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Though considerable research links both a lack of self-control and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to a variety of negative health and behavioral outcomes, few studies to date have explored whether ACEs are associated with deficits in self-control. Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCW; n = 3,444) and a life course theoretical framework, this study aims to address this gap in the literature by examining the relationships between individual ACEs, cumulative ACEs, timing of ACEs, and durations of early ACEs and self-control development among youth. Our results indicate that as the number of ACEs (by age 5) experienced incrementally increases, the likelihood of reported self-control decreases. Moreover, when it comes to the timing and duration of ACE exposure, ACEs that are high but late, intermittent, or chronically high significantly decrease self-control. Based on our findings, researchers should continue to explore the role of ACEs in youth self-control development.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been identified as a key risk factor for a variety of negative health, psychiatric, and behavioral outcomes across the life course. Although recent research has begun to consider the role of ACEs in criminogenic behaviors among youth, few studies to date have assessed the association between early exposure to ACEs and delinquent behavior among nonincarcerated youth. Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCW; n = 3,402) and a life course theoretical framework, this study aims to address this gap in the literature by examining the relationships between individual, cumulative, and clustering of ACEs and delinquency in the lives of youth. The results of our empirical study indicate that individual, cumulative, and clustering of ACEs by the age of 5 years are associated with youth delinquent behavior. Based on our results, sociologists and criminologists should critically consider the role of ACEs in understanding youth delinquency.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are recognized as significant precursors to delinquency. However, to date, no studies have explicitly examined the interconnectedness of ACEs, residency in rural or urban/suburban areas, and delinquent behavior to discern potential variations among youths residing in these distinct areas. This study aims to address this important gap in existing literature. Data from the 2022 Florida Youth Substance Abuse Survey (FYSAS), comprising a statewide representative sample of students enrolled in public high schools in Florida (N = 23,078), were analyzed using negative binominal regression models. Our findings demonstrate a significant correlation between ACEs and delinquent behavior, with notable variations in this association among youths residing in rural versus urban/suburban environments. In particular, the impact of ACEs on the anticipated frequency of delinquent behaviors appears to be marginally greater among adolescents residing in urban/suburban locales compared to their counterparts in rural areas. Implications are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do racial attitudes affect the relationship between religion and support for capital punishment? Past research has clearly established important links between religion, racial attitudes, and capital punishment. Yet, it remains unclear how racial attitudes affect this relationship. We examine this question using a large sample of respondents from the General Social Survey from 1994 to 2018. We find evidence of a strong moderating effect where the relationship between religion and support for capital punishment varies considerably contingent on racial resentment. At high levels of racial resentment, support for capital punishment is uniformly high across all religious traditions while there are large disparities at low levels of racial resentment. Thus, strongly held, prejudicial racial attitudes overshadow the association between religion and support for capital punishment. Future research should more seriously consider the racial dynamics embedded religion and punishment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are recognized as significant precursors to delinquency. However, to date, no studies have explicitly examined the interconnectedness of ACEs, residency in rural or urban/suburban areas, and delinquent behavior to discern potential variations among youths residing in these distinct areas. This study aims to address this important gap in existing literature. Data from the 2022 Florida Youth Substance Abuse Survey (FYSAS), comprising a statewide representative sample of students enrolled in public high schools in Florida (N = 23,078), were analyzed using negative binominal regression models. Our findings demonstrate a significant correlation between ACEs and delinquent behavior, with notable variations in this association among youths residing in rural versus urban/suburban environments. In particular, the impact of ACEs on the anticipated frequency of delinquent behaviors appears to be marginally greater among adolescents residing in urban/suburban locales compared to their counterparts in rural areas. Implications are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incarceration carries consequences for families, including negative impacts on female partners and children of incarcerated men. Whether incarceration that occurs around the time of pregnancy influences a father's acknowledgement of paternity (AOP) of a newborn has been overlooked. The present study investigates the role of recent incarceration largely of male partners for AOP. Drawing on pooled-cross sectional data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System for 2012–2018 (N = 178,131 in pooled analyses), multinomial logistic regression is used to assess significant differences in the association between incarceration exposure and three possible AOP statuses: married (tacit and automatic AOP), unmarried with voluntary in-hospital AOP, and unmarried without AOP. Findings demonstrated that incarceration-exposed women were approximately twice as likely to be unmarried with voluntary in-hospital AOP and over four times as likely to be unmarried without AOP. Results showed that among unmarried women, incarceration exposure still doubles the odds of unmarried without AOP compared to being unmarried with voluntary in-hospital AOP. Study findings highlight the novel ways that incarceration impacts family structure from the earliest stages of the life course by increasing the chances that recent mothers and their newborn children will be without legal recourse to paternal resources and support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence suggests that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with adolescent and adult delinquency. Simultaneously, studies have identified an association between middle childhood risk factors and subsequent delinquency. However, the research on how the relationship between early ACEs and adolescent delinquency is affected by middle childhood risk factors for delinquency is sparse. The current study addresses this, and other important gaps in existing ACE literature by using data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS; n = 3,444), a national urban birth cohort, to analyze how different levels of exposure to early ACEs (by age five) are associated with delinquency and to explore how multiple middle childhood risk factors (low self-control, prior delinquency, material hardship, experiences with bullying, and more recent ACE exposure) might mediate these processes. Findings suggest that two or more ACEs is significantly associated with increased rates of adolescent delinquency and that the association grows stronger as ACEs accumulate. Further, later ACEs, low self-control and prior delinquency mediate some of this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study examines the relationships between cumulative, timing of, and duration of early adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and delinquent peer association among youth. Background: Negative life outcomes associated with delinquent peer affiliation among youth are well established; however, less research has considered how or whether ACEs influence these processes. Methods: Data were from the longitudinal Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n = 3,060). Negative binomial regression models were to assess the relationship between early ACEs (i.e., accumulation, timing/duration) and delinquent peer association. Results: Our results indicate that as the number of ACEs (by age 5) incrementally increase, the likelihood of reported involvement with delinquent peers increases. Moreover, when it comes to timing and duration of ACE exposure, ACEs that are high but late, intermittent, or chronically high significantly increase the risk of delinquent peer association. Conclusion and implications: Overall, early ACEs play an important role in delinquent peer association during adolescence. Interventions and preventions strategies, such as psychological first aid and trauma‐informed health care, can help reduce the negative consequences of early ACE exposure, including the risk of associating with delinquent peers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considerable research has shown that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with the development of self-control and delinquent behaviors. Still, no studies have explicitly examined ACEs, low self-control, and delinquency to determine if they are jointly associated, including whether this relationship varies by gender. The current study examines this important gap in existing literature. Using data from the Fragile Families and Childhood Wellbeing Study (FFCW; n=3,232), we uncover that low selfcontrol mediates the relationship between early ACEs and delinquency and that this relationship exists for both girls and boys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many gay and lesbian individuals struggle with family support throughout their life course. In addition, due to their differences in social power and violations of heteronormativity, gay men and lesbian women have unique experiences with family distress. Such difficulties can be related to an increased risk for sexual identity-based discrimination, harassment, and violence (DHV) among gay and lesbian individuals, yet few studies have examined these relationships. The current study utilizes data stratified by US Census categories (age, gender, race/ethnicity, and census region) collected from online panelists (N = 2159; n = 750 hetero cis men, n = 749 hetero cis women, gay cis men = 330, lesbian cis women = 330) to explore Norm-Centered Stigma Theory (NCST) and the relationships between gay/lesbian identity and sexual identity-based DHV. Specifically, social power axes (gender identities), family support, and interactions among these are investigated as they moderate the relationships between violations of heteronormativity (gay/lesbian identity) and stigmatizing experiences associated with such norm violations (sexual identity-based DHV). Results indicate that gay/lesbian identity increases the likelihood of experiencing sexual identity-based DHV; however, family support among lesbian women and gay men decreases the odds of experiencing sexual identity-based DHV. Overall, results lend support to the use of NCST in intersectional explorations to better understand gay and lesbian experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purposes of the current study are two-fold. First, we examine how ACEs influence being a victim of IPV coercive control among Native American (n = 92) and non-Native American (n = 263) justice-involved women using data from the 2014 Oklahoma Study of Mother's and Their Children. Second, because little research exists on these relationships, we explore how these patterns may vary among Native American and non-Native American women. Our findings suggest that there is not only a clear link between ACEs and coercive control among justice-involved women, but also that these relationships vary between Native American and non-Native American women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced bioinformatics algorithms allow detection of multiple‐exon copy‐number variations (CNVs) from exome sequencing (ES) data, while detection of single‐exon CNVs remains challenging. A retrospective review of Baylor Genetics' clinical ES patient cohort identified four individuals with homozygous single‐exon deletions of TBCK (exon 23, NM_001163435.2), a gene associated with an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental phenotype. To evaluate the prevalence of this deletion and its contribution to disease, we retrospectively analyzed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array data for 8194 individuals undergoing ES, followed by PCR confirmation and RT‐PCR on individuals carrying homozygous or heterozygous exon 23 TBCK deletions. A fifth individual was diagnosed with the TBCK‐related disorder due to a heterozygous exon 23 deletion in trans with a c.1860+1G>A (NM_001163435.2) pathogenic variant, and three additional heterozygous carriers were identified. Affected individuals and carriers were from diverse ethnicities including European Caucasian, South Asian, Middle Eastern, Hispanic American and African American, with only one family reporting consanguinity. RT‐PCR revealed two out‐of‐frame transcripts related to the exon 23 deletion. Our results highlight the importance of identifying single‐exon deletions in clinical ES, especially for genes carrying recurrent deletions. For patients with early‐onset hypotonia and psychomotor delay, this single‐exon TBCK deletion might be under‐recognized due to technical limitations of ES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this review is to assess empirical studies from the last 2 decades that have examined the association between cumulative stressors and adolescent substance use. Cumulative stressors were measured in these studies with adverse childhood experiences or adolescent stressful life events inventories. The 109 articles meeting the eligibility criteria that emerged from the review demonstrated a consistent, yet modest, association between cumulative stressors and adolescent substance use. Of note, several studies found that the associations were moderated or mediated by genetic factors related to cortisol regulation, intrapersonal factors such as low self-control, or interpersonal factors such as peer substance use. The review's findings thus suggest that efforts to reduce the effects of cumulative stressors on substance use could gainfully identify and target these risk moderators and mediators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research suggests that bullying victimization increases the risk of handgun carrying among adolescents. Yet, little to no research has considered whether different types of bullying victimization (i.e., physical, verbal, cyber) shape handgun-carrying behaviors among youth. Understanding these relationships can, however, inform intervention efforts addressing youths’ access to and motives for carrying handguns. The purposes of this study are twofold. First, we establish whether there is a relationship between bullying victimization and youth handgun carrying. Second, we seek to determine whether certain types of bullying victimization are associated more strongly with handgun carrying than others, using data from the 2022 Florida Youth Substance Abuse Survey (FYSAS, n = 47,572), a statewide representative sample of Florida middle school and high school students. The results from multinomial regression models indicate that physical bullying and cyberbullying victimization were associated with an elevated risk of carrying a handgun in the past 12 months. Interventions that underscore the importance of comprehensive anti-bullying interventions that not only address traditional physical aggression among adolescents but also mitigate the evolving challenges posed by unsupervised digital spaces may reduce the risk of handgun carrying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]