammad A, Sahni, Gagan, Tocchetti, Carlo G, Mercurio, Valentina, Mahmoudi, Michael, Lawrence, Donald P, Reynolds, Kerry L, Weinsaft, Jonathan W, Baksi, A John, Ederhy, Stephane, Groarke, John D, Lyon, Alexander R, Fradley, Michael G, Thavendiranathan, Paaladinesh, and Neilan, Tomas G
Author(s): Zhang, Lili; Awadalla, Magid; Mahmood, Syed S; Nohria, Anju; Hassan, Malek Z O; Thuny, Franck; Zlotoff, Daniel A; Murphy, Sean P; Stone, James R; Golden, Doll Lauren Alexandra; Alvi, Raza M; Rokicki, Adam; Jones-O'Connor, Maeve; Cohen, Justine V; Heinzerling, Lucie M; Mulligan, Connor; Armanious, Merna; Barac, Ana; Forrestal, Brian J; Sullivan, Ryan J; Kwong, Raymond Y; Yang, Eric H; Damrongwatanasuk, Rongras; Chen, Carol L; Gupta, Dipti; Kirchberger, Michael C; Moslehi, Javid J; Coelho-Filho, Otavio R; Ganatra, Sarju; Rizvi, Muhammad A; Sahni, Gagan; Tocchetti, Carlo G; Mercurio, Valentina; Mahmoudi, Michael; Lawrence, Donald P; Reynolds, Kerry L; Weinsaft, Jonathan W; Baksi, A John; Ederhy, Stephane; Groarke, John D; Lyon, Alexander R; Fradley, Michael G; Thavendiranathan, Paaladinesh; Neilan, Tomas G | Abstract: Myocarditis is a potentially fatal complication of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Sparse data exist on the use of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in ICI-associated myocarditis. In this study, the CMR characteristics and the association between CMR features and cardiovascular events among patients with ICI-associated myocarditis are presented.From an international registry of patients with ICI-associated myocarditis, clinical, CMR, and histopathological findings were collected. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were a composite of cardiovascular death, cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, and complete heart block. In 103 patients diagnosed with ICI-associated myocarditis who had a CMR, the mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 50%, and 61% of patients had an LVEF ≥50%. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was present in 48% overall, 55% of the reduced EF, and 43% of the preserved EF cohort. Elevated T2-weighted short tau inversion recovery (STIR) was present in 28% overall, 30% of the reduced EF, and 26% of the preserved EF cohort. The presence of LGE increased from 21.6%, when CMR was performed within 4 days of admission to 72.0% when CMR was performed on Day 4 of admission or later. Fifty-six patients had cardiac pathology. Late gadolinium enhancement was present in 35% of patients with pathological fibrosis and elevated T2-weighted STIR signal was present in 26% with a lymphocytic infiltration. Forty-one patients (40%) had MACE over a follow-up time of 5 months. The presence of LGE, LGE pattern, or elevated T2-weighted STIR were not associated with MACE.These data suggest caution in reliance on LGE or a qualitative T2-STIR-only approach for the exclusion of ICI-associated myocarditis.