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The intermediate disturbance hypothesis (IDH) has been thoroughly investigated, but much controversy has been found for supporting its assumptions, which rely largely on the nature of the disturbance, spatial scale, and biological predictors tested. In this paper, richness of native and non-native species along a suite of Neotropical aquatic ecosystems across a broad latitudinal and geographical range was used to test the IDH predictions. An extensive literature survey was performed to compile native species richness and the occurrence of several taxonomic groups listed as non-native for twenty-four coastal rivers and bays evenly distributed into three climatic zones (tropical, transitional, and subtropical). The climatic gradient was confirmed by NMDS and PERMANOVA, but IDH predictions were only significantly supported for native and total species richness in the coastal bays. The distribution patterns of non-native marine species showed a linear instead unimodal pattern of increase with latitudinal climatic gradient, but the responses are complex and dependent of many non-exclusive factors, such as the sampling effort per ecosystem and the potential interference of other disturbance gradients that should be further addressed to unravel the role of IDH for non-native species distribution.

Background: Microbial infections is a global public health problem. The aim of this work was to synthesize and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of novel triazoles, morpholines and thiosemicarbazones. Methods: Compounds were synthesized using 2,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde as starting materials. The antimicrobial activity of these compounds against bacteria and yeast was evaluated by the broth microdilution method. Results: The proposed route for synthesis gave high to moderate yields, moreover these compounds were successfully characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and LC-MS. Antimicrobial testing indicated that the thiosemicarbazone and morphine derivatives had the best antimicrobial activity against the microorganisms tested with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) between 0.29 and 5.30 µM. Thiosemicarbazone derivative (12) was able to inhibit the growth of C. tropicalis, with minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 0.55 µM. In addition, this compound was active against E. coli, S. aureus and S. epidermidis, with MIC values ranging from 0.29 to 1.11 µM. Moreover, the morpholine derivative (15) had an MIC value of 0.83 µM against C. albicans and E. coli. Conclusion: We have efficiently synthesized a series of eleven novel triazoles, thiosemicarbazones and morpholine derivatives using 2,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde as starting materials. Thiosemicarbazone derivative (12) showed promising antifungal and antibacterial activity and these findings suggest that this compound can be used as scaffolds to design new antimicrobial drugs.

Metabolic reprogramming is a common feature of many human cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the upstream regulators that promote AML metabolic reprogramming and the benefits conferred to leukemia cells by these metabolic changes remain largely unknown. We report that the transcription factor ATF3 coordinates serine and nucleotide metabolism to maintain cell cycling, survival, and the differentiation blockade in AML. Analysis of mouse and human AML models demonstrate that ATF3 directly activates the transcription of genes encoding key enzymatic regulators of serine synthesis, one-carbon metabolism, and de novo purine and pyrimidine synthesis. Total steady-state polar metabolite and heavy isotope tracing analyses show that ATF3 inhibition reduces de novo serine synthesis, impedes the incorporation of serine-derived carbons into newly synthesized purines and disrupts pyrimidine metabolism. Importantly, exogenous nucleotide supplementation mitigates the anti-leukemia effects of ATF3 inhibition. Together, these findings reveal the dependence of AML on ATF3-regulated serine and nucleotide metabolism.

Background Ubiquitously eXpressed Transcript isoform 2 (UXT—V2) is a prefoldin-like protein involved in NF-κB signaling, apoptosis, and the androgen and estrogen response. UXT-V2 is a cofactor in the NF-κB transcriptional enhanceosome, and its knockdown inhibits TNF-α -induced NF-κB activation. Fbxo7 is an F-box protein that interacts with SKP1, Cullin1 and RBX1 proteins to form an SCF(Fbxo7) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Fbxo7 negatively regulates NF-κB signaling through TRAF2 and cIAP1 ubiquitination. Methods We combine co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination in vitro and in vivo, cycloheximide chase assay, ubiquitin chain restriction analysis and microscopy to investigate interaction between Fbxo7 and overexpressed UXT-V2-HA. Results The Ubl domain of Fbxo7 contributes to interaction with UXT—V2. This substrate is polyubiquitinated by SCF(Fbxo7) with K48 and K63 ubiquitin chain linkages in vitro and in vivo. This post-translational modification decreases UXT-V2 stability and promotes its proteasomal degradation. We further show that UXT—V1, an alternatively spliced isoform of UXT, containing 12 additional amino acids at the N-terminus as compared to UXT—V2, also interacts with and is ubiquitinated by Fbxo7. Moreover, FBXO7 knockdown promotes UXT-V2 accumulation, and the overexpression of Fbxo7-ΔF-box protects UXT-V2 from proteasomal degradation and enhances the responsiveness of NF-κB reporter. We find that UXT-V2 colocalizes with Fbxo7 in the cell nucleus. Conclusions Together, our study reveals that SCF(Fbxo7) mediates the proteasomal degradation of UXT-V2 causing the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. General significance Discovering new substrates of E3 ubiquitin-ligase SCF(Fbxo7) contributes to understand its function in different diseases such as cancer and Parkinson., Highlights • UXT-V2 is a canonical substrate of SCF(Fbxo7) E3 ubiquitin ligase. • Fbxo7 interacts with both UXT-V1 and UXT—V2. • UXT-V2 recruits Fbxo7 to the cell nuclei. • Fbxo7 inhibit NF-kB pathway through degradation of UXT-V2.

Metabolic reprogramming is a common feature of many human cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the upstream regulators that promote AML metabolic reprogramming and the benefits conferred to leukemia cells by these metabolic changes remain largely unknown. We report that the transcription factor ATF3 coordinates serine and nucleotide metabolism to maintain cell cycling, survival, and the differentiation blockade in AML. Analysis of mouse and human AML models demonstrate that ATF3 directly activates the transcription of genes encoding key enzymatic regulators of serine synthesis, one-carbon metabolism, and de novo purine and pyrimidine synthesis. Total steady-state polar metabolite and heavy isotope tracing analyses show that ATF3 inhibition reduces de novo serine synthesis, impedes the incorporation of serine-derived carbons into newly synthesized purines, and disrupts pyrimidine metabolism. Importantly, exogenous nucleotide supplementation mitigates the anti-leukemia effects of ATF3 inhibition. Together, these findings reveal the dependence of AML on ATF3-regulated serine and nucleotide metabolism.

Herein, we report on the synthesis of imidazolium salt end-functionalized PLLA (PLLA-IS) and its application in the preparation of reduced graphene oxide–PLLA composites. When applying the imidazolium salt 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate as the initiator, the organometallic Zn(C6F5)2toluene complex polymerized L-lactide into high molecular weight PLLA-IS (Mn up to 56k). The presence of this imidazolium functionality enhanced the PLLA−reduced graphene oxide interaction, which promoted a homogenous dispersion of this filler when applying a solvent casting procedure. Significant improvements in the mechanical properties were achieved, reaching 148% and 105% for the loss and storage moduli, respectively. Besides, the PLLA-IS/rGO-1% composite inhibited the growth of fungal biofilms, including C. tropicalis (43%) and C. albicans (34%). Altogether, these materials exhibit properties for novel applications, including as biomaterials.

La presente investigación va encaminada a realizar un análisis de los costos incurridos en las ESAL en el que se brinda un modelo de gestión de calidad de la entidad, donde se examine su importancia en el establecimiento de un modelo organizacional fortuito en el manejo dado a su capital humano, para esto se hará una descripción del plan de capacitación anual de la Fundación, se explicará la relación costo-beneficio en el proceso de implementación de un sistema de calidad y por último se realizará el modelo de Prevención-Evaluación-Fallos (PEF) para determinar los costos de capacitación. Incluye referencias bibliográficas (páginas 56-58) y anexos

Conductive thin films are industrially applied from display units to sensors. For many applications, current thin films struggle with a lack of transparency to light and of mechanical flexibility. Conductive nanowires and polymers in appropriate combinations could circumvent these two issues. In order to shed light on the impact of manufacturing conditions on the properties of conducting thin film, we report on structure, conductivity and transmission experiments involving spin-coated silver nanowire and polymer latex mixtures. Surprisingly, we find the nanowires to predominantly orient either parallel or perpendicular to the centripetal force, thus forming a conductive network. The conductivity of this network is enhanced by relying on bilayer rather than monolayer films, which show a better transmittance than indium tin oxide films do in a broader wavelength range.

Candida species have great ability to colonize and form biofilms on medical devices, causing infections in human hosts. In this study, poly(l-lactide) films with different imidazolium salt (1-n-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (C16MImCl) and 1-n-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate (C16MImMeS)) contents were prepared, using the solvent casting process. Poly(l-lactide)-imidazolium salt films were obtained with different surface morphologies (spherical and directional), and the presence of the imidazolium salt in the surface was confirmed. These films with different concentrations of the imidazolium salts C16MImCl and C16MImMeS presented antibiofilm activity against isolates of Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida albicans. The minor antibiofilm concentration assay enabled one to determine that an increasing imidazolium salt content promoted, in general, an increase in the inhibition percentage of biofilm formation. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs confirmed the effective prevention of biofilm formation on the imidazolium salt containing biomaterials. Lower concentrations of the imidazolium salts showed no cytotoxicity, and the poly(l-lactide)-imidazolium salt films presented good cell adhesion and proliferation percentages with human mesenchymal stem cells. Furthermore, no acute microscopic lesions were identified in the histopathological evaluation after contact between the films and pig ear skin. In combination with the good morphological, physicochemical, and mechanical properties, these poly(l-lactide)-based materials with imidazolium salt additives can be considered as promising biomaterials for use in the manufacturing of medical devices.

Nudibranchia are known as marine invertebrates that have uniq colors and body shapes. The research was conducted in Nudifall and Nudiretreat, Lembeh Strait, North Sulawesi. The aims of this study were 1) to identify the species of Nudibranchia in both locations, 2) to know the abundance of Nudibranchia in those locations, 3) to determine distribution patterns of nudibranchia, and to know diversity of Nudibranchia in both Nudifall and Nudiretreat. The results show that 11 species of Nudibranchia were found in both Nudifall and Nudiretreat. The species of Chromodoris annae , Chromodoris magnifica , Flabellina expotata , Goniobranchus fidelis , Halgerda batangas , and 1 unidentified species were found in Nudifall, while the species of Goniobranchus geometricus , Glossidoris cincta , Phylllidia ocelata , Phylllidia varicose , Nembrotha rutilans were found in Nudiretreat. H. batangas was found to be the highest abundance, then it was followed by C. annae , C. magnifica , G. fidelis , unidenfied species (species-1), and C. magnifica in Nudifall. P. ocelata was found to be the highest abundance, then it was followed by G. geometricus , G. cincta , P. varicose , and N. Rutilans in Nudiretreat. Nudibranchia in both locations wasidentified to have random and grouped distribution pattern. Nudibranchia was found to have the same diversity among Nudifall and Nudiretreat. Factors affecting abudance, distribution patterns, and diversity were discuss in this paper. Keywords: Nudibranchia, Distribution, Abudance, Lembeh Strait. Nudibranchia dikenal sebagai avertebrata laut yang memiliki warna unik dan bentuk tubuh yang bervariasi. Penelitian ini di lakukan di Nudifall dan Nudiretreat, Selat Lembeh, Sulawesi Utara. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1) mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis nudibranchia di lokasi Nudifall dan Nudiretreat, 2) mengetahui kelimpahan jenis-jenis Nudibranchia di kedua lokasi, 3) mengetahui pola distribusi jenis-jenis Nudibranchia di lokasi Nudifall dan Nudiretreatdi, 4) dan keragaman Nudibranchia di Nudifall dan Nudiretreat. Ada 11 jenis Nudibranchia ditemukan di kedu lokasi penelitian.Nudibranchia yang ditemukan di Nudifall ada 6 jenis, yaitu Chromodoris annae, Chromodoris magnifica, Flabellina expotata, Goniobranchus fidelis, Halgerda batangas, dan 1 spesies belum teridentifikasi ( spesies-1 ). Nudibranchia yang ditemukan di Nudiretreat ada 5 jenis,yaitu Goniobranchus geometricus, Glossidoris cincta, Phylllidia ocelata, Phylllidia varicose, Nembrotha rutilans . H. batangas memiliki kelimpahan yang tinggi, kemudian diikuti oleh C. annae , C. magnifica , G.fidelis , spesies-1, dan C. magnifica . di Nudifall. P . ocelata memiliki rata-rata tertinggi, selanjutnya diikuti oleh G . geometricus , G . cincta , P . varicose , dan N. Rutilans di Nudiretreat.Pola sebaran acak dan berkelompok teridentifikasi pada kedua lokasi.udibranchia teridentifikasi memiliki keragaman yang sama di kedua lokasi. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kelimpahan, distribusi, dan keragaman didiskusikan pada tulisan ini. Kata kunci: Nudibranchia, Distribusi, Kelimpahan, Selat Lembeh.

International audience; Yttrium and aluminum complexes of an original pyridine-bis(phenolate) ligand have been prepared. Reactions of {ONOMe,Cumyl}Y[N(SiHMe2)2](THF)(Et2O) (1) with 1 equiv of methyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate and methyl (S,S)-lactyllactate afforded respectively {ONOMe,Cumyl}Y((R)-OCH(CH3)CH2COOMe) (2) and {ONOMe,Cumyl}Y((S,S)-OCH(CH3)CO2CH(CH3)CO2Me) (3), which are rare models of the active species in the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of β-butyrolactone (BBL) and lactide (LA), respectively. 13C NMR data for 2 and 3 indicate that, in solution, the carbonyl groups coordinate onto the yttrium centers, forming mononuclear species with six- and five-membered cycles, respectively. The aluminum compounds {ONOMe,Cumyl}Al(iPr (S)-lactate) (5), {ONOMe,Cumyl}Al((R)-OCH(CH3)CH2COOCH3) (6), and {ONOMe,Cumyl}Al((rac)-OCH(CF3)CH2CO2C2H5) (7) were prepared analogously from the parent methyl complex {ONOMe,Cumyl}AlMe (4). NMR data and the solid-state structure of 6 confirm the coordination of the carbonyl group. Yttrium compounds 1 and 2 are active initiators for the ROP of racemic LA and BBL. Their performances (activity, control of the molecular weights, tacticity) are much affected by the nature of the solvent or by the addition of just a few equivalents of pyridine. Optimal conditions are quite contrasted for the ROP of rac-LA and rac-BBL, highlighting fundamental differences between these two monomers. In the best cases, highly heterotactic PLAs (Pr up to 0.96) and syndiotactic-enriched PHB (Pr up to 0.86), with good control over the molecular weights, were obtained.

Power management systems employ appliance recognition such that the burden of manually configuring the system for each appliance is lifted from the user. This research then aims to develop an appliance recognition functionality through current readings gathered from a data acquisition (DAQ) device consisting of Hall Effect current sensors, and through a machine learning classification algorithm called k-nearest neighbors. Ten appliances were tested, comprising of 6,500 samples of test data in the four outlets tested. The average accuracy for the trials is 92.73%. In addition, the appliance recognition functionality was embedded to a cloud-based power management system following an Internet of Things (IoT) architecture. In the end, the developed system can gather data from plugged appliances, perform recognition, and carry out various power management functionalities such as monitoring and appliance-level smart-recommendations.

The acetic acid and phenyl-p-benzoquinone are easy and fast screening models to access the activity of novel candidates as analgesic drugs and their mechanisms. These models induce a characteristic and quantifiable overt pain-like behavior described as writhing response or abdominal contortions. The knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the chosen model is a crucial step forward demonstrating the mechanisms that the candidate drug would inhibit because the mechanisms triggered in that model will be addressed. Herein, it was investigated the role of spinal mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase), JNK (Jun N-terminal Kinase) and p38, PI(3)K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) and microglia in the writhing response induced by acetic acid and phenyl-p-benzoquinone, and flinch induced by formalin in mice. Acetic acid and phenyl-p-benzoquinone induced significant writhing response over 20 min. The nociceptive response in these models were significantly and in a dose-dependent manner reduced by intrathecal pre-treatment with ERK (PD98059), JNK (SB600125), p38 (SB202190) or PI(3)K (wortmannin) inhibitors. Furthermore, the co-treatment with MAP kinase and PI(3)K inhibitors, at doses that were ineffective as single treatment, significantly inhibited acetic acid- and phenyl-p-benzoquinone-induced nociception. The treatment with microglia inhibitors minocycline and fluorocitrate also diminished the nociceptive response. Similar results were obtained in the formalin test. Concluding, MAP kinases and PI(3)K are important spinal signaling kinases in acetic acid and phenyl-p-benzoquinone models of overt pain-like behavior and there is also activation of spinal microglia indicating that it is also important to determine whether drugs tested in these models also modulate such spinal mechanisms.

Nitratos e nitritos podem estar presentes naturalmente em diversos alimentos, entre eles o leite. Devido a sua toxicidade, são estabelecidos limites para a presença destes compostos nos alimentos. Assim, investigou-se os níveis de nitratos e nitritos em amostras de leite in natura, produzido por vacas submetidas aos sistemas de manejo convencional e orgânico. As amostras foram coletadas em propriedades da Região da Depressão Central do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os teores médios de nitrato e nitrito encontrados nas amostras (n=45) foram de 6,65±0,84mg/L e 1,76±0,17mg/L, respectivamente. O leite produzido no sistema orgânico apresentou 7,08mg/L de nitrato e 1,61mg/L de nitrito, enquanto o produzido no sistema convencional apresentou 6,36 e 1,87mg/L, respectivamente. Não foi observada diferença significativa entre os teores de nitrato e nitrito encontrados nas amostras de leite em função do sistema de produção avaliado, época de coleta, turno de ordenha ou local de origem, isto é, propriedade produtora.Nitrates and nitrites can be naturally found in many foods, including milk. Due to their toxicity there is a maximum level allowed for these compounds in foods. In the present study, nitrate and nitrite levels were evaluated in raw milk samples produced in conventional and organic systems. Samples were collected from farms of the Depressão Central of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The average levels of nitrate and nitrite in samples (n=45) were 6.65±0.84mg/L and 1.76±0.17mg/L, respectively. Milk produced in the organic system exhibited 7.08mg/L nitrate and 1.61mg/L nitrite, while milk produced in the conventional system exhibited 6.36 and 1.87mg/L, respectively. Nitrate and nitrite levels in raw milk were not affected by the production system, the period of collection, milking shift or the site of production (farm).