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In these three short films, Ludmilla Jordanova and William Schupbach discuss the production, use, and circulation of a range of anatomical images and texts from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in the Wellcome Collection. With a focus on works by Joseph Maclise and his predecessors, the discussants consider the aesthetic, scientific, and philosophical contexts in which anatomists and artists made images of the inside of the human body. They also discuss the professional networks involved in the production of William Hunter’s The Anatomy of the Human Gravid Uterus, Richard Quain’s The Anatomy of the Arteries of the Human Body, Maclise’s Surgical Anatomy, among others. By turning pages, examining binding, deciphering inscriptions, and comparing editions, Jordanova and Schupbach engage with the materiality of the atlases, reminding us that they functioned as both working objects and collectors’ items.

This Cover Collaboration seeks to convey the atmospheric materiality of the studio-home of Frederic Leighton in the Holland Park area of West London. Five short films made by Jonathan Law highlight particular features of Leighton House, including the tiles of the Arab Hall imported from Turkey and the Middle East, the glittering golden chandelier, the sonorous tinkle of the fountain, and the peacock-inspired colours and textures of the interior design. The films are accompanied by texts chosen by Mary Roberts, author of an article on “The Resistant Materiality of Frederic Leighton’s Arab Hall” in this issue of British Art Studies.

This conversation between Judy Chicago, The Women’s Art League, and Hana Leaper, filmed by Jonathan Law at the Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art, Brooklyn Museum, will be published in early 2018. The participants will discuss the Famous Women Dinner Service in relation to contemporary artworks, focusing on The Dinner Party (Judy Chicago, 1974–79) and Vagina China (The Women’s Art League, 2016–present). Questions explored will include: the role of hospitality and domesticity in feminist art projects; the evolution of iconography as it relates to aesthetic freedom and the visibility of women and their bodies; the strategies of shared authorship and collective practice; and what each of the artworks discussed offers their respective eras in terms of confronting taboos associated with women and their histories.

In this series of short films made by Jonathan Law, the art historian James Boaden, and the curator of The John Deakin Archive, Paul Rousseau, discuss the double-exposure images made by the photographer John Deakin (1912-1972) in the 1950s and 1960s. The films ask you, firstly, to look closely at the images being discussed. Each one begins with a sustained and intense shot of a single image before opening up to a wide-ranging discussion about Deakin, double exposures, and photography.

Abstract Data access committees (DAC) gatekeep access to secured genomic and related health datasets yet are challenged to keep pace with the rising volume and complexity of data generation. Automated decision support (ADS) systems have been shown to support consistency, compliance, and coordination of data access review decisions. However, we lack understanding of how DAC members perceive the value add of ADS, if any, on the quality and effectiveness of their reviews. In this qualitative study, we report findings from 13 semi-structured interviews with DAC members from around the world to identify relevant barriers and facilitators to implementing ADS for genomic data access management. Participants generally supported pilot studies that test ADS performance, for example in cataloging data types, verifying user credentials and tagging datasets for use terms. Concerns related to over-automation, lack of human oversight, low prioritization, and misalignment with institutional missions tempered enthusiasm for ADS among the DAC members we engaged. Tensions for change in institutional settings within which DACs operated was a powerful motivator for why DAC members considered the implementation of ADS into their access workflows, as well as perceptions of the relative advantage of ADS over the status quo. Future research is needed to build the evidence base around the comparative effectiveness and decisional outcomes of institutions that do/not use ADS into their workflows.

Purpose: To evaluate the biomechanical properties of open versus percutaneous Achilles tendon repair. Methods: A systematic review of original research articles was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. To qualify for study inclusion, articles were required to be published in English, use a laboratory design using either human or animal tissue, and directly compare the biomechanical properties of open Achilles repair using a Krackow or Kessler technique with percutaneous repair using either a locking or nonlocking suture construct. The biomechanical outcomes evaluated were displacement (millimeters) and load to failure (Newtons). Results: Twelve studies met inclusion criteria, including 234 specimens (open: 97, percutaneous locking: 73; percutaneous nonlocking: 64) that underwent primary midsubstance Achilles tendon repair. Pooled analysis demonstrated no statistically significant difference in displacement (P = .240) or load to failure (P = .912) between the open and percutaneous techniques. Among the percutaneous approaches, there was no difference in displacement (P = .109) between the locking and nonlocking tendon repair systems. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that both open and percutaneous techniques are biomechanically viable approaches for primary midsubstance Achilles tendon repair. Clinical Relevance: In clinical studies, similar rerupture rates have been observed after open or percutaneous Achilles tendon repair. It may be beneficial for surgeons to understand whether biomechanical differences exist between these repair techniques.

Abstract Cobalt oxide, nickel oxide and cobalt/nickel binary oxides were synthesised by electrodeposition. To fine tune composition of CoNi alloys, growth parameters including voltage, electrolyte pH/concentration and deposition time were varied. These produced nanomaterials were used as binder free electrodes in supercapacitor cells and tested using three electrode setup in 2 MKOH aqueous electrolyte. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge were used at different scan rates (5–100 mV/s) and current densities (1–10 A/g) respectively to investigate the capacitive behaviour and measure the capacitance of active material. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to analyse the resistive/conductive behaviours of these electrodes in frequency range of 100 kHz to 0.01 Hz at applied voltage of 10 mV. Binary oxide electrode displayed superior electrochemical performance with the specific capacitance of 176 F/g at current density of 1 A/g. This hybrid electrode also displayed capacitance retention of over 83% after 5000 charge/discharge cycles. Cell displayed low solution resistance of 0.35 Ω along with good conductivity. The proposed facile approach to synthesise binder free blended metal electrodes can result in enhanced redox activity of pseudocapacitive materials. Consequently, fine tuning of these materials by controlling the cobalt and nickel contents can assist in broadening their applications in electrochemical energy storage in general and in supercapacitors in particular.

BackgroundNew federal policies along with rapid growth in data generation, storage, and analysis tools are together driving scientific data sharing in the United States. At the same, triangulating human research data from diverse sources can also create situations where data are used for future research in ways that individuals and communities may consider objectionable. Institutional gatekeepers, namely, signing officials (SOs), are therefore at the helm of compliant management and sharing of human data for research. Of those with data governance responsibilities, SOs most often serve as signatories for investigators who deposit, access, and share research data between institutions. Although SOs play important leadership roles in compliant data sharing, we know surprisingly little about their scope of work, roles, and oversight responsibilities. ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to describe existing institutional policies and practices of US SOs who manage human genomic data access, as well as how these may change in the wake of new Data Management and Sharing requirements for National Institutes of Health–funded research in the United States. MethodsWe administered an anonymous survey to institutional SOs recruited from biomedical research institutions across the United States. Survey items probed where data generated from extramurally funded research are deposited, how researchers outside the institution access these data, and what happens to these data after extramural funding ends. ResultsIn total, 56 institutional SOs participated in the survey. We found that SOs frequently approve duplicate data deposits and impose stricter access controls when data use limitations are unclear or unspecified. In addition, 21% (n=12) of SOs knew where data from federally funded projects are deposited after project funding sunsets. As a consequence, most investigators deposit their scientific data into “a National Institutes of Health–funded repository” to meet the Data Management and Sharing requirements but also within the “institution’s own repository” or a third-party repository. ConclusionsOur findings inform 5 policy recommendations and best practices for US SOs to improve coordination and develop comprehensive and consistent data governance policies that balance the need for scientific progress with effective human data protections.

This study investigated how the extruder temperature, printing speed, and specimen geometry interact during a tensile test of continuous carbon fiber-reinforced nylon matrix composites produced by the fused deposition modelling (FDM) process. The investigation utilized statistical techniques. For this purpose, tensile examinations were done on manufactured samples using a testing apparatus. The study’s objective is to identify the most efficient specimen geometry for tensile testing result optimization and to maximize the 3D printing process’s capability for producing complex, freeform patterns in these composites. In this study, the input parameters required for the response surface methodology (RSM) were varying extruder temperature (240-255°C) and printing speed (60-80 mm/s), and experimental responses included modulus, elongation at break, and weight. The findings of the regression analysis showed output responses are influenced by both input variables. The results showed that the strength of the samples was significantly influenced by the input parameters. To draw the surface and residual plots, the software of design expert software was used. The interaction between the two input variables suggests raising the extruder temperature and decreasing printing speed, which leads to printing heavier samples. Inversely, the diversity between the forecasted and real responses for the optimal specimens is less than 10% which is assumed to be acceptable for the design of experiments (DOE). The analysis took into account the lower and upper ranges of the input variable with the goal of enhancing both the most modulus and fracture elongation while simultaneously degrading the weight of the specimens. To achieve this objective, the extruder temperature and printing speed are between 240 and 250°C and 65 and 75 mm/s, respectively.

Category: Hindfoot; Basic Sciences/Biologics Introduction/Purpose: Primary repair of mid-substance Achilles tendon rupture may be performed using an open or a percutaneous technique. Previous meta-analyses of clinical data comparing the two techniques have demonstrated mostly equivalent functional outcomes and re-rupture rates. Individual cadaveric studies have also compared the biomechanical properties of the two approaches. However, the results of these studies have been heterogeneous, and there is currently no consensus as to whether one technique may be biomechanically superior. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the biomechanical properties of open versus percutaneous Achilles tendon repair. Methods: A systematic review of original research articles was performed using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. To qualify for study inclusion, articles were required to be published in English, utilized a cadaveric laboratory design, and had to directly compare the biomechanical properties of open Achilles repair using a Krackow or Kessler technique versus percutaneous repair using either the PARS (Arthrex) or Achillon (Integra) tendon repair systems. Evaluated outcomes included displacement (mm), load to failure (N), and stiffness (N/m). Results: Nine studies met inclusion criteria, including 190 cadaveric specimens (open: 83, PARS: 56; Achillon: 51) that underwent primary mid-substance Achilles tendon repair. Pooled analysis demonstrated no statistically significant difference in displacement (p = 0.418; Figure 1), load to failure (p = 0.923; Figure 2), or stiffness (p = 0.195; Figure 3) between the open and percutaneous techniques. Among the percutaneous approaches, there was no difference in displacement (p = 0.109; Figure 4) between the PARS and Achillon tendon repair systems. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that both open and percutaneous techniques are biomechanically viable approaches for primary mid-substance Achilles tendon repair. These biomechanical findings must be interpreted in the context of clinical outcomes data as well as the differing complication profiles of the two techniques to best inform the surgical decision-making process for primary mid-substance Achilles tendon repair.

Caring for an infant is a tough and demanding task that presents various challenges for parents. This is especially true for parents who have physical disabilities, as they face unique obstacles in their caregiving journey. For parents with limited movement in their upper limbs, keeping track of important aspects of their baby's health, like weight and temperature, can be a difficult and exhausting task, necessitating innovative solutions to ensure that these parents can provide the best possible care for their child while also promoting their independence. While previous studies have established technology that enhance baby's comfort and safety in cradles and cots, and in contrast to existing products that may require separate monitoring devices or manual interventions, this work presents a significant shift by focusing on the specific needs of parents with phocomelia and upper limb amputation, to enable them to provide independent and attentive infant care. We developed a voice recognition-controlled smart baby cot equipped with real-time temperature and weight monitoring features, and a liquid-crystal display (LCD) feedback, to assist such parents in predicting their baby's well-being. We conducted both finite element analysis (FEA) and ten experimental performance evaluations on the prototype, with and without a load (baby) to assess the cot's load-bearing capacity across different positions, its sensitivity to household noise, and consistency in temperature and weight reading. Our findings demonstrated consistent load-bearing capability and precise weight and temperature measurements, with an overall standard error of 0.03. The voice activation system also performed effectively in environments with noise levels below 80 dB. This work promotes parental autonomy and has the potential to benefit infants and parents in various contexts, including resource-constrained settings. Additionally, it aligns with the global discourse on inclusive healthcare and technology, contributing to the objectives of Africa's Agenda 2063 and Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.

Abstract Background Analyses of blood biomarkers involved in the host response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral infection can reveal distinct biological pathways and inform development and testing of therapeutics for COVID-19. Our objective was to evaluate host endothelial, epithelial and inflammatory biomarkers in COVID-19. Methods We prospectively enrolled 171 ICU patients, including 78 (46%) patients positive and 93 (54%) negative for SARS-CoV-2 infection from April to September, 2020. We compared 22 plasma biomarkers in blood collected within 24 h and 3 days after ICU admission. Results In critically ill COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients, the most common ICU admission diagnoses were respiratory failure or pneumonia, followed by sepsis and other diagnoses. Similar proportions of patients in both groups received invasive mechanical ventilation at the time of study enrollment. COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients had similar rates of acute respiratory distress syndrome, severe acute kidney injury, and in-hospital mortality. While concentrations of interleukin 6 and 8 were not different between groups, markers of epithelial cell injury (soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products, sRAGE) and acute phase proteins (serum amyloid A, SAA) were significantly higher in COVID-19 compared to non-COVID-19, adjusting for demographics and APACHE III scores. In contrast, angiopoietin 2:1 (Ang-2:1 ratio) and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNFR-1), markers of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, were significantly lower in COVID-19 (p

Increasing concerns about the prevalence of false information and fake news has led to calls for automated fact-checking systems that are capable of verifying the truthfulness of statements, especially on the internet. Most previous automated fact-checking systems have focused on the use of grammar rules only for determining the properties of the language used in statements. Here, we demonstrate a novel approach to the fact-checking of natural language text, which uses a combination of all the following techniques: knowledge extraction to establish a knowledge base, logical inference for fact-checking of claims not explicitly mentioned in the text through the verification of the consistency of a set of beliefs with established trusted knowledge, and a re-querying approach that enables continuous learning. The approach that is presented here addresses the limitations of existing automated fact-checking systems via this novel procedure. This procedure is as follows: the approach investigates the consistency of presented facts or claims while using probabilistic soft logic and a Knowledge Base, which is continuously updated through continuous learning strategies. We demonstrate this approach by focusing on the task of checking facts about family-tree relationships against a corpus of web resources concerned with the UK Royal Family.