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3,165 results on '"Jones, Samuel"'

2. The role of accelerometer-derived sleep traits on glycated haemoglobin and glucose levels: a Mendelian randomization study

Author

Liu, Junxi, Richmond, Rebecca C., Anderson, Emma L., Bowden, Jack, Barry, Ciarrah-Jane S., Dashti, Hassan S., Daghlas, Iyas S., Lane, Jacqueline M., Kyle, Simon D., Vetter, Céline, Morrison, Claire L., Jones, Samuel E., Wood, Andrew R., Frayling, Timothy M., Wright, Alison K., Carr, Matthew J., Anderson, Simon G., Emsley, Richard A., Ray, David W., Weedon, Michael N., Saxena, Richa, Rutter, Martin K., and Lawlor, Deborah A.

Published
2024
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5. Validation methodologies for turbulent variable density flows: A jet case study

Author

Davis, Austin, Jones, Samuel, Charonko, John J., Malone, Chris M., and Prestridge, Katherine

Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
Abstract

Comparisons studies between simulated variable density turbulent flows often consist of direct graphical representations where the level of agreement is determined by eye. This work demonstrates a formal validation methodology using an existing validation framework to examine the agreement between a simulated variable density jet flow and corresponding experimental data. Implicit large eddy simulations (ILES's) of a round jet and a plane jet with density ratio $s = 4.2$ were simulated using the compressible hydrodynamic code xRAGE. The jet growth, characterized by the spreading rates, was compared, and the difference between the simulations and the experiment was examined through jet structure diagnostics. The spreading rates were found to be larger than the experimental values, primarily due to resolution issues in the simulations, a fact that is quantified by the validation metric analysis., Comment: 19 pages, 13 figures

Published
2023

6. Type Ia Supernova Nucleosynthesis: Metallicity-Dependent Yields

Author

Keegans, James D, Pignatari, Marco, Stancliffe, Richard J, Travaglio, Claudia, Jones, Samuel, Gibson, Brad K, Townsley, Dean M, Miles, Broxton J, Shen, Ken J, and Few, Gareth

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Type Ia supernova explosions (SNIa) are fundamental sources of elements for the chemical evolution of galaxies. They efficiently produce intermediate-mass (with Z between 11 and 20) and iron group elements - for example, about 70% of the solar iron is expected to be made by SNIa. In this work, we calculate complete abundance yields for 39 models of SNIa explosions, based on three progenitors - a 1.4M deflagration detonation model, a 1.0 double detonation model and a 0.8 M double detonation model - and 13 metallicities, with 22Ne mass fractions of 0, 1x10-7, 1x10-6, 1x10-5, 1x10-4, 1x10-3, 2x10-3, 5x10-3, 1x10-2, 1.4x10-2, 5x10-2, and 0.1 respectively. Nucleosynthesis calculations are done using the NuGrid suite of codes, using a consistent nuclear reaction network between the models. Complete tables with yields and production factors are provided online at Zenodo: Yields. We discuss the main properties of our yields in the light of the present understanding of SNIa nucleosynthesis, depending on different progenitor mass and composition. Finally, we compare our results with a number of relevant models from the literature., Comment: 42 pages, 21 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJS 21-06-23

Published
2023
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7. Characterizing the structure of mouse behavior using Motion Sequencing

Author

Lin, Sherry, Gillis, Winthrop F., Weinreb, Caleb, Zeine, Ayman, Jones, Samuel C., Robinson, Emma M., Markowitz, Jeffrey, and Datta, Sandeep Robert

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods, Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition
Abstract

Spontaneous mouse behavior is composed from repeatedly-used modules of movement (e.g., rearing, running, grooming) that are flexibly placed into sequences whose content evolves over time. By identifying behavioral modules and the order in which they are expressed, researchers can gain insight into the impact of drugs, genes, context, sensory stimuli and neural activity on behavior. Here we present a protocol for performing Motion Sequencing (MoSeq), an ethologically-inspired method that uses 3D machine vision and unsupervised machine learning to decompose spontaneous mouse behavior in the laboratory into a series of elemental modules called "syllables". This protocol is based upon a notebook-based pipeline for MoSeq that includes modules for depth video acquisition, data pre-processing and modeling, as well as a standardized set of visualization tools. Users are provided with instructions and code for building a MoSeq imaging rig and acquiring three-dimensional video of spontaneous mouse behavior for submission to the modeling framework; the outputs of this protocol include syllable labels for each frame of video data as well as summary plots describing how often each syllable was used and how syllables transitioned from one to the other over time. This protocol and the accompanying pipeline significantly lower the bar for adopting this unsupervised, data-driven approach to characterizing mouse behavior, enabling users without significant computational ethology experience to gain insight into how the structure of behavior is altered after experimental manipulations., Comment: 63 pages, 11 figures, 7 tables

Published
2022

11. DFORMPY: A Python Library for visualising and zooming on differential forms

Author

Gharamti, Moustafa, Jarema, Maciej, and Kirwin-Jones, Samuel

Subjects
Computer Science - Symbolic Computation, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract

We present the v1.0.1 release of DFormPy, the first Python library providing an interactive visualisation of differential forms. DFormPy is also capable of exterior algebra and vector calculus, building on the capabilities of NumPy and matplotlib. This short paper will demonstrate the functionalities of the library, briefly outlining the mathematics involved with our objects and the methods available to the user. DFormPy is an open source library with interactive GUI released under MIT license at https://github.com/MostaphaG/Summer_project-df

Published
2022

12. Genetic and functional analysis of Raynaud’s syndrome implicates loci in vasculature and immunity

Author

Tervi, Anniina, Ramste, Markus, Abner, Erik, Cheng, Paul, Lane, Jacqueline M., Maher, Matthew, Valliere, Jesse, Lammi, Vilma, Strausz, Satu, Riikonen, Juha, Nguyen, Trieu, Martyn, Gabriella E., Sheth, Maya U., Xia, Fan, Docampo, Mauro Lago, Gu, Wenduo, Esko, Tõnu, Saxena, Richa, Pirinen, Matti, Palotie, Aarno, Ripatti, Samuli, Sinnott-Armstrong, Nasa, Daly, Mark, Engreitz, Jesse M., Rabinovitch, Marlene, Heckman, Caroline A., Quertermous, Thomas, Jones, Samuel E., and Ollila, Hanna M.

Published
2024
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15. Synthetic observables for electron-capture supernovae and low-mass core collapse supernovae

Author

Kozyreva, Alexandra, Baklanov, Petr, Jones, Samuel, Stockinger, Georg, and Janka, Hans-Thomas

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Stars in the mass range from 8 to 10 solar masses are expected to produce one of two types of supernovae (SNe), either electron-capture supernovae (ECSNe) or core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe), depending on their previous evolution. Either of the associated progenitors retain extended and massive hydrogen-rich envelopes, the observables of these SNe are, therefore, expected to be similar. In this study we explore the differences in these two types of SNe. Specifically, we investigate three different progenitor models: a solar-metallicity ECSN progenitor with an initial mass of 8.8 solar masses, a zero-metallicity progenitor with 9.6 solar masses, and a solar-metallicity progenitor with 9 solar masses, carrying out radiative transfer simulations for these progenitors. We present the resulting light curves for these models. The models exhibit very low photospheric velocity variations of about 2000 km/s, therefore, this may serve as a convenient indicator of low-mass SNe. The ECSN has very unique light curves in broad bands, especially the U band, and does not resemble any currently observed SN. This ECSN progenitor being part of a binary will lose its envelope for which reason the light curve becomes short and undetectable. The SN from the 9.6 solar masses progenitor exhibits also quite an unusual light curve, explained by the absence of metals in the initial composition. The artificially iron polluted 9.6 solar masses model demonstrates light curves closer to normal SNe IIP. The SN from the 9 solar masses progenitor remains the best candidate for so-called low-luminosity SNe IIP like SN 1999br and SN 2005cs., Comment: 19 pages, 19 figures. Accepted by MNRAS

Published
2021
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16. The impact of Mendelian sleep and circadian genetic variants in a population setting

Author

Weedon, Michael N, Jones, Samuel E, Lane, Jacqueline M, Lee, Jiwon, Ollila, Hanna M, Dawes, Amy, Tyrrell, Jess, Beaumont, Robin N, Partonen, Timo, Merikanto, Ilona, Rich, Stephen S, Rotter, Jerome I, Frayling, Timothy M, Rutter, Martin K, Redline, Susan, Sofer, Tamar, Saxena, Richa, and Wood, Andrew R

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Genetics, Sleep Research, Clinical Research, Neurosciences, Human Genome, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Circadian Rhythm, Humans, Phenotype, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Sleep, Sleep Wake Disorders, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Rare variants in ten genes have been reported to cause Mendelian sleep conditions characterised by extreme sleep duration or timing. These include familial natural short sleep (ADRB1, DEC2/BHLHE41, GRM1 and NPSR1), advanced sleep phase (PER2, PER3, CRY2, CSNK1D and TIMELESS) and delayed sleep phase (CRY1). The association of variants in these genes with extreme sleep conditions were usually based on clinically ascertained families, and their effects when identified in the population are unknown. We aimed to determine the effects of these variants on sleep traits in large population-based cohorts. We performed genetic association analysis of variants previously reported to be causal for Mendelian sleep and circadian conditions. Analyses were performed using 191,929 individuals with data on sleep and whole-exome or genome-sequence data from 4 population-based studies: UK Biobank, FINRISK, Health-2000-2001, and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). We identified sleep disorders from self-report, hospital and primary care data. We estimated sleep duration and timing measures from self-report and accelerometery data. We identified carriers for 10 out of 12 previously reported pathogenic variants for 8 of the 10 genes. They ranged in frequency from 1 individual with the variant in CSNK1D to 1,574 individuals with a reported variant in the PER3 gene in the UK Biobank. No carriers for variants reported in NPSR1 or PER2 were identified. We found no association between variants analyzed and extreme sleep or circadian phenotypes. Using sleep timing as a proxy measure for sleep phase, only PER3 and CRY1 variants demonstrated association with earlier and later sleep timing, respectively; however, the magnitude of effect was smaller than previously reported (sleep midpoint ~7 mins earlier and ~5 mins later, respectively). We also performed burden tests of protein truncating (PTVs) or rare missense variants for the 10 genes. Only PTVs in PER2 and PER3 were associated with a relevant trait (for example, 64 individuals with a PTV in PER2 had an odds ratio of 4.4 for being "definitely a morning person", P = 4x10-8; and had a 57-minute earlier midpoint sleep, P = 5x10-7). Our results indicate that previously reported variants for Mendelian sleep and circadian conditions are often not highly penetrant when ascertained incidentally from the general population.

Published
2022

20. BMAL1 loss in oligodendroglia contributes to abnormal myelination and sleep

Author

Rojo, Daniela, Dal Cengio, Louisa, Badner, Anna, Kim, Samuel, Sakai, Noriaki, Greene, Jacob, Dierckx, Tess, Mehl, Lindsey C., Eisinger, Ella, Ransom, Julia, Arellano-Garcia, Caroline, Gumma, Mohammad E., Soyk, Rebecca L., Lewis, Cheyanne M., Lam, Mable, Weigel, Maya K., Damonte, Valentina Martinez, Yalçın, Belgin, Jones, Samuel E., Ollila, Hanna M., Nishino, Seiji, and Gibson, Erin M.

Published
2023
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21. The Nucleosynthetic Yields of Core-Collapse Supernovae, prospects for the Next Generation of Gamma-Ray Astronomy

Author

Andrews, Sydney, Fryer, Chris L., Jones, Samuel W., Even, Wesley P., and Pignatari, Marco

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Though the neutrino-driven convection model for the core-collapse explosion mechanism has received strong support in recent years, there are still many uncertainties in the explosion parameters -- such as explosion energy, remnant mass, and end-of-life stellar abundances as initial conditions. Using a broad set of spherically symmetric core-collapse simulations we examine the effects of these key parameters on explosive nucleosynthesis and final explosion yields. Post-bounce temperature and density evolution of ZAMS 15, 20, and 25 solar mass progenitors are post-processed through the Nucleosynthesis Grid (NuGrid) nuclear network to obtain detailed explosive yields. In particular, this study focuses on radio-isotopes that are of particular interest to the next generation of gamma-ray astronomical observations; 43K, 47Ca, 44Sc, 47Sc, 48V, 48Cr, 51Cr, 52Mn, 59Fe, 56Co, 57Co, 57Ni. These nuclides may be key in advancing our understanding of the inner workings of core-collapse supernovae by probing the parameters of the explosion engine. We find that the isotopes that are strong indicators of explosion energy are 43K, 47Ca, 44Sc, 47Sc, and 59Fe, those that are dependent on the progenitor structure are 48V, 51Cr, and 57Co, and those that probe neither are 48Cr, 52Mn, 57Ni, and 56Co. We discuss prospects of observing these radionuclides in supernova remnants., Comment: 17 pages, 19 figures, submitted to ApJ

Published
2019
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22. Effects of sleep disturbance on dyspnoea and impaired lung function following hospital admission due to COVID-19 in the UK: a prospective multicentre cohort study

Author

Jackson, C, Stewart, I D, Plekhanova, T, Cunningham, P S, Hazel, A L, Al-Sheklly, B, Aul, R, Bolton, C E, Chalder, T, Chalmers, J D, Chaudhuri, N, Docherty, A B, Donaldson, G, Edwardson, C L, Elneima, O, Greening, N J, Hanley, N A, Harris, V C, Harrison, E M, Ho, L-P, Houchen-Wolloff, L, Howard, L S, Jolley, C J, Jones, M G, Leavy, O C, Lewis, K E, Lone, N I, Marks, M, McAuley, H J C, McNarry, M A, Patel, B, Piper-Hanley, K, Poinasamy, K, Raman, B, Richardson, M, Rivera-Ortega, P, Rowland-Jones, S L, Rowlands, A V, Saunders, R M, Scott, J T, Sereno, M, Shah, A M, Shikotra, A, Singapuri, A, Stanel, S C, Thorpe, M, Wootton, D G, Yates, T, Jenkins, G, Singh, S J, Man, W D-C, Brightling, C E, Wain, L V, Porter, J C, Thompson, R, Horsley, A, Molyneaux, P L, Evans, R A, Jones, S E, Rutter, M K, Blaikley, J F, Abel, K, Adamali, H, Adeloye, D, Adeyemi, O, Adrego, R, Aguilar Jimenez, L A, Ahmad, S, Ahmad Haider, N, Ahmed, R, Ahwireng, N, Ainsworth, M, Alamoudi, A, Ali, M, Aljaroof, M, All, AM, Allan, L, Allen, R J, Allerton, L, Allsop, L, Almeida, P, Altmann, D, Alvarez Corral, M, Amoils, S, Anderson, D, Antoniades, C, Arbane, G, Arias, A, Armour, C, Armstrong, L, Armstrong, N, Arnold, D, Arnold, H, Ashish, A, Ashworth, A, Ashworth, M, Aslani, S, Assefa-Kebede, H, Atkin, C, Atkin, P, Aung, H, Austin, L, Avram, C, Ayoub, A, Babores, M, Baggott, R, Bagshaw, J, Baguley, D, Bailey, L, Baillie, J K, Bain, S, Bakali, M, Bakau, M, Baldry, E, Baldwin, D, Baldwin, M, Ballard, C, Banerjee, A, Bang, B, Barker, R E, Barman, L, Barratt, S, Barrett, F, Basire, D, Basu, N, Bates, M, Bates, A, Batterham, R, Baxendale, H, Bayes, H, Beadsworth, M, Beckett, P, Beggs, M, Begum, M, Beirne, P, Bell, D, Bell, R, Bennett, K, Beranova, E, Bermperi, A, Berridge, A, Berry, C, Betts, S, Bevan, E, Bhui, K, Bingham, M, Birchall, K, Bishop, L, Bisnauthsing, K, Blaikely, J, Bloss, A, Bolger, A, Bonnington, J, Botkai, A, Bourne, C, Bourne, M, Bramham, K, Brear, L, Breen, G, Breeze, J, Briggs, A, Bright, E, Brill, S, Brindle, K, Broad, L, Broadley, A, Brookes, C, Broome, M, Brown, A, Brown, J, Brown, J S, Brown, M, Brown, V, Brugha, T, Brunskill, N, Buch, M, Buckley, P, Bularga, A, Bullmore, E, Burden, L, Burdett, T, Burn, D, Burns, G, Burns, A, Busby, J, Butcher, R, Butt, A, Byrne, S, Cairns, P, Calder, P C, Calvelo, E, Carborn, H, Card, B, Carr, C, Carr, L, Carson, G, Carter, P, Casey, A, Cassar, M, Cavanagh, J, Chablani, M, Chambers, R C, Chan, F, Channon, K M, Chapman, K, Charalambou, A, Checkley, A, Chen, J, Cheng, Y, Chetham, L, Childs, C, Chilvers, E R, Chinoy, H, Chiribiri, A, Chong-James, K, Choudhury, G, Choudhury, N, Chowienczyk, P, Christie, C, Chrystal, M, Clark, D, Clark, C, Clarke, J, Clohisey, S, Coakley, G, Coburn, Z, Coetzee, S, Cole, J, Coleman, C, Conneh, F, Connell, D, Connolly, B, Connor, L, Cook, A, Cooper, B, Cooper, J, Cooper, S, Copeland, D, Cosier, T, Coulding, M, Coupland, C, Cox, E, Craig, T, Crisp, P, Cristiano, D, Crooks, M G, Cross, A, Cruz, I, Cullinan, P, Cuthbertson, D, Daines, L, Dalton, M, Daly, P, Daniels, A, Dark, P, Dasgin, J, David, A, David, C, Davies, E, Davies, F, Davies, G, Davies, G A, Davies, K, Davies, M J, Dawson, J, Daynes, E, De Soyza, A, Deakin, B, Deans, A, Deas, C, Deery, J, Defres, S, Dell, A, Dempsey, K, Denneny, E, Dennis, J, Dewar, A, Dharmagunawardena, R, Diar-Bakerly, N, Dickens, C, Dipper, A, Diver, S, Diwanji, S N, Dixon, M, Djukanovic, R, Dobson, H, Dobson, S L, Donaldson, A, Dong, T, Dormand, N, Dougherty, A, Dowling, R, Drain, S, Draxlbauer, K, Drury, K, Dulawan, P, Dunleavy, A, Dunn, S, Dupont, C, Earley, J, Easom, N, Echevarria, C, Edwards, S, Edwardson, C, El-Taweel, H, Elliott, A, Elliott, K, Ellis, Y, Elmer, A, Evans, D, Evans, H, Evans, J, Evans, R, Evans, R I, Evans, T, Evenden, C, Evison, L, Fabbri, L, Fairbairn, S, Fairman, A, Fallon, K, Faluyi, D, Favager, C, Fayzan, T, Featherstone, J, Felton, T, Finch, J, Finney, S, Finnigan, J, Finnigan, L, Fisher, H, Fletcher, S, Flockton, R, Flynn, M, Foot, H, Foote, D, Ford, A, Forton, D, Fraile, E, Francis, C, Francis, R, Francis, S, Frankel, A, Fraser, E, Free, R, French, N, Fu, X, Fuld, J, Furniss, J, Garner, L, Gautam, N, Geddes, J R, George, J, George, P M, Gibbons, M, Gill, M, Gilmour, L, Gleeson, F, Glossop, J, Glover, S, Goodman, N, Goodwin, C, Gooptu, B, Gordon, H, Gorsuch, T, Greatorex, M, Greenhaff, P L, Greenhalf, W, Greenhalgh, A, Greenwood, J, Gregory, H, Gregory, R, Grieve, D, Griffin, D, Griffiths, L, Guerdette, A-M, Guillen Guio, B, Gummadi, M, Gupta, A, Gurram, S, Guthrie, E, Guy, Z, Henson, H, Hadley, K, Haggar, A, Hainey, K, Hairsine, B, Haldar, P, Hall, I, Hall, L, Halling-Brown, M, Hamil, R, Hancock, A, Hancock, K, Haq, S, Hardwick, H E, Hardy, E, Hardy, T, Hargadon, B, Harrington, K, Harris, E, Harrison, P, Hart, N, Harvey, A, Harvey, M, Harvie, M, Haslam, L, Havinden-Williams, M, Hawkes, J, Hawkings, N, Haworth, J, Hayday, A, Haynes, M, Hazeldine, J, Hazelton, T, Heaney, L G, Heeley, C, Heeney, J L, Heightman, M, Heller, S, Henderson, M, Hesselden, L, Hewitt, M, Highett, V, Hillman, T, Hiwot, T, Hoare, A, Hoare, M, Hockridge, J, Hogarth, P, Holbourn, A, Holden, S, Holdsworth, L, Holgate, D, Holland, M, Holloway, L, Holmes, K, Holmes, M, Holroyd-Hind, B, Holt, L, Hormis, A, Hosseini, A, Hotopf, M, Howard, K, Howell, A, Hufton, E, Hughes, A D, Hughes, J, Hughes, R, Humphries, A, Huneke, N, Hurditch, E, Hurst, J, Husain, M, Hussell, T, Hutchinson, J, Ibrahim, W, Ilyas, F, Ingham, J, Ingram, L, Ionita, D, Isaacs, K, Ismail, K, Jackson, T, Jacob, J, James, W Y, Jang, W, Jarman, C, Jarrold, I, Jarvis, H, Jastrub, R, Jayaraman, B, Jenkins, R G, Jezzard, P, Jiwa, K, Johnson, C, Johnson, S, Johnston, D, Jones, D, Jones, G, Jones, H, Jones, I, Jones, L, Jones, S, Jose, S, Kabir, T, Kaltsakas, G, Kamwa, V, Kanellakis, N, Kaprowska, S, Kausar, Z, Keenan, N, Kelly, S, Kemp, G, Kerr, S, Kerslake, H, Key, A L, Khan, F, Khunti, K, Kilroy, S, King, B, King, C, Kingham, L, Kirk, J, Kitterick, P, Klenerman, P, Knibbs, L, Knight, S, Knighton, A, Kon, O, Kon, S, Kon, S S, Koprowska, S, Korszun, A, Koychev, I, Kurasz, C, Kurupati, P, Laing, C, Lamlum, H, Landers, G, Langenberg, C, Lasserson, D, Lavelle-Langham, L, Lawrie, A, Lawson, C, Layton, A, Lea, A, Lee, D, Lee, J-H, Lee, E, Leitch, K, Lenagh, R, Lewis, D, Lewis, J, Lewis, V, Lewis-Burke, N, Li, X, Light, T, Lightstone, L, Lilaonitkul, W, Lim, L, Linford, S, Lingford-Hughes, A, Lipman, M, Liyanage, K, Lloyd, A, Logan, S, Lomas, D, Loosley, R, Lord, J M, Lota, H, Lovegrove, W, Lucey, A, Lukaschuk, E, Lye, A, Lynch, C, MacDonald, S, MacGowan, G, Macharia, I, Mackie, J, Macliver, L, Madathil, S, Madzamba, G, Magee, N, Magtoto, M M, Mairs, N, Majeed, N, Major, E, Malein, F, Malim, M, Mallison, G, Mandal, S, Mangion, K, Manisty, C, Manley, R, March, K, Marciniak, S, Marino, P, Mariveles, M, Marouzet, E, Marsh, S, Marshall, B, Marshall, M, Martin, J, Martineau, A, Martinez, L M, Maskell, N, Matila, D, Matimba-Mupaya, W, Matthews, L, Mbuyisa, A, McAdoo, S, McAllister-Williams, H, McArdle, A, McArdle, P, McAulay, D, McCann, G P, McCormick, J, McCormick, W, McCourt, P, McGarvey, L, McGhee, C, Mcgee, K, McGinness, J, McGlynn, K, McGovern, A, McGuinness, H, McInnes, I B, McIntosh, J, McIvor, E, McIvor, K, McLeavey, L, McMahon, A, McMahon, M J, McMorrow, L, Mcnally, T, McNarry, M, McNeill, J, McQueen, A, McShane, H, Mears, C, Megson, C, Megson, S, Mehta, P, Meiring, J, Melling, L, Mencias, M, Menzies, D, Merida Morillas, M, Michael, A, Miller, C, Milligan, L, Mills, C, Mills, G, Mills, N L, Milner, L, Misra, S, Mitchell, J, Mohamed, A, Mohamed, N, Mohammed, S, Monteiro, W, Moriera, S, Morley, A, Morrison, L, Morriss, R, Morrow, A, Moss, A J, Moss, P, Motohashi, K, Msimanga, N, Mukaetova-Ladinska, E, Munawar, U, Murira, J, Nanda, U, Nassa, H, Nasseri, M, Neal, A, Needham, R, Neill, P, Neubauer, S, Newby, D E, Newell, H, Newman, T, Newman, J, Newton-Cox, A, Nicholson, T, Nicoll, D, Nikolaidis, A, Nolan, C M, Noonan, M J, Norman, C, Novotny, P, Nunag, J, Nwafor, L, Nwanguma, U, Nyaboko, J, O'Brien, C, O'Donnell, K, O'Regan, D, O'Brien, L, Odell, N, Ogg, G, Olaosebikan, O, Oliver, C, Omar, Z, Openshaw, P J M, Orriss-Dib, L, Osborne, L, Osbourne, R, Ostermann, M, Overton, C, Owen, J, Oxton, J, Pack, J, Pacpaco, E, Paddick, S, Painter, S, Pakzad, A, Palmer, S, Papineni, P, Paques, K, Paradowski, K, Pareek, M, Parekh, D, Parfrey, H, Pariante, C, Parker, S, Parkes, M, Parmar, J, Patale, S, Patel, M, Patel, S, Pattenadk, D, Pavlides, M, Payne, S, Pearce, L, Pearl, J E, Peckham, D, Pendlebury, J, Peng, Y, Pennington, C, Peralta, I, Perkins, E, Peterkin, Z, Peto, T, Petousi, N, Petrie, J, Pfeffer, P, Phipps, J, Pimm, J, Pius, R, Plant, H, Plein, S, Plowright, M, Polgar, O, Poll, L, Porter, J, Portukhay, S, Powell, N, Prabhu, A, Pratt, J, Price, A, Price, C, Price, D, Price, L, Prickett, A, Propescu, J, Prosper, S, Pugmire, S, Quaid, S, Quigley, J, Quint, J, Qureshi, H, Qureshi, I N, Radhakrishnan, K, Rahman, N M, Ralser, M, Ramos, A, Ramos, H, Rangeley, J, Rangelov, B, Ratcliffe, L, Ravencroft, P, Reddington, A, Reddy, R, Reddy, A, Redfearn, H, Redwood, D, Reed, A, Rees, M, Rees, T, Regan, K, Reynolds, W, Ribeiro, C, Richards, A, Richardson, E, Roberts, K, Robertson, E, Robinson, E, Robinson, L, Roche, L, Roddis, C, Rodger, J, Ross, A, Ross, G, Rossdale, J, Rostron, A, Rowe, A, Rowland, A, Rowland, J, Rowland, M J, Roy, K, Roy, M, Rudan, I, Russell, R, Russell, E, Saalmink, G, Sabit, R, Sage, E K, Samakomva, T, Samani, N, Sampson, C, Samuel, K, Samuel, R, Sanderson, A, Sapey, E, Saralaya, D, Sargent, J, Sarginson, C, Sass, T, Sattar, N, Saunders, K, Saunders, P, Saunders, L C, Savill, H, Saxon, W, Sayer, A, Schronce, J, Schwaeble, W, Scott, K, Selby, N, Semple, M G, Sewell, T A, Shah, K, Shah, P, Shankar-Hari, M, Sharma, M, Sharpe, C, Sharpe, M, Shashaa, S, Shaw, A, Shaw, K, Shaw, V, Sheikh, A, Shelton, S, Shenton, L, Shevket, K, Short, J, Siddique, S, Siddiqui, S, Sidebottom, J, Sigfrid, L, Simons, G, Simpson, J, Simpson, N, Singh, C, Sissons, D, Skeemer, J, Slack, K, Smith, A, Smith, D, Smith, S, Smith, J, Smith, L, Soares, M, Solano, T S, Solly, R, Solstice, A R, Soulsby, T, Southern, D, Sowter, D, Spears, M, Spencer, L G, Speranza, F, Stadon, L, Stanel, S, Steele, N, Steiner, M, Stensel, D, Stephens, G, Stephenson, L, Stern, M, Stimpson, R, Stockdale, S, Stockley, J, Stoker, W, Stone, R, Storrar, W, Storrie, A, Storton, K, Stringer, E, Strong-Sheldrake, S, Stroud, N, Subbe, C, Sudlow, C L, Suleiman, Z, Summers, C, Summersgill, C, Sutherland, D, Sykes, D L, Sykes, R, Talbot, N, Tan, A L, Tarusan, L, Tavoukjian, V, Taylor, A, Taylor, C, Taylor, J, Te, A, Tedd, H, Tee, C J, Teixeira, J, Tench, H, Terry, S, Thackray-Nocera, S, Thaivalappil, F, Thamu, B, Thickett, D, Thomas, C, Thomas, D C, Thomas, S, Thomas, A K, Thomas-Woods, T, Thompson, T, Thompson, A A R, Thornton, T, Thwaites, R S, Tilley, J, Tinker, N, Tiongson, G F, Tobin, M, Tomlinson, J, Tong, C, Toshner, M, Touyz, R, Tripp, K A, Tunnicliffe, E, Turnbull, A, Turner, E, Turner, S, Turner, V, Turner, K, Turney, S, Turtle, L, Turton, H, Ugoji, J, Ugwuoke, R, Upthegrove, R, Valabhji, J, Ventura, M, Vere, J, Vickers, C, Vinson, B, Wade, E, Wade, P, Wainwright, T, Wajero, L O, Walder, S, Walker, S, Wall, E, Wallis, T, Walmsley, S, Walsh, J A, Walsh, S, Warburton, L, Ward, T J C, Warwick, K, Wassall, H, Waterson, S, Watson, E, Watson, L, Watson, J, Weir McCall, J, Welch, C, Welch, H, Welsh, B, Wessely, S, West, S, Weston, H, Wheeler, H, White, S, Whitehead, V, Whitney, J, Whittaker, S, Whittam, B, Whitworth, V, Wight, A, Wild, J M, Wilkins, M, Wilkinson, D, Williams, B, Williams, N, Williams, J, Williams-Howard, S A, Willicombe, M, Willis, G, Willoughby, J, Wilson, A, Wilson, D, Wilson, I, Window, N, Witham, M, Wolf-Roberts, R, Wood, C, Woodhead, F, Woods, J, Wormleighton, J, Worsley, J, Wraith, D, Wrey Brown, C, Wright, C, Wright, L, Wright, S, Wyles, J, Wynter, I, Xu, M, Yasmin, N, Yasmin, S, Yip, K P, Young, B, Young, S, Young, A, Yousuf, A J, Zawia, A, Zeidan, L, Zhao, B, Zheng, B, Zongo, O, Jackson, Callum, Stewart, Iain D, Plekhanova, Tatiana, Cunningham, Peter S, Hazel, Andrew L, Al-Sheklly, Bashar, Aul, Raminder, Bolton, Charlotte E, Chalder, Trudie, Chalmers, James D, Chaudhuri, Nazia, Docherty, Annemarie B, Donaldson, Gavin, Edwardson, Charlotte L, Elneima, Omer, Greening, Neil J, Hanley, Neil A, Harris, Victoria C, Harrison, Ewen M, Ho, Ling-Pei, Houchen-Wolloff, Linzy, Howard, Luke S, Jolley, Caroline J, Jones, Mark G, Leavy, Olivia C, Lewis, Keir E, Lone, Nazir I, Marks, Michael, McAuley, Hamish J C, McNarry, Melitta A, Patel, Brijesh V, Piper-Hanley, Karen, Poinasamy, Krisnah, Raman, Betty, Richardson, Matthew, Rivera-Ortega, Pilar, Rowland-Jones, Sarah L, Rowlands, Alex V, Saunders, Ruth M, Scott, Janet T, Sereno, Marco, Shah, Ajay M, Shikotra, Aarti, Singapuri, Amisha, Stanel, Stefan C, Thorpe, Mathew, Wootton, Daniel G, Yates, Thomas, Gisli Jenkins, R, Singh, Sally J, Man, William D-C, Brightling, Christopher E, Wain, Louise V, Porter, Joanna C, Thompson, A A Roger, Horsley, Alex, Molyneaux, Philip L, Evans, Rachael A, Jones, Samuel E, Rutter, Martin K, and Blaikley, John F

Published
2023
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23. Chromium Nucleosynthesis and Silicon-Carbon Shell Mergers in Massive Stars

Author

Côté, Benoit, Jones, Samuel, Herwig, Falk, and Pignatari, Marco

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We analyze the production of the element Cr in galactic chemical evolution (GCE) models using the NuGrid nucleosynthesis yields set. We show that the unusually large [Cr/Fe] abundance at [Fe/H] $\approx 0$ reported by previous studies using those yields and predicted by our Milky Way model originates from the merging of convective Si-burning and C-burning shells in a 20 $M_\odot$ model at metallicity $Z=0.01$, about an hour before the star explodes. This merger mixes the incomplete burning material in the Si shell, including $^{51}$V and $^{52}$Cr, out to the edge of the carbon/oxygen (CO) core. The adopted supernova model ejects the outer 2 $M_\odot$ of the CO core, which includes a significant fraction of the Cr-rich material. When including this 20 $M_\odot$ model at $Z=0.01$ in the yields interpolation scheme of our GCE model for stars in between 15 and 25 $M_\odot$, we overestimate [Cr/Fe] by an order of magnitude at [Fe/H] $\approx$ 0 relative to observations in the Galactic disk. This raises a number of questions regarding the occurrence of Si-C shell mergers in nature, the accuracy of different simulation approaches, and the impact of such mergers on the pre-supernova structure and explosion dynamics. According to the conditions in this 1D stellar model, the substantial penetration of C-shell material into the Si-shell could launch a convective-reactive global oscillation, if a merger does take place. In any case, GCE provides stringent constraints on the outcome of this stellar evolution phase., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, submitted to ApJL

Published
2019
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24. $^{60}$Fe in core-collapse supernovae and prospects for X-ray and $\gamma$-ray detection in supernova remnants

Author

Jones, Samuel, Moeller, Heiko, Fryer, Chris L., Fontes, Christopher J., Trappitsch, Reto, Even, Wesley P., Couture, Aaron, Mumpower, Matthew R., and Safi-Harb, Samar

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We investigate $^{60}$Fe in massive stars and core-collapse supernovae focussing on uncertainties that influence its production in 15, 20 and 25 $M_\odot$ stars at solar metallicity. We find that the $^{60}$Fe yield is a monotonic increasing function of the uncertain $^{59}$Fe$(n,\gamma)^{60}$Fe cross section and that a factor of 10 reduction in the reaction rate results in a factor 8-10 reduction in the $^{60}$Fe yield; while a factor of 10 increase in the rate increases the yield by a factor 4-7. We find that none of the 189 simulations we have performed are consistent with a core-collapse supernova triggering the formation of the Solar System, and that only models using $^{59}$Fe$(n,\gamma)^{60}$Fe cross section that is less than or equal to that from NON-SMOKER can reproduce the observed $^{60}$Fe/$^{26}$Al line flux ratio in the diffuse ISM. We examine the prospects of detecting old core-collapse supernova remnants (SNRs) in the Milky Way from their $\gamma$-ray emission from the decay of $^{60}$Fe, finding that the next generation of gamma-ray missions could be able to discover up to $\sim100$ such old SNRs as well as measure the $^{60}$Fe yields of a handful of known Galactic SNRs. We also predict the X-ray spectrum that is produced by atomic transitions in $^{60}$Co following its ionization by internal conversion and give theoretical X-ray line fluxes as a function of remnant age as well as the Doppler and fine-structure line broadening effects. The X-ray emission presents an interesting prospect for addressing the missing SNR problem with future X-ray missions., Comment: 25 pages, 25 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2019
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25. Catching Element Formation In The Act

Author

Fryer, Chris L., Timmes, Frank, Hungerford, Aimee L., Couture, Aaron, Adams, Fred, Aoki, Wako, Arcones, Almudena, Arnett, David, Auchettl, Katie, Avila, Melina, Badenes, Carles, Baron, Eddie, Bauswein, Andreas, Beacom, John, Blackmon, Jeff, Blondin, Stephane, Bloser, Peter, Boggs, Steve, Boss, Alan, Brandt, Terri, Bravo, Eduardo, Brown, Ed, Brown, Peter, Budtz-Jorgensen, Steve Bruenn. Carl, Burns, Eric, Calder, Alan, Caputo, Regina, Champagne, Art, Chevalier, Roger, Chieffi, Alessandro, Chipps, Kelly, Cinabro, David, Clarkson, Ondrea, Clayton, Don, Coc, Alain, Connolly, Devin, Conroy, Charlie, Cote, Benoit, Couch, Sean, Dauphas, Nicolas, deBoer, Richard James, Deibel, Catherine, Denisenkov, Pavel, Desch, Steve, Dessart, Luc, Diehl, Roland, Doherty, Carolyn, Dominguez, Inma, Dong, Subo, Dwarkadas, Vikram, Fan, Doreen, Fields, Brian, Fields, Carl, Filippenko, Alex, Fisher, Robert, Foucart, Francois, Fransson, Claes, Frohlich, Carla, Fuller, George, Gibson, Brad, Giryanskaya, Viktoriya, Gorres, Joachim, Goriely, Stephane, Grebenev, Sergei, Grefenstette, Brian, Grohs, Evan, Guillochon, James, Harpole, Alice, Harris, Chelsea, Harris, J. Austin, Harrison, Fiona, Hartmann, Dieter, Hashimoto, Masa-aki, Heger, Alexander, Hernanz, Margarita, Herwig, Falk, Hirschi, Raphael, Hix, Raphael William, Hoflich, Peter, Hoffman, Robert, Holcomb, Cole, Hsiao, Eric, Iliadis, Christian, Janiuk, Agnieszka, Janka, Thomas, Jerkstrand, Anders, Johns, Lucas, Jones, Samuel, Jose, Jordi, Kajino, Toshitaka, Karakas, Amanda, Karpov, Platon, Kasen, Dan, Kierans, Carolyn, Kippen, Marc, Korobkin, Oleg, Kobayashi, Chiaki, Kozma, Cecilia, Krot, Saha, Kumar, Pawan, Kuvvetli, Irfan, Laird, Alison, Laming, Martin, Larsson, Josefin, Lattanzio, John, Lattimer, James, Leising, Mark, Lennarz, Annika, Lentz, Eric, Limongi, Marco, Lippuner, Jonas, Livne, Eli, Lloyd-Ronning, Nicole, Longland, Richard, Lopez, Laura A., Lugaro, Maria, Lutovinov, Alexander, Madsen, Kristin, Malone, Chris, Matteucci, Francesca, McEnery, Julie, Meisel, Zach, Messer, Bronson, Metzger, Brian, Meyer, Bradley, Meynet, Georges, Mezzacappa, Anthony, Miller, Jonah, Miller, Richard, Milne, Peter, Misch, Wendell, Mitchell, Lee, Mosta, Philipp, Motizuki, Yuko, Muller, Bernhard, Mumpower, Matthew, Murphy, Jeremiah, Nagataki, Shigehiro, Nakar, Ehud, Nomoto, Ken'ichi, Nugent, Peter, Nunes, Filomena, O'Shea, Brian, Oberlack, Uwe, Pain, Steven, Parker, Lucas, Perego, Albino, Pignatari, Marco, Pinedo, Gabriel Martinez, Plewa, Tomasz, Poznanski, Dovi, Priedhorsky, William, Pritychenko, Boris, Radice, David, Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico, Rauscher, Thomas, Reddy, Sanjay, Rehm, Ernst, Reifarth, Rene, Richman, Debra, Ricker, Paul, Rijal, Nabin, Roberts, Luke, Ropke, Friedrich, Rosswog, Stephan, Ruiter, Ashley J., Ruiz, Chris, Savin, Daniel Wolf, Schatz, Hendrik, Schneider, Dieter, Schwab, Josiah, Seitenzahl, Ivo, Shen, Ken, Siegert, Thomas, Sim, Stuart, Smith, David, Smith, Karl, Smith, Michael, Sollerman, Jesper, Sprouse, Trevor, Spyrou, Artemis, Starrfield, Sumner, Steiner, Andrew, Strong, Andrew W., Sukhbold, Tuguldur, Suntzeff, Nick, Surman, Rebecca, Tanimori, Toru, The, Lih-Sin, Thielemann, Friedrich-Karl, Tolstov, Alexey, Tominaga, Nozomu, Tomsick, John, Townsley, Dean, Tsintari, Pelagia, Tsygankov, Sergey, Vartanyan, David, Venters, Tonia, Vestrand, Tom, Vink, Jacco, Waldman, Roni, Wang, Lifang, Wang, Xilu, Warren, MacKenzie, West, Christopher, Wheeler, J. Craig, Wiescher, Michael, Winkler, Christoph, Winter, Lisa, Wolf, Bill, Woolf, Richard, Woosley, Stan, Wu, Jin, Wrede, Chris, Yamada, Shoichi, Young, Patrick, Zegers, Remco, Zingale, Michael, and Zwart, Simon Portegies

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Gamma-ray astronomy explores the most energetic photons in nature to address some of the most pressing puzzles in contemporary astrophysics. It encompasses a wide range of objects and phenomena: stars, supernovae, novae, neutron stars, stellar-mass black holes, nucleosynthesis, the interstellar medium, cosmic rays and relativistic-particle acceleration, and the evolution of galaxies. MeV gamma-rays provide a unique probe of nuclear processes in astronomy, directly measuring radioactive decay, nuclear de-excitation, and positron annihilation. The substantial information carried by gamma-ray photons allows us to see deeper into these objects, the bulk of the power is often emitted at gamma-ray energies, and radioactivity provides a natural physical clock that adds unique information. New science will be driven by time-domain population studies at gamma-ray energies. This science is enabled by next-generation gamma-ray instruments with one to two orders of magnitude better sensitivity, larger sky coverage, and faster cadence than all previous gamma-ray instruments. This transformative capability permits: (a) the accurate identification of the gamma-ray emitting objects and correlations with observations taken at other wavelengths and with other messengers; (b) construction of new gamma-ray maps of the Milky Way and other nearby galaxies where extended regions are distinguished from point sources; and (c) considerable serendipitous science of scarce events -- nearby neutron star mergers, for example. Advances in technology push the performance of new gamma-ray instruments to address a wide set of astrophysical questions., Comment: 14 pages including 3 figures

Published
2019

26. Nucleosynthetic Yields from Neutron Stars Accreting in Binary Common Envelopes

Author

Keegans, James D., Fryer, Chris L., Jones, Samuel W., Cote, Benoit, Belczynski, Krzysztof, Herwig, Falk, Pignatari, Marco, Laird, Alison M., and Diget, Christian Aa.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Massive-star binaries can undergo a phase where one of the two stars expands during its advanced evolutionary stage as a giant and envelops its companion, ejecting the hydrogen envelope and tightening its orbit. Such a common envelope phase is required to tighten the binary orbit in the formation of many of the observed X-ray binaries and merging compact binary systems. In the formation scenario for neutron star binaries, the system might pass through a phase where a neutron star spirals into the envelope of its giant star companion. These phases lead to mass accretion onto the neutron star. Accretion onto these common-envelope-phase neutron stars can eject matter that has undergone burning near to the neutron star surface. This paper presents nucleosynthetic yields of this ejected matter, using population synthesis models to study the importance of these nucleosynthetic yields in a galactic chemical evolution context. Depending on the extreme conditions in temperature and density found in the accreted material, both proton-rich and neutron-rich nucleosynthesis can be obtained, with efficient production of neutron rich isotopes of low Z material at the most extreme conditions, and proton rich isotopes, again at low Z, in lower density models. Final yields are found to be extremely sensitive to the physical modeling of the accretion phase. We show that neutron stars accreting in binary common envelopes might be a new relevant site for galactic chemical evolution, and therefore more comprehensive studies are needed to better constrain nucleosynthesis in these objects., Comment: 21 pages, 14 figures

Published
2019
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27. Mechanism of Bloom syndrome complex assembly required for double Holliday junction dissolution and genome stability

Author

Hodson, Charlotte, Low, Jason K. K., van Twest, Sylvie, Jones, Samuel E., Swuec, Paolo, Murphy, Vincent, Tsukada, Kaima, Fawkes, Matthew, Bythell-Douglas, Rohan, Davies, Adelina, Holien, Jessica K., O’Rourke, Julienne J., Parker, Benjamin L., Glaser, Astrid, Parker, Michael W., Mackay, Joel P., Blackford, Andrew N., Costa, Alessandro, and Deans, Andrew J.

Published
2022

28. The public health impact of poor sleep on severe COVID-19, influenza and upper respiratory infections

Author

Palotie, Aarno, Daly, Mark, Riley-Gills, Bridget, Jacob, Howard, Paul, Dirk, Petrovski, Slavé, Runz, Heiko, John, Sally, Okafo, George, Lawless, Nathan, Salminen-Mankonen, Heli, Plenge, Robert, Maranville, Joseph, McCarthy, Mark, Ehm, Margaret G., Auro, Kirsi, Longerich, Simonne, Mälarstig, Anders, Klinger, Katherine, Chatelain, Clement, Gossel, Matthias, Estrada, Karol, Graham, Robert, Yang, Robert, O´Donnell, Chris, Mäkelä, Tomi P., Kaprio, Jaakko, Virolainen, Petri, Hakanen, Antti, Kilpi, Terhi, Perola, Markus, Partanen, Jukka, Pitkäranta, Anne, Raivio, Taneli, Tikkanen, Jani, Serpi, Raisa, Laitinen, Tarja, Kosma, Veli-Matti, Laukkanen, Jari, Hautalahti, Marco, Tuovila, Outi, Pakkanen, Raimo, Waring, Jeffrey, Riley-Gillis, Bridget, Rahimov, Fedik, Tachmazidou, Ioanna, Chen, Chia-Yen, Ding, Zhihao, Jung, Marc, Biswas, Shameek, Pendergrass, Rion, Pulford, David, Raghavan, Neha, Huertas-Vazquez, Adriana, Sul, Jae-Hoon, Hu, Xinli, Hedman, Åsa, Rivas, Manuel, Waterworth, Dawn, Renaud, Nicole, Obeidat, Ma´en, Ripatti, Samuli, Schleutker, Johanna, Arvas, Mikko, Carpén, Olli, Hinttala, Reetta, Kettunen, Johannes, Mannermaa, Arto, Aalto-Setälä, Katriina, Kähönen, Mika, Mäkelä, Johanna, Kälviäinen, Reetta, Julkunen, Valtteri, Soininen, Hilkka, Remes, Anne, Hiltunen, Mikko, Peltola, Jukka, Raivio, Minna, Tienari, Pentti, Rinne, Juha, Kallionpää, Roosa, Partanen, Juulia, Abbasi, Ali, Ziemann, Adam, Smaoui, Nizar, Lehtonen, Anne, Eaton, Susan, Lahdenperä, Sanni, Bowers, Natalie, Teng, Edmond, Xu, Fanli, Addis, Laura, Eicher, John, Li, Qingqin S., He, Karen, Khramtsova, Ekaterina, Färkkilä, Martti, Koskela, Jukka, Pikkarainen, Sampsa, Jussila, Airi, Kaukinen, Katri, Blomster, Timo, Kiviniemi, Mikko, Voutilainen, Markku, Lu, Tim, McCarthy, Linda, Hart, Amy, Guan, Meijian, Miller, Jason, Kalpala, Kirsi, Miller, Melissa, Eklund, Kari, Palomäki, Antti, Isomäki, Pia, Pirilä, Laura, Kaipiainen-Seppänen, Oili, Huhtakangas, Johanna, Mars, Nina, Lertratanakul, Apinya, Viollet, Coralie, Hochfeld, Marla, Gordillo, Jorge Esparza, Farias, Fabiana, Bing, Nan, Pelkonen, Margit, Kauppi, Paula, Kankaanranta, Hannu, Harju, Terttu, Lahesmaa, Riitta, Chen, Hubert, Betts, Joanna, Mishra, Rajashree, Mouded, Majd, Ngo, Debby, Niiranen, Teemu, Vaura, Felix, Salomaa, Veikko, Metsärinne, Kaj, Aittokallio, Jenni, Hernesniemi, Jussi, Gordin, Daniel, Sinisalo, Juha, Taskinen, Marja-Riitta, Tuomi, Tiinamaija, Hiltunen, Timo, Elliott, Amanda, Reeve, Mary Pat, Ruotsalainen, Sanni, Chu, Audrey, Reilly, Dermot, Mendelson, Mike, Parkkinen, Jaakko, Meretoja, Tuomo, Joensuu, Heikki, Mattson, Johanna, Salminen, Eveliina, Auranen, Annika, Karihtala, Peeter, Auvinen, Päivi, Elenius, Klaus, Pitkänen, Esa, Popovic, Relja, Fabre, Margarete, Schutzman, Jennifer, Kulkarni, Diptee, Porello, Alessandro, Loboda, Andrey, Lehtonen, Heli, McDonough, Stefan, Vuoti, Sauli, Kaarniranta, Kai, Turunen, Joni A., Ollila, Terhi, Uusitalo, Hannu, Karjalainen, Juha, Liu, Mengzhen, Loomis, Stephanie, Strauss, Erich, Chen, Hao, Tasanen, Kaisa, Huilaja, Laura, Hannula-Jouppi, Katariina, Salmi, Teea, Peltonen, Sirkku, Koulu, Leena, Choy, David, Wu, Ying, Pussinen, Pirkko, Salminen, Aino, Salo, Tuula, Rice, David, Nieminen, Pekka, Palotie, Ulla, Siponen, Maria, Suominen, Liisa, Mäntylä, Päivi, Gursoy, Ulvi, Anttonen, Vuokko, Sipilä, Kirsi, Laivuori, Hannele, Kurra, Venla, Kotaniemi-Talonen, Laura, Heikinheimo, Oskari, Kalliala, Ilkka, Aaltonen, Lauri, Jokimaa, Varpu, Vääräsmäki, Marja, Uimari, Outi, Morin-Papunen, Laure, Niinimäki, Maarit, Piltonen, Terhi, Kivinen, Katja, Widen, Elisabeth, Tukiainen, Taru, Välimäki, Niko, Laakkonen, Eija, Tyrmi, Jaakko, Silven, Heidi, Sliz, Eeva, Arffman, Riikka, Savukoski, Susanna, Laisk, Triin, Pujol, Natalia, Kumar, Janet, Hovatta, Iiris, Isometsä, Erkki, Ollila, Hanna, Suvisaari, Jaana, Als, Thomas Damm, Mäkitie, Antti, Bizaki-Vallaskangas, Argyro, Toppila-Salmi, Sanna, Willberg, Tytti, Saarentaus, Elmo, Aarnisalo, Antti, Rahikkala, Elisa, Aittomäki, Kristiina, Åberg, Fredrik, Kurki, Mitja, Havulinna, Aki, Mehtonen, Juha, Palta, Priit, Hassan, Shabbeer, Della Briotta Parolo, Pietro, Zhou, Wei, Maasha, Mutaamba, Lemmelä, Susanna, Liu, Aoxing, Lehisto, Arto, Ganna, Andrea, Llorens, Vincent, Heyne, Henrike, Rämö, Joel, Rodosthenous, Rodos, Strausz, Satu, Palotie, Tuula, Palin, Kimmo, Garcia-Tabuenca, Javier, Siirtola, Harri, Kiiskinen, Tuomo, Lee, Jiwoo, Tsuo, Kristin, Kristiansson, Kati, Hyvärinen, Kati, Ritari, Jarmo, Pylkäs, Katri, Karjalainen, Minna, Mantere, Tuomo, Kangasniemi, Eeva, Heikkinen, Sami, Pitkänen, Nina, Lessard, Samuel, Chatelain, Clément, Kallio, Lila, Wahlfors, Tiina, Punkka, Eero, Siltanen, Sanna, Kuopio, Teijo, Jalanko, Anu, Shen, Huei-Yi, Kajanne, Risto, Aavikko, Mervi, Leinonen, Rasko, Palin, Henna, Linna, Malla-Maria, Kanai, Masahiro, Zheng, Zhili, Lahtela, L. Elisa, Kaunisto, Mari, Kilpeläinen, Elina, Sipilä, Timo P., Dada, Oluwaseun Alexander, Ghazal, Awaisa, Kytölä, Anastasia, Weldatsadik, Rigbe, Donner, Kati, Loukola, Anu, Laiho, Päivi, Sistonen, Tuuli, Kaiharju, Essi, Laukkanen, Markku, Järvensivu, Elina, Lähteenmäki, Sini, Männikkö, Lotta, Wong, Regis, Toivola, Auli, Brunfeldt, Minna, Mattsson, Hannele, Koskelainen, Sami, Hiekkalinna, Tero, Paajanen, Teemu, Pärn, Kalle, Kals, Mart, Luo, Shuang, Padmanabhuni, Shanmukha Sampath, Niemi, Marianna, Gracia-Tabuenca, Javier, Helminen, Mika, Luukkaala, Tiina, Vähätalo, Iida, Tammerluoto, Jyrki, Smith, Sarah, Southerington, Tom, Lehto, Petri, Jones, Samuel E., Maisha, Fahrisa I., Strausz, Satu J., Lammi, Vilma, Cade, Brian E., Tervi, Anniina, Helaakoski, Viola, Broberg, Martin E., Lane, Jacqueline M., Redline, Susan, Saxena, Richa, and Ollila, Hanna M.

Published
2023
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33. Towards a mechanistic understanding of elevational range occupation and territorial behaviour in tropical montane songbirds

Author

Jones, Samuel

Subjects
Tropical birds, Physiology, Territorial behavior, Mountain, Range restriction, Mesoamerica, Interspecific competition, Metabolic rate
Abstract

Tropical mountains are some of the most biodiverse environments on earth. Typical of these gradients are the distinct elevational ranges of species along them, where related species occupy narrow elevational distributions that infrequently overlap. The mechanisms maintaining these patterns remain poorly understood, however, hampering our understanding of the processes that have created them, and our ability to accurately project changes along them in the face of warming climates. Similarly poorly known is how, or whether, life-history characteristics of tropical species mechanistically relate to their physiology/energetics. It has been hypothesised, however, that the lower metabolic rates of tropical species arise either from adaption to warmer, more stable tropical environments, or from the direct energetic costs associated with innate species characteristics (such as their behavioural traits). This thesis addresses these two topics by studying tropical montane songbirds in Mesoamerica. Firstly, I assess the drivers of elevational range segregations along tropical mountains in line with three longstanding hypotheses; physiological specialisation to elevation-specific microclimates, habitat preferences and interspecific competition. Secondly I explore how the physiology of montane songbirds differs between seasons, and between species that occupy different elevational ranges. In addition, for one species I assess whether physiological shifts drive territorial behaviour, consistent with the suggestion that the pace of life of tropical birds is innately linked to their energetic expenditure.

Published
2020

34. Prediction Cannot Be Directly Trained: An Extension to Jones and Westermann (2021)

Author

Jones, Samuel David and Westermann, Gert

Subjects
Health
Abstract

In January 2021, we published an article titled 'Predictive Processing and Developmental Language Disorder' in the Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. The current commentary provides an important extension to this work. Specifically, we aim to head off the suggestion that a child's 'predictive capacity' may be trained independently of improving the quality of their long-term speech representations., In January 2021, we published an article entitled 'Predictive Processing and Developmental Language Disorder' in the Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research (S. D. Jones & Westermann, 2021). In [...]

Published
2022
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36. The i-process yields of rapidly-accreting white dwarfs from multicycle He-shell flash stellar evolution models with mixing parameterizations from 3D hydrodynamics simulations

Author

Denissenkov, Pavel, Herwig, Falk, Woodward, Paul, Andrassy, Robert, Pignatari, Marco, and Jones, Samuel

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We have modelled the multicycle evolution of rapidly-accreting CO white dwarfs (RAWDs) with stable H burning intermittent with strong He-shell flashes on their surfaces for $0.7\leq M_\mathrm{RAWD}/M_\odot\leq 0.75$ and [Fe/H] ranging from $0$ to $-2.6$. We have also computed the i-process nucleosynthesis yields for these models. The i process occurs when convection driven by the He-shell flash ingests protons from the accreted H-rich surface layer, which results in maximum neutron densities $N_\mathrm{n,max}\approx 10^{13}$-$10^{15}\ \mathrm{cm}^{-3}$. The H-ingestion rate and the convective boundary mixing (CBM) parameter $f_\mathrm{top}$ adopted in the one-dimensional nucleosynthesis and stellar evolution models are constrained through 3D hydrodynamic simulations. The mass ingestion rate and, for the first time, the scaling laws for the CBM parameter $f_\mathrm{top}$ have been determined from 3D hydrodynamic simulations. We confirm our previous result that the high-metallicity RAWDs have a low mass retention efficiency ($\eta < 10\%$). A new result is that RAWDs with [Fe/H]$< -2$ have $\eta > 20\%$, therefore their masses may reach the Chandrasekhar limit and they may eventually explode as SNeIa. This result and the good fits of the i-process yields from the metal-poor RAWDs to the observed chemical composition of the CEMP-r/s stars suggest that some of the present-day CEMP-r/s stars could be former distant members of triple systems, orbiting close binary systems with RAWDs that may have later exploded as SNeIa., Comment: 15 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2018
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38. Catching Element Formation In The Act

Author

Fryer, Chris L, Timmes, Frank, Hungerford, Aimee L, Couture, Aaron, Adams, Fred, Aoki, Wako, Arcones, Almudena, Arnett, David, Auchettl, Katie, Avila, Melina, Badenes, Carles, Baron, Eddie, Bauswein, Andreas, Beacom, John, Blackmon, Jeff, Blondin, Stephane, Bloser, Peter, Boggs, Steve, Boss, Alan, Brandt, Terri, Bravo, Eduardo, Brown, Ed, Brown, Peter, Budtz-Jorgensen, Steve Bruenn Carl, Burns, Eric, Calder, Alan, Caputo, Regina, Champagne, Art, Chevalier, Roger, Chieffi, Alessandro, Chipps, Kelly, Cinabro, David, Clarkson, Ondrea, Clayton, Don, Coc, Alain, Connolly, Devin, Conroy, Charlie, Cote, Benoit, Couch, Sean, Dauphas, Nicolas, deBoer, Richard James, Deibel, Catherine, Denisenkov, Pavel, Desch, Steve, Dessart, Luc, Diehl, Roland, Doherty, Carolyn, Dominguez, Inma, Dong, Subo, Dwarkadas, Vikram, Fan, Doreen, Fields, Brian, Fields, Carl, Filippenko, Alex, Fisher, Robert, Foucart, Francois, Fransson, Claes, Frohlich, Carla, Fuller, George, Gibson, Brad, Giryanskaya, Viktoriya, Gorres, Joachim, Goriely, Stephane, Grebenev, Sergei, Grefenstette, Brian, Grohs, Evan, Guillochon, James, Harpole, Alice, Harris, Chelsea, Harris, J Austin, Harrison, Fiona, Hartmann, Dieter, Hashimoto, Masa-aki, Heger, Alexander, Hernanz, Margarita, Herwig, Falk, Hirschi, Raphael, Hix, Raphael William, Hoflich, Peter, Hoffman, Robert, Holcomb, Cole, Hsiao, Eric, Iliadis, Christian, Janiuk, Agnieszka, Janka, Thomas, Jerkstrand, Anders, Johns, Lucas, Jones, Samuel, Jose, Jordi, Kajino, Toshitaka, Karakas, Amanda, Karpov, Platon, Kasen, Dan, Kierans, Carolyn, Kippen, Marc, Korobkin, Oleg, Kobayashi, Chiaki, Kozma, Cecilia, Krot, Saha, and Kumar, Pawan

Subjects
astro-ph.HE
Abstract

Gamma-ray astronomy explores the most energetic photons in nature to addresssome of the most pressing puzzles in contemporary astrophysics. It encompassesa wide range of objects and phenomena: stars, supernovae, novae, neutron stars,stellar-mass black holes, nucleosynthesis, the interstellar medium, cosmic raysand relativistic-particle acceleration, and the evolution of galaxies. MeVgamma-rays provide a unique probe of nuclear processes in astronomy, directlymeasuring radioactive decay, nuclear de-excitation, and positron annihilation.The substantial information carried by gamma-ray photons allows us to seedeeper into these objects, the bulk of the power is often emitted at gamma-rayenergies, and radioactivity provides a natural physical clock that adds uniqueinformation. New science will be driven by time-domain population studies atgamma-ray energies. This science is enabled by next-generation gamma-rayinstruments with one to two orders of magnitude better sensitivity, larger skycoverage, and faster cadence than all previous gamma-ray instruments. Thistransformative capability permits: (a) the accurate identification of thegamma-ray emitting objects and correlations with observations taken at otherwavelengths and with other messengers; (b) construction of new gamma-ray mapsof the Milky Way and other nearby galaxies where extended regions aredistinguished from point sources; and (c) considerable serendipitous science ofscarce events -- nearby neutron star mergers, for example. Advances intechnology push the performance of new gamma-ray instruments to address a wideset of astrophysical questions.

Published
2019

39. Mitotic DNA synthesis is caused by transcription-replication conflicts in BRCA2-deficient cells

Author

Groelly, Florian J., Dagg, Rebecca A., Petropoulos, Michalis, Rossetti, Giacomo G., Prasad, Birbal, Panagopoulos, Andreas, Paulsen, Teressa, Karamichali, Angeliki, Jones, Samuel E., Ochs, Fena, Dionellis, Vasilis S., Puig Lombardi, Emilia, Miossec, Matthieu J., Lockstone, Helen, Legube, Gaëlle, Blackford, Andrew N., Altmeyer, Matthias, Halazonetis, Thanos D., and Tarsounas, Madalena

Published
2022
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41. Mechanisms of audiovisual integration in the young and healthy ageing brain

Author

Jones, Samuel A.

Subjects
612.8, BF Psychology
Abstract

Throughout our lifespan we are continually exposed to a barrage of multisensory signals. It is only by successfully resolving these signals into a veridical percept that we are able to interact effectively with the world. This crucial process of multisensory integration has previously been shown to change as we age, but the mechanisms underlying these age differences are not well understood. The work described in this thesis applied behavioural testing, psychophysics, computational modelling, and functional MRI to improve our understanding of the relationship between healthy brain ageing and audiovisual integration. Following a review of the existing literature (Chapter 1) and a description of methodology (Chapter 2), I describe a study that utilised Bayesian modelling to describe age differences in responses to a spatial ventriloquist paradigm (Chapter 3). This study revealed that older adults ultimately respond in a similar way to younger adults when presented with audiovisual spatial cues, but reaction time analyses indicated the possibility of different underlying mechanisms. The research outlined in Chapter 4 thus used multivariate analysis of functional MRI data to investigate the cortical networks underpinning audiovisual spatial integration in older adults, finding that these remain largely unchanged throughout the adult lifespan. In Chapter 5 I describe a study that instead applied functional MRI to the investigation of audiovisual speech comprehension and its interactions with age, asynchrony, and background noise. We show that older adults’ speech comprehension is more impaired by the presence of background noise and stimulus asynchrony, but that their perception of the asynchrony itself is intact. We demonstrate neural effects that account for these age differences. Finally, in Chapter 6 I review these various findings and explore their implications in relation to previous and future research.

Published
2019

42. Nid trwy sbectol y sais y dylai Cymro edrych ar wlad ddieithe : astudiaeth o gyfieithiadau T. Hudson-Williams o'r rwseg i'r Gymraeg

Author

Jones, Samuel and Price, Angharad

Subjects
880, rwseg, cyfieithu, T. Hudson-Williams
Abstract

Mae'r astudiaeth hon yn canolbwyntio ar fywyd a gwaith T. Hudson-Williams (1873-1961), a fu'n Athro Groeg ym Mhrifysgol Bangor rhwng 1904 a 1940. Canolbwyntir ar ei gyfieithiadau Cymraeg o lenyddiaeth Rwseg, yn arbennig y ddau gyfieithiad canlynol: Yr Wylan, cyfieithiad o'r ddrama Чайка (Seagull) gan Anton Tshechoff ac Y Tadau a'r Plant, cyfieithiad o'r nofel Отцы и дети (Fathers and Sons) gan Ifan Twrgenieff. Dyma'r astudiaeth gyntaf o fywyd a gwaith T. Hudson-Williams, ac felly cynhwysir pennod gofiannol fanwl er mwyn sicrhau nad yw ei hanes yn mynd yn angof. Yn y bennod hon, archwilir y dylanwadau a fu arno ac edrychir ar rai o'i brif gyhoeddiadau. Ceir hefyd drafodaeth ar waith anghyhoeddedig T. Hudson-Williams. Yn yr ail bennod, canolbwyntir ar waith T. Hudson-Williams fel ieithydd. Trwy ddadansoddi ei erthyglau a'i ysgrifau niferus yn y maes hwn, yn ogystal â'r ddwy gyfrol, A Short Introduction to the Study of Comparative Grammar (1935) ac Atgofion am Gaernarfon (1950), amlygir agwedd fodern, ryddfrydol T. Hudson-Williams at iaith. Mae'r bennod ddilynol yn dadansoddi rhai o gyfieithiadau cynharaf T. Hudson-Williams o lenyddiaeth Rwseg, sef ei gyfieithiadau o ddramâu Anton Tshechoff, gyda phwyslais arbennig ar Yr Wylan. Gofynnir beth a symbylodd T. Hudson-Williams i gyfieithu'r ddrama hon, a beth yw ei harwyddocâd fel rhan o'r canon llenyddol Cymraeg? Er mwyn ateb y cwestiynau hyn, ystyrir cyd-destun y ddrama Gymraeg yn ystod hanner cyntaf yr ugeinfed ganrif. Awgrymir hefyd y bu cyfieithu yn fodd i T. Hudson-Williams fynegi ei syniadau am yr iaith Gymraeg. Yn y drydedd bennod, datblygir y drafodaeth ar y berthynas rhwng cyfieithiadau T. Hudson-Williams a'i waith ym maes ieithyddiaeth ymhellach. Dadansoddir ieithwedd Ewropeaidd Ifan Twrgenieff a gwelir sut mae T. Hudson-Williams yn trawsblannu'r ieithwedd hon i'w gyfieithiad, Y Tadau a'r Plant. At hynny, astudir agwedd T. Hudson-Williams at eiriau benthyg yn y Gymraeg ac edrychir ar ei ddefnydd ohonynt yn y cyfieithiad hwn. Gwelir cyfochredd rhwng agwedd T. Hudson-Williams a Twrgenieff at eiriau benthyg.

Published
2019

44. Testing a one-dimensional prescription of dynamical shear mixing with a two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulation

Author

Edelmann, Philipp V. F., Roepke, Friedrich K., Hirschi, Raphael, Georgy, Cyril, and Jones, Samuel

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

The treatment of mixing processes is still one of the major uncertainties in 1D stellar evolution models. This is mostly due to the need to parametrize and approximate aspects of hydrodynamics in hydrostatic codes. In particular, the effect of hydrodynamic instabilities in rotating stars, for example, dynamical shear instability, evades consistent description. We intend to study the accuracy of the diffusion approximation to dynamical shear in hydrostatic stellar evolution models by comparing 1D models to a first-principle hydrodynamics simulation starting from the same initial conditions. We chose an initial model calculated with the stellar evolution code GENEC that is just at the onset of a dynamical shear instability but does not show any other instabilities (e.g., convection). This was mapped to the hydrodynamics code SLH to perform a 2D simulation in the equatorial plane. We compare the resulting profiles in the two codes and compute an effective diffusion coefficient for the hydro simulation. Shear instabilities develop in the 2D simulation in the regions predicted by linear theory to become unstable in the 1D model. Angular velocity and chemical composition is redistributed in the unstable region, thereby creating new unstable regions. Eventually the 2D simulation settles in a symmetric, steady state, which is Richardson stable everywhere, whereas the instability remains for longer in the 1D model due to current limitations in the 1D code. A spatially resolved diffusion coefficient is extracted by comparing the initial and final profiles of mean atomic mass. The presented simulation gives a first insight on hydrodynamics of shear instabilities in a real stellar environment and even allows us to directly extract an effective diffusion coefficient. We see evidence for a critical Richardson number of 0.25 as regions above this value remain stable for the course of the simulation., Comment: 15 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication by A&A, movie available at https://slh-code.org/papers/dynshear

Published
2017
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45. Developmental changes in nuclear lamina components during germ cell differentiation.

Author

Perales, Isabella E., Jones, Samuel D., Piaszynski, Katherine M., and Geyer, Pamela K.

Subjects
*GERM cell differentiation, *GERM cells, *NUCLEAR structure, *STEM cells, *NUCLEAR proteins, *EGGSHELLS
Abstract

The nuclear lamina (NL) changes composition for regulation of nuclear events. We investigated changes that occur in Drosophila oogenesis, revealing switches in NL composition during germ cell differentiation. Germline stem cells (GSCs) express only LamB and predominantly emerin, whereas differentiating nurse cells predominantly express LamC and emerin2. A change in LamC-specific localization also occurs, wherein phosphorylated LamC redistributes to the nuclear interior only in the oocyte, prior to transcriptional reactivation of the meiotic genome. These changes support existing concepts that LamC promotes differentiation, a premise that was tested. Remarkably ectopic LamC production in GSCs did not promote premature differentiation. Increased LamC levels in differentiating germ cells altered internal nuclear structure, increased RNA production, and reduced female fertility due to defects in eggshell formation. These studies suggest differences between Drosophila lamins are regulatory, not functional, and reveal an unexpected robustness to level changes of a major scaffolding component of the NL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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46. Emerin preserves stem cell survival through maintenance of centrosome and nuclear lamina structure.

Author

Jones, Samuel D., Miller, Jack E. B., Amos, Madilynn M., Hernández, Julianna M., Piaszynski, Katherine M., and Geyer, Pamela K.

Subjects
*GERM cell differentiation, *NUCLEAR structure, *CELL survival, *CENTROSOMES, *STEM cells
Abstract

Drosophila female germline stem cells (GSCs) complete asymmetric mitosis in the presence of an intact, but permeable, nuclear envelope and nuclear lamina (NL). This asymmetric division requires amodified centrosome cycle, where in mitotic centrosomes with mature pericentriolar material (PCM) embed in the NL and interphase centrosomes with reduced PCM leave the NL. This centrosome cycle requires Emerin, an NL protein required for GSC survival and germ cell differentiation. In emerin mutants, interphase GSC centrosomes retain excess PCM, remain embedded in the NL and nucleate microtubule asters at positions of NL distortion. Here, we investigate the contributions of abnormal interphase centrosomes to GSC loss. Remarkably, reducing interphase PCM in emerin mutants rescues GSC survival and partially restores germ cell differentiation. Direct tests of the effects of abnormal centrosomes were achieved by expression of constitutively active Polo kinase to drive enlargement of interphase centrosomes in wild-type GSCs. Notably, these conditions failed to alter NL structure or decrease GSC survival. However, coupling enlarged interphase centrosomes with nuclear distortion promoted GSC loss. These studies establish that Emerin maintains centrosome structure to preserve stem cell survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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47. Predictive Processing and Developmental Language Disorder

Author

Jones, Samuel David and Westermann, Gert

Abstract

Purpose: Research in the cognitive and neural sciences has situated predictive processing--the anticipation of upcoming percepts--as a dominant function of the brain. The purpose of this article is to argue that prediction should feature more prominently in explanatory accounts of sentence processing and comprehension deficits in developmental language disorder (DLD). Method: We evaluate behavioral and neurophysiological data relevant to the theme of prediction in early typical and atypical language acquisition and processing. Results: Poor syntactic awareness--attributable, in part, to an underlying statistical learning deficit--is likely to impede syntax-based predictive processing in children with DLD, conferring deficits in spoken sentence comprehension. Furthermore, there may be a feedback cycle in which poor syntactic awareness impedes children's ability to anticipate upcoming percepts, and this, in turn, makes children unable to improve their syntactic awareness on the basis of prediction error signals. Conclusion: This article offers a refocusing of theory on sentence processing and comprehension deficits in DLD, from a difficulty in processing and integrating perceived syntactic features to a difficulty in anticipating what is coming next.

Published
2021
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48. Accuracy and Variability in Early Spontaneous Word Production: The Effects of Age, Frequency and Neighbourhood Density

Author

Jones, Samuel David

Abstract

High rates of error and variability in early word production may signal speech sound disorder. However, there is little consensus regarding the degree of error and variability that may be expected in the typical range. Relatedly, while variables including child age, word frequency and word phonological neighbourhood density are associated with variance in word production accuracy and variability, such effects remain under-examined in spontaneous speech. This study measured the accuracy and variability of 234,551 spontaneous word productions from five typically developing children in the Providence corpus (0;11-4;0). Using Bayesian regression, accuracy and variability rates were predicted by age, input frequency, phonological neighbourhood density, and interactions between these variables. Between 61% and 72% of word productions were both inaccurate and variable according to strict criteria. However loosening these criteria to accommodate production inconsistencies unlikely to be considered erroneous (e.g. the target /[characters omitted]/ pronounced /[characters omitted]/) reduced this figure to between 10% and 17%, with the majority of word productions then classed as accurate and stable (48%-58%). In addition, accuracy was higher and variability was lower in later months of sampling, and for high frequency words and high density words. The author discusses the implications of these results for future research and the differential diagnosis of speech sound disorder, and presents an explanatory account of findings emphasizing the development of oral-motor skills and increasingly detailed phonological word representations.

Published
2020
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