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Demands for moral development are increasing in business and professional training. Mixed results of diversity training programs in the higher education sector suggest that innovative approaches are required for preparing students to become morally upright leaders and teachers. This research looks at the implementation of an online interactive tutorial that focuses on students working and learning together with others from a variety of diverse backgrounds. The study comprises a three-year investigation on the attitudes and understandings of students prior to a group work assessment task, and after completing the online tutorial. First year primary education students (n = 594) completed pre- and post-surveys on their perspective of working with others, with a moderating educational intervention. Results revealed mixed views about the value of the program to this generation of students. We make suggestions for institutions of higher education to consider when creating diversity training and support for university students.

Understanding how sublethal impacts of toxicants affect population‐relevant outcomes for organisms is challenging. We tested the hypotheses that the well‐known sublethal impacts of methylmercury (MeHg) and a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB126) would have meaningful impacts on cohort growth and survival in yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) populations, that inclusion of model uncertainty is important for understanding the sublethal impacts of toxicants, and that a model organism (zebrafish Danio rerio) is an appropriate substitute for ecologically relevant species (yellow perch, killifish). Our simulations showed that MeHg did not have meaningful impacts on growth or survival in a simulated environment except to increase survival and growth in low mercury exposures in yellow perch and killifish. For PCB126, the high level of exposure resulted in lower survival for killifish only. Uncertainty analyses increased the variability and lowered average survival estimates across all species and toxicants, providing a more conservative estimate of risk. We demonstrate that using a model organism instead of the species of interest does not necessarily give the same results, suggesting that using zebrafish as a surrogate for yellow perch and killifish may not be appropriate for predicting contaminant impacts on larval cohort growth and survival in ecologically relevant species. Our analysis also reinforces the notion that uncertainty analyses are necessary in any modeling assessment of the impacts of toxicants on a population because it provides a more conservative, and arguably realistic, estimate of impact. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2122–2133. © 2024 SETAC [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mortality rates are major determinants of long-term sustainability of exploited fish populations, yet accurately estimating these rates can be challenging. We used simulations to evaluate nonspatial and spatial modeling approaches for estimating mortality rates from acoustic telemetry detection data. Data were generated assuming different receiver configurations (grids, lines), number of receivers, and mortality levels. Relative error rates for total mortality ranged from 0% to 83% for the nonspatial model and from 1% to 141% for the spatial model. Absolute error rates ranged from 0.00 to 0.11 for the nonspatial model and from 0.01 to 0.15 for the spatial model. Accuracy and precision in mortality estimates were sensitive to assumed mortality rates and receiver configurations; the high-density receiver grid resulted in the lowest error rates. Estimates were consistently positively biased. We recommend using grid receiver configurations for mortality rate estimation from acoustic telemetry studies. The potential for biased mortality estimation from acoustic telemetry detection data should be considered during study design, particularly for those species with behavior and ecology that may result in long periods without detection. Bien que les taux de mortalite soient d'importants determinants de la perennite a long terme des populations de poissons exploitees, l'estimation exacte de ces taux presente son lot de defis. Nous avons utilise des simulations pour evaluer des approches de modelisation non spatiale et spatiale pour estimer les taux de mortalite a partir de donnees de detection par telemetrie acoustique. Les donnees ont ete generees en presupposant differentes configurations de recepteurs (grilles, lignes), differents nombres de recepteurs et differents degres de mortalite. Les erreurs relatives sur la mortalite totale vont de 0 % a 83 % pour le modele non spatial et de 1 % a 141 % pour le modele spatial. Les erreurs absolues vont de 0,00 a 0,11 pour le modele non spatial et de 0,01 a 0,15 pour le modele spatial. L'exactitude et la precision des estimations de la mortalite sont sensibles aux taux de mortalite et a la configuration de recepteurs presumes; la grille de forte densite de recepteurs donne les erreurs les plus faibles. Les estimations presentent uniformement un biais positif. Nous recommandons d'utiliser des configurations de recepteurs en grille pour l'estimation des taux de mortalite a partir d'etudes de telemetrie acoustique. Le potentiel de biais dans les estimations de la mortalite a partir de donnees de detection par telemetrie acoustique devrait etre pris en consideration durant la conception d'etudes, particulierement pour les especes dont le comportement et l'ecologie pourraient se traduire par de longues periodes sans detection. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Mortality rate is a critical population dynamics parameter for sustainable management of exploited fish populations; despite its importance, accurately estimating mortality rates remains challenging. Tagging studies in which fish [...]

Salmon populations harvested in mixed-stock fisheries can exhibit genotypic, behavioral, and life history diversity that can lead to heterogeneity in population productivity and size. Methods to quantify this heterogeneity among populations in mixed-stock fisheries are not well-established but are critical to assessing harvest-biodiversity trade-offs when setting harvest policies. We developed an integrated, age-structured, state-space model that allows for more complete use of available data and sharing of information than simpler methods. We compared a suite of state-space models of varying structural complexity to simpler regression-based approaches and, as an example case, fitted them to data from 13 Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) populations in the Kuskokwim drainage in western Alaska. We found biological and policy conclusions were largely consistent among state-space models but differed strongly from regression-based approaches. Simulation trials illustrated our state-space models were largely unbiased with respect to spawner-recruit parameters, abundance states, and derived biological reference points, whereas the regression-based approaches showed substantial bias. These findings suggest our state- space model shows promise for informing harvest policy evaluations of harvest-biodiversity trade-offs in mixed-stock salmon fisheries. Les populations de saumons exploitees dans le cadre de peches de stocks melanges peuvent presenter une diversite genotypique, comportementale et de cycles biologiques pouvant entrainer une heterogeneite sur le plan de la productivite et de la taille des populations. Si les methodes pour quantifier cette heterogeneite entre populations dans les peches de stocks melanges ne sont pas bien etablies, elles sont neanmoins essentielles pour evaluer les compromis entre les prises et la biodiversite dans l'elaboration de politiques sur les prises. Nous avons developpe un modele integre d'espace d'etats structure par age qui permet une utilisation plus exhaustive des donnees disponibles et un plus grand partage d'information que des methodes plus simples. Nous avons compare une serie de modeles d'espace d'etats de differents degres de complexite structurale a des approches plus simples reposant sur la regression et, a titre d'exemple, les avons cales sur des donnees pour 13 populations de saumons chinooks (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) dans le bassin versant du fleuve Kuskokwim dans l'ouest de l'Alaska. Nous constatons que les conclusions concernant la biologie et les politiques concordent generalement d'un modele d'espace d'etats a l'autre, mais que ces conclusions sont tres differentes de celles tirees d'approches basees sur la regression. Des essais de simulation illustrent le fait que nos modeles d'espace d'etats ne presentent generalement pas de biais associe aux parametres des relations geniteurs-recrues, aux etats d'abondance et aux points de reference biologiques derives, alors que les approches basees sur la regression montrent un biais considerable. Ces constatations indiqueraient que notre modele d'espace d'etats est prometteur pour ce qui est d'eclairer les evaluations des compromis entre prises et biodiversite dans l'elaboration de politiques sur les prises pour les peches aux saumons de stocks melanges. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) populations are commonly harvested at a distance from their spawning grounds, and consequently multiple populations are co-mingled and often managed as a single stock. However, [...]

Previous research has demonstrated a large movement of hatchery-reared Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from Lake Huron to Lake Michigan, suggesting the potential for wild fish to exhibit similar movement patterns. We assessed the feasibility of using otolith microchemistry to estimate the natal source composition of wild Chinook salmon in Lake Michigan and evaluate interbasin movement. Otolith pairs were extracted from juvenile and adult fish collected in 2015 and 2016 from Great Lakes tributaries. Otoliths were analyzed using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to determine trace element concentrations, and four multivariate classification algorithms were evaluated for classification accuracy. Juvenile data reclassified to their natal regions with up to 89% success on a basin level, with a random forest approach performing the best among all models. Assigning adults to their natal origins resulted in more success on a basin-wide scale (74% to 88%) compared with a regional scale (32% to 51%), but success was still below juvenile reclassification accuracy. Our findings suggest that otolith microchemistry can be used to estimate wild Chinook salmon interbasin movement and that classification accuracy can be improved by matching juvenile and adult year classes in our assessment samples. Ultimately, we intend to use these models to assess the effects of wild Chinook salmon interbasin movement on Lake Michigan predatory demand and evaluate the risks of various stocking alternatives. Des travaux anterieurs ont demontre un important deplacement de saumons chinooks (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) issus d'ecloserie a partir du lac Huron vers le lac Michigan, donnant a penser que des poissons sauvages pourraient presenter des motifs de deplacement semblables. Nous avons evalue la faisabilite d'utiliser la microchimie des otolites pour estimer la composition des origines natales de saumons chinooks sauvages dans le lac Michigan et evaluer les deplacements entre bassins. Des paires d'otolites ont ete extraites de poissons juveniles et adultes preleves en 2015 et 2016 d'affluents des Grands Lacs. Les otolites ont ete analyses par spectrometrie de masse a plasma inductif jumelee a l'ablation au laser afin de determiner les concentrations d'elements traces, et quatre algorithmes de classement multivaries ont ete evalues pour determiner l'exactitude du classement en decoulant. Le succes du reclassement des juveniles dans leurs regions natales atteignait jusqu'a 89 % en ce qui concerne le bassin, l'approche par forets aleatoires donnant les meilleurs resultats de tous les modeles evalues. L'affectation d'adultes a leurs origines natales s'est averee plus probante a l'echelle du bassin (de 74 % a 88 %) qu'a l'echelle regionale (de 32 % a 51 %), mais ces taux de reussite etaient quand meme inferieurs a l'exactitude du reclassement des juveniles. Nos constatations donnent a penser que la microchimie des otolites peut etre utilisee pour estimer les deplacements entre bassins de saumons chinooks sauvages et que l'exactitude du classement peut etre amelioree en jumelant les classes d'age de juveniles et d'adultes dans les echantillons utilises pour l'evaluation. A terme, nous comptons utiliser ces modeles pour evaluer les effets des deplacements entre bassins des saumons chinooks sauvages sur la demande associee a la predation dans le lac Michigan et evaluer les risques decoulant de diverses options d'empoissonnement. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were introduced to the Laurentian Great Lakes in the late 1960s with intentions of establishing a sport fishery and controlling invasive alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) (Kocik [...]

Introduction: People with disabilities are generally more vulnerable during disasters and publicemergencies than the general population. Physical, sensory and cognitive impairments may result ingreater difficulty in receiving and understanding emergency alert information, and greater difficulty intaking appropriate action. The use of social media in the United States has grown considerably inrecent years. This has generated increasing interest on the part of national, state and localjurisdictions in leveraging these channels to communicate public health and safety information. Howand to what extent people with disabilities use social and other communications media during publicemergencies can help public safety organizations understand the communication needs of thecitizens in their jurisdictions, and plan their social media and other communications strategiesaccordingly.Methods: This article presents data from a survey on the use of social media and othercommunications media during public emergencies by people with disabilities conducted fromNovember 1, 2012 through March 30, 2013.Results: The data presented here show four key results. First, levels of use of social media ingeneral are high for people with disabilities, as well as for the general population. Second, use ofsocial media during emergencies is still low for both groups. Third, levels of use of social media arenot associated with income levels, but are significantly and strongly associated with age: youngerpeople use social media at higher rates than older people in both groups (p,0.001). Fourth,differences in the use of social media during emergencies across disability types are slight, with theexception of deaf and hard-of-hearing respondents, the former more likely to have used social mediato receive (p¼0.002), verify (p¼0.092) and share (p¼0.007) emergency information.Conclusion: These last two results suggest that effective emergency communications strategiesneed to rely on multiple media types and channels to reach the entire community. [West J EmergMed. 2014;15(5):567–574.]

A key uncertainty surrounding barrier removals in the Great Lakes is the response of invasive sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) populations to realized increases in available habitat for adfluvial species. We addressed this uncertainty by applying a management strategy evaluation model, originally developed to inform sea lamprey management in the Great Lakes, to forecast the effects of barrier removal on Lake Michigan sea lamprey abundances. We used this model to characterize the response to systematically increasing habitat availability and a specific proposed barrier removal. Our results suggest the removals allow novel production from newly opened habitat and, assuming a fixed budget for sea lamprey control, decrease the overall effectiveness of control, leading to disproportionate increases in abundance. The case study demonstrated that evaluating population effects only at the scale of watersheds directly affected by barrier removals would substantially underestimate effects at the scale of Lake Michigan. Similar population responses are possible when evaluating the effects on desired species. Our findings highlight the importance of considering trade-offs for barrier removals and selecting the appropriate scale for forecasting. Une source d'incertitude cle entourant le retrait de barrieres dans les Grands Lacs consiste en la reaction des populations de lamproies (Petromyzon marinus) envahissantes aux augmentations qui en decoulent des habitats disponibles pour les especes adfluviales. Nous avons examine cette source d'incertitude en appliquant un modele devaluation de strategies de gestion elabore au depart pour eclairer la gestion des lamproies dans les Grands Lacs, afin de predire les effets du retrait de barrieres sur les abondances de lamproies du lac Michigan. Nous avons utilise ce modele pour caracteriser la reaction a l'augmentation systematique de la disponibilite d'habitats et le retrait propose d'une barriere precise. Nos resultats indiqueraient que les retraits permettent une nouvelle production issue des habitats nouvellement ouverts et, en presumant que le budget pour la lutte contre les lamproies reste le meme, reduisent l'efficacite globale des mesures de lutte, menant a une augmentation disproportionnee de leur abondance. L'etude de cas demontre que revaluation des effets sur les populations seulement a l'echelle des bassins versants directement touches par les retraits de barrieres se traduirait par une sous-estimation importante des effets a l'echelle du lac Michigan. Des reactions similaires de populations sont possibles en ce qui concerne revaluation des effets sur des especes desirees. Nos constatations soulignent l'importance de tenir compte des compromis associes aux retraits de barrieres et de bien choisir l'echelle pour l'etablissement de predictions. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Dams are ubiquitous features of watersheds throughout the world and historically provided many societal benefits, but they also serve as major barriers to migratory fish. Indeed, dams, hereinafter referred [...]

Pressure ulcers are common among people with spinal cord injury (SCI) and not only are costly to treat but also affect the quality of life of those affected by them. Despite a plethora of literature on prevention, there are few wellness studies focusing on the practices of people who do not develop pressure ulcers. This preliminary study sought to compare persons with spinal cord injury with consistent healthy skin histories to those with chronic pressure ulcer problems, focusing on behavioral habits of self-care. Data from 86 individuals 6 to 17 years postinjury were gathered by a mail and telephone survey investigating demographics and behavioral management lifestyle practices and factors attributed to success in preventing ulcers. Chi-square and follow-up analyses of variance indicated the group practices of those relatively ulcer free, who were female, were employed, weighed less, performed frequent pressure releases, experienced fewer ulcers during the first year, were less likely to smoke, consumed less alcohol, had fewer incontinence or moisture problems, had more sensation in the buttocks region, and were more physically active. Relevance to rehabilitation counselors in working with this population and addressing this debilitating problem is explored.

The St. Marys River (SMR) historically has been a major producer of sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) in the Laurentian Great Lakes. In the early 2000s, a decision analysis (DA) project was conducted to evaluate sea lamprey control policies for the SMR; this project suggested that an integrated policy of trapping, sterile male releases, and Bayluscide treatment was the most cost-effective policy. Further, it concluded that formal assessment of larval sea lamprey abundance and distribution in the SMR would be valuable for future evaluation of control strategies. We updated this earlier analysis, adding information from annual larval assessments conducted since 1999 and evaluating additional control policies. Bayluscide treatments continued to be critical for sea lamprey control, but high recruitment compensation minimized the effectiveness of trapping and sterile male release under current feasible ranges. Because Bayluscide control is costly, development of strategies to enhance trapping success remains a priority. This study illustrates benefits of an adaptive management cycle, wherein models inform decisions, are updated based on learning achieved from those decisions, and ultimately inform future decisions. Historiquement, la riviere St. Marys (SMR) a ete un important producteur de lamproies (Petromyzon marinus) dans le reseau des Grands Lacs laurentiens. Au debut des annees 2000, un projet d'analyse decisionnelle (AD) a ete mene pour evaluer les politiques de controle des lamproies pour la SMR; ce projet suggerait qu'une approche integree de piegeage, de lachers de males steriles et de traitements au Bayluscide constituait la politique la plus efficiente. Il concluait en outre que l'evaluation formelle de l'abondance et de la repartition des larves de lamproie dans la SMR serait utile pour l'evaluation future des strategies de controle. Nous avons mis a jour cette analyse en y ajoutant des donnees d'evaluations annuelles des larves menees depuis 1999 et en evaluant d'autres politiques de controle. Les traitements au Bayluscide ont continue de jouer un role essentiel dans le controle des lamproies, mais un recrutement compensatoire eleve a minimise l'efficacite du piegeage et des lachers de males steriles dans les conditions de faisabilite actuelles. Parce que le controle au Bayluscide est couteux, l'elaboration de strategies permettant d'ameliorer le succes du piegeage est une priorite. L'etude illustre les avantages d'un cycle de gestion adaptatif dans lequel les modeles eclairent les decisions, puis sont mis a jour a la lumiere des apprentissages decoulant de ces decisions pour ensuite eclairer de nouvelles decisions. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Decision analysis (DA; Clemen and Reilly 2001) is a valuable tool for informing managers about expected performance of different decision choices in meeting management objectives, as well as identifying [...]

Improved methods are needed to evaluate barriers and traps for control and assessment of invasive sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Great Lakes. A Bayesian state-space model provided reach-specific probabilities of movement, including trap capture and dam passage, for 148 acoustic tagged invasive sea lamprey in the lower Cheboygan River, Michigan, a tributary to Lake Huron. Reach-specific movement probabilities were combined to obtain estimates of spatial distribution and abundance needed to evaluate a barrier and trap complex for sea lamprey control and assessment. Of an estimated 21828 29 300 adult sea lampreys in the river, 0%-2%, or 0-514 untagged lampreys, could have passed upstream of the dam, and 46%- 61% were caught in the trap. Although no tagged lampreys passed above the dam (0/148), our sample size was not sufficient to consider the lock and dam a complete barrier to sea lamprey. Results also showed that existing traps are in good locations because 83%-96% of the population was vulnerable to existing traps. However, only 52%-69% of lampreys vulnerable to traps were caught, suggesting that traps can be improved. The approach used in this study was a novel use of Bayesian state- space models that may have broader applications, including evaluation of barriers for other invasive species (e.g., Asian carp (Hypophthalmichthys spp.)) and fish passage structures for other diadromous fishes. Il est necessaire d'ameliorer les methodes d'evaluation des barrieres et pieges utilises pour controler et evaluer la lamproie marine (Petromyzon marinus), une espece envahissante, dans les Grands Lacs. Un modele bayesien d'espace d'etats a produit des probabilites de deplacement, dont le piegeage et le passage de barrage, dans differents biefs pour 148 lamproies marines envahissantes dotees de marques acoustiques dans le cours inferieur de la riviere Cheboygan (Michigan), un affluent du lac Huron. Les probabilites de deplacement propres au bief ont ete combinees pour obtenir les estimations de la repartition spatiale et de l'abondance requises pour evaluer un complexe de barriere et piege pour le controle et l'evaluation des lamproies. Sur un nombre estime de 21828 a 29 300 lamproies adultes dans la riviere, de 0 % a 2 % des lamproies non marquees, soit de 0 a 514 poissons, pourraient etre passees en amont du barrage, et de 46 % a 61 % ont ete prises dans le piege. Bien qu'aucune lamproie marquee ne soit passee en amont du barrage (0/148), la taille de l'echantillon est trop petite pour permettre d'etablir que l'ecluse-barrage constitue une barriere completement etanche au passage des lamproies. Les resultats ont egalement demontre que les pieges existants sont bien situes, puisque de 83 % a 96 % de la population etait vulnerable aux pieges existants. Cependant, de 52 % a 69 % seulement des lamproies vulnerables aux pieges ont ete capturees, indiquant que ces pieges peuvent etre ameliores. L'approche employee constitue une utilisation novatrice des modeles bayesiens d'espace d'etats qui pourrait avoir des applications plus larges, notamment pour l'evaluation des barrieres au passage d'autres especes envahissantes (p. ex. carpe asiatique (Hypophthalmichthys spp.)) et des passes a poissons pour d'autres especes diadromes. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction The Laurentian Great Lakes were severely disrupted by the arrival of invasive sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) through the Welland Canal in the early 1900s (Smith and Tibbles 1980; Hansen [...]

Explores how multimedia records, especially digital video, can enhance the analysis and presentation of research findings and can facilitate mixed-method research designs. Draws analogies between mixing methods and mixing technologies. (Author/SLD)