Search

Your search keyword '"Joint FAO/IAEA Programme - Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture"' showing total 29 results
Start Over Author "Joint FAO/IAEA Programme - Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture"
29 results on '"Joint FAO/IAEA Programme - Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture"'

1. Vector competence of sterile male Glossina fuscipes fuscipes for Trypanosoma brucei brucei: implications for the implementation of the sterile insect technique in a sleeping sickness focus in Chad

Author

Mahamat Hissene Mahamat, Adeline Ségard, Jean-Baptiste Rayaisse, Rafael Argiles-Herrero, Andrew Gordon Parker, Philippe Solano, Adly Mohamed Mohamed Abd-Alla, Jérémy Bouyer, Sophie Ravel, Institut de Recherche en Elevage pour le Developpement [N'Djamena, Tchad] (IRED), Interactions hôtes-vecteurs-parasites-environnement dans les maladies tropicales négligées dues aux trypanosomatides (UMR INTERTRYP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Centre international de recherche-développement sur l'élevage en zone sub-humide (CIRDES), Insect Pest Control Laboratory (IPC laboratory), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO)-International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Joint FAO/IAEA Programme - Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, This work was funded by IAEA grant EVT 1804311 to Hissene Mahamat and was supported by the project, Research Infrastructures for the control of vector-borne diseases (Infravec2), which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement number 731060., and European Project: 731060,INFRAVEC2(2017)

Subjects
Infectious Diseases, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Trypanocide, Isometamidium, Parasitology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Tsetse
Abstract

Background Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a neglected tropical disease caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense transmitted by tsetse flies in sub-Saharan West Africa. In southern Chad the most active and persistent focus is the Mandoul focus, with 98% of the reported human cases, and where African animal trypanosomosis (AAT) is also present. Recently, a control project to eliminate tsetse flies (Glossina fuscipes fuscipes) in this focus using the sterile insect technique (SIT) was initiated. However, the release of large numbers of sterile males of G. f. fuscipes might result in a potential temporary increase in transmission of trypanosomes since male tsetse flies are also able to transmit the parasite. The objective of this work was therefore to experimentally assess the vector competence of sterile males treated with isometamidium for Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Methods An experimental infection was set up in the laboratory, mimicking field conditions: the same tsetse species that is present in Mandoul was used. A T. b. brucei strain close to T. b. gambiense was used, and the ability of the sterile male tsetse flies fed on blood with and without a trypanocide to acquire and transmit trypanosomes was measured. Results Only 2% of the experimentally infected flies developed an immature infection (midgut) while none of the flies developed a metacyclic infection of T. b. brucei in the salivary glands. We did not observe any effect of the trypanocide used (isometamidium chloride at 100 mg/l) on the development of infection in the flies. Conclusions Our results indicate that sterile males of the tested strain of G. f. fuscipes were unable to cyclically transmit T. b. brucei and might even be refractory to the infection. The data of the research indicate that the risk of cyclical transmission of T. brucei by sterile male G. f. fuscipes of the strain colonized at IAEA for almost 40 years appears to be small. Graphical Abstract

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Eating eggplants as a cucurbit feeder: Dietary shifts affect the gut microbiome of the melon fly Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Diptera, Tephritidae)

Author

Wouter Hendrycks, Hélène Delatte, Laura Moquet, Kostas Bourtzis, Nele Mullens, Marc De Meyer, Thierry Backeljau, Massimiliano Virgilio, Royal Museum for Central Africa [Tervuren] (RMCA), University of Antwerp (UA), Evolutionary Ecology Group, Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Joint FAO/IAEA Programme - Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO)-International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), and This study was supported by funds from a 'Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds' grant from the University of Antwerp, a 'Fonds voor wetenschappelijk onderzoek' Ph.D. fellowship of the FWO (11G9221N), and was supported by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA, Vienna) through the technical contract n. 20876 'Comparative Microbiomics of African Fruit Flies' (CMAFF).

Subjects
gut microbiota, Flore microbienne, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Tephritidae, Relation plante animal, L60 - Taxonomie et géographie animales, Relation hôte pathogène, host shift, plant-insect interactions, wild populations, H10 - Ravageurs des plantes, Microbiology, Diet, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Cucurbitaceae, Animals, Solanum melongena, Biology
Abstract

All raw sequence read data are available from the European Nucleotide Archive under the accession number PRJEB49793: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/PRJEB49793. Sample data set, sample metadata, and codes for analysis are available on GitHub: https://github.com/wouterhendrycks/tephritid_microbiome_host_switch_project and in Zenodo: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6810766.Supporting Information table (Differential abundance analysis of bacterial genera between larval microbiomes from larvae between different host plants and between different sites using ALDEx2) is available in the Zenodo repository at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6811204).; International audience; Graphical Abstract:We investigated how the gut microbiome composition changes in a cucurbit-feeding fly Zeugodacus cucurbitae when it feeds on atypical solanaceous hosts instead of typical cucurbit hosts. Wild parental (F0) adults and semiwild first filial (F1) larvae of Z. cucurbitae collected from two locations in Réunion Island showed heterogeneous microbiome responses across host plants. This study shows how local processes and host plants can strongly affect the composition of the insect microbiome and the importance of using adequately sampled populations. Figure: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/10ec8f92-c6b0-4f27-aaf0-0ed246f23aa9/mbo31307-gra-0001-m.jpgAbstract: While contemporary changes in feeding preferences have been documented in phytophagous insects, the mechanisms behind these processes remain to be fully clarified. In this context, the insect gut microbiome plays a central role in adaptation to novel host plants. The cucurbit frugivorous fruit fly Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Diptera, Tephritidae) has occasionally been reported on "unconventional" host plants from different families, including Solanaceae. In this study, we focus on wild parental (F-0) adults and semiwild first filial (F-1) larvae of Z. cucurbitae from multiple sites in La Reunion and explore how the gut microbiome composition changes when this fly is feeding on a noncucurbit host (Solanum melongena). Our analyses show nonobvious gut microbiome responses following the F-0-F-1 host shift and the importance of not just diet but also local effects, which heavily affected the diversity and composition of microbiomes. We identified the main bacterial genera responsible for differences between treatments. These data further stress the importance of a careful approach when drawing general conclusions based on laboratory populations or inadequately replicated field samples.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Phased Conditional Approach for Mosquito Management Using Sterile Insect Technique

Author

Hanano Yamada, Rui Pereira, Kostas Bourtzis, Marc J. B. Vreysen, Jérémy Bouyer, Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), Departamento de Matemática e Aplicaçoes (DMA), Universidade do Minho, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme - Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA)-Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO), Insect Pest Control Laboratory (IPC laboratory), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO)-International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Insect Pest Control Laboratory, and FAO/IAEA

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Mosquito Control, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, zika, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Dengue fever, mosquito-borne diseases, Sterile insect technique, 0302 clinical medicine, Aedes, Gestion intégrée, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Contrôle de maladies, Lâcher d'insectes stériles, 3. Good health, Vecteur de maladie, Infectious Diseases, 030231 tropical medicine, malaria, Vector Borne Diseases, Mosquito Vectors, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, virus Zika, area-wide-integrated pest management, business.industry, fungi, L70 - Sciences et hygiène vétérinaires - Considérations générales, medicine.disease, dengue, Lutte biologique, Maladie transmise par vecteur, Biotechnology, 030104 developmental biology, Infertility, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Parasitology, business, Malaria
Abstract

International audience; Mosquito-borne diseases represent a major threat to humankind. Recently, the incidence of malaria has stopped decreasing while that of dengue is increasing exponentially. Alternative mosquito-control methods are urgently needed. The sterile insect technique (SIT) has seen significant developments recently and may play an important role. However, testing and implementing SIT for vector control is challenging, and a phased conditional approach (PCA) is recommended, that is, advancement to the next phase depends on completion of activities in the previous one. We herewith present a PCA to test the SIT against mosquitoes within an area-wide-integrated pest-management programme, taking into account the experience gained with plant and livestock pests and the recent developments of the technique against mosquitoes.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. An atlas to support the progressive control of tsetse-transmitted animal trypanosomosis in Burkina Faso

Author

Sanon Gisele, Geoffrey Gimonneau, Adama Sow, Zakaria Bengaly, Weining Zhao, Rafael Argilés, Giuliano Cecchi, Sié Hermann Pooda, Issa Sidibé, Soumaïla Pagabeleguem, Moussa Ouedraogo, Rasmané Ganaba, Jérémy Bouyer, Jean Baptiste Rayaisse, Percoma Lassané, Massimo Paone, Insectarium de Bobo-Dioulasso, Partenaires INRAE, Centre international de recherche-développement sur l'élevage en zone sub-humide (CIRDES), Interactions hôtes-vecteurs-parasites-environnement dans les maladies tropicales négligées dues aux trypanosomatides (UMR INTERTRYP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Université de Dédougou (UDDG), Agence de Formation de Recherche et d'expertise en Santé pour l'Afrique (AFRICSanté), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Global Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Joint FAO/IAEA Programme - Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO)-International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), FAO Animal Production and Health Division (FAO), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO), and The national atlas of tsetse and AAT in Burkina Faso is an initiative of the Government of Burkina Faso, through its General direction IBD-CETT. FAO assistance to this study was provided in the framework of the Programme against African Trypanosomosis (PAAT), and supported by the Government of Italy (Project 'Improving food security in sub-Saharan Africa by supporting the progressive reduction of tsetse-transmitted trypanosomosis in the framework of the NEPAD', codes GTFS/RAF/474/ITA and GCP/RAF/502/ITA). Financial support was also provided by the IAEA.

Subjects
Trypanosoma, Glossina, Tsetse Flies, Trypanosoma congolense, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Glossina morsitans, Biology, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Glossina tachinoides, Database, Glossina palpalis, Burkina Faso, African animal trypanosomosis, Animals, Trypanosoma vivax, Tsetse, Cartographie, Atlas (topology), Trypanosomose africaine, Insect Vectors, Trypanosomiasis, African, Infectious Diseases, Vecteur de maladie, MapGIS, Parasitology, U30 - Méthodes de recherche, Cartography, L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux
Abstract

Background African animal trypanosomosis (AAT), transmitted by tsetse flies, is arguably the main disease constraint to integrated crop-livestock agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa, and African heads of state and governments adopted a resolution to rid the continent of this scourge. In order to sustainably reduce or eliminate the burden of AAT, a progressive and evidence-based approach is needed, which must hinge on harmonized, spatially explicit information on the occurrence of AAT and its vectors. Methods A digital repository was assembled, containing tsetse and AAT data collected in Burkina Faso between 1990 and 2019. Data were collected either in the framework of control activities or for research purposes. Data were systematically verified, harmonized, georeferenced and integrated into a database (PostgreSQL). Entomological data on tsetse were mapped at the level of individual monitoring traps. When this was not possible, mapping was done at the level of site or location. Epidemiological data on AAT were mapped at the level of location or village. Results Entomological data showed the presence of four tsetse species in Burkina Faso. Glossina tachinoides, present from the eastern to the western part of the country, was the most widespread and abundant species (56.35% of the catches). Glossina palpalis gambiensis was the second most abundant species (35.56%), and it was mainly found in the west. Glossina morsitans submorsitans was found at lower densities (6.51%), with a patchy distribution in the southern parts of the country. A single cluster of G. medicorum was detected (less than 0.25%), located in the south-west. Unidentified tsetse flies accounted for 1.33%. For the AAT component, data for 54,948 animal blood samples were assembled from 218 geographic locations. The samples were tested with a variety of diagnostic methods. AAT was found in all surveyed departments, including the tsetse-free areas in the north. Trypanosoma vivax and T. congolense infections were the dominant ones, with a prevalence of 5.19 ± 18.97% and 6.11 ± 21.56%, respectively. Trypanosoma brucei infections were detected at a much lower rate (0.00 ± 0.10%). Conclusions The atlas provides a synoptic view of the available information on tsetse and AAT distribution in Burkina Faso. Data are very scanty for most of the tsetse-free areas in the northern part of the country. Despite this limitation, this study generated a robust tool for targeting future surveillance and control activities. The development of the atlas also strengthened the collaboration between the different institutions involved in tsetse and AAT research and control in Burkina Faso, which will be crucial for future updates and the sustainability of the initiative. Graphical Abstract

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Reply to: Issues with combining incompatible and sterile insect techniques

Author

Yongjun Li, Lee Ching Ng, Ary A. Hoffmann, Cheong Huat Tan, Luke Anthony Baton, Jérémy Bouyer, Dongjing Zhang, Zhiyong Xi, Andrew G. Parker, Guangzhou University, University of Michigan [Dearborn], University of Michigan System, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Joint FAO/IAEA Programme - Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO)-International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), University of Melbourne, National Environment Agency [Singapore] (NEA), Nanayang Technological University (NTU), Nanayang Technological University, and This work was supported by Guangdong Innovative Research Team Program (no. 2011S009), and Scientific and Technological Leading Talents of Guangzhou Development District (no. 2013L-P116).

Subjects
0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, 040301 veterinary sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], media_common.quotation_subject, MEDLINE, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Insect, Computational biology, Biology, biology.organism_classification, 0403 veterinary science, 03 medical and health sciences, Wolbachia, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, media_common
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. Innate Immune Responses to Wildtype and Attenuated Sheeppox Virus Mediated Through RIG-1 Sensing in PBMC In-Vitro

Author

Tesfaye Rufael Chibssa, Richard Thiga Kangethe, Francisco J. Berguido, Tirumala Bharani K. Settypalli, Yang Liu, Reingard Grabherr, Angelika Loitsch, Elena Lucia Sassu, Rudolf Pichler, Giovanni Cattoli, Adama Diallo, Viskam Wijewardana, Charles Euloge Lamien, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme - Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO)-International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center (NAHDIC), Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), University of Veterinary Medicine [Vienna] (Vetmeduni), Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles [Dakar] (ISRA), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology, Sheep Diseases, Receptors, Cell Surface, Poxviridae Infections, Biology, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Vaccines, Attenuated, medicine.disease_cause, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Immunity, SPPV, Sheeppox virus, medicine, cytokine, Animals, Immunology and Allergy, PRRs, Phylogeny, Original Research, Sheeppox, Sheep, Innate immune system, Goatpox virus, Pattern recognition receptor, Viral Vaccines, RC581-607, Acquired immune system, Virology, Immunity, Innate, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, gene expression, RIG-1, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, LAV, Capripoxvirus, 030215 immunology
Abstract

International audience; tSheeppox (SPP) is a highly contagious disease of small ruminants caused by sheeppox virus (SPPV) and predominantly occurs in Asia and Africa with significant economic losses. SPPV is genetically and immunologically closely related to goatpox virus (GTPV) and lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), which infect goats and cattle respectively. SPPV live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) are used for vaccination against SPP and goatpox (GTP). Mechanisms related to innate immunity elicited by SPPV are unknown. Although adaptive immunity is responsible for long-term immunity, it is the innate responses that prevent viral invasion and replication before LAVs generate specific long-term protection. We analyzed the relative expression of thirteen selected genes that included pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), Nuclear factor-kappa beta p65 (NF-kappa beta), and cytokines to understand better the interaction between SPPV and its host. The transcripts of targeted genes in sheep PBMC incubated with either wild type (WT) or LAV SPPV were analyzed using quantitative PCR. Among PRRs, we observed a significantly higher expression of RIG-1 in PBMC incubated with both WT and LAV, with the former producing the highest expression level. However, there was high inter-individual variability in cytokine transcripts levels among different donors, with the expression of TNF alpha, IL-15, and IL-10 all significantly higher in both PBMC infected with either WT or LAV compared to control PBMC. Correlation studies revealed a strong significant correlation between RIG-1 and IL-10, between TLR4, TNF alpha, and NF-kappa beta, between IL-18 and IL-15, and between NF-kappa beta and IL-10. There was also a significant negative correlation between RIG-1 and IFN gamma, between TLR3 and IL-1 beta, and between TLR4 and IL-15 (P< 0.05). This study identified RIG-1 as an important PRR in the signaling pathway of innate immune activation during SPPV infection, possibly through intermediate viral dsRNA. The role of immunomodulatory molecules produced by SPPV capable of inhibiting downstream signaling activation following RIG-1 upregulation is discussed. These findings advance our knowledge of the induction of immune responses by SPPV and will help develop safer and more potent vaccines against SPP and GTP.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. Molecular Analysis of East African Lumpy Skin Disease Viruses Reveals a Mixed Isolate with Features of Both Vaccine and Field Isolates

Author

Angelika Loitsch, Tesfaye Rufael Chibssa, Yazeed Abd Elraouf, Melaku Sombo, Francisco J. Berguido, Charles Euloge Lamien, Jacqueline Kasiiti Lichoti, Giovanni Cattoli, Adama Diallo, Mesfin Sahle, Tirumala B. K. Settypalli, Yang Liu, Reingard Grabherr, Tajelser Adam, International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center (NAHDIC), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries [Kenya], Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Ranges, Ankara Üniversitesi, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme - Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO)-International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles [Dakar] (ISRA), and This study was supported by the VETLAB network initiative of the Joint FAO/IAEA Division, funded through the African Renaissance and International Cooperation Fund of South Africa and the Peaceful Uses Initiatives (PUI) funded by Japan and the United States of America

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), 040301 veterinary sciences, QH301-705.5, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biology, RPO30 gene, Microbiology, Virus, Article, 0403 veterinary science, EEV glycoprotein, 03 medical and health sciences, Lumpy skin disease, Virology, Genetic variation, medicine, LSDV, B22R gene, GPCR gene, Biology (General), Pathogen, Gene, Epizootic, Genetic diversity, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, medicine.disease, Lumpy skin disease virus, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology
Abstract

International audience; Lumpy skin disease (LSD), an economically significant disease in cattle caused by lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), is endemic to nearly all of Africa. Since 2012, LSDV has emerged as a significant epizootic pathogen given its rapid spread into new geographical locations outside Africa, including the Middle East, Eastern Europe, and Asia. To assess the genetic diversity of LSDVs in East Africa, we sequenced and analyzed the RPO30 and GPCR genes of LSDV in twenty-two archive samples collected in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Sudan before the appearance of LSD in the Middle East and its incursion into Europe. We compared them to publicly available sequences of LSDVs from the same region and those collected elsewhere. The results showed that the East African field isolates in this study were remarkably similar to each other and to previously sequenced field isolates of LSDV for the RPO30 and GPCR genes. The only exception was LSDV Embu/B338/2011, a field virus collected in Kenya, which displayed mixed features between the LSDV Neethling vaccine and field isolates. LSDV Embu/B338/2011 had the same 12-nucleotide insertion found in LSDV Neethling and KS-1 vaccines. Further analysis of the partial EEV glycoprotein, B22R, RNA helicase, virion core protein, NTPase, and N1R/p28-like protein genes showed that LSDV Embu/B338/2011 differs from previously described LSDV variants carrying the 12-nucleotide insertion in the GPCR gene. These findings highlight the importance of the constant monitoring of genetic variation among LSDV isolates.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. A distribution model for Glossina brevipalpis and Glossina austeni in Southern Mozambique, Eswatini and South Africa for enhanced area-wide integrated pest management approaches

Author

Laure Guerrini, Moeti O. Taioe, Luis Neves, Gert J. Venter, Marc J. B. Vreysen, Ahmadou Hamady Dicko, Fernando Chanisso Mulandane, Jérémy Bouyer, Jerome Ntshangase, Sihle Mdluli, Chantel J. de Beer, Percy Moyaba, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme - Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO)-International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research [Onderstepoort, South Africa] (ARC-OVR), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Eduardo Mondlane University, University of Pretoria [South Africa], Interactions hôtes-vecteurs-parasites-environnement dans les maladies tropicales négligées dues aux trypanosomatides (UMR INTERTRYP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université de Bordeaux (UB)

Subjects
Integrated pest management, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], RC955-962, Species distribution, Distribution (economics), Disease Vectors, 030308 mycology & parasitology, Geographical Locations, South Africa, 0302 clinical medicine, Medical Conditions, Abundance (ecology), Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Medicine and Health Sciences, Organisme nuisible aux animaux, Mozambique, Conservation Science, 2. Zero hunger, Protozoans, Mammals, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Lutte intégrée antimaladie, Ecology, Eukaryota, Agriculture, Vegetation, Ruminants, Insects, Geography, Vecteur de maladie, Infectious Diseases, Habitat, Vertebrates, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, L74 - Troubles divers des animaux, L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux, Research Article, Trypanosoma, Glossina, Arthropoda, Tsetse Fly, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Cattle Diseases, Glossina austeni, Insect Control, 03 medical and health sciences, Bovines, Animals, 14. Life underwater, education, Transmission des maladies, Ecosystem, business.industry, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, L70 - Sciences et hygiène vétérinaires - Considérations générales, 15. Life on land, Invertebrates, Glossinidae, Parasitic Protozoans, Insect Vectors, Species Interactions, People and Places, Africa, Amniotes, Cattle, business, Animal Distribution, Eswatini, Zoology, Entomology
Abstract

Background Glossina austeni and Glossina brevipalpis (Diptera: Glossinidae) are the sole cyclical vectors of African trypanosomes in South Africa, Eswatini and southern Mozambique. These populations represent the southernmost distribution of tsetse flies on the African continent. Accurate knowledge of infested areas is a prerequisite to develop and implement efficient and cost-effective control strategies, and distribution models may reduce large-scale, extensive entomological surveys that are time consuming and expensive. The objective was to develop a MaxEnt species distribution model and habitat suitability maps for the southern tsetse belt of South Africa, Eswatini and southern Mozambique. Methodology/Principal findings The present study used existing entomological survey data of G. austeni and G. brevipalpis to develop a MaxEnt species distribution model and habitat suitability maps. Distribution models and a checkerboard analysis indicated an overlapping presence of the two species and the most suitable habitat for both species were protected areas and the coastal strip in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa and Maputo Province, Mozambique. The predicted presence extents, to a small degree, into communal farming areas adjacent to the protected areas and coastline, especially in the Matutuíne District of Mozambique. The quality of the MaxEnt model was assessed using an independent data set and indicated good performance with high predictive power (AUC > 0.80 for both species). Conclusions/Significance The models indicated that cattle density, land surface temperature and protected areas, in relation with vegetation are the main factors contributing to the distribution of the two tsetse species in the area. Changes in the climate, agricultural practices and land-use have had a significant and rapid impact on tsetse abundance in the area. The model predicted low habitat suitability in the Gaza and Inhambane Provinces of Mozambique, i.e., the area north of the Matutuíne District. This might indicate that the southern tsetse population is isolated from the main tsetse belt in the north of Mozambique. The updated distribution models will be useful for planning tsetse and trypanosomosis interventions in the area., Author summary The two tsetse species transmitting nagana in South Africa, Eswatini and southern Mozambique represent the southernmost distribution of this genus on the African continent. Distribution models were developed to support tsetse control. These models indicated that the main factors contributing to tsetse distribution in the area are the presence of host animals, variation in climate and vegetation mostly observed in protected areas, agricultural practises and land-use also had a significant and rapid impact on tsetse abundance in the area. Application of the model to areas north of the southern distribution predict a low presence of suitable habitats in the Gaza and Inhambane Provinces of Mozambique, thereby indicating that this southern population is geographically isolated from the main tsetse belt starting in the north of Mozambique.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. Use of an Alignment-Free Method for the Geographical Discrimination of GTPVs Based on the GPCR Sequences

Author

Delesa Damena, Adama Diallo, Melaku Sombo, Jacqueline Kasiiti Lichoti, Janchivdorj Erdenebaatar, Giovanni Cattoli, Yang Liu, Tesfaye Rufael Chibssa, Reingard Grabherr, Bazartseren Boldbaatar, Angelika Loitsch, Francisco J. Berguido, Charles Euloge Lamien, Tirumala B. K. Settypalli, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme - Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO)-International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center (NAHDIC), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries [Kenya], Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and This study was supported by the VETLAB network initiative of the Joint FAO/IAEA Division, funded through the African Renaissance and International Cooperation Fund of South Africa and the Peaceful Uses Initiatives (PUI) funded by Japan and the United States of America.

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), G-protein-coupled chemokine receptor, QH301-705.5, 040301 veterinary sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Capripoxvirus, GTPV, 0403 veterinary science, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, Sheeppox virus, medicine, Biology (General), Gene, 030304 developmental biology, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Phylogenetic tree, Communication, Nucleic acid sequence, Goatpox virus, k-mer, Outbreak, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, Lumpy skin disease virus, alignment-free algorithm
Abstract

International audience; This article is an oGoatpox virus (GTPV) belongs to the genus Capripoxvirus, together with sheeppox virus (SPPV) and lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV). GTPV primarily affects sheep, goats and some wild ruminants. Although GTPV is only present in Africa and Asia, the recent spread of LSDV in Europe and Asia shows capripoxviruses could escape their traditional geographical regions to cause severe outbreaks in new areas. Therefore, it is crucial to develop effective source tracing of capripoxvirus infections. Earlier, conventional phylogenetic methods, based on limited samples, identified three different nucleotide sequence profiles in the G-protein-coupled chemokine receptor (GPCR) gene of GTPVs. However, this method did not differentiate GTPV strains by their geographical origins. We have sequenced the GPCR gene of additional GTPVs and analyzed them with publicly available sequences, using conventional alignment-based methods and an alignment-free approach exploiting k-mer frequencies. Using the alignment-free method, we can now classify GTPVs based on their geographical origin: African GTPVs and Asian GTPVs, which further split into Western and Central Asian (WCA) GTPVs and Eastern and Southern Asian (ESA) GTPVs. This approach will help determine the source of introduction in GTPV emergence in disease-free regions and detect the importation of additional strains in disease-endemic areas

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Area-Wide Integrated Management of a Glossina palpalis gambiensis Population from the Niayes Area of Senegal: A Review of Operational Research in Support of a Phased Conditional Approach

Author

A. G. Mbaye, Assane Gueye Fall, Baba Sall, M. J. B. Vreysen, M. Bassene, M. Lo, Momar Talla Seck, Jérémy Bouyer, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme - Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA)-Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO), Laboratoire National d'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires [Dakar] (LNERV), Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles [Dakar] (ISRA), Ministère de l’Élevage et des Productions Animales [Dakar], Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions hôtes-vecteurs-parasites-environnement dans les maladies tropicales négligées dues aux trypanosomatides (UMR INTERTRYP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Jorge Hendrichs, Rui Pereira, and Marc J.B. Vreysen

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, adaptive management, Trypanosoma congolense, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, vector control, tsetse flies, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, elimination, African animal trypanosomosis, Trypanosoma vivax, Trypanosoma brucei, nagana, education, Integrated management, 2. Zero hunger, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Sterile Insect Technique, 15. Life on land, livestock, 010602 entomology, SIT, Geography, integrated vector management, Glossina palpalis, business
Abstract

International audience; In 2005, the Government of Senegal initiated a project entitled "Projet de lutte contre les glossines dans les Niayes" (Tsetse control project in the Niayes) with the aim of creating a zone free of Glossina palpalis gambiensis in that area. The project received technical and financial support from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD) and the US Department of State through the Peaceful Uses Initiative (PUI). It was implemented in the context of the Pan African Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Eradication Campaign (PATTEC) following a phased conditional approach (PCA) that entails implementation in distinct phases, in which support to the next phase is conditional upon completion of all (or at least the majority of) activities in the previous phase. In the case of the tsetse project in Senegal, the PCA consisted of 4 phases: (1) commitment of all stakeholders and training, (2) baseline data collection, feasibility studies and strategy development, (3) preparatory pre-operational activities and (4) operational activities. This paper provides an overview of the main activities that were carried out within each phase, with emphasis on the operational research carried out in phases 2 and 3, that was instrumental in guiding the project's decision-making. Activities of phase 2 focused on the collection of entomological, veterinary, socio-economic and environmental baseline data, and a population genetics study that proved the isolated character of the G. p. gambiensis population of the Niayes. These data enabled the tsetse-infested area to be delimited to 1000 km(2), the impact of animal trypanosomosis on the farmers' welfare to be quantified (annual benefits of 2 million Euro in the tsetse-infested zone), and the formulation of an area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) strategy that included a sterile insect (SIT) component to eradicate the isolated tsetse populations from the Niayes. In view of the extreme fragmentation of the remaining favourable habitat of the Niayes and the high human population density (peri-urban area), which excluded the possibility of using the Sequential Aerosol Technique, the IPM strategy that was selected comprised the suppression of the tsetse population with insecticide-impregnated traps/targets and the use of "pour-on" for cattle, followed by the release of sterile males to eliminate the remaining relic pockets. During phase 3, the pre-operational phase, a series of activities were carried out that were needed to implement the operational phase. These included the establishment of a colony of tsetse originating from the target area in Senegal, competitiveness studies between the sterile flies and those from the target area, development of transport methods for long-distance shipments of sterile male pupae, competitiveness of the sterile male flies after release in the target area, development of aerial release methods (including a new chilled adult release system) and development of a Maxent-based distribution model to guide the suppression, sterile male releases and monitoring of the eradication campaign. To be able to properly manage the eradication campaign in different phases, the entire target area was divided into 3 operational blocks. This paper demonstrates how, during the operational phase, scientific principles continued to guide the implementation process. The results to date are encouraging, i.e. the deployment of 269 insecticide-impregnated Vavoua traps in favourable habitat of Block 1 reduced the apparent density of the G. p. gambiensis population significantly (from 0.42 (SD 0.39) to 0.04 (SD 0.11) flies/trap/day). This was followed by the aerial release of sterile males that reduced the apparent density to zero after six months of releases. The last wild fly was trapped on August 9, 2012 in Block 1. In Block 2, during the suppression, the apparent fly density dropped from 1.24 (SD 1.23) to 0.005 (SD 0.017) flies/trap/day. Sterile male releases were initiated in February 2014 and expanded to cover the entire Block 2 in January 2015. The apparent fly density has so far been reduced to < 0.001 fly per trap per day until the end of 2018 and releases are still ongoing. The results of the campaign are discussed with respect to the "adaptive management approach" used, which was deemed critical for the success of the campaign.

Published
2021

11. Molecular characterization of African Swine fever viruses in Burkina Faso, Mali, and Senegal 1989-2016

Author

Minoungou, Germaine, Diop, Mariame, Dakouo, Marthin, Ouattara, Abdoul Karim, Settypalli, Tirumala Bharani K., Lo, Modou, Sidibe, Satigui, Kanyala, Estelle, Kone, Yaya Sidi, Diallo, Moctar Sidi, Ouedraogo, Anne, Coulibaly, Kadiatou, Ouedraogo, Victorine, Sow, Ibrahim, Niang, Mamadou, Achenbach, Jenna Elizabeth, Wade, Abel, Unger, Hermann, Diallo, Adama, Cattoli, Giovanni, Lamien, Charles Euloge, Simpore, Jacques, Laboratoire national d'élevage [Ouagadougou], Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo [Ouagadougou] (UJZK), Laboratoire National d'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires [Dakar] (LNERV), Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles [Dakar] (ISRA), Laboratoire Central Vétérinaire [Bamako, Mali], Medical centre Saint Camille-Pietro ANNIGONI Biomolecular Research Centre, Saint Camille-CERBA/LABIOGENE, International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), Joint FAO/IAEA Programme - Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO)-International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Global Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Battelle Memorial Institute, National Veterinary Laboratory (LANAVET), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

Subjects
Génétique moléculaire, Virus peste porcine africaine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Mali, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Senegal, Variation génétique, genotypes, Peste porcine africaine, Burkina Faso, parasitic diseases, population characteristics, African swine fever, geographic locations
Abstract

International audience; African swine fever (ASF) has been endemic in sub-Saharan Africa since the 1960s. Following its introduction in Senegal, in 1957, ASF steadily progressed through West Africa, reaching Burkina Faso in 2003, and later Mali in 2016. Despite the heavy burden of disease on pig production, little information is available on the genetic diversity of Africa swine fever virus (ASFV) in Burkina Faso, Mali and Senegal. Here, we used real-time PCR ASFV to detect the ASFV genome in samples collected between 1989 and 2016, in Burkina Faso, Mali and Senegal, and conventional approaches for isolate characterization. The C-terminal end of the p72 protein gene, the full E183L gene and the central variable region (CVR) within the B602L gene in ASFV genome were sequenced and compared to publicly available sequences. ASFV genome was found in 27 samples, 19 from Burkina Faso, three from Mali and five from Senegal. The phylogenetic analyses showed that all viruses belong to genotype I, with the ASFVs from Burkina Faso and Mali grouping with genotype Ia and ASFV serogroup 4, and those from Senegal with genotype Ib and the ASFV serogroup 1. The analysis of the CVR tetrameric tandem repeat sequences (TRS) showed four TRS variants in Burkina Faso, two in Senegal and one in Mali. The three countries did not share any common TRS, and all CVRs of this study differed from previously reported CVRs in West Africa, except for Senegal. Three of the five isolates from Senegal fully matched with the CVR, p72 and p54 sequences from ASFV IC96 collected during the 1996 ASF outbreak in Ivory Coast. This study shows the spread of the same ASFV strains across countries, highlighting the importance of continuous m;onitoring of ASFV isolates. It also calls for an urgent need to establish a regional plan for the control and eradication of ASF in West Africa

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. Hypoxia combined with chilling maintains the quality of irradiated Drosophila flies: a simulated shipment experiment

Author

Thomas Enriquez, Fabiana Sassù, Carlos Cáceres, Hervé Colinet, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Joint FAO/IAEA Programme - Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO)-International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), Université de Rennes (UR), ANR-15-CE21-0017, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, and ANR-15-CE21-0017,Suzukill,Gestion de la tolérance au froid et de la qualité des mouches, Drosophila suzukii, produites en masse pour faciliter la mise en place d'un contrôle biologique par les méthodes de lâchers d'insectes stériles et incompatibles(2015)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Insect, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Sterile insect technique, medicine, Drosophila suzukii, Drosophila, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, 0303 health sciences, Larva, biology, fungi, food and beverages, General Medicine, Hypoxia (medical), biology.organism_classification, Pupa, 010602 entomology, Horticulture, Insect Science, PEST analysis, medicine.symptom, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

Drosophila suzukii is an invasive fruit pest in Europe and America. Females lay eggs into mature fruit that larvae consume causing important losses. Sterile insect technique (SIT) is under development to control this pest. The efficiency of this technique relies on insect quality. However, during the process from mass production to field release, several steps may compromise insect quality and therefore SIT success. Shipment of sterile insects after irradiation is a key step of SIT programmes. Generally, insects are shipped as pupae and conditions during transport need to be adapted to prevent emergence before field release, while guaranteeing insect quality. To do so, transport is usually performed under low temperature, hypoxia or a combination of both. However, the impact of multiple stressors such as irradiation followed by chilling combined with hypoxia is poorly described and has not been studied in D. suzukii. Therefore, the aim of this study was to simulate a shipment of D. suzukii pupae (irradiated or not) under different conditions (chilling combined or not with hypoxia) for various durations, and to assess consequences on emerged adults. Irradiation followed by hypoxia and/or chilling only weakly altered emergence. However, 48 h of hypoxia without chilling altered the flight ability of flies whether or not they were irradiated. Conversely, when hypoxia was combined with chilling, flight ability remained similar to that of untreated flies. The use of chilling in combination with hypoxia for 48 h could be implemented as a transportation method for SIT programme on D. suzukii.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. Larviposition site selection mediated by volatile semiochemicals in Glossina palpalis gambiensis

Author

Salou Ernest, Gimonneau Geoffrey, Jérémy Bouyer, Laurent Dormont, Romaric Ouedraogo, Bruno Buatois, Philippe Solano, Rayaisse Jean-Baptiste, Olivier Roux, Centre international de recherche-développement sur l'élevage en zone sub-humide (CIRDES), Interactions hôtes-vecteurs-parasites-environnement dans les maladies tropicales négligées dues aux trypanosomatides (UMR INTERTRYP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Université Polytechnique Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso (UNB), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Diversity, ecology, evolution & Adaptation of arthropod vectors (MIVEGEC-DEEVA), Evolution des Systèmes Vectoriels (ESV), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Joint FAO/IAEA Programme - Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO)-International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), and This work was supported through CIRAD/CIRDES in-house funding.

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Glossina, tsetse, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Zoology, Larve, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, reproduction, Aggregation, Performance de reproduction, Glossina palpalis, Performance de ponte, Composé volatil, media_common, Larva, Ecology, Reproductive success, Comportement reproductif, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, human and African animal trypanosomosis, Substrate (marine biology), behaviour, Pupa, 010602 entomology, Substance sémiochimique, Insect Science, %22">Glossina , Reproduction, Comportement animal, L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux, Ponte
Abstract

International audience; 1. Tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) are K‐strategist species and deposit a single larva at 10‐day intervals in specific sites. As larviposition site selection strongly impacts reproductive success, the selection of larviposition sites is unlikely to be random and will be subject to strong selective processes, probably mediated by specific cues.2. This study was designed to assess the existence of an aggregation effect in the palpalis group and to test its potential chemical nature (contact or volatile compounds). The larviposition site selection of Glossina palpalis gambiensis was studied according to the presence of conspecific and heterospecific larvae (morsitans group) buried in substrates. Three sets of experiments were performed with either individual or grouped gravid females and with or without physical access to the substrate.3. In individual larviposition experiments, females were more likely to select trays with buried larvae than unconditioned sand (63.2% and 36.8%, respectively; P

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. Peste des petits ruminants in Africa: a review of currently available molecular epidemiological data, 2020

Author

Giovanni Cattoli, Adama Diallo, William G. Dundon, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme - Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA)-Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and Work associated with this review has been supported by the IAEA Peaceful Uses Initiative (PUI) VETLAB Network and the African Renaissance and International Cooperation Fund (ARF), funded by the Republic of South Africa.

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, 040301 veterinary sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Sheep Diseases, Review, Biology, Disease Outbreaks, Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus, 0403 veterinary science, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, Cash income, Epidemiology, Peste-des-Petits-Ruminants, medicine, Animals, Economic impact analysis, Socioeconomics, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Goat Diseases, Sheep, Molecular epidemiology, Goats, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, Nucleocapsid Proteins, 3. Good health, Threatened species, Africa
Abstract

Small ruminants (e.g., sheep and goats) contribute considerably to the cash income and nutrition of small farmers in most countries in Africa and Asia. Their husbandry is threatened by the highly infectious transboundary viral disease peste des petits ruminants (PPR) caused by peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV). Given its social and economic impact, PPR is presently being targeted by international organizations for global eradication by 2030. Since its first description in Côte d’Ivoire in 1942, and particularly over the last 10 years, a large amount of molecular epidemiological data on the virus have been generated in Africa. This review aims to consolidate these data in order to have a clearer picture of the current PPR situation in Africa, which will, in turn, assist authorities in global eradication attempts. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00705-020-04732-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

15. Yes, Irradiated Sterile Male Mosquitoes Can Be Sexually Competitive!

Author

Bouyer, Jérémy, Vreysen, Marc J.B., Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Joint FAO/IAEA Programme - Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO)-International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), J.B. is funded by the European Research Council under the European Union'sHorizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no. 682387-REVOLINC)., and European Project: 682387,REVOLINC

Subjects
Male, Sexual Behavior, Animal, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Culicidae, Mosquito Control, Radiation, Ionizing, Animals, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Infertility, Male
Abstract

Adequate sexual competitiveness of sterile males is a prerequisite for genetic control methods, including the sterile insect technique. During the past decade several semi-field and open-field trials demonstrated that irradiated male mosquitoes can be competitive.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. Plutonium aided reconstruction of caesium atmospheric fallout in European topsoils

Author

Panos Panagos, Michael E. Ketterer, Lionel Mabit, Katrin Meusburger, Cristiano Ballabio, Pasquale Borrelli, Kristof Van Oost, Christine Alewell, Olivier Evrard, Giorgia Cinelli, Institut Fédéral de Recherches sur la Forêt, la Neige et le Paysage (WSL), Institut Fédéral de Recherches [Suisse], Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University of Basel (Unibas), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Metropolitan State University of Denver, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme - Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA)-Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO), Centre Georges Lemaître for Earth and Climate Research [Louvain] (TECLIM), Earth and Life Institute [Louvain-La-Neuve] (ELI), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL)-Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), ANR-11-IDEX-0003,IPS,Idex Paris-Saclay(2011), UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Meusburger, K., Evrard, O., Alewell, C., Borrelli, P., Cinelli, G., Ketterer, M., Mabit, L., Panagos, P., van Oost, K., Ballabio, C., Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO)-International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA)

Subjects
Solid Earth sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil test, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, lcsh:Medicine, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, Nuclear weapon, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, complex mixtures, Panoply, Article, Soil survey, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, lcsh:Science, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Radionuclide, Multidisciplinary, Physics, lcsh:R, 15. Life on land, humanities, Plutonium, Environmental sciences, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Caesium, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Spatial ecology, lcsh:Q, Physical geography, [CHIM.RADIO]Chemical Sciences/Radiochemistry
Abstract

Global nuclear weapon testing and the Chernobyl accident have released large amounts of radionuclides into the environment. However, to date, the spatial patterns of these fallout sources remain poorly constrained. Fallout radionuclides (137Cs, 239Pu, 240Pu) were measured in soil samples (n = 160) collected at flat, undisturbed grasslands in Western Europe in the framework of a harmonised European soil survey. We show that both fallout sources left a specific radionuclide imprint in European soils. Accordingly, we used plutonium to quantify contributions of global versus Chernobyl fallout to 137Cs found in European soils. Spatial prediction models allowed for a first assessment of the global versus Chernobyl fallout pattern across national boundaries. Understanding the magnitude of these fallout sources is crucial not only to establish a baseline in case of future radionuclide fallout but also to define a baseline for geomorphological reconstructions of soil redistribution due to soil erosion processes.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. Eradication of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus and the Wildlife-Livestock Interface

Author

Amanda E. Fine, Mathieu Pruvot, Camilla T. O. Benfield, Alexandre Caron, Giovanni Cattoli, Philippe Chardonnet, Maurizio Dioli, Thomas Dulu, Martin Gilbert, Richard Kock, Juan Lubroth, Jeffrey C. Mariner, Stephane Ostrowski, Satya Parida, Sasan Fereidouni, Enkhtuvshin Shiilegdamba, Jonathan M. Sleeman, Claudia Schulz, Jean-Jacques Soula, Yves Van der Stede, Berhe G. Tekola, Chris Walzer, Steffen Zuther, Felix Njeumi, Meeting Participants, Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), Royal Veterinary College [London], University of London [London], Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Eduardo Mondlane University, Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Joint FAO/IAEA Programme - Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO)-International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), Auteur indépendant, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY), Animal Production and Health Division [Rome], Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University [Medford], Pirbright Institute, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, National Wildlife Health Center, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO), European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), University of Veterinary Medicine [Vienna] (Vetmeduni), Association for the Conservation of Biodiversity of Kazakhstan, Frankfurt Zoological Society, FAO/OIE PPR GEP Secretariat and the Science for Nature and People Partnership (SNAPP), a partnership of The Nature Conservancy, the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), and the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS) at University of California, Santa Barbara. Additional organizational and financial support was provided by WCS, Royal Veterinary College, and the many institutions represented at the meeting that funded the participation of their respective experts including Agronomes et Veterinaires Sans Frontieres, Animal Production and Health Laboratory of the Joint FAO/IAEA Division for Nuclear Applications in Food and Agriculture, Association for the Conservation of Biodiversity of Kazakhstan, CIRAD, Cornell Wildlife Health Center, Denver Zoological Foundation, Frankfort Zoological Society, Friedrich-Loffler-Institut, Fondation Segre, Pirbright Institute, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic, US Fish and Wildlife Service, USGS NationalWildlifeHealth Center, and theWild Sheep Foundation, and International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA)-Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO)

Subjects
global eradication, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], integrated management, L73 - Maladies des animaux, 0403 veterinary science, Interactions biologiques, Socioeconomics, Wildlife conservation, media_common, 0303 health sciences, lcsh:Veterinary medicine, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Disease control, Épidémiologie, Geography, One Health, Perspective, wildlife conservation, Livestock, Psychological resilience, Bétail, 040301 veterinary sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Wildlife, Virus peste petits ruminants, 03 medical and health sciences, one health, wildlife-livestock interface, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, General Veterinary, business.industry, Éradication des maladies, small ruminant morbillivirus, Global strategy, 15. Life on land, Animal sauvage, peste des petits ruminants, Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus, lcsh:SF600-1100, Veterinary Science, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business
Abstract

Growing evidence suggests that multiple wildlife species can be infected with peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), with important consequences for the potential maintenance of PPRV in communities of susceptible hosts, and the threat that PPRV may pose to the conservation of wildlife populations and resilience of ecosystems. Significant knowledge gaps in the epidemiology of PPRV across the ruminant community (wildlife and domestic), and the understanding of infection in wildlife and other atypical host species groups (e.g., camelidae, suidae, and bovinae) hinder our ability to apply necessary integrated disease control and management interventions at the wildlife-livestock interface. Similarly, knowledge gaps limit the inclusion of wildlife in the FAO/OIE Global Strategy for the Control and Eradication of PPR, and the framework of activities in the PPR Global Eradication Programme that lays the foundation for eradicating PPR through national and regional efforts. This article reports on the first international meeting on, “Controlling PPR at the livestock-wildlife interface,” held in Rome, Italy, March 27–29, 2019. A large group representing national and international institutions discussed recent advances in our understanding of PPRV in wildlife, identified knowledge gaps and research priorities, and formulated recommendations. The need for a better understanding of PPRV epidemiology at the wildlife-livestock interface to support the integration of wildlife into PPR eradication efforts was highlighted by meeting participants along with the reminder that PPR eradication and wildlife conservation need not be viewed as competing priorities, but instead constitute two requisites of healthy socio-ecological systems.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. Contagious Bovine and Caprine Pleuropneumonia: A research community's recommendations for the development of better vaccines

Author

Nick Juleff, Ran Nir-Paz, Artur Summerfield, Xiumei Wang, François Thiaucourt, Vish Nene, Cynthia L. Baldwin, Anne Liljander, Joerg Jores, Hermann Unger, Sanjay Vashee, Geoffrey Munkombwe Muuka, Flavio Sacchini, Jeremy Salt, Fabien Labroussaa, Glenn F. Browning, Alain Blanchard, Danny Goovaerts, Martin Heller, Volker Gerdts, Angie Colston, University of Bern, University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Melbourne, Global Alliance for Livestock Veterinary Medicines, Partenaires INRAE, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health - Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [Seattle], International Livestock Research Institute [CGIAR, Nairobi] (ILRI), International Livestock Research Institute [CGIAR, Ethiopie] (ILRI), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), University of Zambia [Lusaka] (UNZA), Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center [Jerusalem], Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise Guiseppe Caporale (IZSAM), Institute of Virology and Immunology [Mittelhäusern] (IVI), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Joint FAO/IAEA Programme - Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO)-International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), J. Craig Venter Institute, and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ruminant, Pleuropneumonie bobine, Review Article, medicine.disease_cause, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Mycoplasma capricolum, Péripneumonie contagieuse bovine, Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, Mycoplasma, Mycoplasme, Immunologie, Pharmacology (medical), Vaccines, Mycoplasma capricolum subsp capripneumoniae, 630 Agriculture, biology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Santé animale, Mycoplasma mycoides, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, Pleuropneumonie, 3. Good health, Vaccination, Infectious Diseases, Maladie des animaux, Pleuropneumonia, Pleuropneumonie caprine, lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy, Vaccin, 030106 microbiology, Immunology, 610 Medicine & health, lcsh:RC254-282, 03 medical and health sciences, Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, Immunity, medicine, pathologie animale, Pleuropneumonie contagieuse caprine, Pharmacology, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, business.industry, L70 - Sciences et hygiène vétérinaires - Considérations générales, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides, 030104 developmental biology, 13. Climate action, Maladie infectieuse, 570 Life sciences, Bacterial infection, lcsh:RC581-607, business
Abstract

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) and contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) are major infectious diseases of ruminants caused by mycoplasmas in Africa and Asia. In contrast with the limited pathology in the respiratory tract of humans infected with mycoplasmas, CBPP and CCPP are devastating diseases associated with high morbidity and mortality. Beyond their obvious impact on animal health, CBPP and CCPP negatively impact the livelihood and wellbeing of a substantial proportion of livestock-dependent people affecting their culture, economy, trade and nutrition. The causative agents of CBPP and CCPP are Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides and Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae, respectively, which have been eradicated in most of the developed world. The current vaccines used for disease control consist of a live attenuated CBPP vaccine and a bacterin vaccine for CCPP, which were developed in the 1960s and 1980s, respectively. Both of these vaccines have many limitations, so better vaccines are urgently needed to improve disease control. In this article the research community prioritized biomedical research needs related to challenge models, rational vaccine design and protective immune responses. Therefore, we scrutinized the current vaccines as well as the challenge-, pathogenicity- and immunity models. We highlight research gaps and provide recommendations towards developing safer and more efficacious vaccines against CBPP and CCPP.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

19. A new automated chilled adult release system for the aerial distribution of sterile male tsetse flies

Author

Baba Sall, Jérémy Bouyer, Jimmy Bruno, Marc J. B. Vreysen, Monique M. van Oers, Caroline K. Mirieri, Gratian N. Mutika, Adly M. M. Abd-Alla, Momar Talla Seck, Andrew G. Parker, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme - Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO)-International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), AEWO, Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles [Dakar] (ISRA), Direction des Services Vétérinaires de Dakar, Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), This work was funded by the Joint Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO)/International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture and by the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 682387-REVOLINC)., European Project: 682387,REVOLINC, and Ministère de l’Élevage et des Productions Animales [Dakar]

Subjects
Male, 0106 biological sciences, Integrated pest management, 01 natural sciences, West africa, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Medical Conditions, 0302 clinical medicine, Mating, education.field_of_study, Lâcher d'insectes stériles, Eukaryota, PE&RC, Cold Temperature, Engineering and Technology, Medicine, Livestock, L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux, Glossina, Tsetse Flies, Tsetse Fly, Science, Computer Software, Laboratorium voor Virologie, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, Pest Control, Biological, education, Infertility, Male, Biological Locomotion, Lutte anti-insecte, Testage, fungi, Pest control, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Pupae, 15. Life on land, Invertebrates, Insect Vectors, Species Interactions, 010602 entomology, Trypanosomiasis, African, Biological dispersal, Pest Control, EPS, Developmental Biology, Field conditions, Life Cycles, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Laboratory of Virology, Disease Vectors, Gestion intégrée des ravageurs, Toxicology, Glossina palpalis, Medicine and Health Sciences, Motor speed, Animal Flight, Multidisciplinary, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Software Engineering, Agriculture, Prototype, Senegal, Pupa, Insects, Infectious Diseases, Expérimentation en laboratoire, S50 - Santé humaine, Female, Research Article, Trypanosoma, Computer and Information Sciences, Arthropoda, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Biology, Insemination, Animals, Life Science, business.industry, Tsetse fly, biology.organism_classification, Flight, Animal, Fertilization, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Insect Flight, business, Zoology, Entomology
Abstract

Background: Tsetse flies transmit trypanosomes that cause the debilitating diseases human African trypanosomosis (HAT) or sleeping sickness in humans and animal African trypanosomosis (AAT) or nagana in livestock. The riverine tsetse species Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank (Diptera: Glossinidae) inhabits riparian forests along river systems in West Africa. The Government of Senegal has embarked on a project to eliminate a population of this tsetse species from the Niayes area with the objective to manage AAT in the area. The project is implemented following an area-wide integrated pest management approach with an SIT component. The SIT can only be successful when the sterile males that are released in the field are of high biological quality, i.e. have the same dispersal capacity, survival and competitiveness as their wild counterparts. To date, sterile tsetse males have been released by air using biodegradable cardboard cartons that were manually dropped from a fixed-wing aircraft or gyrocopter. The cardboard boxes are however expensive, and the system is rather cumbersome to implement. Methods: A new prototype of an automated chilled adult release system (Bruno Spreader Innovation, (BSI™)) for tsetse flies was tested for its accuracy (in counting numbers of sterile males as loaded into the machine), release rate consistency and impact on quality of the released males. The impact of the release process was evaluated on several performance indicators of the irradiated male flies such as flight propensity, survival, mating competitiveness, premating and mating duration, and insemination rate of mated females. Results: The BSI TM release system counted with a consistent accuracy and released homogenously tsetse flies at the lowest motor speed (0.6 rpm). In addition, the chilling conditions (6 ± 1 o C) and the release process (passing of flies through the machine) had no significant negative impact on the males' flight propensity. No significant differences were observed between the control males (no irradiation and no exposure to the release process), irradiated males (no exposure to the release process) and irradiated males exposed to the release process with respect to mating competitiveness, premating period and mating duration. Only survival of irradiated males that were exposed to the release process was reduced, irrespective of whether the males were held with or without feeding. Conclusion: Although the release process had a negative effect on survival of the flies, the data of the experiments indicate that the BSI machine holds promise for use in operational tsetse SIT programmes. The promising results of this study will now need to be confirmed under operational field conditions in West Africa.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

20. Sterile insect technique and Wolbachia symbiosis as potential tools for the control of the invasive species Drosophila suzukii

Author

Thomas Enriquez, Laurence Mouton, David Renault, Katerina Nikolouli, Fabiana Sassù, Christian Stauffer, Patricia Gibert, Rui Pereira, Hervé Colinet, Kostas Bourtzis, Carlos Cáceres, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme - Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO)-International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Génétique et évolution des interactions hôtes-parasites, Département génétique, interactions et évolution des génomes [LBBE] (GINSENG), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), French National Research Agency [ANR-15-CE21-0017-01], Austrian Science Fund [FWF-I2604-B25], Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-15-CE21-0017,Suzukill,Gestion de la tolérance au froid et de la qualité des mouches, Drosophila suzukii, produites en masse pour faciliter la mise en place d'un contrôle biologique par les méthodes de lâchers d'insectes stériles et incompatibles(2015), and International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA)-Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Integrated pest management, Entomology, Greenhouse, Review, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Incompatible insect technique, Invasive species, 03 medical and health sciences, Sterile insect technique, Spotted wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, business.industry, fungi, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Biotechnology, 010602 entomology, 030104 developmental biology, Biological control, Biological dispersal, Wolbachia, PEST analysis, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

International audience; Drosophila suzukii, a vinegar fly originated from Southeast Asia, has recently invaded western countries, and it has been recognized as an important threat of a wide variety of several commercial soft fruits. This review summarizes the current information about the biology and dispersal of D. suzukii and discusses the current status and prospects of control methods for the management of this pest. We highlight current knowledge and ongoing research on innovative environmental-friendly control methods with emphasis on the sterile insect technique (SIT) and the incompatible insect technique (IIT). SIT has been successfully used for the containment, suppression or even eradication of populations of insect pests. IIT has been proposed as a stand-alone tool or in conjunction with SIT for insect pest control. The principles of SIT and IIT are reviewed, and the potential value of each approach in the management of D. suzukii is analyzed. We thoroughly address the challenges of SIT and IIT, and we propose the use of SIT as a component of an area-wide integrated pest management approach to suppress D. suzukii populations. As a contingency plan, we suggest a promising alternative avenue through the combination of these two techniques, SIT/IIT, which has been developed and is currently being tested in open-field trials against Aedes mosquito populations. All the potential limiting factors that may render these methods ineffective, as well as the requirements that need to be fulfilled before their application, are discussed.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

21. Back and forth Wolbachia transfers reveal efficient strains to control spotted wing drosophila populations

Author

Katerina Nikolouli, Laurence Mouton, Patricia Gibert, Julien Martinez, Francis M. Jiggins, Sylvain Charlat, David Lejon, Thibault Andrieux, Fabrice Vavre, Julien Cattel, Génétique et évolution des interactions hôtes-parasites, Département génétique, interactions et évolution des génomes [LBBE] (GINSENG), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Joint FAO/IAEA Programme - Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO)-International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), Department of Genetics [Cambridge], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Equipe de recherche européenne en algorithmique et biologie formelle et expérimentale (ERABLE), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Fondation de Coopération Scientifique ROVALTAIN, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), and Pôle de Recherche ROVALTAIN

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, fruit industry, media_common.quotation_subject, cytoplasmic incompatibility, Zoology, Insect, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.SA.STA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of agriculture, Mating, Drosophila suzukii, bacteria, Drosophila, pesticide, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, incompatible insect technique, Ecology, biology, business.industry, fungi, Pest control, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, 010602 entomology, 030104 developmental biology, Ovipositor, Wolbachia, spotted wing drosophila, business, Cytoplasmic incompatibility, pest control, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract

International audience; 1. Since its recent invasion of the European and American continents, the spotted wing Drosophila Drosophila suzukii has become a burden of the fruit industry. Armed with a highly sclerotized ovipositor, females can lay eggs in a wider variety of ripening and healthy fruits than other Drosophila species. Economic losses due to D. suzukii reach millions of dollars annually and methods to control natural populations in the field mainly rely on the use of chemical pesticides. 2. We tested if Wolbachia bacteria represents a potential ally to control this pest. These symbionts are naturally present in many insects and often induce a form of conditional sterility called cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI): the offspring of infected males die, unless the eggs are rescued by the compatible infection, inherited from the mother that protects the embryo. A long-recognized strategy called the incompatible insect technique (IIT) makes use of the CI phenotype to control insect populations through the mass release of infected males. To implement this technique in D. suzukii, we used back and forth Wolbachia transfers between D. suzukii and Drosophila simulans to identify Wolbachia strains that can sterilize D. suzukii females despite the presence of wSuz, a natural Wolbachia infection in this species.3. We identified two Wolbachia strains as potential candidates for developing IIT in D. suzukii. Both induce a very high level of CI in this pest which is not attenuated by the presence of wSuz in females. Moreover, the newly transferred Wolbachia do not affect the fitness or the mating competitiveness of the sterilizing males.4. Synthesis and applications. However, several critical steps still need to be tested and developed outside the laboratory to achieve the control of Drosophila suzukii using Incompatible Insect Technique. By an experimental approach in large population cages, we showed that releases of transinfected males limit population size. Thus, we provide in this study the proof of concept that this technique can be a very promising approach to control Drosophila suzukii populations.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

22. Managing cold tolerance and quality of mass-produced Drosophila suzukii flies to facilitate the application of biocontrol through incompatible and sterile insect techniques

Author

Nikolouli, Katerina, Sassú, F., Enriquez, Thomas, Gibert, Patricia, Vavre, Frédéric, Mouton, Laurence, Renault, David, Stauffer, Christian, Caceres, Carlos, Bourtzis, Kostas, Pereira, Rui, Colinet, Hervé, Briand, Valerie, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique et évolution des interactions hôtes-parasites, Département génétique, interactions et évolution des génomes [LBBE] (GINSENG), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Forest Ecology, Universität für Bodenkultur (BOKU), Joint FAO/IAEA Programme - Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO)-International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), Departamento de Matemática e Aplicações (DMA), Universidade do Minho = University of Minho [Braga], University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Universidade do Minho, and International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA)-Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO)

Subjects
[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2017

23. Long distance transport of irradiated male [i]Glossina palpalis gambiensis pupae[/i] and its impact on sterile male yield

Author

Soumaïla Pagabeleguem, Momar Talla Seck, Jean-Baptiste Rayaissé, Marc J. B. Vreysen, Adrien Marie Gaston Belem, Assane Gueye Fall, Geoffrey Gimonneau, Issa Sidibé, Jérémy Bouyer, Baba Sall, Mireille Bassene, Pan-African Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Eradication Campaign, Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes (UMR CMAEE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire National d’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Service de Parasitologie, Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles [Dakar] (ISRA), Direction départementale de la protection des populations [Guyane], Joint FAO/IAEA Programme - Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO)-International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), Service de Parasitologie, Centre international de recherche-développement sur l'élevage en zone Subhumide, Université Polytechnique Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso (UNB), Interactions hôtes-vecteurs-parasites-environnement dans les maladies tropicales négligées dues aux trypanosomatides (UMR INTERTRYP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)

Subjects
Male, Veterinary medicine, condition d'élevage, Time Factors, Adult male, glossina, L73 - Maladies des animaux, diptera, Sterile insect technique, Glossina palpalis, Contrôle de qualité, Performance animale, Animal biology, Parasitologie, basse température, Transport d'animaux, Reproduction, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Contrôle de maladies, Pupa, Lâcher d'insectes stériles, glossinidae, Trypanosomose africaine, Senegal, stérilisation sexuelle, area-wide integrated pest management, sterile insect technique, pupae development, low temperatures, pupae transport, mass-rearing, Cold Temperature, Infectious Diseases, Vecteur de maladie, Survie, Aptitude au transport, L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux, Tsetse Flies, Biology, Projet de recherche, Biologie animale, trypanosomose, Burkina Faso, Animals, Pest Control, Biological, Lutte intégrée, Infertility, Male, business.industry, Éradication des maladies, Research, fungi, sénégal, mouche tsé tsé, Biotechnology, Project area, transport, Parasitology, business
Abstract

Background The application of the sterile insect technique (SIT) requires mass-production of sterile males of good biological quality. The size of the project area will in most cases determine whether it is more cost effective to produce the sterile flies locally (and invest in a mass-rearing facility) or import the sterile flies from a mass-rearing facility that is located in another country. This study aimed at assessing the effect of long distance transport of sterile male Glossina palpalis gambiensis pupae on adult male fly yield. Methods The male pupae were produced at the Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l’Elevage en zone Subhumide (CIRDES), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, and shipped with a commercial courier service in insulated transport boxes at a temperature of ±10°C to Senegal (±36 h of transport). Upon arrival in the insectary in Dakar, the pupae were transferred to an emergence room and the flies monitored for 3–6 days. Results The results showed that the used system of isothermal boxes that contained phase change material packs (S8) managed to keep the temperature at around 10°C which prevented male fly emergence during transport. The emergence rate was significantly higher for pupae from batch 2 (chilled at 4°C for one day in the source insectary before transport) than those from batch 1 (chilled at 4°C for two days in the source insectary before transport) i.e. an average (±sd) of 76.1 ± 13.2% and 72.2 ± 14.3%, respectively with a small proportion emerging during transport (0.7 ± 1.7% and 0.9 ± 2.9%, respectively). Among the emerged flies, the percentage with deformed (not fully expanded) wings was significantly higher for flies from batch 1 (12.0 ± 6.3%) than from batch 2 (10.7 ± 7.5%). The amount of sterile males available for release as a proportion of the total pupae shipped was 65.8 ± 13.3% and 61.7 ± 14.7% for batch 1 and 2 pupae, respectively. Conclusions The results also showed that the temperature inside the parcel must be controlled around 10°C with a maximal deviation of 3°C to maximize the male yield. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-015-0869-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

24. Sterile insects to enhance agricultural development: the case of sustainable tsetse eradication on Unguja Island, Zanzibar, using an area-wide integrated pest management approach

Author

Udo Feldmann, Victor A. Dyck, Andrew G. Parker, Jérémy Bouyer, Atway R. Msangi, Khalfan M. Saleh, Marc J. B. Vreysen, Furaha Mramba, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme - Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO)-International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), Ministry of Agriculture, Vector and Vector Borne Diseases Research Institute, Partenaires INRAE, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development, Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes (UMR CMAEE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, and Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles [Dakar] (ISRA)

Subjects
Male, Integrated pest management, Trypanosoma congolense, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], éradication, Élevage, Disease Vectors, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Développement agricole, Tanzania, Méthode de lutte, Animals, Genetically Modified, E14 - Économie et politique du développement, Environmental protection, Zoonoses, Medicine and Health Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, biology, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Contrôle de maladies, Agriculture, lâcher insecte stérile, Insects, Vecteur de maladie, Infectious Diseases, Geography, Veterinary Diseases, Île, Female, Livestock, Christian ministry, L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux, Bétail, maladie vétérinaire, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Glossina, Agricultural development, Tsetse Flies, Arthropoda, lcsh:RC955-962, Tsetse Fly, tanzanie, betail, Vector Biology, Petite exploitation agricole, Dar es salaam, Trypanosomiasis, trypanosomose, Animals, Humans, Surveillance épidémiologique, Pest Control, Biological, Infertility, Male, Historical Profiles and Perspectives, business.industry, L01 - Élevage - Considérations générales, lutte contre les insectes, Organisms, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Pest control, Biology and Life Sciences, Stérilisation, lcsh:RA1-1270, Forestry, Analyse économique, 15. Life on land, mouche tsé tsé, biology.organism_classification, Invertebrates, Trypanosomiasis, African, Cattle, Veterinary Science, business
Abstract

1Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria, 2Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resourcesand Environment, Zanzibar, Tanzania, 3Vector and Vector Borne Diseases Research Institute, Tanga, Tanzania, 4Insect Pest Control Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme ofNuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria, 5Retired, Independent Researcher, Vienna, Austria, 6Livestock Research, Training & Extension, Ministry ofLivestock & Fisheries Development, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 7Unite´ Mixte de Recherche Controˆle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes, Centre de Coope´rationInternationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le De´veloppement (CIRAD), Montpellier, France, 8Unite´ Mixte de Recherche 1309 Controˆle des Maladies AnimalesExotiques et Emergentes, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRA), Montpellier, France, 9Institut Se´ne´galais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire Nationald’Elevage et de Recherches Ve´te´rinaires, Dakar-Hann, Se´ne´gal

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

25. Characterization of swarming and mating behaviour between Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles melas in a sympatry area of Benin

Author

Michel Makoutodé, Jacques Saizonou, Abdoulaye Diabaté, Jeremie R. L. Gilles, Roch K. Dabiré, Thierry Baldet, Nicolas Moiroux, Luc Djogbenou, Benoît S. Assogba, Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), CNRST, Vector Control Group (MIVEGEC-VCG), Evolution des Systèmes Vectoriels (ESV), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Joint FAO/IAEA Programme - Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO)-International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), Ministère de la Santé, and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])

Subjects
Sympatry, Male, Veterinary (miscellaneous), Anopheles gambiae, Swarming (honey bee), Zoology, Biology, Ecological speciation, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Anopheles, Animals, Benin, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Larva, Ecology, musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology, Assortative mating, food and beverages, Swarm behaviour, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, equipment and supplies, biology.organism_classification, Mating system, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Infectious Diseases, Insect Science, bacteria, Parasitology, Female, Seasons
Abstract

The swarm structure of two sibling species, Anopheles gambiae coluzzii and Anopheles melas, was characterize to explore the ecological and environmental parameters associated with the formation of swarms and their spatial distribution. Swarms and breeding sites were searched and sampled between January and December 2010, and larval and adult samples were identified by PCR. During the dry season, 456 swarms of An. gambiae s.l. were sampled from 38 swarm sites yielding a total of 23,274 males and 76 females. Of these 38 swarming sites, 18 were composed exclusively of An. gambiae coluzzii and 20 exclusively of An. melas, presenting clear evidence of reproductive swarm segregation. The species makeup of couples sampled from swarms also demonstrated assortative mating. The swarm site localization was close to human dwellings in the case of the An. gambiae coluzzii and on salt production sites for An. melas. At the peak of the rainy season, swarms of An. melas were absent. These findings offer evidence that the ecological speciation of these two sibling species of mosquitoes is associated with spatial swarm segregation and assortative mating, providing strong support for the hypothesis that mate recognition is currently maintaining adaptive differentiation and promoting ecological speciation. Further studies on the swarming and mating systems of An. gambiae, with the prospect of producing a predictive model of swarm distribution, are needed to inform any future efforts to implement strategies based on the use of GMM or SIT.

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

26. Development of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for the simultaneous determination of tropane alkaloids and glycoalkaloids in crops

Author

Mohammad N. Rathor, James Sasanya, Andrew Cannavan, Radenko Djurica, Zora Jandric, Jaroslava Švarc-Gajić, Britt Maestroni, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme - Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO)-International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), Department for Applied and Engineering Chemistry, University of Novi Sad, Department of Sanitary Chemistry, and Public Health Institute of Republic of Srpska

Subjects
Crops, Agricultural, Formic acid, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Electrospray ionization, Food Contamination, Toxicology, Tandem mass spectrometry, Sensitivity and Specificity, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Alkaloids, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Solid phase extraction, Tropine, Chromatography, Molecular Structure, Chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Extraction (chemistry), Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Life Sciences, Tropane, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Chemistry, General Medicine, 040401 food science, 0104 chemical sciences, Triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, Seeds, Edible Grain, Chromatography, Liquid, Tropanes, Food Science
Abstract

International audience; A new, rapid and sensitive multiresidue method is reported for the simultaneous determination of tropane alkaloids (tropine, atropine, scopolamine, homatropine, anisodamine) and glycoalkaloids (α-solanine, α-chaconine) in grains and seeds (wheat, rye, maize, soybean, linseed). Dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) was performed with 0.5% formic acid in acetonitrile/water and a mixture of magnesium sulphate, sodium chloride and sodium citrate. For a fast and effective clean-up procedure for oily matrices such as soybean and linseed, matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) C18 material was used to remove co-extracted non-polar components. No clean-up was necessary for less oily matrices following extraction. The analytes were separated by isocratic HPLC on a Chirobiotic V column and detected using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization (ESI). All analytes were monitored in the positive ion mode. The method performance is presented in terms of linearity in the range 5-80 ng/g (r2=0.998), specifity, selectivity, accuracy (recoveries from 61-111%), precision (CV < 5%) and ruggedness. The limits of quantitation (LOQ) were in the range 2.2-4.9 ng/g.

Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

27. Transposable element polymorphism of Wolbachia in the mosquito Culex pipiens: evidence of genetic diversity, superinfection and recombination

Author

Jacques Lagnel, Kostas Bourtzis, Mylène Weill, Michel Raymond, Philippe Fort, Olivier Duron, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherches de biochimie macromoléculaire (CRBM), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-IFR122-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Joint FAO/IAEA Programme - Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO)-International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IFR122-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Transposable element, Sequence analysis, cytoplasmic incompatibility, Molecular Sequence Data, Subspecies, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Species Specificity, Culex pipiens, parasitic diseases, Genetics, Animals, Amino Acid Sequence, Gene, reproductive and urinary physiology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, DNA Primers, Demography, Recombination, Genetic, 0303 health sciences, Genetic diversity, Polymorphism, Genetic, biology, Base Sequence, Sequence Analysis, DNA, transposable element, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, Blotting, Southern, Culex, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, DNA Transposable Elements, bacteria, Wolbachia, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Sequence Alignment, Cytoplasmic incompatibility
Abstract

International audience; Wolbachia is a group of maternally inherited endosymbiotic bacteria that infect and induce cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) in a wide range of arthropods. In contrast to other species, the mosquito Culex pipiens displays an extremely high number of CI types suggesting differential infection by multiple Wolbachia strains. Attempts so far failed to detect Wolbachia polymorphism that might explain this high level of CI diversity found in C. pipiens populations. Here, we establish that Wolbachia infection is near to or at fixation in worldwide populations of the C. pipiens complex. Wolbachia polymorphism was addressed by sequence analysis of the Tr1 gene, a unique transposable element of the IS5 family, which allowed the identification of five C. pipiens Wolbachia strains, differing either by nucleotide substitution, presence or absence pattern, or insertion site. Sequence analysis also showed that recombination, transposition and superinfection occurred at very low frequencies. Analysis of the geographical distributions of each Wolbachia strain among C. pipiens populations indicated a strong worldwide differentiation independent from mosquito subspecies type, except in the UK. The availability of this polymorphic marker now opens the way to investigate evolution of Wolbachia populations and CI dynamics, in particular in regions where multiple crossing types coexist among C. pipiens populations.

Published
2005
Full Text
View/download PDF

28. Viral infection switches non-plasmacytoid dendritic cells into high interferon producers

Author

Polly Roy, Lena Alexopoulou, Caetano Reis e Sousa, Maria Montoya, Sandra S. Diebold, Richard A. Flavell, Linsey E. Haswell, Persephone Borrow, Hermann Unger, Aymen Al-Shamkhani, Fundacion Amigos de la Isla del Coco, Partenaires INRAE, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme - Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO)-International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy (CIML), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), University of Southampton, Section of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine [New Haven, Connecticut] (YSM), Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine [Oxford], and University of Oxford

Subjects
viruses, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Receptors, Cell Surface, Biology, Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis, Mice, eIF-2 Kinase, Viral entry, Interferon, medicine, Animals, Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, Viral Interference, RNA, Double-Stranded, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Multidisciplinary, Membrane Glycoproteins, Follicular dendritic cells, Toll-Like Receptors, Interferon-alpha, Dendritic cell, 3T3 Cells, Dendritic Cells, Acquired immune system, Protein kinase R, Virology, Toll-Like Receptor 3, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Interferon Type I, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, CpG Islands, Interferon type I, medicine.drug, Signal Transduction
Abstract

Type I interferons (IFN-I) are important cytokines linking innate and adaptive immunity. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells make high levels of IFN-I in response to viral infection and are thought to be the major source of the cytokines in vivo. Here, we show that conventional non-plasmacytoid dendritic cells taken from mice infected with a dendritic-cell-tropic strain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus make similarly high levels of IFN-I on subsequent culture. Similarly, non-plasmacytoid dendritic cells secrete high levels of IFN-I in response to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a major viral signature, when the latter is introduced into the cytoplasm to mimic direct viral infection. This response is partially dependent on the cytosolic dsRNA-binding enzyme protein kinase R and does not require signalling through toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, a surface receptor for dsRNA. Furthermore, we show that sequestration of dsRNA by viral NS1 (refs 6, 7) explains the inability of conventional dendritic cells to produce IFN-I on infection with influenza. Our results suggest that multiple dendritic cell types, not just plasmacytoid cells, can act as specialized interferon-producing cells in certain viral infections, and reveal the existence of a TLR-independent pathway for dendritic cell activation that can be the target of viral interference.

Published
2003
Full Text
View/download PDF

29. Uncertainty related to input parameters of (137)Cs soil redistribution model for undisturbed fields.

Author

Iurian AR, Mabit L, and Cosma C

Subjects
Cesium Radioisotopes analysis, Chernobyl Nuclear Accident, Diffusion, Nuclear Weapons, Romania, Uncertainty, Cesium analysis, Models, Theoretical, Radiation Monitoring, Radioactive Fallout analysis, Soil Pollutants analysis
Abstract

This study presents an alternative method to empirically establish the effective diffusion coefficient and the convective velocity of (137)Cs in undisturbed soils. This approach offers the possibility to improve the parameterisation and the accuracy of the (137)Cs Diffusion and Migration Model (DMM) used to assess soil erosion magnitudes. The impact of the different input parameters of this radiometric model on the derived-soil redistribution rates has been determined for a Romanian pastureland located in the northwest extremity of the Transylvanian Plain. By fitting the convection-diffusion equation to the available experimental data, the diffusion coefficient and convection velocity of (137)Cs in soil could be determined; 72% of the (137)Cs soil content could be attributed to the (137)Cs fallout originating from Chernobyl. The medium-term net erosion rate obtained with the calculated input parameters reached -6.6 t ha(-1) yr(-1). The model highlights great sensitivity to parameter estimations and the calculated erosion rates for undisturbed landscapes can be highly impacted if the input parameters are not accurately determined from the experimental data set. Upper and lower bounds should be established based on the determined uncertainty budget for the reliable estimates of the derived redistribution rates., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results