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The dissertation provides an analysis, evaluation, and comparison of selected areas of economic policy in the United States of America and Germany from 1933 to 1939 within the context of the 1920s, the Great Depression, and the Second World War. Based on a thorough analysis of the determined objectives, tools, the intended and unintended impacts of their fiscal policies, monetary policies, and foreign-trade policies, the dissertation thesis aims to verify the basic hypothesis that the United States and German economic policies were largely similar as responding to similar issues that both advanced economies had to face. During the verification process, the author relies mainly on the genuine processing and analysis of original statistical sources. In the individual chapters of the dissertation both identical, and also different features in selected types of economic policies are presented. On the basis of a comparison of the main economic-policies trends, despite some differences in the partial characteristics of chosen economic policy types, it can be concluded that economic policies of the central governments of Germany and the United States of America were similar in surprisingly many respects.

The study deals with financing state expenditures and war economy of the Third Reich during the SecondWorldWar. Based on macroeconomic analysis of economic development in relation to the concept of total war, the changes in the German economy allowing Nazis’ war efforts to continue are analyzed. The effect of replacing private interests with government goals manifested in volume and structure of household consumption and firms’ investments, distorted industrial production and labour market, etc. The study points out changes in the development of financial (and partially nonfinancial) coverage of abnormally growing budgetary expenditures of central government after 1939. Special attention is paid to the analysis of financing war expenditures in Germany, including revenue from occupied territories and the role of the financial system. Especially, for more intensive debt financing was underway since the non-debt ways were not sufficient enough from 1943. An important finding, inter alia, is that growing government debt was for the most part covered from domestic sources, such as retracting savings from the financial system and excessive money creation. Within domestic economy the German government preferred “hidden” sources of funding over public issues of state bonds. On average, about a half of government outlays during the war were covered by non-debt resources – taxes, customs, or payments of occupational costs.

The paper deals with changes in labor market policies during one of the stages of welfare state expansion in the U.S.A. The federal New Deal policy on the labor market in the course of the Great Depression is briefly discussed; specifically, its emphasis on direct state involvement in the form of work creation programs together with unemployment relief. In contrast to this policy, active labor market policies are analysed under the Presidencies of John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. These policies consisted particularly of extension of availability of job training and retraining for the unemployed, the poor, young people, and members of ethnic and racial minorities. Even the passive role of the state was not left out; the minimum wage and unemployment benefits grew and were more accessible to more people. However, reduction of unemployment cannot be ascribed to government measures, since rapid economic growth could have led to this result as well. The study also addresses the relationship between federal spending on welfare and the Vietnam War. While expenditures on both increased in the first two years of Johnson’s administration, in 1967 and 1968 more money was directed to defense, partially at the expense of growth in welfare spending.

This bachelor thesis deals with the introduction of Medicare and Medicaid programs and examines their functioning in 1966 and 1967. It summarizes the historical development of American health care until 1965 and notes the possible causes leading to the emergence of their specific market based healthcare. It shows a different view on healthcare solutions from representatives of the Republican and the Democratic parties. Detailed analysis of individual programs shows their shortcomings and possible problems. A key part of the thesis is the analysis of empirical data from 1964 to 1967. This part confirms the main hypothesis about the impossibility of self-financing in the first years of its operation. The charts illustrate the need for reform and the percentage changes in different types of healthcare costs. At the same time, it also points to the marginal cost of the programs in the context of the entire federal budget. It also shows the introduction of Medicare and Medicaid as a turning point and a starting point for the rise in total health spending in the US.

Bachelor thesis depicts the development of working conditions and employment policy in the period 1945 - 1953 with regard to the economic and political changes which were made during the building of the welfare state. Due to the availability and the necessary quantity of the resources my research is focused on working conditions in the heavy industry. The thesis includes important legal norms which were introduced for the distribution of labor during the period of the Third Republic and the following totalitarian regime. Their comparison shows that during the period of the totalitarian regime there was a significant tightening of labor legislation. The contribution of the thesis is the analysis of the effectiveness of the employment policy in the individual regimes, which is done by comparing the objectives and actual results of the two-year and the first five-year plan. Through research, it was found that the transition to the totalitarian regime has made employment policy more effective, but with a fundamental limitation of the individual rights and freedoms.

The diploma thesis deals with mutual trade between the United States of America and the Third Reich during the years 1933 - 1945 and analyzes the influence of American companies that had their branches or other business interests in Germany during Nazism. The thesis analyzes the international trade and its development between both states in the pre-war period as well as international trade during the war. Thesis deals with the contribution of American companies to the German war economy and analyzes their influence and behavior change after the outbreak of war. The hypothesis on the reduction of business co-operation with the on-going war at state level has been confirmed, just as hypothesis of continuing the cooperation of American firms after the outbreak of war.

This work aims to analyze the consequences of collectivization in czechoslovak agriculture. Reporting period is between 1948-1960. In the theoretical part are described political and economic motives and condition of czechoslovak agriculture. In the practical part contents development of collectivization and impact of agriculture reforms on agriculture sector. Reporting period is divided into three parts according to collectivization intensity. In the end we managed to verify the hypothesis that collectivization strongly affected the czechoslovak agriculture.

In the given thesis some of the internal factors and especially external factors of the economic collapse of the Soviet Union are analysed. The external factors are represented as part of the anti-communist strategy of the United States in the 1980s. The strategy consisted of concrete economic sanctions and policies imposed by President Reagan and his administration in order to deteriorate the condition of the Soviet economy during the 1980s. Each of the steps against communist regime undertaken by the US is described and its impact on the Soviet economy is analysed. For example: the economic sanctions on the USSR after its invasion of Afghanistan in 1979; the increased military expenditures in the US in order to exhaust the Soviet economy in the arms race; the announced Strategic Defense Initiative; the secret negotiations between Reagan and the King of Saudi Arabia on reduction of oil prices in 1985; the US embargo on technology exports to the Soviet Union. The results of the research prove that strategy of President Reagan for economic destruction of communism contributed to the Soviet collapse in 1991.

In my bachelor thesis I am focusing on the socio and economic impacts of hyperinflation on the economy of the Weimar Republic. In first chapters I am dealing with the analysis of long-term and short-term causes which led to hyperinflation. I am also taking into account German economic theory, manner of financing of the war in Germany and furthermore I am concentrating on the question of war indemnities and crisis in the Ruhr area. In the followingchapters I am dealing with the progress of hyperinflation and her economic, social and also political impacts. My aim is to confirm the hypothesis, in which I argue that hyperinflation had negative impact on economic and social situation inside the Weimar Republic. Thesis contributes to provide view of impacts of hyperinflation on German society in the year.

This thesis deals with terrorist attacks of 9/11/2001 in the United States of America. The goal is to analyze the selected economic impacts of the terrorist attacks and apply broken window fallacy on this disaster. The method of the study is comparison and analysis of macroeconomic impacts. Research confirms quarterly decrease in GDP, increase in unemployment rate and larger deficit in federal budget. The correlation between these attacks and subprime mortgage crisis is proved in this study. Last but not least negative impacts on aviation industry, financial markets, which led to drop in gross private domestic investment, insurance industry and on the whole tourism in the USA, especially decline in arrival tourists are examined. According to negative impacts that terrorist attacks had on economy of the United States of America, my hypothesis confirms the existence of the broken window fallacy.

The thesis features development and implementation of the agrarian reforms process in the economic and socio-legal context, directed on formation of peasant owners middle class, are analyzed. General approaches to solution of the Russian Empire agrarian and peasant questions are reviewed. Problems of private ownership features in the Russian Empire and influence of communities on economic activity, spiritual traditions, law commitments and life of the Russian peasantry are investigated. Economic and social-legal position of the peasantry before Peter Stolypin reforms are esteemed. Using historiographical, comparative and statistical methods there are introduced key figures that characterize state of the economy and social progress in the peasantry situation. The reforms resulted in rapid agricultural production growth, the internal market expansion, agricultural products export increase. However, the main achievement of the reforms, in my opinion, is inclusion of the Russian peasantry of the early twentieth century into land-market and economic market-capitalist relations, that have served as the basis for a middle class formation in the Russian Empire.

This bachelor thesis focuses on effects of Smoot-Hawley tariff in The United States of America, during 1930. Specifically, the thesis focuses on the analysis of the tariff's effects to process of The Great Depression and is trying to answer the question if the tariff made The Depression worse. In the first part, there is described economic situation in the United States before the tariff passed and then there is described way, how the tariff was passed. The next part is divided into three chapters, and every single one of them analyze effects of the tariff from different sight of view, which is change of farmer's and producer's situation, monetary effects and effects of the tariff to world trade. The thesis analyzes these effects on process of the Great Depression in The United States. Conclusion of the thesis is the statement that Smoot-Hawley tariff made an effect on The Great Depression, mainly by his effects on world trade, which was lower because of the tariff and it was a break to recovery from recession.

This bachelor thesis deals with the effects of the New Deal legislation on Afro-Americans in the 1930s. Specifically, the thesis analytically focuses on the influence of various politician of this program on their social environment within the US economy. For the ease of understanding of whole issue is needed to know the situation of Afro-Americans in the previous decade as well as in the Great Depression. That is the content of the first two chapters. Subsequently there is the outline of the situation leading to the election of F. D. Roosevelt, US President. The last and as well the most important chapter of the whole thesis is devoted to analysis of individual programs and their impact on Afro-Americans. It concludes that the New Deal had both positive and negative influence on this minority, depending on the economic sector and the relevant administration. New Deal generally meant a huge progress in their economic and political affairs.

The main theme of the work is the Fed's monetary policy during the time, when chairman of the Board of Governors was Alan Greenspan. The greatest attention is aimed at the influence of Fed's expansive monetary policy on the so-called dot-com bubble and later mortgage crisis, which subsequently developer into the financial crisis. Through a thorough analysis of many scientific papers written by known economists and my own analysis and evalution I opine that the effect of expansionary monetary policy on the bubble in technological assets and mortgage crisis is rather minor. Fed subordinated all actions to achieve its monetary policy objectives, so criticism of its conducted monetary policy is essentially a critique of these objectives as such. I consider the emergence of new technologies and the so-called theory of feedback as the main cause of dot-com bubble. In the mortgage crisis and subsequent financial crisis as main determinants I consider reluctance of goverment officials strongly regulate activities of investment banks and other investment companies, moral hazard, failure of rating agencies, and federal support for home ownership coupled with the deregulation of the financial sector.

This bachelor thesis focuses on the financing of war expenditures of the United States of America during Second World War. Thesis starts with a theoretical introduction to fiscal policy which is widely contained throughout the whole thesis. Followed with brief introduction to the economic history of the USA. Beginning with the Roaring Twenties ended by the Great Depression followed with politics of New Deal. The second part introduces the principles of war economy and the instruments which goverment use to affect and finance the economy. Goals of this thesis are to analyze these instruments and find out to what extent were used. The subject of analysis is especially funding through taxation which took a large part of the war financing, but not the majority. Results of this paper indicate that the most of the defense expenditures were financed through debt, mostly by borrowing from the public through purchased war bonds.

The aim of this study is to analyze macroeconomic impacts of four selected oil shocks on the United States economy and their subsequent comparison. The first part of this study deals with the theoretical background of supply shock, its influence on the economy, and the possible responses of economic policy. Furthermore, in the first part I focus on the historical events that led to the oil crisis, specifically on the OPEC oil embargo imposed on the United States, production cuts caused by the Iranian revolution, Iran-Iraq War and Persian Gulf War and on the demand as well as the supply factors that led to the oil shock of 2007-2008. The second part of this study presents the specific impacts of four selected oil shocks on the US economy and their comparison. Based on the findings, it was possible to confirm the hypothesis saying that past oil shocks, especially those that took place in the 1970's, had more negative impacts on the United States economy in comparison with those that happened more recently. In other words, that the effects of changes in oil prices have lessened over time. There are many reasons of this moderation, but the most important ones include more effective monetary policy response, the decrease in wage rigidities, and more recently also the decline of United States dependency on imported oil.

This thesis focuses on monetary policy of the Federal Reserve System in United States in the 1990s. The emphasis during the analysis is put on recession of 1990-1991 and occasions which lead to market speculation, followed by US economy stagnation after its burst. I deeply analyzed the issue and contradictory opinions of renowned economists I conclude that American central bank's decisions during 1995-2000 contributed to the increase of stock market speculation. Nevertheless, these decisions were made in consistency with then crises of domestic and global economy with the aim of ensuring price stability and economic growth. Hence, my conclusion is that monetary policy of American central bank did not exactly cause the crisis, it was mainly investor's exuberance due to wave of new technologies emerging in the 1990s.

This thesis deals with New Frontier and Great Society programs and their impact on social policy of the United States in the 1960s. The main goal of the thesis is to compare impact of both programs on selected indicators of standard of living with primary focus on the poverty rate. Thesis describes antipoverty measures of both programs and analyzes their impact on the standard of living. Hypothesis stating that the Great Society was more successful than New Frontier at reducing the poverty rate could not be proven true because of the immense influence of strong economic growth in the 1960s. Thesis suggests that the biggest success of both programs was the positive impact of the Great Society on education.

This work aims to analyse the development of banking systems in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic which followed after the splitting from the former Czechoslovakia. The theoretical part of the work describes the initial situation that is the centrally planned economy and the central banking in Czechoslovakia. Furthermore, the research methods on the basis of which the success of transformation in both countries will be compared are stated. The practical part is devoted to banking after 1989. First, it analyses the joint office of the states between the years 1989 - 1992. Further, it compares the two banking systems in the course of 1990s according to specified criteria, up to the beginning of the new millennium when the privatization of the largest banking institutions was finalized. In the end, we managed to verify the hypothesis that the Czech banking transformation has been more successful than the Slovak one.

The diploma thesis deals with factors that affected the real estate market in the 1920s in the United States. The aim of the thesis was to determine whether monetary policy had any effect on the prices of new residential houses and whether its easing led to the creation of price bubble and subsequent fall in prices. At first the thesis focuses on explaining economic development and monetary policy in the 1920s and subsequently on the analysis of foreign studies concerning different factors and their effects. The statistical method of regression model was used to test hypothesis. The results of my analysis proved that the monetary policy of the Federal Reserve System was one of the factors affecting the prices of new buildings. This occurred through changes in interest rates, which encouraged an increase in real estate prices during the boom.

My final thesis deals with women's employment in USA and its changes during two historical moments of the World War II and Great Depression. Because of the continuous changes in this area an analysis of historical trends is a valuable source of information for understanding these changes. For a correct understanding of the influence of chosen historical periods the beginning of the thesis deals with an analysis of the situation before these periods. In the main part one chapter deals with the period of Great Depression, when women faced the pressure of the society to leave the labor market and leave the jobs to men, as to a main breadwinners. Next chapter describes trends during the World War II, when women work was promoted and the pressure was in the opposite direction. The last chapter analyzes a situation after the war and an impact of the World War II in both the short and long term. Special attention is given to two groups of women, married and Afro-American. These groups were influenced in given periods in a specific way. The reason why is mostly social norms within married women and disadvantages position of the Afro-American women in a labor market within this group. Aim of the thesis is not only description of the trends but also deeper analysis of governmental approaches, economical factors and social norms and it's interdependence and causality. From the trends we can see that changes in women's employment were strongly influenced by economic situation of the country and that social norms were able to adapt to these economic circumstances in a short term. In long term they were constant.

This work is the description of one importat chapter in American monetary history. Today, the existence of central monetary authority is the matter of course, as indispensable nessesity. This institution had its champions even in young United states and was fouded there according the example of the Bank of England. In spite of that, the wide political opposition was formed and Bank was eventualy dismantelet. How well was the monetary system of the young nation without its central autority? Thats the matter of debates and research, which is relevant even for today.

The 1970s are well known mostly thanks to the events of the first and second oil shock, which changed the economic landscape in the US and in the world for years to come. The theoretical section of this thesis is devoted to the situation before and during the oil shocks: their origins and circumstances, political developments as they progressed and their effects on the oil market. The analytical section examines economic policies of United States presidents Gerald Ford and James Carter and points out successes or failures of their various measures. It describes the course of events concerning economic growth, inflation and unemployment over the course of the 1970s and addresses the causes of their developments in each year. The work is concluded with a comparison of the selected economic aggregates and claims that economic policy of President Carter dealt with the impact of the oil shock more successfully than economic policy of President Ford.

This bachelor thesis is an inquiry into an evolution of the banking system in Czechoslovakia in-between 1945 - 1958. At first, it defines theoretical outcomes of free-market banking system and conception of banking system in a model of central-planned economy. Moreover, it discusses the history of banking during the period of 1918 - 1945. In the analytical part, it deals with the situation of banking system right after the WW2 and analyzes changes set by Benes`s Decrees in 1945 and concentrating of banking industry. In 1948, Communist party of Czechoslovakia became leading power by political revolution, The National Bank of Czechoslovakia was nationalized and relatively fast transformation of free-market economy to central-planned one began. In 1950, The State Bank of Czechoslovakia, which functionality was of central as well as of commercial bank, was established. In 1958, when The State Bank of Czechoslovakia also acquire the function of investment bank, became full-feathered monobank.

The aim of this study is to analyze the economy of the United States before, but mainly after the American Civil War. The first part of the thesis is aimed at the comparison of antebellum economies of Southern and Northern American States and the causes which led to the outbreak of the military conflict. The issues of slavery, different economic development or tense political situation are discussed. The second part deals with the economic impact of the Civil War and with the subsequent post-bellum economic development in the United States. On the basis of such evaluated data, the hypothesis, claiming that the Civil War represented the revolution in the development of the American economy, which we would not have experienced without the military conflict, is tested. I conclude that the war cannot be seen as a watershed in neither American economic development - nor in the North, where transformation into the industrial society had already begun before the war, or in the Southern states, where the emancipation of slaves caused diminution in agriculture productivity which contributed to the economic backwardness of the South.

This thesis examines the employment policies of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1939. The main emphasis is on the development of transport infrastructure and the automotive industry. These were chosen as "appropriate" to restore economic growth and tackle unemployment. A positive effect on the labor market is confirmed, due to a shortage of workers in the late thirties. Simple calculations and analysis of available statistical data show that the production of motor vehicles and roads and highways construction were not the main "drivers" of economic growth in and of themselves. However, their advantage was the binding of an additional industry and the resulting multiplier effect. After considering the economical results of the automotive industry and the subsequent international comparison, it is refuted that there was a mass motorization in Germany during the thirties. The military importance of transport policy was also very low, because the army preferred to other types of transportation. By comparing the selected measures of previous governments, it is demonstrated that the Nazi economic policy was not nearly as innovative, but rather followed and expanded the previous one.

This thesis maps the role of the U.S. dollar as an international currency with a main focus on the second half of the 20th century and the role of dollar in the world economy. The thesis spans from the end of the Second World War to the eve of the last global financial crisis. The thesis documents, how dollar became the leading international currency during the Bretton Woods system era. Although the inner conflicts led to breakup of the system, dollar remained the most important currency. Despite many attempts, a successful reform of the international monetary system never happened since then. In the last 30 years, the uncoordinated U.S. monetary policy led to rapid growth of imbalances in the world economy and consequently to the 2007/08 Financial crisis. The thesis shows that the viable reform can build on the original plan of John M. Keynes, which prepared for the Bretton Woods conference.

This bachelor thesis deals with the influence of the Second World War on the consumption of households in the USA. The main part of this thesis is devoted to the consumption of single items and government regulations which have influenced the consumption. In addition to development of the labor market and wages this thesis focuses on the transformation of the women role and on the transformation of the standard of living. This thesis indicates that during the Second World War the consumption and savings of the population were greatly influenced by rationing, price caps and other factors. The results of this thesis implies that although there was an increasing of wages and a significant decreasing of unemployment, the consumption of households was greatly influenced by rationing and price caps. As a result of these regulations it led to a decrease in the quality of goods and to restrictions on selling certain items of soft goods and durable goods. Thus, the standard of living of the population was significantly influenced by these restrictions in consumption.

In my thesis I am dealing with German monetary policy from 1871 to the 1923. The two main chapters analyze German monetary and fiscal policies and their impact on post-war situation in the country. The third chapter refers to events in the Weimar Republic to the outbreak of hyperinflation. In this thesis I evaluate the regulations and their impact on the state and its economy. My aim is to confirm the hypothesis, in which I argue that in Germany were made decisions that have an impact on its economic collapse and radicalization of society between the world wars already during the pre-war and wartime. I found that during the years 1871-1918 were introduced measures that in the long run lead to a weakening of the financial stability of the country. Thesis contributes to provide a comprehensive view of monetary policy, which led to one of the biggest hyperinflation in the history.

This thesis deals with the impacts of information and communication technology investment surge on USA economic growth in the 1990s. Besides others, rapid development of these technologies also led to the creation of a stock market bubble, which affected the expansion phase of the economic cycle. Its burst in 2000-2001 resulted in economic slow-down and end of the longest recorded economic expansion in the history of the United States. Main part of the thesis discusses the benefits of information technology for economy and further evaluates the role of the speculative bubble in the development of consumption and investment expenditures. The thesis results suggest that the increase in capital intensity and sharp stock market price inflation significantly accelerated the dynamics of the economic growth in the second half of the described cycle.

The thesis deals with changes in attitude towards the US welfare state in the 1980s and 1990s, when its classical (liberal) concept was outshined by a more rational attitude of conservatism. Through a reduction in the number of welfare recipients President Reagan wanted to terminate the growth trend in the cost of social security. His provisions, however, caused a reduction in work incentives of welfare recipients and a significant decline in income of these people. Along with measures positively motivating to work President Clinton limited eligibility for social benefits and caused significant changes in the behavior of groups of people most dependent on these revenues. Analysis in the last part is focused on the effects of these measures on American society and changes in the well-being of various groups of the population. Findings show that Clinton was able to exploit the good economic conditions of the late 20th century better than Reagan. His social reform caused a more significant decrease in the number of those receiving social benefits, which was also accompanied by improvements in living conditions of US citizens - by growing self-sufficiency through increased labor participation and a decrease in poverty.

The thesis deals with importance of European Recovery Program (Marshall plan) for Irish economy. The aim is to analyse whether the Marshall plan aid was in the case of Ireland rather a political decision or an economic necessity. In the first half of 20th century the economic and political development was adherent to Great Britain, although Ireland was anxious to break this bound since the foundation of the Free State. Second World War neutrality and disputable survey of post-war Irish economy caused bitter relationships with the United States and therefore even harder communication in the case of Marshall plan. Prevailing and historically determinated Irish isolationism and nationalism, trading orientation mainly on Great Britain, undeveloped economy and scepticism about the leading role of the United States in post-war world and economic integration of Europe in consequence led to the fact that Ireland was one of least developed countries in western Europe in the beginning of 1960s, even though it adopted the Marshall plan.

This paper discusses the importance of Czechoslovak foreign trade with the EEC countries for the period of normalization. In the theoretical part, the author defines the issues of foreign trade. It deals with the variety of business concepts, tools of trade policy and the overall importance of international trade for the economy. In the analytical part describes the main organizations affecting foreign trade relations of Czechoslovakia after World War II, relations between the two organizations, bipolar division of the world and the position of Czechoslovakia in world trade. In the second part, the author analyzes the overall Czechoslovak foreign trade, territorial distribution and commodity structure of exports and imports. The last part focuses on the evaluation of the importance of trade with the EEC Member States, its development and shortcomings.

This thesis deals with employment policy in Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1939. The focus is mainly on public programs and the construction of highways. The Great Depression hit Germany hard. When the Nazi government came to power, unemployment amounted to six milion which corresponded to a third of the workforce. The subject of discussion until today is how the Nazi regime was able to resolve unprecedented unemployment. The work is based on the hypothesis that public programs accounted for half the reduction of unemployment. First, I examine macro-economic analysis of the first and second four-year plan and labor market policies. Then I analyze public programs and the construction of highways. After that I compare the findings with the development in the labor market and the general economic situation. I conclude that public programs only partially contributed to the reduction of unemployment.

This thesis deals with the topic of fiscal policy in the USA during the administration of Bill Clinton and origins of budget surpluses at the end of the 1990s. First I describe fiscal and economic situation during the administration of presidents Reagan and Bush. Then I focus on period of the Clinton administration and key budget acts. Using budget analysis I determine main changes in budget outlays and receipts. I come to conclusion that favourable economic situation led by development of informational technology and other positive factors had an essential impact on stabilization of American federal budgets. However, the Clinton administration managed to take advantage of these circumstances and through fiscal policy significantly contributed to creation of the budget surpluses. In the end I present few recommendations for policymakers.

This bachelor thesis deals with changes in social policy during Lyndon Johnson's and Richard Nixon's administration. The goal of the thesis is to analyze changes in social policy, compare expends on welfare state and analyze impacts on America's society. Most of President's programs are described, as well as creation of legislation and comparison of these changes. Thesis is mostly devoted to the Great Society programs, which were basicially based on the struggle againts poverty. Eventhough Nixon was critical of Johnsons's welfare state, there was no evidence of reduction or canceling Great Society reforms. There was no evidence of expenses reduction as well and influence on American society during Nixon presidency was primarily influenced by interference on desegreating reforms made by Lyndon Johnson.

Bachelor thesis deals with the role of US subsidiaries of automotive companies in the revival of German national socialist economy in the 30's of the 20th century. Its aim is to clarify whether these companies have played a key role on the German car market. The thesis is chronically divided into three main parts. The first part deals with the blossom of the automotive industry in Germany and the US market in the 20's. It also describes the entry of US companies on the German market. The second part examines the automotive industry in Germany in 30's. It focuses on the major automobile manufacturers on the market and examines their role in the preparations for World War II. This section explains in particular the role of US subsidiaries and their role in the rearmament of Nazi Germany. It also deals with Volkswagen concept. The last part describes the position of car manufacturers during and immediately after World War II. The thesis proves the important role of US car manufacturers in the German economy in the 30's of the 20th century and exemplifies their role in the rearmament of Germany before and during World War II.

The thesis analysis the primary causes of the Great Depression and Great Recession in the US. The author is looking for common signs of these crisis with special attention to monetary policy, which is considered as a crucial. The author aims to analyze economic and political measures that accompanied the crisis. The first part deals with the Fed policy including its origin, the roaring twenties, the stock Exchange crash, anti-crisis economical and political measures during the crisis and there is also written about the theoretical interpretation of the different schools of economics. The second part deals with causes of Great Recession, the government sponsored enterprises, the housing bubble or federal emergency programs. Further, it discussed the credit expansion and the Fed´s policy and in the end the author offers an comparison of both crisis and presents his own view on the issue.

Master's s thesis determines potential influence of "shale miracle" observed in the U.S. since the first decade of new millennium on energy independence which has been one of the U.S. policy priorities since the 1970s' oil shocks. Technological development and innovations supported by the government triggered an unexpected and in its way unique boom, which significantly strengthened the U.S. economy. The thesis examines impact of oil crises on the U.S. energy policy, history of unconventional gas and oil extraction, and the federal involvement in energy R&D programs. Energy independence is analyzed in terms of three fundamental pillars (reducing the amount of imported oil, reducing the energy intensity of economy and increasing energy self-sufficiency). All of the models, schemes and calculations cover a period of 1973-2013. Two indicators -- improving self-sufficiency and decreasing energy intensity of the economy -- speak in favor of achievable energy independence. However, deficient energy balance suggests otherwise. In case the need to fill the gap between energy production and consumption by foreign oil imports (which have been at their historically highest values since the 1990s) remains, then a complete energy independence as well as security is just an illusion.

This bachelor thesis deals with the program of War on Poverty declared by president Lyndon Baines Johnson as part of his vision of the Great Society in the sixties in the United States. The main objective of this thesis is to analyze the estabilished programs to fight poverty and evaluate their impact on the poor and nonpoor parts of the American society. Absolute poverty in the United States demostrably fell during Johnson's presidency but relative poverty remained largely unaffected. Absolute poverty indicators could have also been affected by economic growth. Several demographical groups undoubtedly profited from Johnson's programs, though, and many programs remain popular to this day.

The thesis covers fourteen years of three democratic governments which were established after the Pinochet regime. The author puts the main emphasis on links between policies of these governments and willingness of multinational enterprises to invest in Chile. The area of this research includes foreign direct investments (FDIs) which were materialized under the regime D.L.600. Chile is well known for its stable outstanding economic performance and the foreign investments represent just one indicator in which Chile performed well. In the researched period, Chile was the no.1 country for FDIs in Latin America. The assumption that reasons for the great amount of FDIs originated from suitable government policies was confirmed. Especially, the author explained the important role of the infrastructure concession program and privatizations. On the other hand the role of bilateral investment promotion agreements was not proved. The author used primarily data from the World Bank, Foreign Investment Committee and Ministry of Public Works in combination with synchronic approach and probe technique. The statistical numbers were put in the context of historical events.

The Czechoslovakian economy and standard of living of the population in Czechoslovakia in the 70's and 80's of the last century, can be evaluated, in comparison with the developed countries of the former Western World, as lagging behind. However, in this comparison, has to be taken into account the different political systems of each country. The bachelor thesis deals with the analysis of living standards of citizens in selected regions of Czechoslovakia and the subsequent comparison of this two selected areas. The theoretical part includes not only an introduction into the issue of standard of living, but also the general outline of the political and economic situation in the former Czechoslovakia. Based on empirical research, the thesis is trying to find meaningful data on this issue. A comparison of expenditures and incomes of households, availability of medical and social services, equipment or free time spending -- this all is included in this research, which first analyzes the data in this two regions, which is beeing comparing in the last part. The specified hypothesis, that residents of the North Moravia region had a comparable, if not higher standard of living, than in Prague, thanks to at that time very supported steel industry, was in the framework of certain investigated factors partly confirmed. A particularly due to higher total industrial employment and the associated higher wages in this sector. The citizens of the North Moravia region had better results in the context of household equipment too. On the other hand, the people of Prague had better conditions in the availability of health and social services and richer leisure activities in the field of cultural life.

This bachelor thesis focuses on the influence of the Second World War on the labor market in the USA. In addition to explaining changes to the labor market as a whole, an emphasis is put on the labor market with regard to specific relevant minorities (namely women, Americans of Japanese descent and Afro-Americans). The main part of each chapter is devoted to sector changes in employment on the supply side of the market. This thesis indicates that the circumstances of the Second World War and the Postwar Era greatly shaped the circumstances of the U.S. labor market during these periods. Employment during this time also demonstrated characteristics of being affected greatly by these significant events. The results of this thesis also indicate that the Second World War in the context of the labor market contributed to breaking certain social barriers connected to the process of employment, which in turn accelerated the social evolution of some groups.

In my thesis I focus on the concept of the Swedish welfare state, which many economists consider as a conclusive evidence that an extensive welfare state is fully compatible with a growing and competitive economy. The main hypothesis is that institutions of the welfare state leads in time to a continual pressure on change of overall condition of all social structures, expansion of the public sector, its overuse and increasing inefficiency. I examine a period from about 1850, when Sweden began to rapidly develop until the turn of the 20th and 21st century, when the Swedish welfare state fell into crisis. The hypothesis is verified by using the methodological approach of induction and with theoretical framework of new institutional economics. Findings of my work shows that the success of Swedish welfare state is rather a result of specific institutional factors that were favorable to business environment for most of the modern Swedish history. On contrary, excessive social spending, high taxes and market regulation from the second half of the 20th century made the system unsustainable and pointed to the need of reformation.