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1. List of contributors

Author

Adams, John S., primary, Amrein, Karin, additional, Anderson, Paul H., additional, Arnold, Leggy A., additional, Arora, Juhi, additional, Artusa, Patricio, additional, Ascherio, Alberto, additional, Asmussen, Niels C., additional, Astier, Anne L., additional, Bak, Min Ji, additional, Bauerle, Kevin T., additional, Belorusova, Anna Y., additional, Benkusky, Nancy A., additional, Bernal-Mizrachi, Carlos, additional, Bhattoa, Harjit P., additional, Bikle, Daniel D., additional, Bilezikian, John P., additional, Binkley, Neil C., additional, Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A., additional, Bishop, Charles W., additional, Blomberg Jensen, Martin, additional, Boisen, Ida Marie, additional, Boucher, Barbara J., additional, Bouillon, Roger, additional, Boyan, Barbara D., additional, Bradford, Dana, additional, Brancatella, Alessandro, additional, Buburuzan, Laura, additional, Burne, Thomas H.J., additional, Buschittari, Damien, additional, Calkins, Hannah, additional, Calvo, Mona S., additional, Camargo, Carlos A., additional, Campbell, Moray J., additional, Cantorna, Margherita T., additional, Cappellani, Daniele, additional, Carlberg, Carsten, additional, Carmeliet, Geert, additional, Cashman, Kevin D., additional, Ceglia, Lisa, additional, Cetani, Filomena, additional, Chang, Wenhan, additional, Cheadle, Charlotte, additional, Chou, Sharon H., additional, Christakos, Sylvia, additional, Christopher, Kenneth B., additional, Chu, Emily Y., additional, Chun, Rene F., additional, Cleal, Jane K., additional, Cobice, Diego F., additional, Cooper, Cyrus, additional, Coort, Susan L.M., additional, Cui, Xiaoying, additional, Curtis, Elizabeth M., additional, Danilenko, Michael, additional, Darling, Andrea L., additional, David Roodman, G., additional, Dawson-Hughes, Bess, additional, de Jongh, Renate, additional, Demay, Marie B., additional, Dennison, Elaine M., additional, Dixon, Katie M., additional, Dong, Bingning, additional, Doroudi, Maryam, additional, Dusso, Adriana, additional, Dvorzhinskiy, Aleksey, additional, Ebeling, Peter R., additional, Erben, Reinhold G., additional, Evelo, Chris T.A., additional, Eyles, Darryl, additional, Feldman, David, additional, Ferrer-Mayorga, Gemma, additional, Fleet, James C., additional, Forcellati, Marianela, additional, Foster, Brian L., additional, Gafni, Rachel I., additional, Gayan-Ramirez, Ghislaine, additional, Giovannucci, Edward, additional, Girgis, Christian M., additional, Glencross, Drew A., additional, Glorieux, Francis H., additional, Gocek, Elzbieta, additional, Goldfarb, David S., additional, Goltzman, David, additional, González-Sancho, José Manuel, additional, Grant, William B., additional, Groves, Natalie J., additional, Gysemans, Conny, additional, Harrison, Stephanie, additional, Harvey, Nicholas C., additional, Haseltine, Katherine, additional, Hawrylowicz, Catherine M., additional, Hayes, Colleen E., additional, Heckel, John E., additional, Hershberger, Pamela A., additional, Hewison, Martin, additional, Högler, Wolfgang, additional, Holick, Michael F., additional, Hollis, Bruce W., additional, Holt, Rune, additional, Hujoel, Philippe P., additional, Hyppönen, Elina, additional, Ismailova, Aiten, additional, Jablonski, Nina G., additional, Jakobsen, Jette, additional, Janssens, Wim, additional, Jeffery, Louisa, additional, Jenkinson, Carl, additional, Jensen, Marie Bagge, additional, Jetten, Anton M., additional, Jiang, Heng, additional, Johnson, Candace S., additional, Jones, Glenville, additional, Jones, Kerry S., additional, Jüppner, Harald, additional, Kalia, Vandana, additional, Kallay, Enikö, additional, Karapalis, Andrew C., additional, Kaufmann, Martin, additional, Kiely, Mairead, additional, Kim, Hanseul, additional, Kim, Tiffany Y., additional, Kojima, Hiroyuki, additional, Kooij, Ireen, additional, Kovacs, Christopher S., additional, Kremer, Richard, additional, Krieger, Kirsten, additional, Kritmetapak, Kittrawee, additional, Krueger, Diane C., additional, Kumar, Rajiv, additional, Kurihara, Noriyoshi, additional, Lane, Joseph M., additional, Lanham-New, Susan A., additional, Latic, Nejla, additional, LeBoff, Meryl S., additional, Lee, Maija B., additional, Lee, Seong Min, additional, Levine, Michael A., additional, Lewis, Richard, additional, Lewis, Rohan M., additional, Li, Wei, additional, Li, Yan Chun, additional, Lincoln, Matthew R., additional, Lips, Paul, additional, Lisse, Thomas S., additional, Liu, Eva S., additional, López de Maturana, Evangelina, additional, Lugg, Sebastian T., additional, Machado, Christopher J., additional, Maes, Karen, additional, Maestro, Miguel A., additional, Malats, Núria, additional, Malloy, Peter J., additional, Manousaki, Despoina, additional, Marcinkowska, Ewa, additional, Marcocci, Claudio, additional, Martens, Pieter-Jan, additional, Martineau, Adrian R., additional, Mason, Rebecca S., additional, Mathieu, Chantal, additional, Mayne, Phoebe, additional, McGrath, John J., additional, Mehta, Mansi, additional, Mellanby, Richard John, additional, Merchant, Nadia, additional, Meyer, Mark B., additional, Miao, Dengshun, additional, Moon, Rebecca J., additional, Mortensen, Li Juel, additional, Motlaghzadeh, Yasaman, additional, Munger, Kassandra L., additional, Muñoz, Alberto, additional, Nakamichi, Yuko, additional, Narvaez, Carmen J., additional, Nikiphorou, Elena, additional, Nonn, Larisa, additional, Pal, Lubna, additional, Parekh, Dhruv, additional, Pettifor, John M., additional, Pike, J. Wesley, additional, Pilz, Stefan, additional, Pittas, Anastassios G., additional, Pludowski, Pawel, additional, Prosser, David E., additional, Pullagura, Sri Ramulu N., additional, Raphael, Joseph, additional, Rauz, Saaeha, additional, Raza, Karim, additional, Real, Francisco X., additional, Reichrath, Jörg, additional, Richards, J. Brent, additional, Rivadeneira, Fernando, additional, Rochel, Natacha, additional, Roizen, Jeffrey D., additional, Ryan, Brittany A., additional, Sarkar, Surojit, additional, Sarmadi, Fatemeh, additional, Schafer, Anne L., additional, Schepelmann, Martin, additional, Schoenmakers, Inez, additional, Schuit, Frans, additional, Schwartz, Zvi, additional, Scott, Kayla M., additional, Sellmeyer, Deborah E., additional, Sempos, Christopher T., additional, Sepiashvili, Lusia, additional, Seshadri, Mukund, additional, Shane, Elizabeth, additional, Shaurova, Tatiana, additional, Shieh, Albert, additional, Shui, Irene, additional, Singh, Ravinder J., additional, Slominski, Andrzej T., additional, Smith, Karl W., additional, St-Arnaud, René, additional, Stein, Emily M., additional, Studzinski, George P., additional, Suda, Tatsuo, additional, Takahashi, Naoyuki, additional, Taylor, Hugh S., additional, Tebben, Peter J., additional, Thacher, Tom D., additional, Thandrayen, Kebashni, additional, Thickett, David R., additional, Tiosano, Dov, additional, Trajanoska, Katerina, additional, Tu, Chia-Ling, additional, Tuckey, Robert C., additional, Tutaworn, Teerapat, additional, Udagawa, Nobuyuki, additional, Uday, Suma, additional, Unnanuntana, Aasis, additional, van Driel, Marjolein, additional, van Leeuwen, Johannes P.T.M., additional, van Schoor, Natasja, additional, Verlinden, Lieve, additional, Vieth, Reinhold, additional, Vimaleswaran, Karina S., additional, Wagner, Carol L., additional, Wallace, Graham R., additional, Weaver, Connie M., additional, Webb, Daniel A., additional, Welsh, JoEllen, additional, White, John H., additional, Whiting, Susan J., additional, Williams, Emma L., additional, Yahyavi, Sam Kafai, additional, Yamamoto, Keiko, additional, Yates, Clayton, additional, Zagorac, Sladjana, additional, Zhang, Rong Mei, additional, Zhao, Hengguang, additional, Zhou, Ang, additional, and Zittermann, Armin, additional

Published
2024
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3. Assessment of Erythrocyte Transketolase, Whole Blood Thiamine Diphosphate, and Human Milk Thiamine Concentrations to Identify Infants and Young Children Responding Favorably to Therapeutic Thiamine Administration: Findings from the Lao Thiamine Study, a Prospective Cohort Study

Author

Hess, Sonja Y, Smith, Taryn J, Arnold, Charles D, Jones, Kerry S, Hampel, Daniela, Hiffler, Laurent, Trehan, Indi, Fischer, Philip R, Meadows, Sarah R, Parkington, Damon A, Brown, Kenneth H, Sitthideth, Dalaphone, Tan, Xiuping, Koulman, Albert, Allen, Lindsay H, and Kounnavong, Sengchanh

Published
2024
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4. A Predictive Model for Thiamine Responsive Disorders Among Infants and Young Children: Results from a Prospective Cohort Study in Lao People's Democratic Republic

Author

Smith, Taryn J., Arnold, Charles D., Fischer, Philip R., Trehan, Indi, Hiffler, Laurent, Sitthideth, Dalaphone, Stein-Wexler, Rebecca, Yeh, Jay, Jones, Kerry S., Hampel, Daniela, Tancredi, Daniel J., Schick, Michael A., McBeth, Christine N., Tan, Xiuping, Allen, Lindsay H., Sayasone, Somphou, Kounnavong, Sengchanh, and Hess, Sonja Y.

Published
2024
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6. Increasing the availability and utilization of reliable data on population micronutrient (MN) status globally: the MN Data Generation Initiative

Author

Brown, Kenneth H, Moore, Sophie E, Hess, Sonja Y, McDonald, Christine M, Jones, Kerry S, Meadows, Sarah R, Manger, Mari S, Coates, Jennifer, Alayon, Silvia, and Osendarp, Saskia JM

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Clinical Sciences, Pediatric, Clinical Research, Prevention, Health Services, Generic health relevance, Good Health and Well Being, Databases, Factual, Global Health, Humans, Micronutrients, Nutritional Status, Population Surveillance, vitamin deficiency, mineral deficiency, nutrition biomarkers, nutritional status assessment, nutrition surveys, laboratory quality assurance, Engineering, Medical and Health Sciences, Nutrition & Dietetics, Clinical sciences, Nutrition and dietetics
Abstract

Micronutrient (MN) deficiencies can produce a broad array of adverse health and functional outcomes. Young, preschool children and women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries are most affected by these deficiencies, but the true magnitude of the problems and their related disease burdens remain uncertain because of the dearth of reliable biomarker information on population MN status. The reasons for this lack of information include a limited understanding by policy makers of the importance of MNs for human health and the usefulness of information on MN status for program planning and management; insufficient professional capacity to advocate for this information and design and implement related MN status surveys; high costs and logistical constraints involved in specimen collection, transport, storage, and laboratory analyses; poor access to adequately equipped and staffed laboratories to complete the analyses reliably; and inadequate capacity to interpret and apply this information for public health program design and evaluation. This report describes the current situation with regard to data availability, the reasons for the lack of relevant information, and the steps needed to correct this situation, including implementation of a multi-component MN Data Generation Initiative to advocate for critical data collection and provide related technical assistance, laboratory services, professional training, and financial support.

Published
2021

8. Low-dose thiamine supplementation of lactating Cambodian mothers improves human milk thiamine concentrations: a randomized controlled trial

Author

Gallant, Jelisa, Chan, Kathleen, Green, Tim J, Wieringa, Frank T, Leemaqz, Shalem, Ngik, Rem, Measelle, Jeffrey R, Baldwin, Dare A, Borath, Mam, Sophonneary, Prak, Yelland, Lisa N, Hampel, Daniela, Shahab-Ferdows, Setareh, Allen, Lindsay H, Jones, Kerry S, Koulman, Albert, Parkington, Damon A, Meadows, Sarah R, Kroeun, Hou, and Whitfield, Kyly C

Subjects
Reproductive Medicine, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Nutrition, Prevention, Complementary and Integrative Health, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 3.3 Nutrition and chemoprevention, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Reproductive health and childbirth, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Cambodia, Dietary Supplements, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Milk, Human, Thiamine, Vitamin B Complex, Young Adult, thiamine, supplementation, human milk, ThDP, ETKac, Engineering, Medical and Health Sciences, Nutrition & Dietetics, Clinical sciences, Nutrition and dietetics
Abstract

BackgroundInfantile beriberi-related mortality is still common in South and Southeast Asia. Interventions to increase maternal thiamine intakes, and thus human milk thiamine, are warranted; however, the required dose remains unknown.ObjectivesWe sought to estimate the dose at which additional maternal intake of oral thiamine no longer meaningfully increased milk thiamine concentrations in infants at 24 wk postpartum, and to investigate the impact of 4 thiamine supplementation doses on milk and blood thiamine status biomarkers.MethodsIn this double-blind, 4-parallel arm randomized controlled dose-response trial, healthy mothers were recruited in Kampong Thom, Cambodia. At 2 wk postpartum, women were randomly assigned to consume 1 capsule, containing 0, 1.2 (estimated average requirement), 2.4, or 10 mg of thiamine daily from 2 through 24 weeks postpartum. Human milk total thiamine concentrations were measured using HPLC. An Emax curve was plotted, which was estimated using a nonlinear least squares model in an intention-to-treat analysis. Linear mixed-effects models were used to test for differences between treatment groups. Maternal and infant blood thiamine biomarkers were also assessed.ResultsIn total, each of 335 women was randomly assigned to1 of the following thiamine-dose groups: placebo (n = 83), 1.2 mg (n = 86), 2.4 mg (n = 81), and 10 mg (n = 85). The estimated dose required to reach 90% of the maximum average total thiamine concentration in human milk (191 µg/L) is 2.35 (95% CI: 0.58, 7.01) mg/d. The mean ± SD milk thiamine concentrations were significantly higher in all intervention groups (183 ± 91, 190 ± 105, and 206 ± 89 µg/L for 1.2, 2.4, and 10 mg, respectively) compared with the placebo group (153 ± 85 µg/L; P

Published
2021

10. Determination of Free 25(OH)D Concentrations and Their Relationships to Total 25(OH)D in Multiple Clinical Populations

Author

Schwartz, Janice B, Gallagher, J Christopher, Jorde, Rolf, Berg, Vivian, Walsh, Jennifer, Eastell, Richard, Evans, Amy L, Bowles, Simon, Naylor, Kim E, Jones, Kerry S, Schoenmakers, Inez, Holick, Michael, Orwoll, Eric, Nielson, Carrie, Kaufmann, Martin, Jones, Glenville, Bouillon, Roger, Lai, Jennifer, Verotta, Davide, and Bikle, Daniel

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Clinical Research, Digestive Diseases, Adult, Aged, Black People, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Haplotypes, Humans, Liver Cirrhosis, Male, Middle Aged, Nursing Homes, Outpatients, Prediabetic State, Pregnancy, Reference Values, Vitamin D, Vitamin D-Binding Protein, Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Clinical sciences
Abstract

ContextThe optimal measure of vitamin D status is unknown.ObjectiveTo directly measure circulating free 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and relationships to total 25(OH)D in a clinically diverse sample of humans.DesignCross-sectional analysis.SettingSeven academic sites.PatientsA total of 1661 adults: healthy (n = 279), prediabetic (n = 479), outpatients (n = 714), cirrhotic (n = 90), pregnant (n = 20), nursing home resident (n = 79).InterventionsMerge research data on circulating free 25(OH)D (directly-measured immunoassay), total 25(OH)D (liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry), D-binding protein [DBP; by radial (polyclonal) immunodiffusion assay], albumin, creatinine, intact parathyroid hormone, and DBP haplotype.Main outcome measuresDistribution of free 25(OH)D (ANOVA with Bonferroni correction for post hoc comparisons) and relationships between free and total 25(OH)D (mixed-effects modeling incorporating clinical condition, DBP haplotype with sex, race, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), body mass index (BMI), and other covariates).ResultsFree 25(OH)D was 4.7 ± 1.8 pg/mL (mean ± SD) in healthy persons and 4.3 ± 1.9 pg/mL in outpatients, with levels of 0.5 to 8.1 pg/mL and 0.9 to 8.1 pg/mL encompassing 95% of healthy persons and outpatients, respectively. Free 25(OH)D was higher in patients with cirrhosis (7.1 ± 3.0 pg/mL; P < 0.0033) and nursing home residents (7.9 ± 2.1 pg/mL; P < 0.0033) than in other groups and differed between whites and blacks (P < 0.0033) and between DBP haplotypes (P < 0.0001). Mixed-effects modeling of relationships between free and total 25(OH)D identified clinical conditions (patients with cirrhosis > nursing home residents > patients with prediabetes > outpatients > pregnant women) and BMI (lesser effect) as covariates affecting relationships but not eGFR, sex, race, or DBP haplotype.ConclusionsTotal 25(OH)D, health condition, race, and DBP haplotype affected free 25(OH)D, but only health conditions and BMI affected relationships between total and free 25(OH)D. Clinical importance of free 25(OH)D needs to be established in studies assessing outcomes.

Published
2018

11. Protocol for a seamless phase 2A-phase 2B randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of benfotiamine in patients with early Alzheimer's disease (BenfoTeam).

Author

Feldman, Howard H., Luchsinger, José A., Léger, Gabriel C., Taylor, Curtis, Jacobs, Diane M., Salmon, David P., Edland, Steven D., Messer, Karen, Revta, Carolyn, Flowers, Sarah A., Jones, Kerry S., Koulman, Albert, Yarasheski, Kevin E., Verghese, Philip B., Venkatesh, Venky, Zetterberg, Henrik, Durant, January, Lupo, Jody-Lynn, and Gibson, Gary E.

Subjects
VITAMIN B1, ALZHEIMER'S patients, ALZHEIMER'S disease
Abstract

Background: Benfotiamine provides an important novel therapeutic direction in Alzheimer's disease (AD) with possible additive or synergistic effects to amyloid targeting therapeutic approaches. Objective: To conduct a seamless phase 2A-2B proof of concept trial investigating tolerability, safety, and efficacy of benfotiamine, a prodrug of thiamine, as a first-in-class small molecule oral treatment for early AD. Methods: This is the protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 72-week clinical trial of benfotiamine in 406 participants with early AD. Phase 2A determines the highest safe and well-tolerated dose of benfotiamine to be carried forward to phase 2B. During phase 2A, real-time monitoring of pre-defined safety stopping criteria in the first approximately 150 enrollees will help determine which dose (600 mg or 1200 mg) will be carried forward into phase 2B. The phase 2A primary analysis will test whether the rate of tolerability events (TEs) is unacceptably high in the high-dose arm compared to placebo. The primary safety endpoint in phase 2A is the rate of TEs compared between active and placebo arms, at each dose. The completion of phase 2A will seamlessly transition to phase 2B without pausing or stopping the trial. Phase 2B will assess efficacy and longer-term safety of benfotiamine in a larger group of participants through 72 weeks of treatment, at the selected dose. The co-primary efficacy endpoints in phase 2B are CDR-Sum of Boxes and ADAS-Cog13. Secondary endpoints include safety and tolerability measures; pharmacokinetic measures of thiamine and its esters, erythrocyte transketolase activity as blood markers of efficacy of drug delivery; ADCS-ADL-MCI; and MoCA. Conclusion: The BenfoTeam trial utilizes an innovative seamless phase 2A-2B design to achieve proof of concept. It includes an adaptive dose decision rule, thus optimizing exposure to the highest and best-tolerated dose. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06223360, registered on January 25, 2024. https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06223360. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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16. Risk factors for anaemia among women and their young children hospitalised with suspected thiamine deficiency in northern Lao PDR.

Author

Hess, Sonja Y., Smith, Taryn J., Sitthideth, Dalaphone, Arnold, Charles D., Tan, Xiuping, Jones, Kerry S., Brown, Kenneth H., Alayon, Silvia, and Kounnavong, Sengchanh

Subjects
STATISTICS, HOSPITAL patients, HEMOGLOBINS, MULTIPLE regression analysis, FOOD security, DIET, RISK assessment, SOCIOECONOMIC factors, ANEMIA, VITAMIN B1 deficiency, DISEASE prevalence, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, RESEARCH funding, BODY mass index, PRENATAL care, IRON deficiency anemia, MICRONUTRIENTS, VITAMIN B2 deficiency, WOMEN'S health, NUTRITIONAL status, SECONDARY analysis, DISEASE risk factors, CHILDREN
Abstract

Anaemia among women and young children remains a major public health concern. This secondary study describes the anaemia prevalence among young hospitalised children and their mothers in northern Lao People's Democratic Republic and explores possible nutritional causes and risk factors for anaemia. Hospitalised children (ages 21 days to <18 months) with clinical symptoms suggestive of thiamine deficiency disorders were eligible along with their mothers. Venous blood was collected for determination of haemoglobin, ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), retinol‐binding protein (RBP), erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient (EGRac), thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) and acute phase proteins. Risk factors for anaemia were modelled using minimally adjusted logistic regression controlling for age. Haemoglobin results were available for 436 women (mean ± SD age 24.7 ± 6.4 years; 1.6% pregnant) and 427 children (4.3 ± 3.5 months; 60.3% male). Anaemia prevalence (Hb < 120 g/L for nonpregnant women and <110 g/L for pregnant women and children) was 30.7% among women and 55.2% among children. In bivariate analyses, biomarkers significantly associated with anaemia in women were ferritin, sTfR, RBP, EGRac and ThDP. Other risk factors for women were lower BMI, mid‐upper arm circumference < 23.5 cm, lower education, lower socioeconomic index, food insecurity, Hmong ethnicity, not/rarely having attended antenatal care, not having taken antenatal iron‐containing supplements and not meeting minimum dietary diversity. Risk factors for anaemia among children were older age, male sex, stunting, sTfR, ThDP and alpha‐1‐acid‐glycoprotein. Anaemia was common among women and their hospitalised children and was associated with micronutrient deficiencies and socioeconomic, dietary and health care‐seeking risk factors, suggesting that multiple strategies are required to prevent anaemia among women and children. Key messages: Anaemia is a public health concern among women and young children due to multiple causes and biological, socioeconomic and ecological risk factors.Anaemia was assessed among women and their young children hospitalised for clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of thiamine deficiency disorders. The risk of anaemia was significantly associated with multiple indicators of micronutrient status and factors related to poverty and health and dietary practices.The present study highlights that anaemia and iron, thiamine, riboflavin and vitamin A deficiencies are highly prevalent in the study population and that multiple strategies are required to prevent anaemia and the other consequences of these micronutrient deficiencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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17. Stable isotope studies into the kinetics and bioavailability of vitamin K₁ in humans

Author

Jones, Kerry S.

Subjects
612.399
Abstract

In Britain, vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) is the primary form of vitamin K in the human diet and blood. Evidence is accumulating for roles of vitamin K1 beyond established functions in blood coagulation, particularly in bone metabolism. To aid the determination of recommended intakes vitamin K1 kinetics and bioavailability were investigated in adult volunteers using stable isotopes. Methods to measure reliably and accurately the isotopic enrichment of plasma vitamin K1 using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) were developed. Two stable isotope labelled forms of vitamin K1 (13C and ring-D4) measured simultaneously disposal kinetics of intravenous doses and absolute absorption of 4 μg oral doses in ten lean, healthy volunteers (1 male and 9 female), aged 22 - 31 y. Isotopic data were fitted to a 2-compartment model with input and output from the sampled (blood plasma) pool, and exchange between it and a remote compartment. Mean half-times for vitamin K1 disappearance were 0.2 and 2.7 h and mean absolute absorption of oral doses was 13%. A three-way crossover measured vitamin K1 bioavailability in twelve lean, healthy volunteers (7 male and 5 female) aged 22 - 49 y. Each volunteer consumed 20 μg of capsulated 13C-labelled vitamin K1 with one of three test-meals representing convenience, cosmopolitan or animal-oriented diets and balanced for fat, protein and carbohydrate but containing vitamin K1 in different components. Blood was sampled over 8 h. Relative bioavailability was greater from the convenience meal (relative bioavaiiability = 1.00), in which most vitamin K1 was in oils and fats not intact vegetables, compared to either the cosmopolitan (0.46) or animal-oriented (0.29) meals. These studies demonstrate that stable isotope-based methods successfully measure vitamin K1 bioavaiiability and metabolism and their potential for use in establishing recommended dietary intakes.

Published
2007
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19. The association between plasma zinc concentrations and markers of glucose metabolism in adults in Cameroon.

Author

Mba, Camille M., Jones, Kerry S., Forouhi, Nita G., Imamura, Fumiaki, Assah, Felix, Mbanya, Jean Claude, and Wareham, Nicholas J.

Subjects
BIOMARKERS, CONFIDENCE intervals, RURAL conditions, CROSS-sectional method, BLOOD sugar, TYPE 2 diabetes, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, ZINC, METROPOLITAN areas, INSULIN resistance, ADULTS
Abstract

An abnormal Zn status has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. However, epidemiological studies of the relationship between plasma Zn concentrations and diabetes are sparse and inconclusive. We aimed to investigate the association between plasma Zn concentrations and glycaemic markers (fasting glucose, 2-h glucose and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance) in rural and urban Cameroon. We studied 596 healthy adults (63·3 % women) aged 25–55 years in a population-based cross-sectional study. The mean plasma Zn concentration was 13·7 ± 2·7 µmol/L overall, with higher levels in men (14·4 ± 2·9 µmol/l) than in women (13·2 ± 2·6 µmol/l), P -value < 0·0001. There was an inverse relationship between tertiles of plasma Zn and 2-h glucose concentrations (P -value for linear trend = 0·002). The difference in 2-h glucose between those in the highest tertile of plasma Zn compared to the lowest was −0·63 (95 % CI − 1·02, −0·23) mmol/l. This remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, alcohol intake, education level, area of residence, adiposity and objectively measured physical activity −0·43(–0·82, −0·04). Similar inverse associations were observed between plasma Zn concentrations and fasting glucose and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance when adjusted for socio-demographic and health-related behavioural characteristics. The current findings of an inverse association between plasma Zn concentrations and several markers of glucose homeostasis, together with growing evidence from intervention studies, suggest a role for Zn in glucose metabolism. If supported by further evidence, strategies to improve Zn status in populations may provide a cheap public health prevention approach for diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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20. Data Resource Profile: United Kingdom National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme (2008–19)

Author

Venables, Michelle C, Roberts, Caireen, Nicholson, Sonja, Bates, Beverley, Jones, Kerry S, Ashford, Robert, Hill, Suzanne, Farooq, Anila, Koulman, Albert, Wareham, Nicholas J, Page, Polly, Venables, Michelle C [0000-0002-9380-0060], Koulman, Albert [0000-0001-9998-051X], Page, Polly [0000-0003-1993-1609], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
anthropometry, Epidemiology, nutritional biomarkers, Nutritional Status, dietary assessment, General Medicine, Nutrition Surveys, United Kingdom, Diet, Nutrition survey, energy expenditure, Humans, Energy Intake, population surveillance
Abstract

Key Features: • The National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme (NDNS RP) is a cross-sectional, annual survey designed to collect detailed, quantitative information on food consumption, nutrient intake and nutritional status of the general United Kingdom (UK) population aged ≥ 1.5 years. • NDNS RP uses a stratified sampling design to generate a random sample of private UK households each year and nationally representative core sample of around 1000 participants (500 adults, 500 children) each year. Design provides for additional recruitment at country level. • Data/samples include: socio-demographic; dietary assessment; anthropometry; physical activity; energy expenditure; blood and urine samples for nutritional biomarker analysis; National Health Service (NHS) Central Registry and Cancer Registry linkage, contact for further research. • NDNS RP dataset (2008-2019) comprises: dietary data (7999 adults and 7656 children); blood biomarkers (4181 adults and 2014 children); spot urine (3246 adults and 2318 children); total energy expenditure (using doubly labelled water) (419 adults and 352 children). Results published and disseminated via UK Government; survey data accessible via UK Data Service. • Stored biological samples are accessible for further health related research in the public interest through the NDNS Bioresource. • NDNS RP data underpin monitoring and development of nutrition policy. Data are used for chemical exposure risk assessment and modelling for consumer safety.

Published
2022

23. List of Contributors

Author

Adams, John S., primary, Adams, Judith E., additional, Alsalem, Jawaher A., additional, Anderson, Paul H., additional, Andreopoulou, Panagiota, additional, Angellotti, Edith, additional, Arnold, Leggy A., additional, Atkins, Gerald J., additional, Barbáchano, Antonio, additional, Bassuk, Shari S., additional, Beaudin, Sarah, additional, Belorusova, Anna Y., additional, Benkusky, Nancy A., additional, Bernal-Mizrachi, Carlos, additional, Bhan, Ishir, additional, Bhattoa, Harjit P., additional, Bikle, Daniel D., additional, Bilezikian, John P., additional, Binkley, Neil C., additional, Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A., additional, Bishop, Charles W., additional, Boisen, Ida M., additional, Bonelli, Fabrizio, additional, Boskey, Adele L., additional, Boucher, Barbara J., additional, Bouillon, Roger, additional, Bouttier, Manuella, additional, Boyan, Barbara D., additional, Bruce, Danny, additional, Buburuzan, Laura, additional, Burghardt, Andrew J., additional, Burne, Thomas H.J., additional, Calvo, Mona S., additional, Camargo Jr., Carlos A., additional, Cannata-Andia, Jorge B., additional, Cantorna, Margherita T., additional, Carlberg, Carsten, additional, Carmeliet, Geert, additional, Carpenter, Thomas O., additional, Carter, Graham D., additional, Cashman, Kevin D., additional, Ceglia, Lisa, additional, Christakos, Sylvia, additional, Christopher, Kenneth B., additional, Chun, Rene F., additional, Coe, Fredric L., additional, Coffman, Frederick, additional, Compston, Juliet, additional, Cooper, Cyrus, additional, Curtis, Elizabeth M., additional, Cusano, Natalie E., additional, Danilenko, Michael, additional, David Roodman, G., additional, Dawson-Hughes, Bess, additional, De Clercq, Pierre, additional, DeLuca, Hector F., additional, Demaret, Julie, additional, Demay, Marie B., additional, Dempster, David W., additional, Dennison, Elaine M., additional, Dhawan, Puneet, additional, Dimitrov, Vassil, additional, Dixon, Katie M., additional, Doroudi, Maryam, additional, Doyle, Shevaun M., additional, Dusso, Adriana S., additional, Dvorzhinskiy, Aleksey, additional, Ebeling, Peter R., additional, Eisman, John A., additional, Emkey, Gregory R., additional, Epstein Jr., Ervin H., additional, Epstein, Sol, additional, Eyles, Darryl, additional, Favus, Murray J., additional, Feldman, David, additional, Ferrer-Mayorga, Gemma, additional, Findlay, David M., additional, Fleet, James C., additional, Foster, Brian L., additional, Franceschi, Renny T., additional, Fraser, David R., additional, Furst, Jessica M., additional, Gafni, Rachel I., additional, Giovannucci, Edward, additional, Girgis, Christian M., additional, Gleason, James L., additional, Glorieux, Francis H., additional, Gocek, Elzbieta, additional, Goltzman, David, additional, González-Sancho, José Manuel, additional, Graeff-Armas, Laura A., additional, Grant, William B., additional, Groves, Natalie J., additional, Gysemans, Conny, additional, Hansen, Lasse Bøllehuus, additional, Harvey, Nicholas C., additional, Hawrylowicz, Catherine M., additional, Hayes, Colleen E., additional, Heaney, Robert P., additional, Hendy, Geoffrey N., additional, Hershberger, Pamela A., additional, Hewison, Martin, additional, Holick, Michael F., additional, Hollis, Bruce W., additional, Hujoel, Philippe P., additional, Hyppönen, Elina, additional, Insogna, Karl L., additional, Jablonski, Nina G., additional, Jensen, Martin Blomberg, additional, Jolliffe, David A., additional, Jones, Glenville, additional, Jones, Kerry S., additional, Jüppner, Harald, additional, Kallay, Enikö, additional, Karaplis, Andrew C., additional, Kaufmann, Martin, additional, Kiely, Mairead, additional, Kim, Tiffany Y., additional, Konrad, Martin, additional, Kovacs, Christopher S., additional, Kremer, Richard, additional, Krug, Roland, additional, Kumar, Rajiv, additional, Kurihara, Noriyoshi, additional, Laing, Emma, additional, Lane, Joseph M., additional, Larner, Dean P., additional, Larriba, María Jesús, additional, Laverny, Gilles, additional, Le Roy, Nathalie, additional, Lee, Seong M., additional, Levine, Michael A., additional, Lewis, Richard, additional, Lips, Paul, additional, Lisse, Thomas S., additional, Liu, Eva S., additional, Liu, Philip T., additional, Li, Yan, additional, Li, Yan Chun, additional, MacKrell, James G., additional, Mady, Leila J., additional, Majumdar, Sharmila, additional, Makishima, Makoto, additional, Malloy, Peter J., additional, Mann, Elizabeth H., additional, Manson, JoAnn E., additional, Martineau, Adrian R., additional, Mason, Rebecca S., additional, Mathieu, Chantal, additional, Matsumoto, Toshio, additional, Matthews, Donald G., additional, McGrath, John J., additional, Metzger, Daniel, additional, Meyer, Mark B., additional, Miao, Denshun, additional, Mizwicki, Mathew T., additional, Moon, Rebecca J., additional, Morris, Howard A., additional, Mortensen, Li J., additional, Muñoz, Alberto, additional, Nakamichi, Yuko, additional, Narvaez, Carmen J., additional, Nashold, Faye E., additional, Naveh-Many, Tally, additional, Nielson, Carrie M., additional, Norman, Anthony W., additional, Nys, Yves, additional, Onal, Melda, additional, Pal, Lubna, additional, Patterson, Kristine Y., additional, Pauwels, Steven, additional, Pehrsson, Pamela R., additional, Petkovich, Martin, additional, Pettifor, John M., additional, Pfeffer, Paul E., additional, Phillips, Katherine M., additional, Pike, J. Wesley, additional, Pilz, Stefan, additional, Pittas, Anastassios G., additional, Pludowski, Pawel, additional, Prosser, David E., additional, Pullagura, Sri Ramulu N., additional, Quarles, L. Darryl, additional, Rajagopal, Rithwick, additional, Ransohoff, Katherine J., additional, Rauz, Saaeha, additional, Rebolledo, Brian J., additional, Reichrath, Jörg, additional, Rieger, Sandra, additional, Riek, Amy E., additional, Rochel, Natacha, additional, Roizen, Jeffrey D., additional, Roseland, Janet M., additional, Rosen, Cliff, additional, Rybchyn, Mark S., additional, Saitoh, Hiroshi, additional, Salehi-Tabar, Reyhaneh, additional, Schafer, Anne L., additional, Schlingmann, Karl P., additional, Schoenmakers, Inez, additional, Schwartz, Zvi, additional, Scott, Kayla, additional, Sempos, Christopher T., additional, Sepiashvili, Lusia, additional, Seshadri, Mukund, additional, Shane, Elizabeth, additional, Shaurova, Tatiana, additional, Shui, Irene, additional, Silver, Justin, additional, Singh, Ravinder J., additional, Skingle, Linda, additional, St-Arnaud, René, additional, Starr, Jessica, additional, Stayrook, Keith R., additional, Stein, Emily M., additional, Stites, Ryan E., additional, Studzinski, George P., additional, Suda, Tatsuo, additional, Takahashi, Fumiaki, additional, Takahashi, Naoyuki, additional, Tang, Jean Y., additional, Taylor, Christine L., additional, Taylor, Hugh S., additional, Tebben, Peter J., additional, Thacher, Thomas D., additional, Thadhani, Ravi, additional, Thandrayen, Kebashni, additional, Thys-Jacobs, Susan, additional, Tiosano, Dov, additional, Toni, Roberto, additional, Towler, Dwight A., additional, Trump, Donald L., additional, Udagawa, Nobuyuki, additional, Uitterlinden, André G., additional, Unnanuntana, Aasis, additional, van de Peppel, Jeroen, additional, van der Eerden, Bram C.J., additional, van Driel, Marjolein, additional, van Leeuwen, Johannes P.T.M., additional, van Schoor, Natasja, additional, Vanherwegen, An-Sofie, additional, Vazirnia, Aria, additional, Verlinden, Lieve, additional, Verstuyf, Annemieke, additional, Vieth, Reinhold, additional, Wagner, Carol L., additional, Wallace, Graham R., additional, Weaver, Connie, additional, Welsh, JoEllen, additional, White, John H., additional, Whiting, Susan J., additional, Whyte, Michael P., additional, Wysolmerski, John J., additional, Yamada, Sachiko, additional, Yu, Olivia B., additional, Zavala, Kathryn, additional, Zechner, Christoph, additional, Zeytinoglu, Meltem, additional, and Zhao, Hengguang, additional

Published
2018
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28. Delayed Processing of Chilled Whole Blood for 24 Hours Does Not Affect the Concentration of the Majority of Micronutrient Status Biomarkers

Author

Jones, Kerry S, Meadows, Sarah R, Chamberlain, Karen, Parkington, Damon A, Collins, Dave, Page, Polly, Koulman, Albert, Jones, Kerry S [0000-0002-7380-9797], Meadows, Sarah R [0000-0001-5222-0257], Parkington, Damon A [0000-0001-5043-5377], Page, Polly [0000-0003-1993-1609], Koulman, Albert [0000-0001-9998-051X], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Adult, Vitamin B 12, NDNS, Folic Acid, nutritional assessment, micronutrients, vitamin, Humans, Nutritional Status, Vitamins, Biomarkers, nutrition surveys
Abstract

BACKGROUND: The measurement of micronutrient status is essential to understand the health of individuals and populations, but there are limited data on the stability of micronutrients in whole blood. OBJECTIVES: The objective was to investigate the effects of delayed processing of whole blood on the stability of 25 micronutrient and selected clinical biomarkers. METHODS: Blood from 16 healthy adults was collected into EDTA, lithium heparin (LH), or serum tubes. Samples were processed within 2 hours of collection ("2-hour processed") or mailed overnight (boxed with frozen cold packs) before processing ("24-hour processed"). Micronutrient and clinical biomarker concentrations were quantified with validated methods. The concentration percentage difference between the 2- and 24-hour processed samples was calculated and was compared against quality specifications determined from intra- and interindividual variations. RESULTS: All analytes had a sample type where the percentage difference concentration between 2-hour and 24-hour processed samples was ≤4% and was acceptable based on calculated limits, including for biomarkers of vitamin A, vitamin D, thiamin, folate, vitamin B-12, iron (ferritin), and zinc status and for selected clinical markers, C-reactive protein, HDL and total cholesterol, and triglycerides. EDTA plasma vitamin C was lower compared to the 2-hour processed sample (geometric mean, 43%; 95% CI: 36%-49%). Pyridoxal-5-phosphate (vitamin B-6 biomarker) decreased, with differences from the 2-hour processed samples of -8% (95% CI: -13% to -2%) and -14% (95% CI: -18% to -9%) in LH plasma and serum, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In blood collected from adult participants, delayed processing of chilled whole blood for 24 hours did not materially affect the measured concentrations of the majority of micronutrients and selected clinical biomarkers. This suggests that for these analytes, adherence to a 2-hour processing protocol may be unnecessary. This knowledge is valuable and may help to simplify logistics for sample transport and processing of blood samples for micronutrient status assessment.

Published
2021
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29. Placental uptake and metabolism of 25(OH)vitamin D determine its activity within the fetoplacental unit

Author

Ashley, Brogan, primary, Simner, Claire, primary, Manousopoulou, Antigoni, additional, Jenkinson, Carl, additional, Hey, Felicity, additional, Frost, Jennifer M, additional, Rezwan, Faisal I, additional, White, Cory H, additional, Lofthouse, Emma M, additional, Hyde, Emily, additional, Cooke, Laura DF, additional, Barton, Sheila, additional, Mahon, Pamela, additional, Curtis, Elizabeth M, additional, Moon, Rebecca J, additional, Crozier, Sarah R, additional, Inskip, Hazel M, additional, Godfrey, Keith M, additional, Holloway, John W, additional, Cooper, Cyrus, additional, Jones, Kerry S, additional, Lewis, Rohan M, additional, Hewison, Martin, additional, Garbis, Spiros DD, additional, Branco, Miguel R, additional, Harvey, Nicholas C, additional, and Cleal, Jane K, additional

Published
2022
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30. Author response: Placental uptake and metabolism of 25(OH)vitamin D determine its activity within the fetoplacental unit

Author

Ashley, Brogan, primary, Simner, Claire, primary, Manousopoulou, Antigoni, additional, Jenkinson, Carl, additional, Hey, Felicity, additional, Frost, Jennifer M, additional, Rezwan, Faisal I, additional, White, Cory H, additional, Lofthouse, Emma M, additional, Hyde, Emily, additional, Cooke, Laura DF, additional, Barton, Sheila, additional, Mahon, Pamela, additional, Curtis, Elizabeth M, additional, Moon, Rebecca J, additional, Crozier, Sarah R, additional, Inskip, Hazel M, additional, Godfrey, Keith M, additional, Holloway, John W, additional, Cooper, Cyrus, additional, Jones, Kerry S, additional, Lewis, Rohan M, additional, Hewison, Martin, additional, Garbis, Spiros DD, additional, Branco, Miguel R, additional, Harvey, Nicholas C, additional, and Cleal, Jane K, additional

Published
2021
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34. Free 25-Hydroxyvitamin D: Impact of Vitamin D Binding Protein Assays on Racial-Genotypic Associations

Author

Nielson, Carrie M., Jones, Kerry S., Chun, Rene F., Jacobs, Jon M., Wang, Ying, Hewison, Martin, Adams, John S., Swanson, Christine M., Lee, Christine G., Vanderschueren, Dirk, Pauwels, Steven, Prentice, Ann, Smith, Richard D., Shi, Tujin, Gao, Yuqian, Schepmoes, Athena A., Zmuda, Joseph M., Lapidus, Jodi, Cauley, Jane A., Bouillon, Roger, Schoenmakers, Inez, and Orwoll, Eric S.

Published
2016

35. Role of Assay Type in Determining Free 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels in Diverse Populations

Author

Nielson, Carrie M., Jones, Kerry S., Chun, Rene F., Jacobs, Jon, Wang, Ying, Hewison, Martin, Adams, John S., Swanson, Christine M., Lee, Christine G., Vanderschueren, Dirk, Pauwels, Steven, Prentice, Ann, Smith, Richard D., Shi, Tujin, Gao, Yuqian, Zmuda, Joseph M., Lapidus, Jodi, Cauley, Jane A., Bouillon, Roger, Schoenmakers, Inez, and Orwoll, Eric S.

Published
2016
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36. The Role of Nutrition in COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity of Disease: A Systematic Review

Author

James, Philip T, Ali, Zakari, Armitage, Andrew E, Bonell, Ana, Cerami, Carla, Drakesmith, Hal, Jobe, Modou, Jones, Kerry S, Liew, Zara, Moore, Sophie E, Morales-Berstein, Fernanda, Nabwera, Helen M, Nadjm, Behzad, Pasricha, Sant-Rayn, Scheelbeek, Pauline, Silver, Matt J, Teh, Megan R, and Prentice, Andrew M

Subjects
wc_505, w_20.5, wd_100
Abstract

BACKGROUND\ud Many nutrients have powerful immunomodulatory actions with the potential to alter susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, progression to symptoms, likelihood of severe disease, and survival.\ud \ud OBJECTIVE\ud The aim was to review the latest evidence on how malnutrition across all its forms (under- and overnutrition and micronutrient status) may influence both susceptibility to, and progression of, COVID-19.\ud \ud METHODS\ud We synthesized information on 13 nutrition-related components and their potential interactions with COVID-19: overweight, obesity, and diabetes; protein-energy malnutrition; anemia; vitamins A, C, D, and E; PUFAs; iron; selenium; zinc; antioxidants; and nutritional support. For each section we provide: 1) a landscape review of pertinent material; 2) a systematic search of the literature in PubMed and EMBASE databases, including a wide range of preprint servers; and 3) a screen of 6 clinical trial registries. All original research was considered, without restriction to study design, and included if it covered: 1) severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (CoV) 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV), or SARS-CoV viruses and 2) disease susceptibility or 3) disease progression, and 4) the nutritional component of interest. Searches took place between 16 May and 11 August 2020.\ud \ud RESULTS\ud Across the 13 searches, 2732 articles from PubMed and EMBASE, 4164 articles from the preprint servers, and 433 trials were returned. In the final narrative synthesis, we include 22 published articles, 38 preprint articles, and 79 trials.\ud \ud CONCLUSIONS\ud Currently there is limited evidence that high-dose supplements of micronutrients will either prevent severe disease or speed up recovery. However, results of clinical trials are eagerly awaited. Given the known impacts of all forms of malnutrition on the immune system, public health strategies to reduce micronutrient deficiencies and undernutrition remain of critical importance. Furthermore, there is strong evidence that prevention of obesity and type 2 diabetes will reduce the risk of serious COVID-19 outcomes. This review is registered at PROSPERO as CRD42020186194.

Published
2021

38. Placental uptake and metabolism of 25(OH)Vitamin D determines its activity within the fetoplacental unit

Author

Ashley, Brogan, primary, Simner, Claire, additional, Manousopoulou, Antigoni, additional, Jenkinson, Carl, additional, Hey, Felicity, additional, Frost, Jennifer M, additional, Rezwan, Faisal I, additional, White, Cory H, additional, Lofthouse, Emma, additional, Hyde, Emily, additional, Cooke, Laura, additional, Barton, Sheila, additional, Mahon, Pamela, additional, Curtis, Elizabeth M, additional, Moon, Rebecca J, additional, Crozier, Sarah R, additional, Inskip, Hazel M, additional, Godfrey, Keith M, additional, Holloway, John W, additional, Cooper, Cyrus, additional, Jones, Kerry S, additional, Lewis, Rohan M, additional, Hewison, Martin, additional, Garbis, Spiros D, additional, Branco, Miguel R, additional, Harvey, Nicholas C, additional, and Cleal, Jane K, additional

Published
2021
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39. Could nutrition modulate COVID-19 susceptibility and severity of disease? A systematic review

Author

James, Philip T, Ali, Zakari, Armitage, Andrew E, Bonell, Ana, Cerami, Carla, Drakesmith, Hal, Jobe, Modou, Jones, Kerry S, Liew, Zara, Moore, Sophie E, Morales-Berstein, Fernanda, Nabwera, Helen M, Nadjm, Behzad, Pasricha, Sant-Rayn, Scheelbeek, Pauline, Silver, Matt J, Teh, Megan R, and Prentice, Andrew M

Abstract

BackgroundMany nutrients have powerful immunomodulatory actions with the potential to alter susceptibility to COVID-19 infection, progression to symptoms, likelihood of severe disease and survival. The pandemic has fostered many nutrition-related theories, sometimes backed by a biased interpretation of evidence.ObjectivesTo provide a systematic review of the latest evidence on how malnutrition across all its forms (under- and over-nutrition and micronutrient status) may influence both susceptibility to, and progression and severity of, COVID-19.MethodsWe synthesised information on 13 nutrition-related components and their potential interactions with COVID-19: overweight, obesity and diabetes; protein-energy malnutrition; anaemia; vitamins A, C, D, and E; poly-unsaturated fatty acids; iron; selenium; zinc; anti-oxidants, and nutritional support. For each section we provide: a) a landscape review of pertinent material; b) a systematic search of the literature in PubMed and EMBASE databases, including a systematic search of a wide range of pre-print servers; and c) a screen of six clinical trial registries. Two reviewers were assigned per section for data extraction. All original research was considered, without restriction to study design, and included if it covered: 1) SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV or SARS-CoV viruses and 2) disease susceptibility or 3) disease progression, and 4) the nutritional component of interest. Searches took place between 16th May and 11th August, 2020. PROSPERO registration CRD42020186194.ResultsAcross the 13 searches, a total of 2732 articles from PubMed and EMBASE, 4164 articles from the pre-print servers, and 433 trials were returned. A total of 288 published articles and 278 pre-print articles were taken to full text screening. In the final narrative synthesis, we cover 22 published articles, 39 pre-print articles and 79 trials. The review highlights a range of mechanistic and observational evidence to highlight the role nutrition can play in susceptibility and progression of COVID-19. However, to date, there is limited evidence that high-dose supplements of micronutrients will either prevent severe disease or speed up recovery, although results of clinical trials are eagerly awaited.ConclusionsTo date there is no conclusive evidence supporting adoption of novel nutritional therapies. However, given the known impacts of all forms of malnutrition on the immune system, public health strategies to reduce micronutrient deficiencies and undernutrition remain of critical importance. There is strong evidence that prevention of obesity, and its consequent type-2 diabetes, will reduce the risk of serious COVID-19 outcomes.

Published
2020

42. Could nutrition modulate COVID-19 susceptibility and severity of disease? A systematic review

Author

James, Philip T., primary, Ali, Zakari, additional, Armitage, Andrew E., additional, Bonell, Ana, additional, Cerami, Carla, additional, Drakesmith, Hal, additional, Jobe, Modou, additional, Jones, Kerry S., additional, Liew, Zara, additional, Moore, Sophie E., additional, Morales-Berstein, Fernanda, additional, Nabwera, Helen M., additional, Nadjm, Behzad, additional, Pasricha, Sant-Rayn, additional, Scheelbeek, Pauline, additional, Silver, Matt J., additional, Teh, Megan R., additional, and Prentice, Andrew M., additional

Published
2020
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43. List of contributors

Author

Adams, John S., Amrein, Karin, Anderson, Paul H., Arnold, Leggy A., Arora, Juhi, Artusa, Patricio, Ascherio, Alberto, Asmussen, Niels C., Astier, Anne L., Bak, Min Ji, Bauerle, Kevin T., Belorusova, Anna Y., Benkusky, Nancy A., Bernal-Mizrachi, Carlos, Bhattoa, Harjit P., Bikle, Daniel D., Bilezikian, John P., Binkley, Neil C., Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A., Bishop, Charles W., Blomberg Jensen, Martin, Boisen, Ida Marie, Boucher, Barbara J., Bouillon, Roger, Boyan, Barbara D., Bradford, Dana, Brancatella, Alessandro, Buburuzan, Laura, Burne, Thomas H.J., Buschittari, Damien, Calkins, Hannah, Calvo, Mona S., Camargo, Carlos A., Jr., Campbell, Moray J., Cantorna, Margherita T., Cappellani, Daniele, Carlberg, Carsten, Carmeliet, Geert, Cashman, Kevin D., Ceglia, Lisa, Cetani, Filomena, Chang, Wenhan, Cheadle, Charlotte, Chou, Sharon H., Christakos, Sylvia, Christopher, Kenneth B., Chu, Emily Y., Chun, Rene F., Cleal, Jane K., Cobice, Diego F., Cooper, Cyrus, Coort, Susan L.M., Cui, Xiaoying, Curtis, Elizabeth M., Danilenko, Michael, Darling, Andrea L., David Roodman, G., Dawson-Hughes, Bess, de Jongh, Renate, Demay, Marie B., Dennison, Elaine M., Dixon, Katie M., Dong, Bingning, Doroudi, Maryam, Dusso, Adriana, Dvorzhinskiy, Aleksey, Ebeling, Peter R., Erben, Reinhold G., Evelo, Chris T.A., Eyles, Darryl, Feldman, David, Ferrer-Mayorga, Gemma, Fleet, James C., Forcellati, Marianela, Foster, Brian L., Gafni, Rachel I., Gayan-Ramirez, Ghislaine, Giovannucci, Edward, Girgis, Christian M., Glencross, Drew A., Glorieux, Francis H., Gocek, Elzbieta, Goldfarb, David S., Goltzman, David, González-Sancho, José Manuel, Grant, William B., Groves, Natalie J., Gysemans, Conny, Harrison, Stephanie, Harvey, Nicholas C., Haseltine, Katherine, Hawrylowicz, Catherine M., Hayes, Colleen E., Heckel, John E., Hershberger, Pamela A., Hewison, Martin, Högler, Wolfgang, Holick, Michael F., Hollis, Bruce W., Holt, Rune, Hujoel, Philippe P., Hyppönen, Elina, Ismailova, Aiten, Jablonski, Nina G., Jakobsen, Jette, Janssens, Wim, Jeffery, Louisa, Jenkinson, Carl, Jensen, Marie Bagge, Jetten, Anton M., Jiang, Heng, Johnson, Candace S., Jones, Glenville, Jones, Kerry S., Jüppner, Harald, Kalia, Vandana, Kallay, Enikö, Karapalis, Andrew C., Kaufmann, Martin, Kiely, Mairead, Kim, Hanseul, Kim, Tiffany Y., Kojima, Hiroyuki, Kooij, Ireen, Kovacs, Christopher S., Kremer, Richard, Krieger, Kirsten, Kritmetapak, Kittrawee, Krueger, Diane C., Kumar, Rajiv, Kurihara, Noriyoshi, Lane, Joseph M., Lanham-New, Susan A., Latic, Nejla, LeBoff, Meryl S., Lee, Maija B., Lee, Seong Min, Levine, Michael A., Lewis, Richard, Lewis, Rohan M., Li, Wei, Li, Yan Chun, Lincoln, Matthew R., Lips, Paul, Lisse, Thomas S., Liu, Eva S., López de Maturana, Evangelina, Lugg, Sebastian T., Machado, Christopher J., Maes, Karen, Maestro, Miguel A., Malats, Núria, Malloy, Peter J., Manousaki, Despoina, Marcinkowska, Ewa, Marcocci, Claudio, Martens, Pieter-Jan, Martineau, Adrian R., Mason, Rebecca S., Mathieu, Chantal, Mayne, Phoebe, McGrath, John J., Mehta, Mansi, Mellanby, Richard John, Merchant, Nadia, Meyer, Mark B., Miao, Dengshun, Moon, Rebecca J., Mortensen, Li Juel, Motlaghzadeh, Yasaman, Munger, Kassandra L., Muñoz, Alberto, Nakamichi, Yuko, Narvaez, Carmen J., Nikiphorou, Elena, Nonn, Larisa, Pal, Lubna, Parekh, Dhruv, Pettifor, John M., Pike, J. Wesley, Pilz, Stefan, Pittas, Anastassios G., Pludowski, Pawel, Prosser, David E., Pullagura, Sri Ramulu N., Raphael, Joseph, Rauz, Saaeha, Raza, Karim, Real, Francisco X., Reichrath, Jörg, Richards, J. Brent, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Rochel, Natacha, Roizen, Jeffrey D., Ryan, Brittany A., Sarkar, Surojit, Sarmadi, Fatemeh, Schafer, Anne L., Schepelmann, Martin, Schoenmakers, Inez, Schuit, Frans, Schwartz, Zvi, Scott, Kayla M., Sellmeyer, Deborah E., Sempos, Christopher T., Sepiashvili, Lusia, Seshadri, Mukund, Shane, Elizabeth, Shaurova, Tatiana, Shieh, Albert, Shui, Irene, Singh, Ravinder J., Slominski, Andrzej T., Smith, Karl W., St-Arnaud, René, Stein, Emily M., Studzinski, George P., Suda, Tatsuo, Takahashi, Naoyuki, Taylor, Hugh S., Tebben, Peter J., Thacher, Tom D., Thandrayen, Kebashni, Thickett, David R., Tiosano, Dov, Trajanoska, Katerina, Tu, Chia-Ling, Tuckey, Robert C., Tutaworn, Teerapat, Udagawa, Nobuyuki, Uday, Suma, Unnanuntana, Aasis, van Driel, Marjolein, van Leeuwen, Johannes P.T.M., van Schoor, Natasja, Verlinden, Lieve, Vieth, Reinhold, Vimaleswaran, Karina S., Wagner, Carol L., Wallace, Graham R., Weaver, Connie M., Webb, Daniel A., Welsh, JoEllen, White, John H., Whiting, Susan J., Williams, Emma L., Yahyavi, Sam Kafai, Yamamoto, Keiko, Yates, Clayton, Zagorac, Sladjana, Zhang, Rong Mei, Zhao, Hengguang, Zhou, Ang, and Zittermann, Armin

Published
2023
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44. Thiamine deficiency in Gambian women of reproductive age.

Author

Bourassa, Megan W., Gomes, Filomena, Jones, Kerry S., Koulman, Albert, Prentice, Andrew M., and Cerami, Carla

Subjects
VITAMIN B1, VITAMIN B deficiency, CHILDBEARING age, ACTIVITY coefficients, TRANSKETOLASE, PRISON population
Abstract

Thiamine deficiency disorders are associated with a variety of clinical symptoms affecting the nervous and cardiovascular systems. There is growing recognition that thiamine deficiency can occur in populations well beyond the classical region of South Asia, and at‐risk populations include those who receive a large proportion of their energy from polished white rice (or other low‐thiamine staple foods) and with low dietary diversity. Reports of thiamine deficiency in West Africa over the last century have suggested that this has historically been an issue in this population, but in more recent decades, these reports have been limited to prison populations. To understand if thiamine deficiency might be an unrecognized problem in the communities of this region, erythrocyte samples collected during the wet and dry seasons from 226 women of reproductive age (mean age = 28 years old) were assessed for thiamine status by measuring the erythrocyte transketolase activity coefficient (ETKac). Overall, 35.8% of the sample was at high risk of thiamine deficiency (ETKac ≥ 1.25). Risk of thiamine deficiency was significantly higher in the wet (47.9%) compared with the dry season (22.9%) (P < 0.001). To our knowledge, this is the first report of biochemical thiamine deficiency in a free‐living population in West Africa in the 21st century and suggests that further investigation is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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47. Global prevalence and disease burden of vitamin D deficiency: A roadmap for action in low- and middle-income countries

Author

Roth, Daniel E, Abrams, Steven A, Aloia, John, Bergeron, Gilles, Bourassa, Megan W, Brown, Kenneth H, Calvo, Mona S, Cashman, Kevin D, Combs, Gerald, De-Regil, Luz María, Jefferds, Maria Elena, Jones, Kerry S, Kapner, Hallie, Martineau, Adrian R, Neufeld, Lynnette M, Schleicher, Rosemary L, Thacher, Tom D, Whiting, Susan J, Jones, Kerry [0000-0002-7380-9797], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
cholecalciferol, Fortification, fortification, Nutritional Status, vitamin D, Global Health, Article, Developing countries, rickets, Prevalence, Humans, Micronutrients, Vitamin D, Dietary supplementation, Nutrition, developing countries, dietary supplementation, Nutrition Surveys, Vitamin D Deficiency, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, nutrition, Cholecalcifero, micronutrients, Dietary Supplements, Food, Fortified, Sunlight, Rickets
Abstract

Vitamin D is an essential nutrient for bone health and may influence the risks of respiratory illness, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and chronic diseases of adulthood. Because many countries have a relatively low supply of foods rich in vitamin D and inadequate exposure to natural ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight, an important proportion of the global population is at risk of vitamin D deficiency. There is general agreement that the minimum serum/plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration (25(OH)D) that protects against vitamin D deficiency-related bone disease is approximately 30 nmol/L; therefore, this threshold is suitable to define vitamin D deficiency in population surveys. However, efforts to assess the vitamin D status of populations in low- and middle-income countries have been hampered by limited availability of population-representative 25(OH)D data, particularly among population subgroups most vulnerable to the skeletal and potential extraskeletal consequences of low vitamin D status, namely exclusively breastfed infants, children, adolescents, pregnant and lactating women, and the elderly. In the absence of 25(OH)D data, identification of communities that would benefit from public health interventions to improve vitamin D status may require proxy indicators of the population risk of vitamin D deficiency, such as the prevalence of rickets or metrics of usual UVB exposure. If a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is identified (>20% prevalence of 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L) or the risk for vitamin D deficiency is determined to be high based on proxy indicators (e.g., prevalence of rickets >1%), food fortification and/or targeted vitamin D supplementation policies can be implemented to reduce the burden of vitamin D deficiency-related conditions in vulnerable populations.

Published
2018

49. Erythrocyte transketolase activity coefficient (ETKAC) assay protocol for the assessment of thiamine status.

Author

Jones, Kerry S., Parkington, Damon A., Cox, Lorna J., and Koulman, Albert

Subjects
*VITAMIN B1, *THIAMIN pyrophosphate, *ACTIVITY coefficients, *TRANSKETOLASE, *ESSENTIAL nutrients, *VITAMIN B deficiency
Abstract

Vitamin B1 (thiamine) is an essential nutrient that acts as a cofactor for a number of metabolic processes, particularly in energy metabolism. Symptoms of classic thiamine deficiency are recognized as beriberi, although clinical symptoms are nonspecific and recognition of subclinical deficiency is difficult. Therefore, reliable biomarkers of thiamine status are required. Thiamine diphosphate is a cofactor for transketolase, including erythrocyte transketolase (ETK). The ETK activity assay as an indirect, functional marker of thiamine status has been used for over 50 years. The ETK activity assay provides a sensitive and specific biomarker of thiamine status; however, there is a lack of consensus over the cutoffs for deficiency, partly due to a lack of assay harmonization. Here, we provide a step‐by‐step protocol for the measurement of ETK activity and the calculation of the ETK activity coefficient, including detailed explanations of equipment and chemicals required and guidance for quality control procedures. Harmonization of the protocol will provide the basis for the development of internationally recognized cutoffs for thiamine insufficiency. The establishment of quality control materials and a quality assurance scheme are recommended to provide reliability. This will ensure that the ETK activity assay remains an important method for the assessment of thiamine status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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