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Therefore, P SB w0 sb - P SB w sb ' = {(Q SB w0 sb - Q SB w sb )*P SB w0 sb }/(Q SB w0 sb * SB w sb ). [30] assumed that the farm market was competitive and did not test market power in farm supply, despite the fact that farm supply dynamics could affect processors' exertion of market power. Keywords: market power; welfare analysis; US catfish EN market power welfare analysis US catfish 1 11 11 05/13/22 20221201 NES 221201 1 Introduction Catfish production is the largest component of the US aquaculture industry, and contributes significantly to local economies of the US's southern states ([21]). [Extracted from the article]

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.05.001 Byline: Budry Bayard (a), Curtis M. Jolly (a), Dennis A. Shannon (b) Keywords: Economics; Adoption; Alley cropping; Haiti Abstract: The Haitian people are facing serious problems of environmental degradation that threaten the economic livelihoods of many resource-poor farmers. Structures to retard the process of soil loss have been adopted reluctantly and, even when adopted, the management and maintenance have been less than desirable. We evaluate the factors that influence the adoption and management of alley cropping in Haiti. Results of the adoption model show that institutional factors, such as membership in a local peasant organization and training in soil conservation practices, favorably influence adoption. Socio-economic factors such as gender, per capita income, and interaction between education and per capita income also significantly influence adoption of alley cropping in Gaita and Bannate. The management of alley cropping is influenced by demographic, socio-economic, institutional, and physical factors. The relative importance of each factor on the probability of adoption and management of alley cropping varies from one variable to another. The study generates important information for resource allocation in the establishment of alley cropping as a soil conservation structure. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA (b) Department of Agronomy and Soils, Auburn Agricultural Experimental Station, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA Article History: Received 28 January 2005; Revised 11 March 2006; Accepted 5 May 2006

The research investigates whether cooperative formation through horizontal integration is best way forward to enable small-scale farmers meet certification requirements. The study employed a literature review on the shrimp industry in Vietnam, value chain analysis, cooperative formation through horizontal integration while developing vertical integration linkages with larger lead firms plus a case study review to investigate the survivability of small-scale farmers under standards imposition by importers. The study is based on theoretical concepts and on a case study. The study showed that the formation of a cooperative is a necessary condition to assist small-scale farmers to access certification. Formation of a cooperative with a diverse field of membership including small-scale farmers, collectors, and providers of supporting logistics to the value chain, as well as vertical backward integration with input providers and vertical forward integration with processing plants, are sufficient conditions to enable small-scale producers to attain certification and improve product standards. The study investigates the importance of cooperative formation through horizontal integration as a practical solution to enable small-scale shrimp producers to survive the severe standard requirements by importers. The study implies that social gatherings such as cooperatives can be used for knowledge transmission to enable small-scale farmers survive the standard requirements by importers. The study is original in its combination of horizontal integration for forming cooperatives with diverse field of membership and vertical integration with large firms to circumvent the pressures of standards by shrimp importers. Additional data from functional cooperatives would have to verify further the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vietnam fish producers have little adaptive financial strategies to deal with fish mortality from diseases or climatic events. Government of Vietnam (GOV) decided to implement an agriculture insurance scheme starting with a pilot program during the period 2011-2013. The objectives of the insurance pilot program were to protect rural livelihoods and to improve the efficiency of the insurance market. After the completion of the three-year pilot scheme, GOV intended to encourage the insurance companies to privatize the insurance program nationwide. The question to be asked: Was the pilot insurance well planned and are the results sufficient to encourage the private sector to commercialize the venture? The literature search showed that the aquaculture insurance program was a total disaster. The feasibility study failure was due to a lack of a prototype model for a dry run to examine the operation. There was no legal document but a set of decisions and circulars. The pilot aquaculture insurance program had only one product for the use of clients. There was an absence of a monitoring and evaluation system in place. Underwriters had no data and guide to properly evaluate claims. The heavily subsidized program encouraged price distortion, adverse selection and moral hazard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Auburn University, Alabama, U.S.A. Journal of Asian and African Studies Vol.24 (1989) pp. 188-198 The forces influencing pricing and selling decisions in African markets were analyzed. The Kendall Coefficient of [...]