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8. Storage Characteristics and Nutritive Value Changes in Bermudagrass Hay as Affected by Moisture Content and Density of Rectangular Bales

Author

Coblentz, W. K., Turner, J. E., Scarbrough, D. A., Lesmeister, K. E., Johnson, Z. B., Kellogg, D. W., Coffey, K. P., McBeth, L. J., and Weyers, J. S.

Subjects
Crop losses -- Finance -- Research, Bermuda grass -- Storage -- Research, Agricultural industry -- Research -- Finance, Agriculture -- Research, Agricultural industry, Business, Company financing, Finance, Research, Storage
Abstract

Conserving hay at moisture concentrations [is greater than] 200 g [kg.sup.-1] is known to cause spontaneous heating and negative effects on forage nutritive value. While these relationships have been evaluated extensively for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), less research has evaluated these factors in warm-season grasses, specifically bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]. In this study, `Greenfield' bermudagrass was grown on a Pickwick silt loam soil (fine-silty, mixed, semiactive, thermic Typic Paleudult) and packaged in conventional rectangular bales at five concentrations of moisture (178, 208, 248, 287, and 325 g [kg.sup.-1]) and at high and medium bale densities (overall means = 208 and 186 kg [m.sup.-3], respectively). Bale density had little effect on forage nutritive value after storage. Furthermore, bale density had no effect (P [is greater than] 0.05) on indices of spontaneous beating (heating degree days [is greater than] 35 ° C, maximum temperature, and 30-d average temperature), visual evaluation of mold, and dry matter (DM) recovery. Positive linear relationships occurred between concentrations of fibrous forage components and indices of spontaneous heating; coefficients of determination ([r.sup.2]) statistics were similar for each index of spontaneous heating that was used as the independent variable in these linear regressions. Concentrations of acid detergent insoluble N and neutral detergent insoluble N expressed on a DM basis were positively related to measures of spontaneous heating in close linear relationships ([r.sup.2] [is greater than or equal to] 0.80). Regressions of other N fractions on measures of spontaneous heating exhibited lower coefficients of determination, but generally had significant slopes. Results of this study indicate that N in bermudagrass is very susceptible to reductions in bioavailability through heat damage during bale storage, and that this damage is increased with increases in initial bale moisture., THE HARVEST, STORAGE, AND CASH SALE of improved varieties of bermudagrass hay are large components of the cattle (Bos taurus) and horse (Equus caballus) industries in the southern USA. Producers [...]

Published
2000

9. Effect of magnesium mica on performance and carcass quality of growing-finishing swine

Author

Apple, J. K., Maxwell, C. V., deRodas, B., Watson, H. B., and Johnson, Z. B.

Subjects
Swine -- Feed utilization efficiency, Magnesium metabolism -- Research, Animal feeding and feeds -- Research, Feed additives -- Evaluation, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

A total of 240 crossbred pigs were used in two experiments to determine the effect of feeding magnesium mica (MM) during the growing-finishing period on animal performance and pork carcass characteristics. All pigs were blocked by weight, and treatments were assigned randomly to pens (five pigs/pen) within blocks. In each experiment, eight pens were allotted randomly to one of three treatments: 1) a negative control corn-soybean meal starter, grower, and finisher diet devoid of supplemental magnesium; 2) the control diets supplemented with 1.25% MM; and 3) the control diets supplemented with 2.50% MM. In Exp. 1, pigs were slaughtered at the University of Arkansas Red Meat Abattoir, whereas pigs in Exp. 2 were transported to a commercial pork packing plant and slaughtered according to industry-accepted procedures. In both experiments, dietary supplementation of MM had no (P [is greater than] .10) effect on ADG, ADFI, or gain:feed ratio at any phase during the growing-finishing period. In Exp. 1, MM supplementation had no (P [is greater than] .10) effect on carcass fatness or muscling. Moreover, Japanese color scores were not (P [is greater than] .10) affected by feeding pigs MM; however, American color scores increased linearly (P [is less than] .01) with increasing levels of MM in the diet. Although MM supplementation did not (P [is greater than] .10) affect L* and b* values for the longissimus muscle (LM), there was a linear increase (P [is less than] .05) in LM a* and chroma values associated with increased MM levels in swine diets. In Exp. 2, carcasses from pigs fed 1.25% MM had less (P [is less than] .05) fat opposite the LM at the 10th rib than untreated controls and pigs fed 2.50% MM and higher (P [is less than] .10) percentages of muscle than carcasses of untreated controls. Moreover, the LM from pigs fed 1.25% MM was less (P [is less than] .05) red and less (P [is less than] .05) yellow than the LM from pigs fed the control or 2.50% MM-supplemented diets. Drip loss from the LM was unaffected (P [is greater than] .10) by inclusion of MM in the diet. Results from this study confirm that inclusion of MM, an inexpensive, inorganic magnesium source, in diets of growing-finishing swine has beneficial effects on pork carcass cutability and quality with no deleterious effects on live animal performance. Key Words: Carcass Composition, Diet, Magnesium, Meat Quality, Pigs

Published
2000

10. Evaluation of efficacy and benefit of ivermectin with clorsulon and long-acting moxidectin in replacement beef heifers

Author

Powell, J. G., Yazwinski, T. A., Tucker, C. A., Johnson, Z. B., Brown, A. H., Reynolds, J. L., and Clymer, B. C.

Subjects
Veterinary medicine, animal structures, animal diseases, Beef cattle, Biology, Moxidectin, chemistry.chemical_compound, Animal science, Ivermectin, chemistry, medicine, Potency, Weaning, Helminths, medicine.symptom, Weight gain, Feces, medicine.drug
Abstract

A two-year study was conducted to assess the effects of ivermectin (with clorsulon) and long-acting moxidectin on the development of replacement beef heifers carrying naturally occurring parasite infections. Replacement beef heifers (n=105) were obtained at weaning and co-grazed on permanent pastures throughout the 686-day study. Study heifers were treated with ivermectin and clorsulon (IVCL), long-acting moxidectin (LMXD), or left untreated (CON). Treatments were administered on days 0 and 149. Compared to CON, heifer body weights were greater (P, The Bovine Practitioner, Vol. 43, No. 2 (2009 Summer)

Published
2009
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11. A Field study comparing fecal egg count reduction, weight gain and product safety in stocker cattle treated with either moxidectin or ivermectin with clorsulon

Author

Yazwinski, T. A., Tucker, C. A., Powell, J. G., Reynolds, J., Johnson, Z. B., Moore, J. J., Prewett, C., Griffin, D., and Haller, B.

Subjects
Ostertagia, Biology, Beef cattle, Breed, Moxidectin, chemistry.chemical_compound, Animal science, Ivermectin, chemistry, parasitic diseases, Herd, medicine, Eggs per gram, Feces, medicine.drug
Abstract

This study was conducted to assess effectiveness, safety and benefit of injectable moxidectin compared to an injectable ivermectin-clorsulon combination. A total 2,022 stocker calves maintained on 11 Arkansas and Missouri cattle farms were randomly and evenly allocated on each farm into either the moxidectin (MXD) or ivermectin-clorsulon (IC) group. No negative controls were utilized in the study. All treatments were administered on a unique day 0 for each farm. Herd sizes ranged from 54 to 544. Naturally infected mixed breed bull, steer or heifer calves, weighing from 241 to 810 lb (110 to 368 kg) on day 0, were used in the study. On days 0, 50 (approx) and 100 (approx), each animal was weighed, and fecal samples were obtained from 20% of the animals (same animals on each sample day) for determination of fecal nematode egg counts and coproculture larvae identification. Both products were easily administered and no adverse effects were noted following administration of either drug. Weight gain from day 0 did not vary significantly between treatment groups at either of the post-treatment sampling dates. In addition, sex by treatment interaction was not significant (P, The Bovine Practitioner, Vol. 41, No. 2 (2007 Summer)

Published
2007
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23. Effect of rotation frequency and weaning date on forage measurements and growth performance by cows and calves grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue pastures overseeded with crabgrass and legumes1

Author

Coffey, K. P., primary, Coblentz, W. K., additional, Scarbrough, D. A., additional, Humphry, J. B., additional, McGinley, B. C., additional, Turner, J. E., additional, Smith, T. F., additional, Hubbell, D. S., additional, Johnson, Z. B., additional, Hellwig, D. H., additional, Popp, M. P., additional, and Rosenkrans, C. F., additional

Published
2005
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